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初一英语语法汇总
Unit 1 1, 人称代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 主格 I we you hesheit they 宾格 me us you himherit them 主格与宾格是代词的一种形式,主格指放在主语位置上的代词而宾格指放在宾语位置上的代词。 2, 物主代词 我的 你的 他|她|它的 我们的 你们的 他们的 形容词性物主代词 my your hisherits our your their 名词性物主代词 mine yours hishersits ours yours theirs 1) 形容词性物主代词就具有形容词的性质,它可以修饰名词 this is her coat. 而名词性物主代词不能再加名词 this coat is hers. 2) 形容词性物主代词可以和own连用 表示“某人自己的” 我的时间是我自己的 my time is my own. 他们想拥有属于自己的车 they want to have their own cars. 3, 指示代词 this和these用来指时间或空间上较近的事物 that 和 those用来指时间和空间上较远的事物 4, 名词 1)名词一般可以分为专有名词和普通名词,专有名词指的是个别的人,物,事,其第一个字母要大写,如Jim China World war 2)普通名词分为可数和不可数名词 3)少数名词的复数形式是不规则的,要积累并记忆。如 women knives sheep 5, 名词的所有格 1)如果名词是单数,最后一个字母不是S, 直接加“’s” her sister’s book 2)如果名词是单数,且最后一个字母是S,可加“’”,也可加“’s” James’book James’s book 3)如果名词已经是复数,而且最后一个字母是S,则加“’”即可 workers’ room 4)如果名词已经是复数,但是最后一个字母不是S,则加“’s” children’s books 6, “主语+be+表语 ” 这叫做主系表结构 I am Jim. …was… My name is Jim. …were… Her name is Jim. …are… His name is Jim. 7, 把系动词BE的各种形式提到句首,就变成了一般疑问句 Is this yours? Are you ok? Was xiaoming a student? Were there five students? 8, clock 钟 watch 表 9, 注意构词法“形容词变副词一般加ly”nice (adj)-----nicely(adv) 10,meet(v)见面、遇见、相逢 we can meet at the school gate. 我们可以在校门口见面。 we’ll meet at8’o clock. 我们将在8点钟碰头。 meeting(n) 会议 hold a meeting举行会议 be atin a meeting. 正在开会 接下来的11和12叫做兼类词,也就是说在词的形式没有变化的情况下,即可以做名词也可以做动词,这也是一种构词法 11, question(cn) ask a question ask questions 问问题,提问 Answer a question answer questions回答问题 12, answer(n) 答案 my answer is A 我的答案是A Answer(v) 回答 please answer my questions. 请回答我的问题 13, look 构成的几个动词短语。动词短语相当于动词,可以做谓语。 Look at 看 please look at the book. Look for 寻找 he is looking for a dog. Look up查阅(工具书)I will look up the dictionary. Look outside 向外看 he looked outside and found nobody. Look out当心!look out! There is a snake. Look out of 从…往外看 he looked out of the window. Look after 照顾、照料 my mother was looking after my sister. Look forward to doing sth 期盼着做某事 I am looking forward to meeting you. 14,family, house,home的区别 Family指的是家庭成员,如父母、子女等 house 指居住的建筑物(房屋、住宅),可以购买、出售或出租 home指的是家庭成员所居住得那种环境“家” 15, first name 名(老外名字中的第一个单词) Family name, surname, last name姓 Michael Jackson 的姓是"JACKSON", 名是"MICHAEL", Unit2 1, 一般疑问句is thisthat your pen? 回答用Yes,it is. No,it isn’t. Can you read this book? 回答用 Yes,I can no,I can’t Do you have a pen? 回答用 yes,I do no,I don’t 2, 介词in,表示用什么什么语言 speak in English speak in Chinese 3, 介词at, 表示精确的时间,精确的空间 at 8’o clock at the airport 4, 不定冠词aan “一个”,用于不确定,泛指 一本书a book 定冠词the“这个,那个”,用于确定,特指 这本书the book 1, 助动词dodiddoes用法,他们帮助实义动词构成疑问句或否定句,因为实义动词自身不可能否定,也不能疑问。从以下可以看出原因: 动词有实义动词,助动词和情态动词,系动词3类 系动词He is a student. 肯定 Is he a student? 疑问 He isn’t a student.