名师解读高考真题系列－高中英语：专题15+社会生活、说理议论类

名师解读高考真题系列－高中英语：专题15+社会生活、说理议论类

‎1.【社会生活类短文阅读】【2016·全国新课标I】 B ‎ Grandparents Answer a Call ‎ As a third generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never pleased move away,. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help their children, she politely refused . Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms Gaf finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move to a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.‎ ‎ No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to the children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obama’s mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study grandparents com. 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson ‘s decision will influence the grandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family.‎ ‎ “in the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,” says Christine Crosby, publisher of grate magazine for grandparents .We now realize how important family is and how important”” to be near them, especially when you’re raining children.”‎ ‎ Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.‎ ‎25. Why was Garza’s move a success?‎ A．It strengthened her family ties. ‎ B．It improved her living conditions.‎ C．It enabled her make more friends.‎ D．It helped her know more new places.‎ ‎26.What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinson’s decision?‎ A．17% expressed their support for it.‎ B．Few people responded sympathetically.‎ C．83% believed it had a bad influence.‎ D．The majority thought it was a trend.‎ ‎27. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?‎ A．They were unsure of raise more children.‎ B．They were eager to raise more children.‎ C．They wanted to live away from their parents.‎ D．They bad little respect for their grandparent.‎ ‎28. What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the lasr paragraph?‎ ‎ A. Make decisions in the best interests' of their own ‎ B. Ask their children to pay more visits to them ‎ C. Sacrifice for their struggling children ‎ ‎ D. Get to know themselves better ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】25. A 26.D 27.C 28.A ‎2.【社会生活类短文阅读】【2016·全国新课标I】 D The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙)with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a ‎ person's needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some ‎ traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and ‎ suddenly stops, what maybe implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.‎ Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.‎ Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.‎ 32. What does the author say about silence in conversations?‎ A. It implies anger.‎ B. It promotes friendship.‎ C. It is culture-specific.‎ D. It is content-based.‎ 33. Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?‎ A. The Chinese.‎ B. The French.‎ C. The Mexicans.‎ D. The Russians.‎ 34. What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?‎ A. Let it continue as the patient pleases.‎ B. Break it while treating patients.‎ C. Evaluate its harm to patients.‎ D. Make use of its healing effects.‎ 35. What may be the best title for the text?‎ A. Sound and Silence B. What It Means to Be Silent C. Silence to Native Americans D. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】32.C 33.A 34.D 35.B ‎3.【记叙文阅读】【2016·全国新课标II】 D A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.‎ Frank Hurley’s pictures would be outstanding----undoubtedly first-rate photo-journalism---if they had been made last week. In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海滩), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship.‎ ‎ The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Norwegian-built three-master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to the southernmost shore of Antarctica’s Weddell Sea. From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇) across the continent. The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done. Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.‎ ‎ As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well-researched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort. Scott’s last journey, completed as be lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the world’s imagination, and a film made in his honor drew crowds. Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography. Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.‎ ‎13. What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley?‎ ‎ A. They were made last week ‎ B. They showed undersea sceneries ‎ C. They were found by a cameraman ‎ D. They recorded a disastrous adventure ‎14. Who reached the South Pole first according to the text?‎ ‎ A. Frank Hurley B. Ernest Shackleton ‎ C. Robert Falcon Scott D. Caroline Alexander ‎15. What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage?‎ ‎ A. Artistic creation B. Scientific research ‎ C. Money making D. Treasure hunting ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】13. D 14. C 15. C ‎ ‎4.【故事类短文阅读】【2016·全国新课标III】 B ‎ On one of her trips to New York several years ago, Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner. They settled in at a comfortable East Side cafe and within minutes, another customer was approaching their table.‎ ‎ “Hey, aren’t you from Mississippi?” the elegant, white-haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger. “I’m from Mississippi too.”‎ ‎ Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair.‎ ‎ “They began telling me all the news of Mississippi,” Welty said. “I didn’t know what my New York friends were thinking.”