【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解推理判断试题五种情况的分析与探讨教案（26页）

【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解推理判断试题五种情况的分析与探讨教案（26页）

‎2018届二轮复习阅读理解推理判断试题五种情况的分析与探讨 一、【专项直击】‎ 从2017年全国各地试题来看，推理判断题的数量呈平稳上升趋势，简单的题目可以通过某句或某段进行细节推理，而较为复杂的题目需在理解全文内容及结构的基础上，进行逻辑推理。题目数量分布均匀，并且设题时往往和事实细节相关联。该题型是阅读理解题中难度较大的一类，最能考查学生的英语综合运用能力，因此题量会平稳增加，尤其是逻辑推理题，该题型主要考查学生根据文章字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，从而理解文章的寓意等的能力。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。做这类题时，应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理和判断。在推理过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，判断时要紧密结合文章的主旨大意。‎ 在提问整篇文章、某句或某段的深层含义时，问句中常含有infer，imply，indicate，suggest等词。解决这类题时不仅要弄懂文章的字面意思，更要知道其潜在的含义，通过作者所给的提示，进行合理的推理和判断。‎ 推理判断题是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，作出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。推理判断题在阅读中属于难度较高的题型，通常占总题数的15%－30%。 ‎ 二、【思维导航】‎ ‎【命题特点】‎ 这类题属于主观题，是层次较高的设题。它包括判断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写(paraphrase)或综合。‎ ‎【常见考法】‎ 推理题经常使用的提问方式有： It can be inferred/ concluded that___________. Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage? In which of the following publication would this passage most likely be printed?‎ The passage implies, but doesn't directly state that___________. The writer suggests that___________. What's the author's attitude toward___________?‎ The writer probably feels that___________. The author uses the examples of... to show that___________. ‎1).How to infer the implied meanings(推断隐含意义)‎ ‎【解题技巧】‎ ‎1.全面分析2.忠实原文3.不选表层信息 ‎【考例分析1】‎ ‎1. (2016江苏B)The real problem is that the areas where wolves can live are being used by people．Even if wilderness land is not used directly for human needs, the wolves can’ t always find enough food. So they travel to the nearest source, which is often a farm. Then there is danger. The“big bad wolf”has arrived! And everyone knows what happens next．‎ ‎62．According to those against killing wolves，when wolves eat other animals， ．‎ A．they never eat strong and healthy ones B．they always go against the law of nature C．they might help this kind of animals survive in nature D．they disturb the ecological balance in the wilderness ‎63．The last sentence“And everyone knows what happens next”implies that in such cases ．‎ A．farm animals will be in danger and have to be shipped away B．wolves will kill people and people will in turn kill them C．wolves will find enough food sources on females D．people will leave the areas where wolves can live ‎62.【答案】C ‎【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二个小标题Against Killing Wolves第二段The strongest survive .No kind of animal would have survived through the centuries if the weak members had lived．And has always been a law of nature狼捕杀的通常是年幼、生病或者受伤的动物，让最强壮的动物得以存活。如果允许老弱病残生存，没有哪一种动物可以在经历了数世纪后依然能够存活下来，这是自然界的规律，由此可推测C项正确。‎ ‎63.【答案】B ‎【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后的内容可知，当狼总是找不到食物被逼上绝路时，它们就会来到最近的农场寻觅食物，再结合”Against KimngWolves’’部分第一段中的内容可推测这暗示着人狼大战。‎ ‎2. (2016全国卷II A）One day, as I was getting her food, Brownie chewed up(咬破) one of Dad’s shoes, which had to be thrown away in the end. I knew Dad would be mad and I had to let her know what she did was wrong. When I looked at her and said, “Bad girl.” She looked down at the ground and then went and hid. I saw a tear in her eyes.‎ ‎42. We can infer from Paragraph 2 that Brownie __‎ A. would eat anything when hungry B. felt scary for her mistake C. loved playing hide-and-seek D. disliked the author's dad ‎【解析】狗是人类忠实的朋友。一只非常善解人意的狗给作者的家人带来了无比的温暖，也给众人带来了无穷的欢乐。如今，作者仍然很怀念那只狗。‎ ‎42．B推理判断题。它咬破了作者父亲的一只鞋，听到作者的话后低下了头并躲藏起来，眼睛中还含着泪水，由此可推断B项正确。‎ ‎2).How to infer the author’s opinion and attitudes(推断作者观点或态度)‎ ‎【解题技巧】‎ ‎1.注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子 ‎2.推断出作者的弦外之音 ‎3.站在作者的立场或角度 ‎【描述作者态度的词】‎ objective; neutral; subjective; positive; negative; critical; pessimistic; optimistic; approving; disapproving; indifferent; ironic ‎【考例分析】‎ ‎（2016天津C）In the kitchen of my mother’s houses there has always been a wooden stand（木架）with a small notepad（记事本）and a hole for a pencil.‎ I’m looking for paper on which to note down the name of a book I am recommending to my mother. Over forty years since my earliest memories of the kitchen pad and pencil, five houses later, the current paper and pencil look the same as they always did. Surely it can’t be the same pencil? The pad is more modern, but the wooden stand is definitely the original one.‎ ‎“I’m just amazed you still have the same stand for holding the pad and pencil after all these years.” I say to her, walking back into the living-room with a sheet of paper and the pencil. “You still use a pencil. Can’t you afford a pen?”‎ My mother replies a little sharply. “It works perfectly well. I’ve always kept the stand in the kitchen. I never knew when I might want to note down an idea, and I was always in the kitchen in these days.”‎ ‎47．What is the author's original opinion about the wooden stand?‎ A．It has great value for the family.‎ B．It needs to be replaced by a better one.‎ C．It brings her back to her lonely childhood.‎ D．It should be passed on to the next generation.‎ ‎50．In the author's mind，her mother is ______.‎ A．strange in behaviour B．keen on her research C．fond of collecting old things D．careless about her appearance ‎47．B　推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知作者对于妈妈那么多年来一直用同一个木架来装铅笔和记事本感到不可思议，还说 “你就买不起一支钢笔吗” ，由此判断她认为妈妈该把这个旧的木架换掉。‎ ‎50．B　推理判断题。根据末段最后两句话可知。‎ ‎3).How to infer the writing purpose(推断写作目的)‎ C. show Jamie Taylor’s importance D. invite the readers to answer them ‎【写作目的归纳】‎ to entertain readers 娱乐读者，让人发笑,常见于故事类的文章。‎ to persuade readers说服读者接受某种观点,常见于广告类的文章。‎ to inform readers 告知读者某些信息,多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类文章.‎ ‎【考例分析】‎ ‎(2016四川B)Boiler rooms are often dirty and steamy, but this one is clean and cool. Fox Point is a very new47-unit living building in South Bronx, one of the city’s poorest areas. Two-thirds of the people living there are formerly (以前) homeless people, whose rent is paid by the government. The rest are low-income families. The boiler room has special equipment, which produces energy for electricity and heat. It reuses heat that would otherwise be lost to the air, reducing carbon emissions(碳排放)while also cutting costs. ‎ ‎45. What is the purpose of describing the boiler room in the first paragraph?‎ A. To explain the measures the city takes to care for poor people.‎ B. To suggest that affordable housing is possible in all areas.‎ C. To show how the environment-friendly building works.‎ D. To compare old and new boiler rooms.‎ ‎【解析】文中介绍了一种政府倡导的、节能的、运作成本低的新型房屋。‎ ‎45．C推理判断题。文中第一段介绍了这种环保建筑是怎样起作用的，为下文说明这种建筑被广泛应用埋下了伏笔。‎ ‎4).How to infer the structure and organization(推断文脉关系)‎ ‎【Question forms】‎ The next paragraph would most probably deal with _______‎ The paragraph preceding this one would most likely discuss ______.