北京市门头沟区2020届高三高考一模英语试题

北京市门头沟区2020届高三高考一模英语试题

北京市门头沟区 2020 年高三年级综合练习 高 三 英 语 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）‎ 第一节 语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）‎ A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。‎ Basketball hero Kobe Bryant's death has drawn an outpouring of shock and sadness across China. Basketball fans in China are now sad after learning that the former Los Angeles Lakers' 18-time NBA All Star had died at the age of ‎41 in a helicopter crash ___1___ Sunday in California. Bryant was among nine people on board, ____2____ (include) his 13-year-old daughter Gianna, who all died in the disaster___3___ occurred in the heavy fog.‎ ‎【答案】1. on 2. including ‎ ‎3. that/which ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。主要说明了篮球英雄Kobe Bryant的离世在中国各地引发了震惊和悲伤。Bryant是飞机上的九名乘客之一，其中包括他13岁的女儿Gianna，他们都在这场大雾造成的灾难中丧生。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 考查介词。句意：周日，前洛杉矶湖人队18届NBA全明星赛冠军在加利福尼亚一架直升机坠毁，享年41岁。中国的篮球迷们得知这一消息后都很伤心。根据短语on Sunday表示“在周日”。故填on。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 考查介词。句意：Bryant是飞机上的九名乘客之一，其中包括他13岁的女儿Gianna，他们都在这场大雾造成的灾难中丧生。此处表示“包括……在内”后跟宾语his 13-year-old daughter Gianna应用介词including。故填including。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 考查定语从句。句意：Bryant是飞机上的九名乘客之一，其中包括他13岁的女儿Gianna ‎，他们都在这场大雾造成的灾难中丧生。本句为定语从句修饰先行词disaster，且先行词在从句中做主语，指“灾难”故用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。‎ ‎【点睛】定语从句中的关系词选择，可考虑以下几点：‎ ‎1、看清楚先行词的意义，就是理清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点、原因。指物时不能用who或whom，指人时通常不用which等等。‎ ‎2、看清楚关系词的句法功能，就是理清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等等。作定语通常用whose，有时也用which。作状语要用when, where, why。‎ ‎3、看清楚定语从句的种类，就是理清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句。that, why通常不引导非限制性定语从句。 ‎ ‎4、看清楚文体，就是理清是正式文体，还是非正式文体。是书面语体还是口语体。‎ 如第三小题，句意：Bryant是飞机上的九名乘客之一，其中包括他13岁的女儿Gianna，他们都在这场大雾造成的灾难中丧生。本句为定语从句修饰先行词disaster，且先行词在从句中做主语，指“灾难”故用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。‎ B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。‎ The shadow puppet play Monkey King and Coronavirus(冠状病毒 ),___4___ (create) by the Beijing Longzaitian Shadow Puppet Theater,___5___ (broadcast) online since February 14 with nearly 5 million hits on the internet. In the show, the Monkey King hears about the novel coronavirus outbreak, so ____6____(him) goes to Wuhan, the capital city of Central China's Hubei province ___7___ (fight) the disease.‎ ‎【答案】4. created ‎ ‎5. has been broadcast ‎ ‎6. he 7. to fight ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。主要说明了由北京龙载天皮影戏剧团创作的皮影戏《孙悟空与冠状病毒》自‎2月14日起在网上播出，点击量近500万次。文章还介绍了皮影戏的内容。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：由北京龙载天皮影戏剧团创作的皮影戏《孙悟空与冠状病毒》自‎2月14日起在网上播出，点击量近500万次。分析句子成分可知create 在句中作非谓语动词，与逻辑主语The shadow puppet play Monkey King and Coronavirus构成被动关系，故用过去分词。故填created。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 考查动词时态语态。句意：由北京龙载天皮影戏剧团创作的皮影戏《孙悟空与冠状病毒》自‎2月14日起在网上播出，点击量近500万次。根据后文since February 14可知应用现在完成时，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且主语为The shadow puppet play Monkey King and Coronavirus，助动词应用has。故填has been broadcast。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 考查代词。句意：在节目中，猴王听说了新型冠状病毒的爆发，于是他前往中国中部湖北省的省会武汉抗击这种疾病。此处做句子的主语应用人称代词主格he。故填he。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：在节目中，猴王听说了新型冠状病毒的爆发，于是他前往中国中部湖北省的省会武汉抗击这种疾病。分析句子结构可知fight在句中作非谓语动词，且此处做目的状语故应用不定式。故填to fight。‎ C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。‎ Located in the southern part of Beijing, the Temple of Heaven is a magnificent complex of fine cultural buildings set in gardens and surrounded by historic pine woods. It has been one of the most significant___8___ (place) for the whole country for more than five centuries. It ___9___ (serve) as a complex of sacrificial buildings for the Ming and Qing emperors, and is the ___10___(large) one in Beijing among several royal sites.‎ ‎【答案】8. places ‎ ‎9. served 10. largest ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了天坛位于北京的南部，是一个宏伟的文化建筑群，坐落在花园中，周围是历史悠久的松树林。五个多世纪以来，它一直是整个国家最重要的地方之一。它是明清两代皇帝祭祀建筑的综合体，是北京几个皇家遗址中最大的一个。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 考查名词的数。句意：五个多世纪以来，它一直是整个国家最重要的地方之一。place 为可数名词，且根据上文one of后跟复数名词，表示“……其中之一”。故填places。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 考查动词时态。句意：它是明清两代皇帝祭祀建筑的综合体，是北京几个皇家遗址中最大的一个。根据后文for the Ming and Qing emperors可知描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时。故填served。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 考查最高级。句意：它是明清两代皇帝祭祀建筑的综合体，是北京几个皇家遗址中最大的一个。结合句意表示“最大的”应用形容词最高级形式。故填largest。