【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题代词It用法学案（6页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题代词It用法学案（6页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习语法专题代词It用法学案 ‎【归纳】it的用法很多，本文主要讲解它的基本用法、形式主语和形式宾语的用法以及强调句中的用法。‎ ‎1. 用作人称代词，指代上文提到的事物、动物、性别不明或没必要知道性别的人。如：‎ ‎“Where's your car?” ‎ ‎“It's in the garage.”‎ Her dog was howling at the door, so she let it in.‎ The baby next door kept me awake. It cried all night.‎ ‎2. 用作非人称代词，用来指代时间、日期、地点、天气、温度、距离、环境、情况等。如：‎ It was 4 o'clock and the mail still hadn't come.‎ It's quite warm at the moment.‎ It's over 200 miles from London to Manchester.‎ It's getting very competitive in the car industry.‎ ‎3. 用作形式主语，真正的主语常为不定式（短语）、动词-ing形式（短语）或名词性从句。如：‎ It's impossible for us to get there in time.‎ It's always sad saying goodbye to someone you love.‎ It's strange that she never mentioned the wedding.‎ ‎4. 用作形式宾语，真正的宾语常为不定式（短语）、动词-ing形式（短语）或名词性从句。如：‎ Many people find it hard to stop smoking.‎ She finds it boring staying / to stay at home.‎ I find it strange that she doesn't want to travel.‎ ‎【辨析】 it, one和that ‎ ‎1. it指物时，是明确指上文提到的那个事物。it可以代替单数可数名词、不可数名词及前面提到的事情或情况。如：‎ I can't find my ticket. I think I must have lost it. (it = my ticket)‎ ‎2. one指前面的名词或名词短语所表示的同类事物中的一个，而不是指同一个事或物。one既可以代替人，也可以代替物，但只能代替可数名词，其复数形式为ones。如：‎ The train was crowded so we decided to catch a later one.‎ Those shoes are too small. We must buy some new ones.‎ ‎3. that可以代替“the +单数可数名词或不可数名词”，用于特指。that不能代替人，不可带前置定语，但可带后置定语。如：‎ Are you sure the population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing?‎ The milk here is tastier than that of other places.‎ ‎【即学即练1】根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面对话。‎ Alex: 1. _________________________ (现在几点)?‎ Nora: 7 p.m.‎ Alex: What about going for a walk?‎ Nora: I wanted to, but 2. _________________________ (外面在下雨). Shall we watch TV together?‎ Alex: Sure. Where is the remote control?‎ Nora: I 3. _________________________ (把它放在抽屉里了) last night. Ah-ha, here it is! Which channel do you want to watch?‎ Alex: I read in the newspaper that there's an interesting documentary on Channel 4 tonight. ‎ Nora: OK. ... Interesting indeed. But 4. _________________________ (有这么多广告很烦人) during the interval. (The doorbell rang.) Someone is ringing the doorbell. 5. _________________________ (去看看是谁).‎ Alex: OK. ‎ ‎(Alex opens the door and finds his neighbour Rose standing outside.)‎ Rose: Sorry to disturb you, but would you please turn down the TV a little bit? I 6. _________________________ (发现难以集中注意力到我的学习上).‎ Alex: Sorry! We will turn down the TV at once.‎ Rose: Thanks. ‎ it在强调句型中的用法。‎ ‎【语境展示】 观察下面几组句子中it的用法，然后加以总结。‎ ‎1. a. It was cholera that killed him.‎ b. It was Iris that / who found him there.‎ c. It's Lawrence that / who / whom you should be talking to.‎ d. It was three weeks later that he heard the news.‎ e. It was in New Zealand that Elizabeth first met Mr. Cronje.‎ ‎2. a. Was it in this year that the war broke out?‎ b. Is it Tracy that / who / whom you are looking for?‎ ‎3. a. Why is it that everyone thinks he is selfish?‎ b. What was it that they fought for?‎ ‎4. a. It was because I wanted to buy a dictionary that I went to town yesterday.‎ b. It is what he said just now that makes me angry.‎ ‎5. a. It must be your mother that / who / whom you are thinking of.‎ b. It might be my two sisters that / who know her best.‎ ‎6. a. It is not until the end of the year that the traffic laws will take effect.‎ b. It was not until he was thirty that he started to paint.‎ ‎【自我归纳】‎ ‎1. it用在强调句中，可以对句子中除谓语以外的成分加以强调。强调句型的基本结构是：It is / was +被强调部分+ that / who / whom +句子的其余部分，被强调部分指人时，用who（强调宾语也可用whom）或that，指事物时用________（第1组例句）。‎ ‎2. 强调句型的一般疑问句形式是：Is / Was it +被强调部分+ that / who / whom +句子的其余部分（第2组例句）。‎ ‎3. 强调句型的特殊疑问句形式是：________ + is / was it that +句子的其余部分（第3组例句）。‎ ‎4. 强调句型也可强调状语从句、名词性从句等（第4组例句）。‎ ‎5. 在强调结构中，be前可使用表示推测的情态动词（第5组例句）。‎ ‎6. not ... until 句型的强调句的形式是：It is / was not until +被强调部分+ that +句子的其余部分（第6组例句）。‎ ‎【即学即练2】 ‎ I. 将下面句子改写为强调句（对画线部分内容进行强调）。‎ ‎1. He bought a new coat for me.‎ ‎________________________________‎ ‎2. The Prime Minister is visiting Japan at the moment. ‎ ‎________________________________‎ ‎3. The first attack started just after midnight.‎ ‎_______________________________‎ ‎4. Wendy had hidden the box under her bed.‎ ‎______________________________‎ ‎5. The telephone rang when she was about to go to bed.‎ ‎_______________________________‎ ‎6. I did not realize what had happened until the next day.‎ ‎_______________________________‎ II. 根据提示改写下面句子。‎ ‎1. It was the price that he was surprised at. （改写为一般疑问句）‎ ‎______________________________‎ ‎2. It is Mary who has won first place. （改写为一般疑问句）‎ ‎______________________________‎ ‎3. It was in Shanghai that I first met Philip. （对画线部分提问）‎ ‎______________________________‎ ‎4. It is Tom who has painted the windows green. （对画线部分提问）‎ ‎______________________________‎ 答案 ‎【即学即练1】‎ ‎1. What time is it now 2. it's raining outside 3. put it in the drawer ‎ ‎4. it's very annoying to have so many ads 5. Go and see who it is ‎ ‎6. find it hard to concentrate on my studies ‎【自我归纳】that；疑问词 ‎【即学即练2】 ‎ I. ‎ ‎1. It was a new coat that he bought for me.‎ ‎2. It is the Prime Minister that / who is visiting Japan at the moment.‎ ‎3. It was just after midnight that the first attack started.‎ ‎4. It was under her bed that Wendy had hidden the box.‎ ‎5. It was when she was about to go to bed that the telephone rang.‎ ‎6. It was not until the next day that I realized what had happened.‎ II. ‎ ‎1. Was it the price that he was surprised at?‎ ‎2. Is it Mary who / that has won first place?‎ ‎3. Where was it that you first met Philip?‎ ‎4. Who is it that has painted the windows green?‎