‎ ‎【解题技巧】‎ 推测下文的内容：推断下文要注意最后一段的内容。‎ 推测上文的内容：关注第一段，特别是开始几句话。‎ ‎【考例分析】‎ ‎(2015湖北B) In this article, I'll describe three no-win situations that commonly arise between teens and parents and then suggest some ways out of the trap. The first no-win situation is quarrels over unimportant things. Examples include the color of the teen’s hair, the cleanliness of the bedroom, the preferred style of clothing, the child's failure to eat a good breakfast before school, or his tendency to sleep until noon on the weekends. Second, blaming. The goal of a blaming battle is to make the other admit that his bad attitude is the reason why everything goes wrong. Third, needing to be right. It doesn’t matter what the topic is— politics, the laws of physics, or the proper way to break an egg—the point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong, for both wish to be considered an authority — someone who actually knows something —and therefore to command respect. Unfortunately, as long as parents and teens continue to assume that they ‎ know more than the other, they'll continue to fight these battles forever and never make any real progress.‎ ‎58. What will the author most probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?‎ A. Causes for the parent-teen conflicts.‎ B. Examples of the parent-teen war.‎ C. Solutions for the parent-teen problems.‎ D. Future of the parent-teen relationship.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了父母和青少年子女之间发生冲突的问题，并且分析了发生冲突的主要原因。‎ ‎58．C 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可知，本文要介绍家长与孩子间没有赢家的三种情况，并提出走出困境的建议。而第三段仅介绍了三种情况，因此第四段应介绍解决双方冲突的一些方法。故C项正确。‎ 三、【考点在线】‎ 推理判定题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，把握文章的真正内涵。①要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础；②要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表入里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从非凡到一般，通过分析、综合、判定等，进行深层处理，符合逻辑地推理。不能就是论事，断章取义，以偏概全。③要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知。立足现在，猜测未来。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点；④要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调，揣摸作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。‎ 考点一、细节推断题 要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判定。 ‎【例题】 ‎ A visitor visits an island where two tribes live. One tribe always tells the truth and the other always lies. The truth tellers live on the western side of the island, and those who lie live on the eastern side. The visitor wants to determine whether the native beside him is a truth teller or not by asking only one question. He asks the native,“Go and ask the native in the distance which side of the island he lives on.” When the messenger returns, he says, "He said he lives on the western side of the island." Is the messenger a truth teller or not? How can the visitor be sure? ‎1. According to the messenger's answer, the visitor can conclude that_______________ A. The messenger lives on the western side of the island because he tells the truth. B. the messenger lives on the eastern side of the island because his answer ‎ may be a lie.‎ C. it's hard to determine whether the messenger is a truth teller or not.‎ D. the messenger probably lives in the western side of the island because his answer may be true. ‎ ‎2. The native in the distance says he lives on the western side of the island. According to his answer, which conclusion of the following is wrong? A. He may live on the eastern side of the island.  B. He may live on the western side of the island. C. He may be telling the truth. D. He can't be telling the truth.‎ 解析: 第1题是推测有关信使（近处的当地人）的情况的。我们知道，讲真话的部落住在岛的西部，撒谎的部落住在岛的东部。这个信使去问远方的当地人住在岛的哪一边（东部还是西部）。远方的当地人只能有两种情况，要么住在岛的西部，要么住在岛的东部。假如他住在岛的西部，他就是一个讲真话的人，他就会如实回答他住在西部。假如他住在岛的东部，他就是一个撒谎的人。他本来住在东部，但在回答时，必须要说谎，他只能回答他住在西部。所以远方的当地人不管是住在东部还是西部，他的回答只有一个：“我住在西部”。假如信使告诉参观者远方的当地人住在西部，信使无疑是说了真话，那么信使一定是住在岛的西部。反之，假如信使告诉参观者远方的当地人住在东部，那么信使就说了假话，信使肯定住在东部。故此题答案是A。 第2题是推测远方的当地人的情况的。从短文提供的信息来看，我们无法判定远方的当地是住在岛的东部还是岛的西部，两种情况都是可能存在的。此题要留意情态动词的语气。A.“他可能住在岛的西部”;B.“他可能住在岛的东部”;C.“他可能讲了真话”。上述A、B、C三种情况都是可能的。D.“他不可能讲真话”，语气太绝对。推测错误。故答案为D。 考点二、因果推断题 要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因。考生要正确把握文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义。 When the young waitress near my house started saying hello to me every day, I was very happy. She was at least fifteen years younger than I. One day she signed me to come near. When I walked over, she asked,“Are you single?" “Why, yes." I answered, smiling at her happily. ‎ “So is my mother." she said, “Would you like to meet her?" ‎1. The writer talked about the waitress' age because he thought___________.‎ A. she was young B. it a pleasure to make friends with her. C. she was beautiful D. it strange for her to fall in love with him ‎2. The waitress said hello to the writer every day because___________. A. she lived near his house B. he often went to visit her mother C. she wanted to be friendly with him D. she loved him very much. 解析:‎ ‎ 这是两道推测原因的题目。女服务员天天向作者示好，作者产生误解，以为女孩对他有意。考虑到他们年龄相差悬殊，作者认为女孩爱上他有点希奇。故第1题答案是D。女孩问作者是否单身，并提到她母亲也是单身，并邀请他与她母亲见面，可见，女孩天天向他问好，目的是想取得他的好感，进而搓和他和她母亲。第2题答案是C。 The entertainment profession or “show business" attracts many young people. Unfortunately, only very few can hope to become famous and successful. Talent is not enough, because show business is as competitive as any other business .Without a good manager ,a performer can never hope to succeed .Fashion is important in this business, too. The best tailor in the world will never be a success if he makes old-fashioned clothes. In exactly the same way, a performer must change his “act" in order to follow the taste of the moment. This is true for actors, dancers and comedians, but perhaps most of all singers. ‎“Pop" stands for “popular" and a pop singer has to work very hard to become popular .He must either give the public what they already want, or he must find a new way of singing that will attract their attention. Even when he has succeeded, and his records are sold everywhere, he can not relax. Then he must work harder than ever because there are always younger singers trying to become famous and to steal some of the popularity. The life of a successful pop singer is not at all easy. He can only relax when he is alone, because everything he does is watched and reported in the special newspaper written for the “fans”. The fans are the most important people in the world for the singers. They buy his records, they go to his concerts and they make him rich and famous. But they can be very annoying, too. Sometimes their enthusiasm get so hysterical that they do anything to get a “souvenir"（纪念品）. They steal handkerchiefs, they tear off buttons, and they even cut off pieces of the unfortunate singer's hair. Many singers have been forced to hide. A pop singer has to spend a lot of money on clothes, because he must always look smart or at any rate different. He must have a luxurious car. And — most important — he must always keep smiling for the benefit of his public. ‎1. Why must a pop singer have a good manager?