‎ 第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）‎ I'm Robin Woods. I'm always the first to make a good joke and ___11___ my work away at the end of the day. But somehow, I'm ___12___ the first to be picked for teams and plays. I have always been the outcast,___13___ and alone.‎ ‎“This year our play will be the story of Robin Hood and his Merry Men,” our teacher, Miss Goody, _____14_____ the whole class. “Who would like to be Robin Hood?” I _____15_____ my hand up into the air. Of course, everybody wanted the biggest and best part, especially bossy Bradley.‎ ‎“____16____ for a part and I’ll test you on Monday and decide who will be best for each part,” said Miss Goody, handing out pages of the script. “… And of course, we’ll need lots of trees to be the forest.”‎ ‎“You’ll be a little baby bush…,” Bradley___17___ me. “Or a teeny-tiny leaf.”‎ I___18___ him and took a copy of the Robin Hood words and began my practicing on the way home.‎ On Monday I did some brilliant acting and I remembered all my ____19____. I got the part. Bradley got the part of Little John. Becky was one of the ladies-in-waiting. Jordan was the minstrel(吟游艺人), who told the____20____ in song with a little strum of the guitar every now and then.‎ We had three weeks to learn our parts. Becky offered to____21____ with me. She played Little John's part and gave me ____22____ on fighting. Bradley, who still really wanted to be Robin Hood, often came over to watch. He seemed to be waiting for me to make mistakes. I felt____23____, with knocking knees and cold feet. But I was determined to be the best Robin ‎ Hood ever. I had got the part of a hero and a hero I shall be.‎ At home, Granddad came to help me. He could play the guitar and even made up a minstrel dance. He was really getting into the minstrel’s____24____, which cheered me up and made learning my part much easier and funny.‎ In the final dress rehearsal that afternoon, Bradley was really getting carried away in that fighting-to-get-across-the-river____25____. He was shouting louder and louder and pushing harder and harder until he lost his ____26____ and fell off the bridge. He had hurt his ankle! Worse still, Jordan had got a flu. Probably we had to ____27____ that night’s performance for it was just impossible to find two new actors who could learn the parts before____28____ and, most importantly, could play the guitar. Girls wailed and sobbed. Boys sighed and shuffled their feet.‎ It was I that put forward a____29____：Granddad could play the part of the minstrel; Becky did the part of Little John and Carly could have her part as lady-in-waiting. Miss Goody sighed with relief. Everybody burst into tears of joy.‎ The performance that night was a great success. I felt like a____30____.‎ ‎11. A. tidy B. throw C. push D. drag ‎12. A. sometimes B. frequently C. always D. never ‎13. A. unattended B. unassisted C. unwanted D. unmoved ‎14. A. taught B. gathered C. dismissed D. lectured ‎15. A. seized B. trembled C. shot D. shook ‎16. A. Look out B. Try out C. Stand out D. Speak out ‎17. A. blamed B. threatened C. teased D. cheated ‎18. A. admired B. abused C. respected D. ignored ‎19. A. stories B. texts C. passages D. lines ‎20. A. tale B. truth C. result D. difference ‎21. A. dance B. sing C. perform D. practice ‎22. A. knives B. tips C. guns D. signals ‎23. A. nervous B. disappointed C. important D. honored ‎24. A. part B. team C. band D. house ‎25. A. accident B. incident C. scene D. event ‎26. A. sword B. stick C. position D. balance ‎27. A. cancel B. give C. improve D. evaluate ‎28. A. dawn B. dusk C. midday D. midnight ‎29. A. theory B. solution C. budget D. principle ‎30. A. director B. composer C. hero D. teacher ‎【答案】11. A 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. C 16. B 17. C 18. D 19. D 20. A 21. D 22. B 23. A 24. A 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. B 30. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了在班上一向被排斥的，多余的，孤独的作者主动参加了班级的戏剧表演，并认真准备，结果表演当天两个演员突发意外，眼看着演出不得不取消。结果作者灵机一动想到了解决办法，让演出如期举行并获得了巨大的成功。作者感觉自己像个英雄。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我总是第一个讲个好笑话，在一天结束时把工作整理好。A. tidy整理；B. throw扔；C. push推动；D. drag拖拉。结合后文my work away at the end of the day.可知作者是一个在一天结束时把工作整理好的人。故选A。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：但不知何故，我从来都不是第一个被选中参加球队和比赛的人。A. sometimes有时；B. frequently频繁；C. always总是；D. never从不。结合后文I have always been the outcast可知作者从来都不是第一个被选中参加球队和比赛的人。故选D。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我一直是一个被排斥的，多余的，孤独的人。A. unattended无人看管的；B. unassisted无助的；C. unwanted多余的，不需要的；D. unmoved不动摇的。根据上文I have always been the outcast可知作者一直是一个被排斥多余的，孤独的人。其他选项不符合语境。故选C。