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2018届二轮复习定语从句课件(高考真题为例)(21张)
1 /24 2018 届 二轮复习 定语从句(高考真题为例) 2 /24 思维拓展 知识梳理 疑难点拨 3 /24 知识梳理 1. 功能: 在句中作定语,相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词。 2. 位置: 放在被修饰名词之后。 3. 先行词: 定语从句所修饰的名词为先行词。 ( 1 ) 先行词一般是名词和不定代词, 如 :some, any, every 和 no 与 body, thing 的合成词;或 all , none , any , some , that , those 等代词。数词也可以作先行词,人称代词也同样可作先行词。 ( 2 ) 先行词与关系词是对等关系。 必须注意两点: ①先行词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的数由先行词决定。 He is the person who was praised by captain yesterday. ② 关系词在从句句子中充当了成分,其意思就是先行词的意义,所以在从句中不能重复其意。 They are the persons who the captain praised yesterday. 4. 关系词: 引导定语从句的词都叫关系词。 关系代词: who, whom, which, that, whose, as 。 关系副词: when, where, why 。 That 偶尔也作关系副词。 4 /24 疑难点拨 一、关系词的确定 1. 在定语从句中,当先行词指物时,下列情况的关系词宜用 that 而不用 which 。 ( 1 ) 先行词被形容词最高级,序数词,数词几种词修饰或被 only , any , few , little , no , all , one of 等修饰时。 ( 2 ) 先行词为 all , much , little , none , few , one , something , anything 等不定代词时。 ( 3 ) 先行词中既有人又有物时。 He often recalls the persons and things that he experienced in university. ( 4 ) 先行词在主句中作表语或关系词在从句中作表语时。 The school is no longer the one that was 3 years ago. ( 5 ) 当主句中含有疑问词 which 时。 Which are the problems that you told me last week? 5 /24 疑难点拨 一、关系词的确定 2. 关系词宜用 which 而不用 that 的情况。 ( 1 )在非限制性定语从句中 ( 2 )在关系词前有介词时 ( 3 )当先行词本身是 that 时 ( 4 )当关系词离先行词较远时 6 /24 疑难点拨 一、关系词的确定 3. 关系词 who 与 that 指人时,也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词。 ( 1 ) 当主句是 there be 句型时,关系词用 who 。 ( 2 ) 先行词是 anyone , those , someone , everyone , one 等词时,关系词用 who 。 ( 3 ) 当主句是 who 作疑问词时,关系词用 that 。 Who is the man that is talking with John? ( 4 ) whom 在从句中只作宾语,可被 who 取代。 whose 作关系词既指人又指物,在从句中作定语。 Do you know Mr. Black whose son is a doctor? There is a room whose windows are broken. 7 /24 疑难点拨 一、关系词的确定 4. 关系代词 as 引导定语从句的用法。 ( 1 ) 先行词被 such 和 the same 修饰, 或句型 as many / much 中,从句都用 as 引导。注意区别: ① such … that … 引导结果状语从句。 They are such lovely children that we love them much. ② the same … that … 引导定语从句。 I want to use the same tool that you used just now. ( 2 ) 无先行词的定语从句用 as 和 which 引导。 区别: ① 意义上: as 含有“这点正如 …… 一样”。 ② 位置上: as 从句可置句首,也可在其他位置。 8 /24 疑难点拨 一、关系词的确定 5. 关系副词 when , where , why , that 。 when 指时间 = in / at / on / during which where 指地点 = in / at / from which why 指原因 = for which 当先行词为 way , day , reason , time 时,可用 that 作关系副词。(非正式场合) I dont like the way that / in which he talks. 当 time 作先行词时,关系词可以省掉。 This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French. 9 /24 疑难点拨 二、必须注意的几个问题 ( 1 )定语从句中谓语的数。 ( 2 )注意区别定语从句与强调句。 ① 定语从句中关系词作从句成分,复合句。 ② 强调 it 无意义, that / who 不是引导词。 ③ it is / was 和 that / who 后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句,讲不通则不是。 It is the factory that we visited last year. ( 强调句 ) It was in the shop that I met Jack. (强调句) 10 /24 疑难点拨 二、必须注意的几个问题 ( 3 )定语从句与同位语从句的区别。 ①定语从句引导词被称为关系词, that 充当主语、宾语、表语。有时可省略。 ②同位语从句引导词被叫做连词, that 不能充当任何成分,不可省。 We all know the fact that our manager has been to Beijing.( 同位语 ) This is the truth that everyone can understand. ( 定语 ) ( 4 )关系词在从句中省略的情况。 ①关系词作宾语,前无介词时。 ②关系词作表语。 ( 5 )限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译。 ( 6 )关系词前有介词或复杂介词,关系词只能是 which 和 whom 。 11 /24 思维拓展 例 1 (08·福建)By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma appeared a rare rainbow soon . A. of which B. on which C. from which D. above which 此题关键是介词的确定,彩虹当然出现在山峰之上,故用介词 above 。 剖析 12 /24 例 2 ( 08· 陕西) The man pulled out a gold watch, ___were made of small diamonds. A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of C. which the hands of D. the hands of which 表的手链是由小的钻石做成的。表所属关系。请参阅: The man pulled out a gold watch, whose hands / the hands of which / of which the hands were made of small diamonds. 剖析 思维拓展 13 /24 例 3 ( 08· 重庆) They will fly to Washington , ___ they plan to stay for two or three days. A. where B. there C. which D. when 先行词 Washington 为地点,在定语从句中作状语。 剖析 思维拓展 14 /24 例 4 ( 08· 江苏) The Science Museum, ____ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions. A. which B. what C. that D. where 定语从句的谓语动词 visited 缺宾语,所以应该用关系代词,又此处为非限制性定语从句。 剖析 思维拓展 15 /24 例 5 ( 08· 天津) It was along the Mississippi River ____ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood. A. how B. which C. that D. where 本题并非考查定语从句,而是强调句型。 剖析 思维拓展 16 /24 例 6 ( 08· 山东) Occasions are quite rare ____I have the time to spend a day with my kids. A. who B. which C. why D. when 本题考查隔离定语从句。先行词为 occasions ,为了避免主语过长,将其定语从句放到了谓语动词之后。而从句中不缺主干成分。 剖析 思维拓展 17 /24 例 7 ( 08· 全国卷 Ⅱ ) The road conditions there turned out to be very good, _____ was more than we could expect. A. it B. what C. which D. that 非限制性定语从句,关系代词所表示的意义为前一句话的内容。 剖析 思维拓展 18 /24 例 8 ( 08· 全国卷 Ⅱ ) It was in New Zealand _____ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith. A. that B. how C. which D. when 本题并非考查定语从句,而是强调句型 。 剖析 思维拓展 19 /24 例 9 ( 08· 湖南) The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, ______ are beyond our control. A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that 非限制性定语从句,表示关系代词所表示的意义 为 先行词的一部分,又介词后应用 which 。 剖析 思维拓展 20 /24 例 10 ( 08· 北京) I’ll give you my friend’s home address, _____ I can be reached most evenings. A. which B. when C. whom D. where 非限制性定语从句,注意从句使用的被动语态,不缺主干成分,所以应用关系副词 where 。句意为:我给你我朋友的地址,大多数傍晚你可以在他家里找到我。 剖析 思维拓展 21 /24 谢 谢! 链接返回主页查看更多