____ _______. A. To protect him from his fans B. To look after his business interests C. To help him to change his “act" D .So that he can relax ‎2. Why must a pop singer work even harder when he has become famous?___________ A. Because he wants to attract the attention of the public  B. Because he wants to sell more records  C. Because he wants to become popular  ‎ D. Because he wants to stay popular ‎ 解析: 1. 答案为B。因果推断题。根据Talent is not enough, because show business is as competitive as any other business. Without a good manager, a performer can never hope to succeed ‎ .我们可以知道，正因为这个行业竞争激烈，所以表演者需要一个好的经纪人。帮助演员策划和安排商业表演活动，协助他的演艺事业的发展。故B项正确。 ‎2. 答案为D。因果推断题。Then he must work harder than ever because there are always younger singers trying to become famous and to steal some of the popularity. 一个成名演员要更加努力地工作，直接原因文中已有论述，即，表演行业是个竞争十分激烈的行业，新人不断涌现，对成名演员造成很大的压力。那么间接原因是什么？通过前面的分析我们可以推断出成名演员更加买力地工作，是因为他要保持他的名气，延长他的艺术生命。 Once Napoleon stayed in a small inn. The next morning, he went to thank the innkeeper. “You, have served me well, innkeeper, “said Napoleon. “I wish to reward you. Tell me what you want."  “Sir, we want nothing, “said the innkeeper. “But will you tell us something?" “What is it?" Napoleon asked.  ‎ “We have heard a story." said the innkeeper, “that once during the war, a small village was taken by the Russians. You happened to be in the village. You hid while they looked for you. Will you tell us how you felt when they were looking for you?" Napoleon looked very angry. He called in two of his soldiers. Then he pointed to the door. The soldiers took the innkeeper and his wife out into the yard.  At the end of the yard was a wall. The innkeeper and his wife were led to the wall. The soldiers tied the hands of the innkeeper and his wife. Napoleon watched, saying nothing.  ‎ “Please, sir." begged the innkeeper, “Don't kill us! we meant nothing!" The soldiers moved back. The innkeeper saw them raising their guns. Then Napoleon called: “Ready! Aim!" The wife screamed. “Stop!" said Napoleon. He went to the innkeeper, “Now, you know the answer to the question you asked me just now, don't you?"  ‎1.Why did the innkeeper ask Napoleon to tell him how Napoleon felt when he was being looked for? ‎ A. He wanted to know the difference between a general and an ordinary people. ‎ B. He looked down upon Napoleon, for he thought a great man shouldn't be defeated.  C. He showed his sympathy (同情) to Napoleon in time of danger.  D. He was interested in others’ failure, especially Napoleon's. ‎ ‎2. Why did Napoleon ordered his men to tie the couple? A. Because he wanted to teach the innkeeper a good lesson for bothering him.‎ B. Because he wanted to kill the couple to get rid of his anger. C. Because he wanted to show that he was so admiring a general that nobody could upset him.‎ D. Because he wanted to made the innkeeper know that a general like him had the same feeling as the ordinary people in face of danger. ‎ 解析: 1. 此题为因果推断题。根据“Sir, we want nothing, " said the innkeeper. “But will you tell us something?"‎ ‎ 可以看出来，这个店老板问拿破仑这个问题是出于好奇。他想知道作为将军的拿破仑与普通人到底有什么区别。故答案为A。‎ ‎2. 因果推断题。从最后一句话“Now, you know the answer to the question you asked me just now, don't you?" 可以看出拿破仑并不想杀这个店老板，他这样做的目的是想让他体验一下他当时的感受。故可推出面对危险像拿破仑这样的将军与普通人没有什么两样。故答案为D。‎ 考点三、人物性格、态度及观点判定题 高考阅读测试中有些是考查考生对作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作者或文中人物态度、观点等方面的理解题。做这一类题时一定要留意：‎ ‎1）由表及里的正确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。 ‎ 2）特殊留意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情、态度观点的词语。要特殊留意作者在文章中的措词，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词。 ‎3）能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。 A well-known old man was being interviewed and was asked if it was correct that he had just celebrated his 99th birthday, “That's right," said the old man. “Ninety-nine years old, and I haven't an enemy in the world. They 're all dead."‎ ‎“Well sir," said the interviewer, “I hope very much to have the honor of interviewing you on your hundredth birthday." The old man looks at the young man closely, and said, “I can't see why you shouldn't. You look fit and healthy to me!" ‎1. What kind of man would you say the old man was? A. He was silly. B. He was unpleasant. C. He was very proud and sure of his health. ‎ D. He was very impolite to young people. 解析: 记者希望在老人100岁生日时能再访老人，希望他能活到100岁。而老人故意歧解记者的话（我看不出你明年为什么不能采访我？你似乎还很健康呀！）表现了老人对自己健康状态的自信。答案为C。 Three men were discussing how to donate(捐献) money to God. At first they couldn't agree with each other, then they each told his own idea. The first man said: “Let's draw a small circle on the ground and throw coins to the ground. The money out of the circle belongs to God." The second man added, “We will donate the coins inside the circle to God because God is in our hearts." The third man said: “Your ideas are not bad, but I have a better idea than yours. Let's throw coins into the sky. The coins that God accepts belong to him. So God can accept as much money as he can." At last, they agreed to the last idea, and they began to throw coins to the sky happily. ‎1. According to the passage, we can draw a conclusion: A. All the three men were kindhearted. B. The third man is more generous than the other two. C. None of them believed in God. ‎ D. Three men are all stingy(吝啬) people.‎ 解析:从三人提的建议看，他们三人都不乐意给上帝捐钱，三人都是吝啬的人，故选D。‎ 考点四、猜测想象推理题 有些内容文章中没有明确说明，要求考生根据语篇，对事件可能的结局或下段可能涉及的内容等进行猜测推理。做这类题时应把握作者的写作思路（如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述），从而作出比较科学的、合情合理的猜测。 We are in the computer age. We often see computers at work. They are especially useful in automatic control, date processing(数据处理) and solving complicated problems. And they are finding their way into the home. The part played by computers is becoming even more important with each passing day. More and cleverer computers will continue to appear. They will run faster, have more functions and work more skillfully. They will take over more tasks from us, helping to change the face of our world. Some people even think that sooner or later computers will replace us. ‎ However… ‎1. Which of the following statements is most likely to be talked about in the third paragraph?  A. Computers will soon stop developing. ‎ B. Computers are as clever as man. C. Many people like computers very much. D.I don't think computers will replace us completely.‎ 解析: 本文采用了对比关系来描写。前面描写了计算机的优势，但作者用 however 一词预示将引出相反的观点，答案为D。 