否定 情态动词 He can speak English.肯定 Can he speak English? 疑问 He can’t speak English 否定 实义动词 He like little dogs. 肯定 Does he like little dog? He doesn’t like little dog. 6, 给某人打电话ring sb up call sb up phone sb up call sb give sb a call 7, at school in school 在学校 go to school 去学校 after school放学后,下课后 8,当向别人咨询问题的时候,用excuse me. 9, what’s this in English? 这个用英语怎么说? 10, call sb at 123456 拨这个电话号码 11,a set of keys一串钥匙 two sets of keys两串钥匙 12, no 和not的区别 No是个形容词,可以直接放在单数或复数名词之前 Not是个副词,不能直接放在名词之前,只有借助a 或any才能与名词连用。 There were no (=not any) letters for you this morning. 今天上午没你的信。 It’s no difficult. =It’s not any difficult. 一点也不难。 13, 当提问到“方式”时,用how ,翻译为“如何、怎么” 14,注意构词法:“合成词” ball球,球状物体 football basketball baseball 因此只要看到有ball出现的单词,即使不认识,也可猜测出一半的意思,即“某种球类” 同理,friend—boyfriend—girlfriend 15 note记下来,写下来 book书 notebook 便合成了笔记 Unit 3 1, sister 姐,妹 old sister 姐姐 young sister妹妹 2, parent 父亲或母亲 (居其一) parents父母亲 3, friend朋友 make friends with sb和某人交朋友 4, those是 that的复数 these是this的复数 5, thanks for sth thanks for doing sth 为…而感谢 Thanks for your gift. 谢谢你的礼物。 Thanks for helping me. 谢谢你帮助我。 “For”这个介词极富感情,表示服务性质的,付出性质的 我为妈妈举办了一个生日宴会I planned a party for my mother. 6, photo照片 the photo of sb 某人的照片 复数为photos 拍照take photos of sthsb 7, this is a… is this a …? These are… are these…? That is… is that…? Those are… are those…? 8, and表示一种递进关系,并列关系,前后连接词与词或连接句与句 I have a book and a pen. That is a ruler and this is a eraser. 9,aunt女性亲戚 uncle男性亲戚 我们称他们的孩子为cousin 女性和男性亲戚称我们为nephew “侄子、外甥” 10,herethere是副词,前面不加任何介词 They are there. You are here. Unit 4 1,Where 问的地点,用它提问构成的是特殊疑问句。 2,under on in after before from to with of about at这些在英语中称为介词,介词一般用于名词和代词前,表示该词与句中其他成分的关系。介词后面的名词或代词称为介词宾语。介词和介词宾语一起构成介词短语。 There are some books in the drawer. 在该句中in是介词 the drawer 是介词宾语 in the drawer是介词短语 in表示 books和the drawer的关系 3,take…to 带走 bring…to带来 4.can是个情态动词,表示“能,会” Can you speak English? Yes, I can. no, I can’t. 5,need sth 需要某物 need do sth需要做某事 6,this is my room. 这是我的房间。 This is my teacher.这是我的老师。 This is… 用来给别人介绍某人或某物 7,dress梳妆,打扮 dresser梳妆台 8,case盒子,箱子,橱子,柜子 Bookcase书柜,是个合成词,合成词是构词法的一种,再例如:girlfriend. 9,know知道,了解 knew(过去式) known(过去分词) 10.table桌子 tablecloth 桌布 tablemanners餐桌礼仪、用餐时的礼节 11.chair椅子 armchair扶手椅 wheelchair轮椅 rocking chair摇椅 chairman主席,负责人 12,plant做名词表示“植物” 作动词表示“种植” 注意它和plan不同哦 We plant rice this year. 13.somesome和any 既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词,some常用在肯定句中,而any则常用在否定和疑问句中。因此 some和any 的用法主要是考虑用在肯定句、疑问句还是否定句中,与名词的可数与否无关。 some意为“一些”,可作形容词和代词。它常修饰可数名词复数。如:some books一些书,some boys一些男孩,也可修饰不可数名词,如:some water一些水,some tea一些茶叶,some常用在肯定句中。any意为“任何一些” 如: I have some tea here. 我这儿有些茶叶。 I can’t see any tea. 我没看见茶叶。 Do you have any friends at school? 你在学校有些朋友吗? I have some English books, they are my best friends. 