‎ ‎ Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside. Welty’s new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel, her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi.‎ ‎ “My friends said: ‘Now we believe your stories,’” Welty added. “And I said: ‘Now you know. These are the people that make me write them.’”‎ ‎ Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with ‎ this explanation.‎ ‎ “I don’t make them up,” she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years. “I don’t have to.”‎ ‎ Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Welty’s people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out. Sometimes, sitting on a bus or a train, she hears only a fragment(片段) of a particularly interesting story.‎ ‎5.What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe?‎ A. Two strangers joined her.‎ B. Her childhood friends came in.‎ ‎ C. A heavy rain ruined the dinner.‎ D. Some people held a party there.‎ ‎6. The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty’s .‎ A. readers B. parties C. friends D. stories ‎7. What can we learn about the characters in Welty’s fiction?‎ ‎ A. They live in big cities.‎ ‎ B. They are mostly women.‎ ‎ C. They come from real life.‎ ‎ D. They are pleasure seekers.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】5. A 6. D 7. C ‎5.【生活故事类短文阅读】【2016·全国新课标III】 C ‎ If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around.‎ ‎ It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but since it has ‎ caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.‎ ‎ Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn’t taste of anything special, it’s still worth a try, as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.‎ ‎ There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.‎ ‎ At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.‎ ‎ Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园). If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.‎ ‎8. What can people do at the apple events?‎ ‎ A. Attend experts’ lectures. B. Visit fruit-loving families.‎ ‎ C. Plant fruit trees in an orchard. D. Taste many kinds of apples.‎ ‎9. What can we learn about Decio?‎ A. It is a new variety. B. It has a strange look.‎ ‎ C. It is rarely seen now. D. It has a special taste.‎ ‎10. What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3mean?‎ ‎ A. A practical idea. B. A vain hope.‎ C.A brilliant plan. D. A selfish desire.‎ ‎11. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?‎ A. To show how to grow apples.‎ B .To introduce an apple festival.‎ C. To help people select apples.‎ D. To promote apple research.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】8. D 9. C 10. B 11. B ‎6.【风俗文化类短文阅读】【2016·全国新课标III】 D ‎ Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.‎ ‎ “The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”‎ ‎ Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication—e-mails, Web posts and reviews,‎ ‎ face-to-face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的), but that didn’t necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times’ website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.‎ ‎ Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused(激发) one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.” ‎ ‎12 . What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to?‎ A. News reports. B. Research papers.‎ C. Private e-mails. D. Daily conversations．‎ ‎13. What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?‎ A. They’re socially inactive.‎ B. They’re good at telling stories.‎ C. They’re inconsiderate of others.‎ D. They’re careful with their words.‎ ‎14. Which tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dr. Berger’s research?‎ A . Sports new. B. Science articles.‎ C. Personal accounts. D. Financial reviews.‎ ‎15 . What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A. Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide B .Online News Attracts More People C. Reading Habits Change with the Times D. Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】12. A 13. C 14. B 15. D ‎7.【人物故事类短文阅读】【2016•北京】 A Dear Alfred, ‎ ‎ I want to tell you how important your help is to my life.‎ ‎ Growing up, I had people telling me I was too slow, though, with an IQ of 150 at 17, I’m anything but stupid. The fact was that I was found to have ADIID(注意力缺陷多动障碍). Anxious all the time, I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.‎ ‎ However, when something did interest me, I could become absorbed. In high school, I became curious about the computer, and built my first website. Moreover, I completed the senior course of Computer Basics, plus five relevant pre-college courses.‎ ‎ While I was exploring my curiosity, my disease got worse. I wanted to go to college after high school, but couldn’t . So, I was killing my time at home until June 2012 when I discovered the online computer courses of your training center.‎ ‎ Since then, I have taken courses like Data Science and Advanced Mathematics. Currently, I’m learning your Probability course. I have hundreds of printer paper, covered in self-written notes from your video. This has given me a purpose.‎ ‎ Last year, I spent all my time looking for a job where, without dealing with the public , I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to. Luckily, I discovered the job—Data ‎ Analyst—this month and have been going full steam ahead. I want to prove that I can teach myself a respectful profession, without going to college, and be just as good as, if not better than, my competitors.