There was ice on the road, and the doctor's car hit a tree and turned over three times. To his surprise, he was not hurt .He got out of the car and walked to the nearest house, he wanted to telephone the garage(汽车修理厂) for help. The door was opened by one of his patients. ‎“Oh, Doctor." she said, “I have only just telephoned you. You must have a very fast car. You have got here very quickly indeed. There has been a very bad accident in the road outside. I saw it through the window. I am sure the driver will need your help". ‎1.Which of the following is the most likely reply the doctor gave the woman patient at the end of the story? A. “Yes, he does need help — your help, not mine." B. “Another accident? I've just had an accident myself?" C. “I got your call and rushed over. I hope I'm not too late." D. “I didn't get your call. But I'm here and hope I can help".‎ 解析: 出事故的车恰恰是医生的车，当他听他的病人说出事司机需要帮助时，他会不失幽默地说：“是的，他需要帮助，是你的帮助，而不是我的帮助”。——他要借用病人家的电话给修车厂打电话。答案是A。 考点五、写作意图推测题 此题型要求考生根据文章的论述，推测作者的写作意图及运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实和形象，客观地使读者信服某种想法或意见。这种题型要求同学们不但能理解文章的内容，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的写作方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。 Imagine that the genome(基因组) is a book. The book consists of 23 chapters with thousands of stories made up of paragraphs, words and letters on different levels. There are one billion words in the book, which makes it longer than 5,000 volumes the size of this book, or as long as 800 Bibles. If I read the genome out to you at the rate of one word per second for eight hours a day, it would take me a century. If I wrote out the human genome, one letter per millimeter, my text would be as long as the River Danube. ‎1. The real purpose of the author's comparison of the genome to a book is___________. A. to focus on the differences between the two B. to lay emphasis on the similarities between the two C. to simplify the concept of the human genome D. to give an exact description of the human genome 解析: “基因组”是一个非常抽象难懂的科学术语。作者在这里把“基因组”比作一本书，使一般读者能通俗形象地了解“基因组”的概念。故答案为C。 Beldon and Canfield are two seashore towns, not far apart. Both towns have many hotels, and in summer the hotels are full of holidaymakers and other tourists(观光者).‎ Last August there was a fire at the Seabreeze Hotel in Beldon. The next day, this news appeared on page two of the town's newspaper. The Beldon Post: ‎ FIRE AT SEABREEZE Late last night firemen hurried to the Seabreeze Hotel and quickly put out a small fire in a bedroom. The hotel manager said that a cigarette started the fire. We say again to all our visitors： “Please don't smoke cigarettes in bed.”This was Beldon's first hotel fire for five years.  ‎ The Canfield Times gave the news in these words on page one： ‎ ANOTHER BELDON HOTEL CATCHES FIRE ‎ Last night Beldon firemen arrived just too late to save clothing, bedclothes and some furniture at the Seabreeze Hotel. An angry holidaymaker said, “An electric lamp probably started the fire. The bedroom lamps are very old at some of these hotels. When I put my bedside light on, I heard a funny noise from the lamp.[来源:]‎ ‎“We are glad to tell our readers that this sort of adventure does not happen in Canfield.  What are the facts, then? It is never easy to find out the exact truth about an accident. There was a fire at the Seabreeze Hotel last August:‎ ‎ that is one fact. Do we know anything else? Yes, we know that firemen went to the hotel.  ‎ Now what do you think of the rest of the “news" ? ‎1.The Canfield Times used the headline(标题)like this in order to make its readers think _______. ‎ A. hotels in Beldon often catch fire. ‎ B. hotels in Beldon don't often catch fire. C. this was the second fire at the Seabreeze Hotel. D. Beldon was a good place except that hotels there are not quite safe 解析: 答案为 A。作者意图推断题。本文通过两个对手城市的报纸对同一件火灾事故的不同报道，对新闻报道的真实性提出了怀疑。ANOTHER BELDON HOTEL CATCHES FIRE中ANOTHER是个要害词，暗示了Beldon的宾馆火灾频繁。‎ 四、【易错点睛】‎ 在做阅读理解的过程中，同学们由于受到各种情况的影响，常会出现这样或那样的错误，导致失分。通过分析发现，失分点主要有：‎ 易错点、没有根据文章中的有效信息进行合理推断 It was the first mow of winter -- an exciting day for every, child but not for most tether. Up until now, l had been able to dress myself for recess(课间休息), but today I would need some help. Miss Finlayson, my kindergarten teacher at Princess Elizabeth School near Hamilton, Ontario, had been through first snow days ,tony times in her long career, but I think struggled still remember this one.‎ ‎ I managed to get into my wool snow pants. But I straggled with my jacket because it didn’t fit well. It was a hand-me-down from my brother, and it made me wonder why I had to wear his ugly clothes. At least my hat and matching scarf were mine, and they were quite pretty. Finally it was time to have Miss Finlayson help me with my boots. In her calm, motherly voice she said, "By the end of winter, you will be able to put on own boots. “ I didn’t realize at the time that this was more a statement of hope than of confidence.‎ ‎ I handed her my boots and stuck out my foot. Like most children, I expected the adult to do an the work. After mush wiggling and pushing, she managed to get first one into place and then, with a sigh, worked the second one on too.‎ I announced，“They’re on the wrong feet．”With the grace that only experience can bring，she struggled to get the boots off and went through the joyless task of putting them on again．Then I said，“These aren’t my boots．you know．”As she pulled the offending boots from my feet，she still managed to look both helpful and interested．Once they were off．I said，“They are my brother’s boots．My mother makes me wear them，and I hate them!” Somehow，from long years of practice，she managed to act as though I wasn’t an annoying little girl．She pushed and shoved．less gently this time，and the boots were returned to their proper ‎ place on my feet．With a great sigh of relief，seeing the end of her struggle with me，she asked，“Now，where are your gloves?’’‎ ‎ I looked into her eyes and said．“I didn’t want to lose them．so I put them into the toes of my boots．”‎ ‎61．What made it so hard for the teacher to help the little girl put her boots on?‎ A．The gloves in the toes of the boots． B．The slowness of the teacher．‎ C．The wrong size of the boots． D．The unwillingness of the girl．‎ ‎【解析】考生容易误选D项，认为作者不愿意穿她哥哥的靴子而导致老师帮她穿靴子很难，这是一种主观臆断。因为尽管作者不愿意穿她哥哥留给她的靴子，但是老师在给她穿的时候，她并没有反抗，所以这不是穿靴子困难的原因，其原因是作者把手套放在靴子里面了。‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【易错点睛】做推理判断题应该注意以下几点：‎ ‎ (1)要判断有据，推论有理，忠于原文。切忌主观臆断。‎ ‎ (2)要全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。‎ ‎ (3)要善于揣摩作者的写作思路，尽可能与作者的思路吻合。‎ ‎ (4)不可直接选取文中的原句。