注意:在表示建议,反问,请求的疑问句中,或期望得到肯定回答时,多用some而不用any。如: Would you like some coffee? 你要不要来点咖啡? What about some fruit juice? 来点水果汁如何? 当any表示“任何”的意义,起强调作用时,它可以用在肯定句中; Any student can answer this question.任何学生都可以回答这个问题。 14. TV 是 television的缩写, “在电视上”用介词on on TV 15.room 房间、室 (可数) in my room in room202 room还可以表示“空间”(不可数)There is no room for the piano unit5 1. have第一人称 has三单 had过去式 可以表示“有”,也可以表示“吃” 2. let-let-let过去式过去分词同形, 表示“允许、让” let sb do sth 让某人做某事、允许某人做某事 let sb go 方某人走 let sb ininto 让某人进来 3 . play玩,打|踢(球), 后面接乐器是加the play the piano 后面接体育用具时不加the play basketball 4. voice一般用于人,指说话、歌唱或发笑的声音.也作鸟鸣声,乐器声音等 sound泛指任何声音 noise表示噪音 I heard the sound of running water. 我听见流水声。 Light travels faster than sound. 光比声音传播得快。 There's a lot of noise here. 这个地方人声嘈杂。 Please speak in a louder voice. 请大声说。 5.sound 作动词,表示“听起来”由sound构成的句子叫做主系表,虽然它看起来像个实义动词,其实是感官系动词,所以是系动词 sound like His idea sounds fun. 他的想法听起来很有趣。 sound goodbadas if You sound as if you got a cold. 你听起来好像感冒了。 6. sport 体育、运动 sportsman 运动员sportswear运动衣 sports car 跑车越野车 7. many—more—most many修饰可数名词 much修饰不可数名词 8.interesting 有趣的,令人感兴趣的,修饰物 interested修饰人,一般指某人对某物感兴趣,用be interested in 9.difficult 是形容词 it+be+difficult for sb to do sth difficulty 是名词have difficult in doing sth 10. watch 1)观看,注视(形容观看的内容比较精彩,比较有过程,或者有屏幕)watch a game/watch a fight看比赛,观看打斗(看得东西都比较有内容) 2)注意,当心(这个意思see 和 look都没有) watch out!! /watch youself 小心!!/看着点你自己 see: 强调看到的结果 see sb do/doing sth 看到某人做了/正在做某事 look: 看,瞧 强调的是看这个过程过 11.collect 动词“收集、收藏” collection名词“收集物、收藏物” 12. everyday 形容词 “ 每天的日常的”意思 日常生活 everyday life every day 副词 “每天 ” I eat apples every day. 我每天吃苹果 Unit6 1. like 喜欢like to do sth 表示某一次的动作 like doing sth表示习惯性动作 2. tomato的复数形式tomatoes 3. an apple an egg 单词的第一个字母是元音时用an an hour较特殊 4. have breakfast吃早饭 have lunch吃午饭 have supper have dinner吃晚饭 如果特别指一顿不错的、或是一顿狠糟糕的饭时,就要加冠词 I had a wonderful lunch today. 5. run—ran—run runner 6. health名词,健康 healthy形容词,健康的 unhealthy 不健康的 7.eat—ate—eaten 8. runner eats well. Well是个副词,它修饰eat, 所以我们要知道,副词时用来修饰动词的,表示做某事时的状态,方式。 He walks slowly. He speaks loudly. 9.早饭吃了什么,就用介词for What did you eat for lunch? We ate meat for lunch 10. They like oranges. They don't like broccoli. Mr Baker likes chicken. He doesn't like carrots. 11.let’s have 让我们吃… Let’s have bread for breakfast. Unit7 1. how much询问价钱 =what is the price of… how many询问数量 How much is the blue T-shirt? What is the price of the blue T-blue. It's ten dollars. How much are these socks? They are two dollars. How many books do you have? Four. 2. be on sale正在出售 3. help sb do sth 、help sb to do sth、help sb with sth都表示帮助某人干某事,这是help 做动词的用法,help还可以做名词,如:thank you for your help. 4. want 动词 want sth 想要某物 want to do sth想要做某事 I want some money. He wants to go home 5. welcome to …欢迎来到 欢迎来到我们学校welcome to our school You are welcome.