‎ ‎ Thank you. You’ve given me hope that I can follow my heart. For the first time, I feel good about myself because I’m doing something, not because someone told me I was doing good. I feel whole.‎ ‎ This is why you’re saving my life.‎ Yours,‎ Tanis ‎56.why did’t Tanis go to college after high school?‎ A.She had learned enough about computer science B. She had more difficulty keeping foucesed C.She preferred taking online courses D.She was too slow to learn ‎57.AS for the working environment,Tains prefers____.‎ A .working by herself B.dealing with the public C.competing against others D.staying with ADHD students ‎58.Tanis wrote this letter in order to_____.‎ A.explain why she was interested in the computer B.share the ideas she had for her profession ‎ C .show how grateful she was to the center D.describe the courses she had taken so far ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】56.B 57.A 58.C ‎8.【教育类短文阅读】【2016•北京】 D Why College Is Not Home ‎ The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today’s students and are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.‎ ‎ For previous generations, college was decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cellphones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.‎ ‎ To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves “trying on ” new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually(在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered on debate and questioning.‎ ‎ Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.‎ ‎ Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to min imize may actually be encouraged.‎ ‎ It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescent’s desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.‎ ‎ Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.‎ ‎67. What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?‎ A.Sympathetic B.Disapproving C.Supportive D.Neutral ‎68. The underlined word “passage” in Paragraph 2 means .‎ A.change B.choice C.text D.extension ‎69. According to the author, what role should college play?‎ A.to develop a shared identity among students B.to define and regulate students’ social behavior C.To provide a safe world without tension for students ‎ D.To foster students’ intellectual and personal development ‎70. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】67. B 68. A 69. D 70. C ‎9.【科教类阅读】【2016·天津】 C ‎ When John was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him weeding the garden, carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers. But when John reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood playmates. He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier. Most of all, he was happier. Far happier.‎ ‎ These are the findings of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston. The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not. “Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society,” said George Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家) who made the discovery. “And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them.”‎ ‎ Vaillant’s study followed these males in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47. Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the men’s mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores with their boyhood-activity scores. Points were awarded for part-time jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems.‎ ‎ The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly ‎ sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out. Working----at any age----is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence---the underpinnings (基础) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isn’t everything. As Tolstoy once said, “One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one’s work.”‎ ‎46. What do we know about John?‎ A. He enjoyed his career and marriage.‎ B. He had few childhood playmates.‎ C. He received little love from his family.‎ D. He was envied by others in his childhood.‎ ‎47. Vaillant’s words in Paragraph 2 serve as _____.‎ A. a description of personal values and social values B. an analysis of how work was related to competence C. an example for parents’ expectations of their children D. an explanation why some boys grew into happy men ‎48. Vaillant’s team obtained their findings by _____.‎ A. recording the boys’ effort in school B. evaluating the men’s mental health C. comparing different sets of scores D. measuring the men’s problem solving ability ‎49. What does the underlined word “sharp” probably mean in Paragraph 4?‎ A. Quick to react B. Having a thin edge C. Clear and definite D. sudden and rapid ‎50. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?‎ A. competent adults know more about love than work.‎ B. Emotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life.‎ C. Love brings more joy to people than work does.‎ D. Independence is the key to one’s success.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】46.A 47.D 48.C 49.C 50.B ‎10.【科教类阅读】【2016·天津】 D ‎ Failure is probably the most exhausting experience a person ever has. There is nothing more tiring than not succeeding.‎ We experience this tiredness in two ways: as start-up fatigue(疲惫) and performance fatigue. In the former case, we keep putting off a task because it has either too boring or too difficult. And the longer we delay it, the more tired we feel.‎ ‎ Such start-up fatigue is very real, even if not actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones. The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply: always handle the most difficult job first.