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“今年我们的戏剧将是Robin Hood and his Merry Men，”我们的老师Goody小姐，聚集了全班同学。A. taught教授；B. gathered聚集；C. dismissed解散；D. lectured演讲。结合上文可知Goody小姐是在宣布班级的事项，因此是聚集了全班同学。故选B。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我把手举到空中。A. seized抓住；B. trembled颤抖；C. shot射击；‎ D. shook摇晃。上文Goody小姐宣布了今年班级将要表演的戏剧，作者举手想要参加。此处为固定短语shoot hand up into the air表示“把手举到空中”。故选C。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：“试演一个角色，我周一会测试你，然后决定谁最适合每个角色，” Goody小姐边说边分发脚本。A. Look out小心；B. Try out 试验；C. Stand out突出；D. Speak out说出。根据后文I’ll test you on Monday可知Goody小姐是让想要参加戏剧表演的同学试着去扮演一个角色，周一来测试他们。故选B。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你会成为一个小灌木丛……” Bradley取笑我。“或者一片很小的叶子。”A. blamed责备；B. threatened威胁；C. teased取笑；D. cheated欺骗。结合后文“Or a teeny-tiny leaf.”可知Bradley在取笑作者。故选C。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不理他，拿了一份罗宾汉的台词，在回家的路上开始练习。A. admired钦佩；B. abused虐待；C. respected尊重；D. ignored忽视。结合后文and took a copy of the Robin Hood words and began my practicing on the way home.可知作者没有理会Bradley的取笑。故选D。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：周一我表演得很精彩，我记住了所有台词。A. stories故事；B. texts文字；C. passages短文；D. lines台词，线。结合后文I got the part.可知作者表演得很精彩，记住了所有剧中的台词。故选D。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Jordan就是那个吟游诗人，他不时地弹着吉他，用歌声把这个故事讲给大家听。A. tale故事；B. truth真相；C. result结果；D. difference不同。结合第二段第一句This year our play will be the story of Robin Hood and his Merry Men可知这是一个故事。故选A。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Becky主动提出和我一起练习。A. dance跳舞；B. sing唱歌；C. perform表演；D. practice练习。结合后文Becky教作者如何打架可知Becky是和作者一起练习。故选D。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她扮演小约翰的角色，教我如何打架。A. knives刀子；B. tips建议；C. guns枪；D. signals信号。结合后文on fighting可知此处指就如何打架提出建议，短语give sb. tips on doing sth.“就做某事给某人建议”。故选B。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到紧张，两膝发抖，双脚发冷。A. nervous紧张的；B. disappointed失望的；C. important重要的；D. honored光荣的。根据后文with knocking knees and cold feet.可知作者很紧张。故选A。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他真的进入了吟游诗人的角色，这使我振奋起来，使我的学习变得更容易和有趣。A. part角色，部分；B. team队；C. band乐队；D. house房子。结合上文getting into the minstrel’s可知是指进入吟游诗人的角色。故选A。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那天下午的最后一次彩排中，Bradley在那场战斗到渡河的戏中真的是忘乎所以了。A. accident事故；B. incident事件；C. scene场景；D. event事件。结合上文In the final dress rehearsal that afternoon可知是这部戏剧中的场景。故选C。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他叫得越来越响，越推越猛，直到失去平衡，从桥上摔了下来。A. sword剑；B. stick棍子；C. position职位；D. balance平衡。结合后文fell off the bridge.可知失去了平衡。故选D。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许我们不得不取消当晚的演出，因为我们不可能找到两个新的演员，他们能在黄昏前学习角色，而且最重要的是，还能弹吉他。A. cancel取消；B. give给予；C. improve改善；D. evaluate评价。结合后文it was just impossible to find two new actors可知因为不可能找到两个新的演员，只能取消当晚的演出。故选A。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：也许我们不得不取消当晚的演出，因为我们不可能找到两个新的演员，他们能在黄昏前学习角色，而且最重要的是，还能弹吉他。A. dawn黎明；B. dusk黄昏；C. midday中午；D. midnight午夜。根据上文night’s performance可知演出是在晚上，因此要再黄昏前这两个新演员就要学会角色。故选B。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：是我提出了一个解决办法：爷爷可以扮演吟游诗人角色；Becky扮演小约翰，而Carly可以让她扮演侍女。A. theory理论；B. solution解决方案；C. budget预算；D. principle原则。结合后文Granddad could play the part of the minstrel; Becky did the part of Little John and Carly could have her part as lady-in-waiting.可知作者想出了一个解决方案。故选B。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我觉得自己像个英雄。A. director导演；B. composer作曲家；C. hero英雄；D. teacher老师。作者的方案使班级的戏剧如期表演，演出获得了巨大的成功。因此作者感觉自己像个英雄。故选C。‎ ‎31. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分）‎ A It is every kid’s worst nightmare and six-year-old Jaden Hayes has lived it - twice. Firstly, he lost his dad when he was four and then last month his mom died unexpectedly in her sleep.‎ ‎“I tried and I tried and I tried to get her awake - I couldn't,” said Jaden. Jaden was understandably heartbroken.‎ But there was another side to his grief. A side he first made public a few weeks ago when he told his aunt, and now guardian, Barbara DiCola, that he was sick and tired of seeing everyone sad all the time. And he had a plan to fix it.‎ ‎“And that was the beginning of it,” said Barbara. “That’s where the adventure began.”‎ Jaden asked his aunt Barbara to buy a bunch of little toys and bring him to downtown Savannah, Georgia near where he lives, so he could give them away.‎ ‎“I’m trying to make people smile,” said Jaden.‎ Jaden targeted people who weren’t already smiling and then turned their day around. He’d go out on four different occasions now and he was always successful. Even if sometimes he didn’t get exactly the reaction he was hoping for.