不客气 6 基数词和序数词,序数词表示事物的顺序,一般要加定冠词the The first the second 7.buy 买, 为某人买buy for I want to buy a pen for my mother. Buy from.从…购得 Sell 出售 出售给某人sell to can you sell the pen to me ? 8.can I help you ?----- yes,please.no, thanks 9. what color do you want ? 你要哪个颜色 What size do you want? 你要哪个型号 10.come and buy== come to buy 11. have sth at a very good price. 大甩卖 12. have a look at 看看 13.afford sth 买得起,负担得起 14.we have socks in black.我们有黑色的袜子。 注意颜色词前面用in 15.当each of在句子中做主语时,谓语动词用单数。 Each of the students has a book. Each of them is Chinese. 16.how much 修饰不可数名词 how many修饰可数名词 17. I ‘ll take it ==I ‘ll buy it. 我要它了、我要买下它 Unit8 1. when=which time 询问时间 2. birthday 生日 birthday party 生日聚会 on my eighteenth birthday在我18岁生日的时候,注意用的是序数词 birth本身是个名词,表示生育、出生, birthplace出生地 birthrate出生率 birthmark胎记 3.happy 形容词 happiness名词 4.trip短途旅行、旅途 tavel长途的旅行 5.festival 节,节日 Spring festival春节 6.music音乐 musician音乐家 art 美术、艺术 artist美术家、艺术家 7. when is yourhisher your mother’s birthday? 同义句when is the date of your birth? My birthday is June fourth六月四号,此处几月几号用序数词,也可写作June 4th 8. how old are you? How old is hesheyour brother? 同义句What is your age? What is your brother’s age? I am fifteen.=I am fifteen years old. My sister is 5 years old.=I have a 5-year-old sister. 我妹妹5岁了。 我有个5岁大的妹妹。 “5-year-old”这种写法只能做前置形容词,也就是说后面一定要跟名词。 9. 月份前的介词用in in Febrary 注意在具体日期前用介词on on Febrary 12th 10. 表示地点, 即可用at也可用in,表示大地方用IN,表示小地方用AT in China at station 11.what date is it today?---it’s Saturday. 问的是星期几 What’s the date today?---it’s June 2nd问的是日期 Unit9 1. go to a movie去看电影=go to movies 2. kind种类 a kind of 一种 two kinds of 两种 many kinds of 多种 3. sad形容词“悲伤的” sadness名词“悲伤” 4. real形容词 really副词 5. success名词“成功”seccessful形容词 seccessfully副词 6. week周a week two weeks weekend周末 on weekends在周末 7. Do you want to go to a movie? Yes,I do no,I don’t. 8. what kind of …do you like? does he like? What kind of movies do you like? What kind of color do you like? I like… 9. with是个介词,表示“和某人一起”或表示“用” 我和爸爸去看电影. I often go to movies with my father. 我用钢笔写字。 I write with pens. 9. favorite 最喜欢的 当它作主语时,谓语动词用单数 my favorite sport is basketball. Who is your favorite actor?=which actor do you like best? What is your favorite fruit?=what kind of fruit do you like best My favorite fruit is apple. I like apples best. 10. too 和also都表示“也” too放在句末,且要用逗号隔开。Also一般放在句中,不用逗号 11. stay at home呆在家 12. and表示递进、并列 but 表示转折、否定 or表示二者选一 so表示原因 13. 饥饿hunry 口渴thirsty 14. 要表示“在星期几”,介词用on on Sunday 15. look like长得像、看起来很像某人 16.wash one’s handsfacehair 洗手、洗脸 brush one’s teeth刷牙 17.good是形容词,修饰名词 well是副词,修饰动词 18.be good at sth be good at doing sth 擅长做某事 Unit10 1. join sbsth加入某人、加盟do you want to join us? join in=take part in 参加、加入某活动 2.dance跳舞 dance a Waltz跳一支华尔兹 dance with sb与某人共舞 dancer舞者、跳舞的人 Sing 唱歌 sing a song singer歌手 3.Swim游泳,go swimming去游泳 4.paint动词,画画、给…刷油漆 painter画家、油漆工 painting名词,画、油画 5 speaktellsaytalk speak的意思是“说话”,通常指说话的能力和方式,也有“演讲,发言”之意;其后宾语多是表示语言的名词。