高中英语人教版必修5课件：Unit 4　Section Ⅲ　Grammar

高中英语人教版必修5课件：Unit 4　Section Ⅲ　Grammar

Section Ⅲ 　 Grammar 一、阅读下列含有倒装句式的英语谚语 , 并试着将它们还原为正常语序 例如 :From saving comes having. 节俭出财富。 →Having comes from saving. 1 .Happy is he who owes nothing. 无债一身轻。 →           2 .Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown. 为王者难安。 →            3 .What youth is used to,age remembers. 少年惯为事 , 老年常记起。 →            He who owes nothing is happy . The head that wears a crown lies uneasy . Age remembers what youth is used to . 4 .In the deepest water is the best fishing. 水深好钓鱼。 →            5 .Sweet are the uses of adversity. 苦尽甘来。 →            The best fishing is in the deepest water . The uses of adversity are sweet . 二、把下列句子变成倒装句 1 .Zhou Suhong seldom cries before people .   2 .Some young students were around the teacher .   3 .A young man sat beside the window with a magazine in his hand .    4 .The weather was so cold that we had to stay at home .   Seldom does Zhou Suhong cry before people . Around the teacher were some young students. Beside the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 三、完成句子 ( 练习倒装 ) 1 . 姑娘们非常激动 , 她们中有些人哭了。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the girls that some of them cried.   2 . 如果你是史密斯先生 , 你会有什么感觉呢 ? 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ,how would you feel?   3 . 我从来没见过这样的圣诞老人。 Never 　　　　　　　　　　　　 such a Santa Claus.   So excited were Were you Mr.Smith have I seen 倒装 一、倒装的定义 在英语中 , 主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前 , 谓语在后。但有时出于语法和修辞上的需要将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前 , 这种语序称为倒装语序。 二、倒装的分类 从倒装的形式来看 , 可分为完全倒装和部分倒装两种。前者是指将整个谓语置于主语之前 , 而后者是指仅仅把助动词、情态动词或 be 动词等置于主语之前。 1 . 完全倒装结构 : 谓语 + 主语 ① Here comes my list of dos and don ’ ts :don ’ t miss your deadline...(P26) 2 . 部分倒装结构 : 助动词 / 情态动词 /be 动词 + 主语 + 谓语的其他部分 ② Never will Zhou Yang(ZY)forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper.(P26) 三、使用完全倒装的几种情况 1 . there be 句型 there be 句型实际上是一个完全倒装句 , 真正的主语是 be 后的名词 , 因此 be 的单复数形式应根据此名词决定。如 : ③ There are many students in the classroom. 翻译 :   答案 : 教室里有许多学生。 ④ There is a student in the classroom. 翻译 :   答案 : 教室里有一名学生。 2 . 表示方位、位置或时间的副词或介词短语前置 , 句子要用完全倒装 (1) 当句首为表示方向、地点的副词 here,there,on,off,out,away 或者是 now,then 等 , 句子谓语是一个不及物动词 , 且主语是名词时 , 句子要完全倒装。如 : ⑤ Here is a ticket for you. 翻译 :   答案 : 给你一张票。 ⑥ Now comes your turn. 翻译 :   答案 : 现在轮到你了 。 ⑦ Here he comes. 他来了。 主语 : 　　　　　   答案 : he ⑧ Out they rushed! 他们冲了出去 ! 主语 : 　　　　　   答案 : they 归纳 当句子的主语是人称代词时 , 主谓不倒装。 阅读下列句子 , 指出句子的主语 。 (2) 表示方向或者位置的介词短语 (in the classroom,under the tree 等 ) 提到句首 , 且句子主语是名词 , 谓语是一个不及物动词时 , 句子要完全倒装。如 : ⑨ On the left of the crossroads is located the modern laboratory building.   翻译 :   答案 : 现代化的实验大楼坐落在十字路口的左边。 ⑩ Under the table was lying a half-conscious young man.   翻译 :   答案 : 桌子底下躺着一个半昏迷的年轻人。 3 . 表语置于句首时 , 要用完全倒装 , 倒装结构采用 “ 表语 + 系动词 + 主语 ” 的结构 11 Present at the meeting were Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests. 怀特教授、史密斯教授还有其他很多客人出席了会议。 12 Gone are the days when they could do what they liked. 他们为所欲为的日子一去不返了。 4 .such 作表语 , 置于句首时 , 句子用倒装语序 , 意为 “ …… 就是如此 ” 13 Such was our attitude to school violence.   这就是我们对待校园暴力的态度。 四、使用部分倒装的几种情况 1 . 从句倒装 (1) 在 if 引导的虚拟语气条件状语从句中 , 若把 if 省去 , 则要把从句中的助动词 were,had 或 should 置于主语之前。 将下列句子改为倒装句 14 If there were no air or water,there would be no life in the world. 