‎ It was just so overwhelming to some people that a six-year-old orphan would give away a toy- expecting nothing in return - except a smile.‎ ‎“I’m counting on it to be 33, 000,” said Jaden. When asked if he thought he could make that goal, he answered, “I think I can.”‎ ‎31. Why did Jaden give the toys to other people?‎ A. Because he wanted to fix the toys.‎ B. Because he wanted to see more people.‎ C. Because he wanted to give the toys away.‎ D. Because he wanted to make people happy.‎ ‎32. What can we learn from the passage?‎ A. Jaden lived with his aunt.‎ B. Jaden targeted people who were not happy.‎ C. Jaden got nothing he wanted all the time.‎ D. Jaden was sick and tired of seeing everyone.‎ ‎33. Which of the following words can best describe Jaden?‎ A. Helpful and impatient. B. Creative and tricky.‎ C. Optimistic and courageous. D. Ambitious and greedy.‎ ‎【答案】31. D 32. B 33. C ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇记叙文。美国一个名为Jaden的小男孩在挚爱双亲去世后依旧表现得坚强，他想通过“微笑工程”为别人带来快乐，让别人微笑。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据倒数第四段“I’m trying to make people smile,” said Jaden.可知Jaden说:“我想让人们微笑。”由此可知，Jaden把玩具给别人因为他想让人们快乐。故选D。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段Jaden targeted people who weren’t already smiling and then turned their day around.可知Jaden的目标是那些没有笑容的人，然后改变他们的一天。由此可知，Jaden瞄准的是那些不快乐的人。故选B。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章内容Jaden的小男孩在挚爱双亲去世后依旧表现得坚强，想要通过送别人玩具来给人们带去快乐。由此可推知，Jaden是一个乐观和勇敢的孩子。故选C。‎ B Tesla’s lifestyle products tend to cash in on the brand appeal of the electric carmaker and its very publicly engaged chief manager Elon Musk, and the new Tesla Wireless Charger is no exception. It is not for the car, but for the cellphone.‎ The device, which is sold on Tesla’s website alongside hats and the company’s existing desktop and portable chargers, is a small, Apple-like device that costs $65. It has an integrated USB-C cable for when you want to plug it directly into your device, and a USB-A port for non-USB-C devices. You can get it in black or white, but it only comes with 6,000mAh of juice and 5W of output charging (The wired charging method gets you 7.5W).‎ For about half the price, you can get Anker’s 10,000mAh Power Core charger, which has 12W of output charging but no wireless charging capabilities. For $50, you can get an RAV Power 10,400mAh wireless charger with 10W of output.‎ Of course, nobody is really buying this for the functions. They’re buying it because it has a Tesla logo on it and it looks really nice, which is totally fair for $65 and the ease of use wireless charging allows. It’s not a bad purchase for a big Tesla fan.‎ ‎34. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?‎ A. A Wired Charging Method B. A New Wireless Charger C. A New Tesla Car D. A New Apple Device ‎35. If you spend $32.5, you can get ______.‎ A. a desktop B. a Tesla wireless charger C. an RAV Power wireless charger D. an Anker’s 10,000mAh Power Core charger ‎36. A new wireless charger has ______.‎ A. 12W of output charging B. 10W of output charging C. 5W of output charging D. 7.5W of output charging ‎37. Where is the passage most probably from?‎ A. A literary essay. B. A science report.‎ C. A historical novel. D. A sale website.‎ ‎【答案】34. B 35. D 36. C 37. D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款无线充电器的情况，包括其功率和价格等情况。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据文章主要介绍了一款无线充电器的情况，包括其功率和价格等情况。故B选项“一个新的无线充电器”符合文章标题。故选B。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中可知The device, which is sold on Tesla’s website alongside hats and the company’s existing desktop and portable chargers, is a small, Apple-like device that costs $65.可知这款设备在特斯拉的网站上与转换终端、公司现有的台式电脑和便携式充电器一起出售。它是一款类似苹果的小型设备，售价65美元。以及第三段中For about half the price, you can get Anker’s 10,000mAh Power Core charger…可知以大约一半的价格，你可以买到Anker的10,000毫安时功率Power Core充电器……由此可知，如果你花32.5美元，你就可以得到Anker的1万毫安Power Core充电器。故选D。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中You can get it in black or white, but it only comes with 6,000mAh of juice and 5W of output charging (The wired charging method gets you 7.5W).可知你可以买到黑色或白色的，但它只有6000毫安时的电量和5W的输出电量(有线充电方式是7.5W)。由此可知，一个新的无线充电器有5W的输出充电。故选C。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段中可知The device, which is sold on Tesla’s website alongside hats and the company’s existing desktop and portable chargers, is a small, Apple-like device that costs $65.可知这款设备在特斯拉的网站上与转换终端、公司现有的台式电脑和便携式充电器一起出售。它是一款类似苹果的小型设备，售价65美元。由此可推知，文章最有可能来自销售网站。故选D。‎ ‎【点睛】文章出处类推理判断题。做这类题重要的是要抓住文章的内容或结构特征，这是推理判断的前提和基础。如报纸，前面会出现日期、地点、通讯社名称等；广告，其格式特殊，容易辨认；产品说明、器皿设备的使用说明有产品名称或操作方法，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数和药量等。