speak to常表示“同……说话”。 Do you speak English?你会说英语吗? She is speaking to the shop assistant.她正在同售货员说话。 Say 意思是“说”,强调说话内容。例如: --"What are you saying?" “你在说什么?” -- "I'm saying nothing." “我什么也没有说。” Talk 意思是“谈”,与介词to 或with 连用表示“与…交谈”,与介词about 或 of连用表示“谈论…内容”。例如: May I talk to you? 我可以和你谈一谈吗? Xiao Li is talking with her teacher. 小李正和她的老师谈话呢。 What are you talking about? 你们在谈论什么呢? tell的意思是“讲”、“告诉”,作及物动词,意为“讲述”、“告诉”,指把一件事或一个故事讲出来,有连续述说的意思,如:tell the truth(说实话),tell a lie(说谎),tell a story(讲故事)等,tell可接双宾语结构或复合宾语结构,有时表示“嘱咐或语气较轻的命令”,常用于tell sb.(not)to do sth.结构中。例如: Please tell us the good news. 请告诉我们好消息。 I have something to tell you. 我有事要告你。 Do you have anything to tell us? 你有什么事要告诉我们吗? 1. then表示逻辑顺序,“然后、接着”,阅读中要注意 2. show作名词,“表演、演出” show作动词,“展示、给某人看”show sb sth==show sth to sb 3. may可能、也许,是个情态动词 mingt 是它的过去式 might比may委婉 4. 以why开头的问句,用because来回答 5. a few 表示肯定,意思是“有但不多” few 表示否定 “几乎没有” 用于可数名词 a little 表示肯定“有但不多” little 表示否定 “几乎没有”用于不可数名词 6. can表示“能、会” can you speak English? Can you sing? Yes,I can no, I can’t 11.learn about sth学习 Unit11 1. time时间 it’s time (for sb) to do sth到(某人)做某事的时间啦 what’s the time?几点啦==what time is it? 2. go to bed上床睡觉 get up起床 3 work工作,既可作动词也可作名词 worker 工人 4 an hour 一个小时 two hours 5. night夜间 at night 6.Listen和hear Listen to sbsth强调的是听这个动作 please listen to me Hear sbsth强调的是听到的结果 can you hear me? 7. home家 be at home在家 stay at home呆在家 8. in the morning在早上 in the afternoon下午 in the evening在晚上 On Monday morning on Sunday afternoon 特定的具体的时间用on 9.letter信, write sb a letter=write a letter to sb给某人写信 10 go to school 去上学 go home回家 go to work去上班 11.start 开始 start to do sth start doing sth 12 tell sb sth ==tell sth to sb告诉某人某事 13 what time do you go to school=when do you go to school 14 take number2 bus to a hotel. 乘几路车到某地 15 aroundabout两者都表示大概、大约的时间 16 at eleven at 8 0’clock 表示在几点钟,用介词at 17 tell sb about sth 告诉某人关于某事 18 best wishes for…最好的祝福给… 19 after breakfastlunchdinner早饭、午饭、晚饭后 20 know sb认识某人 know about sth了解某事 21 all day整天、全天 22 on weekdays在工作日,也就是星期一到星期五 on weekends在周末,也就是在星期六和星期天 Unit12 1. science 科学 scientist科学家 2. because表示“原因” so表示“结果”两者不可同时出现在一个句子中 3. describe动词,“描述” description名词 4. biology生物学 biologist生物学家 5. busy忙的 反义词free 很闲的 be busy (in) doing sth be busy with sth 6 next 接下来、然后 next to 与…相邻,紧挨着 7 strict严格的、严厉的 strictly副词 对某人严格 be strict with sb 8 ask 问、要求 ask sb to do sth要求某人做某事 ask sb for sth向某人要某物 I asked my mother for money. 9. play with sb和某人玩 10. from…to 从…到 既可以表示空间、地点也可以表示时间 From one to ten from beijing to shanghai from morning to evening查看更多