答案 : Were there no air or water,there would be no life in the world. 15 If you had been more careful,such spelling mistakes might have been avoided. 答案 : Had you been more careful,such spelling mistakes might have been avoided. (2)as 引导的让步状语从句常用倒装 as 引导的让步状语从句一般放在主句之前 , 倒装时需把从句中的表语、状语或者动词原形置于句首。若表语是名词 , 前置时要省略冠词。如 : 16 Child as he is,he knows a lot. 他尽管是个孩子 , 却懂得很多。 注意 :though 引导的让步状语从句可以用倒装结构 , 也可以不用 ;although 引导的让步状语从句不能倒装。 2 . 主句倒装 (1) 在 hardly...when.../no sooner...than... 等句型中主句倒装。 (2)“only+ 状语从句 ” 位于句首时主句须倒装。 (3)so/such...that... 句型中 so/such... 部分提到句首时 , 主句倒装。 完成句子 17 他刚完成工作电话就响了。 Hardly 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 his work when the telephone rang.   答案 : had he finished 18 只有当你看到他们做了什么以后 , 你才能自己去进行新闻采访。 Only when you have seen what they do 　　　　　　　　　 a story by yourself.   答案 : can you cover 19 痕迹很小 , 我几乎看不出来。 So small 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 that I could hardly see it.   答案 : was the mark 20 工人们工作完成得很快 , 因而得到了奖金。 So quickly 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 their work that they got a bonus.   答案 : did the workmen finish 3 . 并列句的倒装 (1)not only...but also... 句型中 , 若 not only 放在句首 , 只有 not only 所在的部分倒装。 (2) 在以 so,nor,neither 开头 , 表示 “ 也 ……” 的句子中。 完成句子 21 他不仅说得更正确 , 而且讲得也更流畅。 Not only 　　　　 more correctly,but also 　　　　 more fluently.   答案 : did he speak;he spoke 22 这个问题不难 , 那个也不难。 This problem is not difficult and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .   答案 : neither is that one 23 煤埋在一些地方的地下 , 石油也是。 Coal is under the ground in some places,and 　　　　　　　　 .   答案 : so is oil 4 . 简单句的倒装 以具有否定意义的副词或者词组开头的句子常用倒装。常见的有 rarely,never,little,few,hardly,seldom,at no time,in no way,on no account,nowhere 等。 完成句子 24 我做梦也没想到会看到如此美丽的景色。 Little 　　　　　　　　　　 dream of seeing such wonderful scenery.   答案 : do I 25 他很少有时间听音乐。 Seldom 　　　　　　　　　　 have time to listen to music.   答案 : does he 一 二 一、把下列句子改为倒装句 1 .The chairman came here. 答案 : Here came the chairman. 2 .Two tall trees stand behind the building. 答案 : Behind the building stand two tall trees. 3 .The baby is so lovely that everyone likes it. 答案 : So lovely is the baby that everyone likes it. 4 .Though they worked hard,they failed to pass the driving test. 答案 : Hard though they worked,they failed to pass the driving test. 5 .They seldom think about their mistakes. 答案 : Seldom do they think about their mistakes. 一 二 6 .The child didn ’ t go to sleep until his mother came back. 答案 : Not until his mother came back did the child go to sleep. 7 .The old man went back to his hometown only when the war was over. 答案 : Only when the war was over did the old man go back to his hometown. 8 .I have never seen such a terrible accident in my life. 答案 : Never have I seen such a terrible accident in my life. 9 .If I were you,I would go to attend the party. 答案 : Were I you,I would go to attend the party. 10 .A small factory lies south of the river. 答案 : South of the river lies a small factory. 一 二 二、单句填空 1 .There 　　　　　 (be) some milk,some eggs and a few apples on the table.   2 .Not only 　　　　　 the nurses want a pay increase,they want reduced hours as well.   3 .So fast 　　　　　 light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.   4 . 　　　　　　 it rain tomorrow,we would have to call off the hike.   is do does Should