‎ ‎【示例】‎ Have you ever used solar energy to boil a bottle of water or take a shower? Have you ever thought that solar energy is far away from our daily lives? You may doubt about that. In Japan, there is a wonderful program of Solar City. ‎ ‎    Solar City is located 80,000 meters northwest of Tokyo, among the strawberry fields. This is one of Japan’s sunniest places. Solar City covers about 410,000 square meters. Seventy-five percent of the homes there are covered by solar panels. The government has provided people there with the solar panels for free. In addition, the government has paid 9.7 billion yen to study how to make full use of solar energy. A number of solar energy companies have also given money to help this program. ‎ ‎    People living in Solar City think using solar panels is a good way to save money. However, saving money is not the only reason why people are moving into this city. "We moved here because of the panels. It was something we wanted,” said Mika Hiroshima. She moved to Solar City with her husband and two little children about four years ago.‎ ‎    It is well known that Japan is a country that is short of energy, but the Solar City program has brought hope for the country. "People want solar energy,” said an official of Solar City. Actually in Solar City, there are 550 families making use of solar energy at the moment. All of them say that they want to keep using solar energy even after the program ends in 2010. In sunny days, solar panels are able to provide more than enough energy for a normal family. However, the solar panels are not that ‎ useful in cloudy days. Despite this, Solar City is still a wonderful program because it inspires people to wisely use the limited energy. ‎ ‎3. It can be inferred from the passage that _________.‎ ‎ A. Japan is a country which is lacking in energy ‎ B. the solar panels are only useful in sunny days ‎ C. the Solar City program will be successful ‎ D. Solar City is a very modern big city 五、【高考母题】‎ ‎（ 2016高考英语江苏卷B）‎ It is reported that conservation groups in North America have been arguing about the benefits and dangers of wolves. Some groups believe wolves should be killed. Other people believe wolves Must be protected so that they will not disappear from the wilderndss(荒野)‎ For Killing Wolves In Alaska，the wolf almost disappeared a few years ago，because hunters were killing hundreds of them for sport .However．1aws were established to protect the wolves from sportsmen and people who catch the animals for their fur．So the woIf population has greatly increased. Now there are so many wolves that they are destroying their own food supply．‎ A wolf naturally eats animals in the deer family. People in the wilderness also hunt deer for food．Many of the animals have been destroyed by the very cold winters recently and by changes in the wilderness plant life．When the deer can’t find enough food，they die．‎ If the wolves continue to kill large numbers of deer，their prey(猎物)will disappear some day．And the wolves will．too．So we must change the cycle of life in the wilderness to balance the ecology．If we killed more wolves，we would save them and their prey from dying out．We’d also save some farm animals．‎ In another northern state，wolves attack cows and chickens for food．Farmers want the government to send biologists to study the problem．They believe it necessary to kill wolves in some areas and to protect them in places where there is a small woIf population．‎ Against Killing Wolves If you had lived long ago，you would have heard many different stories about the dangerous wolf．According to most stories，hungry wolves often kill people for food．Even today，the stories of the“big bad woIf'＂will not disappear．‎ But the fact is wolves are afraid of people．and they seldom travel in areas where there is a human smell．When wolves eat other animals，they usually kill the very young．or the sick and injured .The strongest survive .No kind of animal would have survived through the centuries if the weak members had lived．And has always been a law of nature Although some people say it is good sense to kill wolves，we say it is nonsense!Researchers have found wolves and their prey living in balance．The wolves keep the deer population from becoming too large,and that keeps a balance in the wilderness plant life．‎ The real problem is that the areas where wolves can live are being used bv people．Even if wilderness land is not used directly for human needs．the wolves can’t always find enough food .So they travel to the nearest source,which is often a farm．Then there is danger．The“big bad wolf”has arrived! And everyone knows what happens next．‎ ‎60．According to the passage，some people in North America favor killing wolves for all the following reasons EXCET that ．‎ A．there are too many wolves B．they kill large numbers deer C．they attack cows and chickens for food D．they destroy the wilderness plant life ‎61．Some people are against killing wolves because ．‎ A．wolves help to keep the ecological balance in the wilderness B．there is too small a wolf population in the wilderness C．there are too many deer in the wilderness D．wolves are afraid of people and never attack people ‎62．According to those against killing wolves，when wolves eat other animals， ．‎ A．they never eat strong and healthy ones B．they always go against the law of nature C．they might help this kind of animals survive in nature D．they disturb the ecological balance in the wilderness ‎63．The last sentence“And everyone knows what happens next”implies that in such cases ．‎ A．farm animals will be in danger and have to be shipped away B．wolves will kill people and people will in turn kill them C．wolves will find enough food sources on females D．people will leave the areas where wolves can live ‎（ 2017高考英语大纲全国II卷A）‎ When I was six, Dad brought home a dog one day, who was called “Brownie”, My brothers and I all loved Brownie and did different things with her. One of us would walk her, another would feed her ,then there were baths, playing catch and many other games .Brownie, in return, loved each and every one of us. One thing that most touched my heart was that she would go to whoever was sick and just be with them. We always felt better when she was around.‎ One days, as I was getting her food, she chewed up(咬破) one of Dad’s shoes, which had to be thrown away in the end. I knew Dad would be mad and I had to let her know what she did was Wrong. When I looked at her and said, “Bad girl.” She looked down at ‎ the ground and then went and hid. I saw a tear in her eyes.‎ Brownie turned out to be more than just our family pet. She went everywhere with us.‎ People would stop and ask if they could pet her. Of course she'd let anyone pet her. She was just the most lovable dog. There were many dines when we'd be out walking and a small child would come over and pull on her hair. She never barked (吠) or tried to get away. Funny thing is she would smile. This frightened people because they thought she was showing her teeth. Far from the truth, she loved everyone.‎ Now many years have passed since Brownie died of old age. I still miss the days when she was with us.‎ ‎41. What would Brownie do when someone was ill in the family?‎ A. Look at them sadly. B. Keep them company.‎ C. Play games with them. D. Touch them gently.