如第四小题，根据第二段中可知The device, which is sold on Tesla’s website alongside hats and the company’s existing desktop and portable chargers, is a small, Apple-like device that costs $65.可知这款设备在特斯拉的网站上与转换终端、公司现有的台式电脑和便携式充电器一起出售。它是一款类似苹果的小型设备，售价65美元。由此可推知，文章最有可能来自销售网站。故选D。‎ C New study shows rapid decline in insect populations. A growing number of the Earth's insect population now can be seen only in collections on exhibitions. Nobody's seen those for 400 years. A new review of over 70 studies of insect populations suggests that human pressures are causing insect populations to plummet by as much as a quarter every decade. The loss of species is inevitably concerning because often we don’t know what those species are doing or we don’t know what other species are depending on them.‎ Insects make up the largest class of animals on earth and represent more than half of all known living creatures. They are incredibly diverse, and in many ways make life on Earth possible. But when we decrease the number of species, we're destroying ecosystem function. Why does that matter? It is because that it's ecosystems that support humans. But those life-support systems that keep us alive, even if we live in a city, are produced by healthy ecosystems. And none of these ecosystems will run well without insects. Bees and butterflies pollinate(授粉) our food, flowers and trees. They feed all kinds of larger animals, including humans. A large number of crops we eat and rely on are pollinated by insects, so we can’t imagine a world where that pollination process is not taking place.‎ And there are some cases already around the world where we are having to pollinate by hand, at huge cost, a huge economic cost, simply because the insects aren’t there to do the work that we would normally ask them to do for free. And in some cases, if you’re talking about food crops, just try to imagine the scale of what the world would look like if insects weren't doing that for us. One big warning, all of the studies come from industrialized countries in Europe and North America. In some areas, the decline is even more rapid. According to one recent study, the number of ground insects in Puerto Rico has fallen by 98% over the last 35 years. A growing body of research shows that insects are declining about twice as fast as vertebrates.‎ The researchers predict that all insect species could be gone in a century in these industrialized countries ‎38. What does the underlined word “plummet” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?‎ A. Reduce. B. Increase.‎ C. Disappear. D. Raise.‎ ‎39. We can learn from Paragraph 2 and 3 that ______.‎ A. we can make a big profit by pollinating by hand B. insects have no impact on industrial development C. pollinating by hand can replace pollinating by insects D. insects account for the largest composition in the entire animal kingdom ‎40. What’s the author’s attitude towards the phenomenon mentioned in the news?‎ A. Unclear. B. Concerned.‎ C. Suspicious. D. Critical.‎ ‎41. The author helps readers better understand his idea mainly by ______.‎ A. using research results B. making comparisons C. giving some examples D. telling personal stories ‎【答案】38. A 39. D 40. B 41. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要说明了一项对70多项昆虫种群研究的最新回顾表明，人类的压力正导致昆虫种群每十年锐减四分之一。昆虫是地球上最大的一类动物，占所有已知生物的一半以上。文章指出如果失去昆虫，我们将不得不人工授粉，代价是巨大的经济成本。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据后文The loss of species is inevitably concerning because often we don’t know what those species are doing or we don’t know what other species are depending on them.可知物种的消失是不可避免的，因为我们经常不知道那些物种在做什么，或者我们不知道其他物种依赖于它们。由此可知，一项对70多项昆虫种群研究的最新回顾表明，人类的压力正导致昆虫种群每十年锐减四分之一。即划线单词意思为“减少”。故选A。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句Insects make up the largest class of animals on earth and represent more than half of all known living creatures.可知昆虫是地球上最大的一类动物，占所有已知生物的一半以上。由此可知，昆虫是整个动物界中最大的组成部分。故选D。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章第一句New study shows rapid decline in insect populations.可知新的研究表明昆虫的数量在迅速减少。结合文章说明了一项对70多项昆虫种群研究的最新回顾表明，人类的压力正导致昆虫种群每十年锐减四分之一。昆虫是地球上最大的一类动物，占所有已知生物的一半以上。文章指出如果失去昆虫，我们将不得不人工授粉，代价是巨大的经济成本。由此可推知，作者对新闻中提到的昆虫减少的现象的态度是关心的。故选B。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中According to one recent study, the number of ground insects in Puerto Rico has fallen by 98% over the last 35 years. A growing body of research shows that insects are declining about twice as fast as vertebrates.可知根据最近的一项研究，波多黎各的地面昆虫数量在过去35年里下降了98%。越来越多的研究表明，昆虫数量下降的速度是脊椎动物的两倍。由此可推知，作者主要通过举例来帮助读者更好地理解他的观点。故选C。