‎ ‎42. We can infer from Paragraph 2 that Brownie __‎ A. would eat anything when hungry B. felt scary for her mistake C. loved playing hide-and-seek D. disliked the author's dad ‎43. Why does the author say that Browrnie was more than just a family pet?‎ A. She was treated as a member of the family.‎ B. She played games with anyone she liked.‎ C. She was loved by everybody she met.‎ D. She went everywhere with the family.‎ ‎44. Some people got frightened by Brownie when she A. smiled B. barked C. rushed to them D. tried to be funny ‎45. Which of the following best describes Brownie?‎ A. Shy. B. Polite. C. Brave. D. Caring.‎ ‎【答案】BBCAD ‎【解析】狗是人类忠实的朋友。一只非常善解人意的狗给作者的家人带来了无比的温暖，也给众人带来了无穷的欢乐。如今，作者仍然很怀念那只狗。‎ ‎41．B细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句中的内容可知当家人生病的时候，她都会去陪伴他们。‎ ‎42．B推理判断题。它咬破了作者父亲的一只鞋，听到作者的话后低下了头并躲藏起来，眼睛中还含着泪水，由此可推断B项正确。‎ ‎43．C推理判断题。从文章第三段内容可知，她不仅仅是作者一家人的宠物，任何人都可以抚摸她。‎ ‎44．A细节理解题。第三段后半部分提到当她露出牙齿的时候，一些人感到害怕，而实际上她是在“微笑”。‎ ‎45．D推理判断题。第一段中提到她爱家中的每一个人，第二段叙述的是她做错事后的愧疚，第三段描述的是她与众人友好相处，所以D项最能描述她的特点。‎ ‎（2016天津C）In the kitchen of my mother's houses there has always been a wooden stand(木架)with a small notepad(记事本)and a hole for a pencil.‎ I'm looking for paper on which to note down the name of a book I am recommending to my mother.Over forty years since my earliest memories of the kitchen pad and pencil，five houses later，the current paper and pencil look the same as they always did.Surely it can't be the same pencil？The pad is more modern，but the wooden stand is definitely the original one.‎ ‎ “I'm just amazed you still have the same stand for holding the pad and pencil after all these years.” I say to her，walking back into the livingroom with a sheet of paper and the pencil. “You still use a pencil.Can't you afford a pen？” ‎ My mother replies a little sharply, “It works perfectly well.I've always kept the stand in the kitchen.I never knew when I might want to note down an idea，and I was always in the kitchen in those days.” ‎ Immediately I can picture her，hair wild，blue housecoat covered in flour，a wooden spoon in one hand，the pencil in the other，her mouth moving silently.My mother smiles and says, “One day I was cooking and watching baby Pauline，and I had a brilliant thought，but the stand was empty.One of the children must have taken the paper.So I just picked up the breadboard and wrote it all down on the back.It turned out to be a real breakthrough for solving the mathematical problem I was working on.” ‎ This story—which happened before I was born—reminds me how extraordinary my mother was，and is，as a gifted mathematician.I feel embarrassed that I complain about not having enough childfree time to work.Later，when my mother is in the bathroom，I go into her kitchen and turn over the breadboards.Sure enough，on the back of the smallest one，are some penciled marks I recognize as mathematics.Those symbols have travelled unaffected through fifty years，rooted in the soil of a cheap wooden breadboard，invisible(看不到的)exhibits at every meal.‎ ‎46．Why has the author's mother always kept the notepad and pencil in the kitchen?‎ A．To leave messages.‎ B．To list her everyday tasks.‎ C．To note down maths problems.‎ D．To write down a flash of inspiration.‎ ‎47．What is the author's original opinion about the wooden stand?‎ A．It has great value for the family.‎ B．It needs to be replaced by a better one.‎ C．It brings her back to her lonely childhood.‎ D．It should be passed on to the next generation.‎ ‎48．The author feels embarrassed for ______.‎ A．blaming her mother wrongly B．giving her mother a lot of trouble C．not making good use of time as her mother did D．not making any breakthrough in her field ‎49．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?‎ A．The mother is successful in her career.‎ B．The family members like travelling.‎ C．The author had little time to play when young.‎ D．The marks on the breadboard have disappeared.‎ ‎50．In the author's mind，her mother is ______.‎ A．strange in behaviour B．keen on her research C．fond of collecting old things D．careless about her appearance ‎46．D　细节理解题。根据第四段的“I never knew when I might want to note down an idea” 可知。‎ ‎47．B　推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知作者对于妈妈那么多年来一直用同一个木架来装铅笔和记事本感到不可思议，还说 “你就买不起一支钢笔吗” ，由此判断她认为妈妈该把这个旧的木架换掉。‎ ‎48．C　细节理解题。根据末段的 “I feel embarrassed that I complain about not having enough childfree time to work.” 可知。‎ ‎49．A　推理判断题。根据末段首句 “...how extraordinary my mother was，and is，as a gifted mathematician.” 可知。‎ ‎50．B　推理判断题。根据末段最后两句话可知。‎ ‎(2015高考英语四川卷B)Boiler rooms are often dirty and steamy, but this one is clean and cool. Fox Point is a very new47-unit living building in South Bronx, one of the city’s poorest areas. Two-thirds of the people living there are formerly (以前) homeless people, whose rent is paid by the government. The rest are low-income families. The boiler room has special equipment, which produces energy for electricity and heat. It reuses heat that would otherwise be lost to the air, reducing carbon emissions(碳排放)while also cutting costs.‎ Fox Point is operated by Palladia, a group that specializes in providing housing and services to needy, people. Palladia received support from Enterprise Community Partners (ECP), which helps build affordable housing by providing support to housing developers.‎ ECP has created national standards for healthy, environmentally (环境方面) clever and affordable homes which are called, the Green Communities Standards. These standards include water keeping, energy saving and the use of environmentally friendly building materials. Meeting the standards increases housing construction costs by 2%, which is rapidly paid back by lower running costs. Even the positioning of a window to get most daylight can help save energy.‎ Michael. Bloomberg, New York's mayor, plans to create 165,000 affordable housing units for500,000 New Yorkers. Almost 80% of New York City’s greenhouse-gas emissions come from buildings, and 40% of those ‎ are caused, by housing. So he recently announced that the city’s Department of Housing and Preservation and Development (DHPD) , whose duty is to develop and keep the city’s supply of affordable housing, will require all its new projects to follow ECP’s green standards.‎ Similar measures have been taken by other cities such as Cleveland and Denver, but New York’s DHPD is the largest city developer of affordable housing in the country.‎ ‎45. What is the purpose of describing the boiler room in the first paragraph?‎ A. To explain the measures the city takes to care for poor people.‎ B. To suggest that affordable housing is possible in all areas.‎ C. To show how the environment-friendly building works.‎ D. To compare old and new boiler rooms.‎ ‎46. What is an advantage of the buildings meeting the Green Communities Standards?‎ A. Lower running costs.‎ B. Costing less in construction.‎ C. Less air to be lost in hot days.‎ D. Better prices for homeless people.