‎ D When I re-entered the full-time work after a decade of running my own business, there was a top thing I was looking forward to: to make friends with the colleagues once again. As a matter of fact, it wasn't until I entered the company that I realized making friends with colleagues wasn’t the first at all. It is developing interpersonal relationships at work that is vital, which can not only help overcome a range of problems at work but also promote productivity and the quality of work output.‎ Perhaps my expectations of lunches and chatting with friends were the memory of the last time I was in that kind of office environment. However, as I near the end of my fourth decade, I realize work can be fully functional and entirely satisfying without needing to be the best workmates with the people sitting next to you.‎ In an academic analysis just published in the very influential Journal of Management, researchers have developed the idea of "indifferent relationships", which is a simple term that summarizes the fact that relationships at work can be less close, unimportant and even replaceable.‎ Indifferent relationships are neither positive nor negative. The limited research conducted so far shows they're especially obvious among those who value independence over cooperation, and harmony over disharmony. Indifference is also the preferred choice among those who are socially lazy and regard maintaining relationships over the long term takes effort.‎ As mentioned above indifferent relationships may not always be the most helpful way in solving problems at work. Even so, there are proven benefits on indifferent relationship. One of them is efficiency. Less time chatting and socializing means more time working and producing. Another is self-respect. As human beings, we tend to compare ourselves to each other. Apparently, we look down on acquaintances more than friends. In the process their strengths can raise the sense of self-worth. The third advantage is that the emotional neutrality of indifferent relationships has ‎ been found to improve critical thinking, enhance people’s attention to task solving, and make it easier to gain valuable information.‎ None of those benefits might be as fun as after-work socializing but, hey, I'll take it anyway.‎ ‎42. What did the author realize when he re-entered the company?‎ A. Building interpersonal relationships was important.‎ B. Making new friends with workmates was not so easy as he had expected.‎ C. Developing positive interpersonal relationships helped him find his place.‎ D. Working in companies requires more interpersonal skills than self-employment.‎ ‎43. Which one belongs to indifferent relationships at work according to the passage？‎ A. Being in conflict with workmates in the office.‎ B. Spending less time chatting and socializing in the office.‎ C. Having deep and meaningful conversations with colleagues.‎ D. Being the best mates with the people sitting next to you in the office.‎ ‎44. What can be one of the benefits of the indifferent relationships?‎ A. They provide fun at work.‎ B. They improve work efficiency.‎ C. They help control emotions at work.‎ D. They help solve problems during work time.‎ ‎45. What’s the author’s attitude towards indifferent relationships?‎ A. Cautious. B. Doubtful.‎ C. Approving. D. Indifferent.‎ ‎【答案】42. A 43. B 44. B 45. C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在工作中发展人际关系是至关重要的，这不仅有助于克服工作中的一系列问题，而且还能提高工作效率和工作质量。而在一篇刚刚发表的学术分析文章中，研究人员提出了工作中“冷漠关系”的概念。冷漠的关系既不是积极的也不是消极的。文章还具体说明了冷漠关系的三个优点。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段中It is developing interpersonal relationships at work that is vital, which ‎ can not only help overcome a range of problems at work but also promote productivity and the quality of work output.可知在工作中发展人际关系是至关重要的，这不仅有助于克服工作中的一系列问题，而且还能提高工作效率和工作质量。由此可知，当作者再次进入公司时，他意识到了建立人际关系很重要。故选A。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Less time chatting and socializing means more time working and producing.可知少些时间聊天和社交意味着多些时间工作和生产。结合选项可推知，B选项“在办公室少花时间聊天和社交”属于工作中的冷漠关系。故选B。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Even so, there are proven benefits on indifferent relationship. One of them is efficiency.可知即便如此，“冷漠”关系还是有其益处的。其中之一是效率。由此可知，冷漠关系的好处之一是提高工作效率。故选B。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Even so, there are proven benefits on indifferent relationship.可知即便如此，“冷漠”关系还是有其益处的。以及后文分别说明了冷漠关系的三个好处，由此可推知，作者对于冷漠关系是支持态度。故选C。‎ ‎【点睛】态度、观点及感受类推理判断题。高考阅读理解题中有些题目考查考生对文章作者的思想、人物性格倾向等方面的理解。对于判断情感态度类题目，考生需要分析段落大意、作者的思路，理解了文章的段落大意、中心思想后，才能判断出作者的情感态度。学会辨别清楚文章的体裁。如第四小题，根据倒数第二段中Even so, there are proven benefits on indifferent relationship.