‎ ‎47. It can be learned from the text that,‎ A. New York City is seriously polluted B. people’s daily life causes many carbon emissions in New York City C. a great number of people in New York City don't have houses to live in D. some other cities have developed more affordable housing than New York City ‎48. What is the main purpose of this text?‎ A. To call on people to pay more attention to housing problems.‎ B. To prove that some standards are needed for affordable housing.‎ C. To ask society to help homeless people and low-income families.‎ D. To introduce healthy, environmentally clever-and affordable housing.‎ ‎【答案】CABD ‎【解析】文中介绍了一种政府倡导的、节能的、运作成本低的新型房屋。‎ ‎45．C推理判断题。文中第一段介绍了这种环保建筑是怎样起作用的，为下文说明这种建筑被广泛应用埋下了伏笔。‎ ‎46．A细节理解题。由第三段信息“… increases housing construction costs by 2%, which is rapidly paid back by lower running costs.”可推知，环保建筑的优势是运作成本较低。‎ ‎47．B细节理解题。由第四段信息“Almost 80% of New York City’s greenhouse-gas emissions come from buildings, and 40% of those are caused, by housing..”可知答案为B。‎ ‎48．D主旨大意题。文章比较客观地介绍了一种健康的、环保的、人们有能力购买的房屋。‎ ‎（ 2015高考英语湖北卷B）For many parents, raising a teenager is like fighting a long war, but years go by without any clear winner. Like a border conflict between neighboring countries, the parent-teen war is about boundaries: Where is the line between what I control and what you do？‎ Both sides want peace, but neither feels it has any power to stop the conflict. In part, this is because neither is willing to admit any responsibility for starting it. From the parents’ point of view, the only cause of their fight is their adolescents’ complete unreasonableness. And of course, the teens see it in exactly the same way, except oppositely. Both feel trapped.‎ In this article, I’ll describe three no-win situations that commonly arise between teens and parents and then suggest some ways out of the trap. The first no-win situation is quarrels over unimportant things. Examples include the color of the teen’s hair, the cleanliness of the bedroom, the preferred style of clothing, the child’s failure to eat a good breakfast before school, or his tendency to sleep until noon on the weekends.‎ Second, blaming. The goal of a blaming battle is to make the other admit that his bad attitude is the reason why everything goes wrong. Third, needing to be right. It doesn’t matter what the topic is— politics, the laws of physics, or the proper way to break an egg—the point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong, for both wish to be considered an authority — someone who actually knows something —and therefore to command respect. Unfortunately, as long as parents and teens continue to assume that they know more than the other, they’ll continue to fight these battles forever and never make any real progress.‎ ‎55. Why does the author compare the parent-teen war to a border conflict?‎ A. Both can continue for generations.‎ B. Both are about where to draw the line.‎ C. Neither has any clear winner.‎ D. Neither can be put to an end.‎ ‎56. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean?‎ A. The teens blame their parents for starting the conflict.‎ B. The teens agree with their parents on the cause of the conflict.‎ C. The teens accuse their parents of misleading them.‎ D. The teens tend to have a full understanding of their parents.‎ ‎57. Parents and teens want to be right because they want to ____‎ A. give orders to the other B. know more than the other C. gain respect from the other D. get the other to behave properly ‎58. What will the author most probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?‎ A. Causes for the parent-teen conflicts.‎ B. Examples of the parent-teen war.‎ C. Solutions for the parent-teen problems.‎ D. Future of the parent-teen relationship.‎ ‎【答案】BACC ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了父母和青少年子女之间发生冲突的问题，并且分析了发生冲突的主要原因。‎ ‎55．B细节理解题。根据第一段中的Like a border conflict between neighboring countries, the parent-teen war is about boundaries: Where is the line between what I control and what you do？可以看出，二者都涉及界限划分的问题。‎ ‎56．A句意理解题。前面的n part, this is because neither is willing to admit any responsibility for starting it.指出，双方都不愿意为发生冲突承担责任，接着讲述了父母们的看法，画线句说到孩子与父母的看法相同，只不过方向相反，他们认为是父母的”无理”导致了冲突。‎ ‎57．C细节理解题。根据最后一段中的for both wish to be considered an authority — someone who actually knows something —and therefore to command respect.可确定C项是正确的。‎ ‎58．C 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可知，本文要介绍家长与孩子间没有赢家的三种情况，并提出走出困境的建议。而第三段仅介绍了三种情况，因此第四段应介绍解决双方冲突的一些方法。故C项正确。‎ ‎（ 2016高考英语天津卷B）Why play games? Because they are fun, and a 1ot more besides. Following the rules…planning your next move...acting as a team member…these are all “game” ideas that you will come across throughout your life.‎ Think about some off the games you played as a young child, such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek. Such games are entertaining and fun. But perhaps more importantly, they translate life into exciting dramas that teach children some of the basic rules they will be expected to follow the rest of their lives, such as taking turns and cooperating (合作) .‎ Many children’s games have a practical side Children around the world play games that prepare them for work they will do as grown-ups. For instance, some Saudi Arabian children play a game called bones. Which sharpens the hand-eye coordination（协调）needed in hunting.‎ Many sports encourage national or local pride. The most famous games of all, the Olympic Games, bring athletes from around the world together to take part in friendly competition. People who watch the event wave flags, knowing that a gold medal is a win for an entire country, not just the athlete who earned it. For countries experiencing natural disasters or war, an Olympic win can mean so much.‎ Sports are also an event that unites people. Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. People on all continents play it—some for fun and some for a living. Nicolette Iribarne, a Californian soccer player, has discovered a way to spread hope through soccer. He created a foundation ‎ to provide poor children with not only soccer balls but also a promising future.‎ Next time you play your favorite game or sport, think about why you enjoy it, what skills are needed, and whether these skills will help you in other aspects of your life.‎ ‎41. Through playing hide-and-seek, children are expected to learn to ________.‎ A. be a team leader B. obey the basic rules C. act as a grown-up D. predict possible danger ‎42. The underlined part in Paragraph 2 most probably means that games can________.‎ A. describe life in an exciting way B. turn real-life experiences into a play C. make learning life skills more interesting D. change people’s views of sporting events ‎43. According to the passage, why is winning Olympic medals so encouraging?