可知即便如此，“冷漠”关系还是有其益处的。以及后文分别说明了冷漠关系的三个好处，由此可推知，作者对于冷漠关系是支持态度。故选C。‎ 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ How to Automate New Habits So That You’ll Keep to Them Anyone who’s tried to add something new to their routine knows one thing: Building new habits isn’t easy.___46___‎ The good news: There’s a solution, and it’s called automation.___47___For example: If you want to save more but it seems difficult to achieve, try transferring five dollars to your savings ‎ account each time you buy lunch during the week. If you want to do more sports but aren’t motivated to go to the gym every day, try doing 5 pushups after each time you use the restroom.‎ That sounds easy.____48____“Automation works well in developing new behavior patterns because it involves the use of positive reinforcement(强化), which is one of the most powerful tools for behavior change,” Kahina Louis, a psychologist, tells Shine.‎ ‎“As you’re engaging in gradual steps toward your goals, you may quickly start to experience feelings of accomplishment and pride that you’re making the changes you wanted to make,” she says. “Those positive feelings are forms of reinforcement, and you are more likely to continue doing things that reinforce you.”‎ Along with its positive reinforcement, automation emphasizes the impact of small changes in making a big difference. Though we all love the major successes, the small changes along the way are what get us there in the first step.____49____ “As you show yourself each small change you’ve made, you’re giving yourself the message that you are capable of accomplishment,” Louis says. “That feeling and self-belief are extremely helpful to have as you continue toward creating new behavior change.”‎ ‎___50___ Take a look at what things you keep doing throughout the day or course of the week to decide when to add new automation. Louis says, “For example: If you know that you’re always extremely tired after work, then you might consider picking an auto habit that occurs in your morning routine rather than in the evening.”‎ Louis also explains that although you should pick a behavior that occurs frequently enough to maximize the opportunities to build towards your goal, try not to choose an already existing behavior that occurs too often-like checking your phone or drinking of water. “You might not even realize you’re doing it, and may then miss a lot of chances to perform the new habit,” she says.‎ A. Find your auto habits.‎ B. It takes time and insistence.‎ C. But it turns out to be efficient while trying.‎ D. Consider auto habits that occur at times or places.‎ E. It’s the small steps that fuel your motivation and self-belief.‎ F. It is when you add what you’d like to be your new habit onto an existing habit.‎ G. Building a new habit requires strong mind to help the process go along smoothly.‎ ‎【答案】46. B 47. F 48. C 49. E 50. A ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种名为“自动化”的行为模式，可以有助于人们养成新的好习惯。自动化强调了小的变化对产生大的不同的影响。心理学家Kahina Louis也提出了自己对此的看法。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 根据上文Anyone who’s tried to add something new to their routine knows one thing: Building new habits isn’t easy.可知任何试图在日常生活中增加一些新东西人都知道一件事：养成新习惯并不容易。由此可知，本句承接上文说明为什么养成新的习惯不容易，这是因为养成新的习惯需要时间和坚持。上文中Building new habits对应到B选项中的It。故B选项“这需要时间和坚持”符合上下文语境，故选B。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 根据后文For example: If you want to save more but it seems difficult to achieve, try transferring five dollars to your savings account each time you buy lunch during the week. If you want to do more sports but aren’t motivated to go to the gym every day, try doing 5 pushups after each time you use the restroom.可知例如:如果你想存更多的钱，但似乎很难做到，那就试着每周每次买午餐时把5美元转到你的储蓄账户上。如果你想做更多的运动，但又不想每天都去健身房，那就试试每次上完厕所后做5个俯卧撑吧。由此可知，自动化的意思是在你原有的习惯上增加新的习惯。故F选项“它是你把你想要的新习惯添加到已有的习惯上”符合上下文语境，故选F。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 根据后文“Automation works well in developing new behavior patterns because it involves the use of positive reinforcement, which is one of the most powerful tools for behavior change,” Kahina Louis, a psychologist, tells Shine.可知心理学家Kahina Louis告诉Shine网站:“自动化在开发新的行为模式方面效果很好，因为它涉及到积极强化的使用，这是改变行为最有力的工具之一。”由此可知，自动化是有效的改变行为的工具之一。故C选项“但它在尝试的过程中是有效的”符合上下文语境，故选C。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 根据后文“As you show yourself each small change you’ve made, you’re giving yourself the message that you are capable of accomplishment,” Louis says.可知Louis说:“当你向自己展示你所做 每一个小改变时，你给了自己一个信息：你有能力完成这些改变。”由此可知，这些小的步骤会激发你的自信，让你相信自己有能力完成这些改变。故E选项“这些小步骤会激发你的动力和自信”符合上下文语境，故选E。