‎ A. It inspires people’s deep love for the country.‎ B. It proves the exceptional skills of the winners.‎ C. It helps the country out of natural disasters.‎ D. It earns the winners fame and fortune.‎ ‎44. Iribarne’s goal of forming the foundation is to _______.‎ A. bring fun to poor kids B. provide soccer balls for children C. give poor kids a chance for a better life D. appeal to soccer players to help poor kids ‎45．What can be inferred from the passage?‎ A．Gamed benefit people all their lives.‎ B．Sports can get all athletes together.‎ C．People are advised to play games for fun.‎ D．Sports increase a country’s competitiveness.‎ ‎【答案】BCACA ‎【文章大意】这是一篇议论文，论述体育活动带给孩子们的各种好处。‎ ‎41．B细节理解题。依据第二段最后一句话可知，通过玩捉迷藏等游戏，孩子们学会遵守一些基本的规则，例如轮流做事和合作。‎ ‎42．C语义理解题。依据第二段后面的内容推断，游戏最重要的作用是演绎人生，学会遵守规则，使学习生活技巧更有趣。故选c项。‎ ‎43．A细节理解题。第四段首句是该段主题句，结合该段内容可推断赢得奥运会比赛能够激发起民族自豪感和爱国热情。‎ ‎44．C推理判断题。依据倒数第二段推断，Iribame创办该基金会的目的是为了孩子们提供足球以及相关培训，希望用足球改变他们的命运，C项正确。‎ ‎45．A推理判断题。本文总体论述体育活动带给孩子们的诸多好处，如教会他们遵守规则、培养自豪感、团结人等，让他们终生受益。‎ ‎（ 2016高考英语重庆卷A）One morning more than thirty years ago, I entered the Track Kitchen, a restaurant where everyone from the humblest(卑微的) to the most powerful came for breakfast. I noticed an empty chair next to an elderly, unshaven man, who looked somewhat disheveled. He was wearing a worn-out hat and was alone. I asked if I might join him. He agreed quietly and I sat down to have my breakfast.‎ We cautiously began a conversation and spoke about a wide rang of things. We never introduced ourselves. I was concerned that he might have no money and not be able to afford something to eat. So as I rose to go back to the counter and buy a second cup of coffee, I asked,‎ ‎“My I get you something ?”‎ ‎“A coffee would be nice.”‎ Then I bought him a cup of coffee, We talked more, and he accepted another cup of coffee, Finally, I rose to leave, wished him well, and headed for the exit. At the door I met one of my friends. He asked,‎ ‎“How did you get to know Mr. Galbreath?”‎ ‎“Who?”‎ ‎“The man you were sitting with. He is chairman of the Board of Churchill Downs.”‎ I could hardly believe it. I was buying, offering a free breakfast, and feeling pity for one of the world’s richest and most powerful men!‎ My few minutes with Mr. Galbreath changed my life. Now I try to treat everyone with respect, no matter who I think they are, and no matter another human being with kindness and sincerity.‎ ‎56. What does the underlined word “disheveled” mean?‎ A. Unfriendly. B. Untidy. C. Gentle. D. Kind.‎ ‎57. The author bought coffee for the old man because A. he thought the old man was poor B. he wanted to start a conversation C. he intended to show his politeness D. he would like to thank the old man ‎58. How did the author probably feel after he talked with his friend?‎ A. Proud. B. Pitiful. C. Surprised. D. Regretful ‎59. What is the message mainly expressed in the story?‎ A. We should learn to be generous.‎ B. It is honorable to help those in need.‎ C. People in high positions are not like what we expect.‎ D. We should avoid judging people by their appearances.‎ ‎【答案】BACD ‎【文章大意】古语有云：人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。对待所有的人我们都应秉持相同的尺度，都应心存敬畏，心怀善意，不应凭衣着、外貌．识人、断人。‎ ‎56．B词义猜测题。由关键词unshaven，worn-out等可推知B项切题。‎ ‎57．A细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“I was concerned that he might haveno money and not be able to afford something to eat．”可知，作者给他买咖啡的原因是作者认为他很穷。‎ ‎58．C推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“I could hardly believe it．”可推知作者感到很惊讶。‎ ‎59．D主旨大意题。文章最后一段为点题段，由本段内容可知，作者旨在告诉人们对任何人都要真诚、友好，即不要以貌取人。‎ ‎（ 2016高考英语广东卷B） When something goes wrong, it can be very satisfying to say, "Well, it’s so-and-so’s fault. "or "I know I’m late, but it’s not my fault; the car broke down. " It is probably not your fault, but once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation, you are a loser. You have no power and could do nothing that helps change the situation. However, you can have great power over what happens to you if you stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to remedy the situation. This is the winner’s key to success.‎ Winners are great at overcoming problems. For example, if you were late because your car broke down, maybe you need to have your car examined more regularly. Or, you might start to carry along with you the useful phone numbers, so you could call for help when in need. For another example, if your colleague causes you problems on the job for lack of responsibility or ability, find ways of dealing with his irresponsibility or inability rather than simply blame the person. Ask to work with a different person, or don’t rely on this person. You should accept that the person is not reliable and find creative ways to work successfully regardless of how your colleague fails to do his job well.‎ This is what being a winner is all about-creatively using your skills and talents so that you are successful no matter what happens. Winners don’t have fewer problems in their lives; they have just as many difficult situation to face as anybody else. They are just better at seeing those problems as challenges and opportunities to develop their own talents. So, stop focusing on "whose fault it is. " Once you are confident about your power over bad situations, problems are just stepping stones for success.‎ ‎46. According to the passage, winners .‎ A. deal with problems rather than blame others B. meet with fewer difficulties in their byes C. have responsible and able colleagues D. blame themselves rather than others ‎47. The underlined word remedy in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to .‎ A. avoid B. accept C. impure D. Consider ‎48. When your colleague brings about a problem, you should .‎ A. find a better way to handle the problem B. blame him for his lack of responsibility C. tell him to find the cause of the problem D. ask a more able colleague for help ‎49. When problems occur, winners take them as .‎ A. excuses for their failures B. barriers to greater power C. challenges to their colleagues D. chances for self-development ‎50. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?‎ A. A Winner’s Secret.‎ B. A Winner’s Problem.‎ C. A Winner’s Opportunity.‎ D. A Winner’s Achievement.‎ ‎【答案】ACADA ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。遇到困难或失败时一味地怨天尤人于事无补，成功的人总能把困难或挫折看成是提高自己的机会，这也许就是他们成功的秘诀吧。‎ ‎46．A细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后两句可知成功的人遇到困难不会去责备别人而是想方法解决问题。‎ ‎47．C词义猜测题。根据下文可知成功人士会想方设法使不好的形势好转，而不是回避或默认，因此remedy的含义是improve。‎ ‎48．A细节理解题。根据第二段的“．．．find ways of dealing with his irresponsibility…”可知当同事给你带来麻烦时，你应该去寻找解决问题的方法，因此选择A。‎ ‎49．D细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的“They are just better at seeing those problems as challenges and opportunities to develop their own talents”可知问题出现时，成功的人会把它看成是提高自己的机会。‎ ‎50．A标题归纳题。综观全文可知本文的中心是讨论成功人士的秘诀——把困难看成提高自己的机会。因此A项适合作为标题。‎