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 根据后文Take a look at what things you keep doing throughout the day or course of the week to decide when to add new automation. Louis says, “For example: If you know that you’re always extremely tired after work, then you might consider picking an auto habit that occurs in your morning routine rather than in the evening.”可知看看你每天或每周都在做些什么来决定什么时候添加新的自动化。Louis说：“例如如果你知道你下班后总是特别累，那么你可以考虑选择一个在早上而不是晚上养成的开车习惯。”由此可知本段是在建议要找到自己的自动习惯。故A选项“找到你自动习惯”符合上下文语境，故选A。‎ 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，35 分）‎ 第一节（15 分）‎ ‎51.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的美国好友 Jim 得知美国也发生新冠肺炎，很紧张，发来邮件向你询问应对方法，请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：‎ ‎1. 安慰他不要紧张。‎ ‎2. 建议应对方法。‎ ‎3. 表达战胜病毒的信心。‎ 注意：1．词数不少于 50；‎ ‎2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。提示词：新冠肺炎：COVID-9‎ Dear Jim,‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours, ‎ Li Hua ‎【答案】Dear Jim,‎ How are things going? I am very glad to receive your e-mail. Knowing you are worried about COVID‎-19 in America, I am writing to tell you not to panic because it can be controlled.‎ At this special time, you should not go out often. If you go out, you must wear masks. In addition, you should keep good healthy habits.‎ Don’t be too worried about the disease. I believe, with the joint efforts all over the world, we will finally defeat it.‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇提纲类写作。‎ ‎【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的美国好友 Jim 得知美国也发生新冠肺炎，很紧张，发来邮件向你询问应对方法，请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：1. 安慰他不要紧张。2. 建议应对方法。3. 表达战胜病毒的信心。‎ 第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组）：glad (高兴的)；be worried about (担心)；COVID-19 (新冠肺炎)；panic (恐慌)；masks (口罩)；in addition(另外)等。‎ 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般现在时。‎ 第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。‎ ‎【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如Knowing you are worried about COVID‎-19 in America, I am writing to tell you not to panic because it can be controlled.运用原因状语从句；If you go out, you must wear masks.运用了条件状语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。‎ 第二节 （20 分）‎ ‎52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。由于延期开学，你们学校组织了网上授课。请你根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述你上网课的过程。‎ 注意：词数不少于 60。‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】Last week, school delayed because of fighting with COVID-19, we were asked to learn online, which proved to be a meaningful and memorable experience.‎ Last Monday, our teacher informed us of the news that we would delay school and learn online. Hearing that, I determined to learn hard on my own. Although it was a challenging task, we regarded it as a precious opportunity to be more independent.‎ The next morning, hardly had I turned on the computer when our teacher began the broadcast. So clearly did he explain the lesson that I nearly felt we were in class as usual, in which we discussed and gave presentations.‎ Tired as I was after fixing my eyes on the screen for nearly 6 hours, I set down to do my homework. When I had questions, I asked my teachers for help and received timely help.‎ Having finished all the homework, I took pictures and uploaded them to the internet, hoping to receive the comments as soon as possible. After some time, I got the message from my teacher, who praised me for my excellent performance and gave detailed guidance.‎ Despite the difficulties we faced when we were having the classes online, I felt it valuable to do like this to fight with the disease with the people all over the country, even all over the world. Only by working together could we not only acquire the knowledge we should master but also defeat the disease.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇图画类写作。‎ ‎【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。由于延期开学，你们学校组织了网上授课。请你根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述你上网课的过程。‎ 第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组）：because of (因为)；inform of(通知)；on one’s own (独自)；stay in regard as(视为)；as soon as possible (尽快)；detailed guidance(详细的指导)等。‎ 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般过去时。‎ 第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。‎ ‎【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如Last week, school delayed because of fighting with COVID-19, we were asked to learn online, which proved to be a meaningful and memorable experience.运用非限定性定语从句；Although it was a challenging task, we regarded it as a precious opportunity to be more independent.运用了让步状语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。‎