‎ Years ago, I was asked to write 102 essays on the great ideas of some famous authors. Applying my own rule, I determined to write them in alphabetical(按字母顺序), never letting myself leave out a tough idea. And I always started the day’s work with the difficult task of essay-writing. Experience proved that the rule works.‎ Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. Though willing to get started, we cannot seem to do the job right. Its difficulties appear so great that, however hard we work, we fail again and again. In such a situation, I work as hard as I can-then let the unconscious take over.‎ ‎ When planning Encyclopaedia Britannica (《大英百科全书》), I had to create a table of contents based on the topics of its articles. Nothing like this had ever been done before, and day after dat I kept coming up with solutions, but none of them worked. My fatigue became almost unbearable.‎ One day, mentally exhausted, I wrote down all the reasons why this problem could not be solved. I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself, not with me. Relived, I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep.‎ ‎ An hour later, I woke up suddenly with the solution clearly in mind. In the weeks that followed, the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind provided correct at every step. Though I worked as hard as before, I felt no fatigue. Success was now as exciting as failure had been depressing.‎ Human beings, I believe must try to succeed. Success, then, means never feeling tired.‎ ‎51. People with start-up fatigue are most likely to .‎ A. delay tasks B. work hard C. seek help D. accept failure ‎52. What does the author recommend doing to prevent start-up fatigue?‎ A. Writing essays in strict order.‎ B. Building up physical strength.‎ C. Leaving out the toughest ideas.‎ D. Dealing with the hardest task first.‎ ‎53. On what occasion does a person probably suffer from performance fatigue?‎ A. Before starting a difficult task.‎ B. When all the solutions fail.‎ C. If the job is rather boring.‎ D. After finding a way out.‎ ‎54. According to the author, the unconscious mind may help us .‎ A. ignore mental problems B. get some nice sleep C. gain complete relief D. find the right solution ‎55. What could be the best title for the passage?‎ A. Success Is Built upon Failure B. How to Handle Performance Fatigue C. Getting over Fatigue: A Way to Success D. Fatigue: An Early Sign of Health Problems ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】51.A 52.D 53.B 54.D 55.C ‎11.【日常生活类阅读】【2016·四川】 B ‎ If you could have one superpower, what would it be?‎ ‎ Dreaming about whether you would want to read minds, see through walls, or have superhuman strength may sound silly, but it actually gets to the heart of what really matters in your life.‎ ‎ Every day in our work, we are inspired by the people we meet doing extraordinary things to improve the world.‎ They have a different kind of superpower that all of us possess: the power to make a difference in the lives of others.‎ We’re not saying that everyone needs to contribute their lives to the poor. Your lives are busy enough doing homework, playing sports, making friends, seeking after your dreams. But we do think that you can live a more powerful life when you devote some of your time and energy to something much larger than yourself. Find an issue you are interested in and learn more. Volunteer or, if you can, contribute a little money to a cause. Whatever you do, don’t be a bystander. Get involved. You may have the opportunity to make your biggest difference when you’re older. But why not start now?‎ Our own experience working together on health, development, and energy the last twenty years has been one of the most rewarding parts of our lives. It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead.‎ ‎4. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A. Your life style.‎ B. Your life value.‎ C. Your trouble in life.‎ D. Your life experience.‎ ‎5. Why does the author say they are inspired every day?‎ A. They possess different kinds of superpowers.‎ B. They have got the power to change the world.‎ C. Some people around them are making the world better.‎ D. There are many powerful people in their life and work.‎ ‎6. What does the author stress in Paragraph 5?‎ A. Learning more and contributing more to a cause.‎ B. Rising above self and acting to help others.‎ C. Working hard to get a bigger opportunity.‎ D. Trying your best to help the poor.‎ ‎7. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?‎ A. The author believes the lives of the poorest will get better.‎ B. Much more progress will be made in the near future.‎ C. The work on health is the most valuable experience.‎ D. People’s efforts have been materially rewarded. ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】4.B 5.C 6.B 7.A ‎12.【风土人情类阅读】【2016·四川】 C ‎ In the depths of the French Guianese rainforest, there still remain unusual groups of indigenous(土著的) people. Surprisingly, these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs. And yet, people in this area are in fact French citizens because it has been a colony(殖民地) of the French Republic since 1946. In theory, they should live by ‎ the French law is often ignored or unknown, thus making them into an interesting area of “lawlessness” in the world.‎ The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the effects of a Frenchman form Paris called Gin. Gin spent five months in early 2015 exploring the most remote corners of this area, which sits on the edge of the Amazon rainforest, with half its population of only 250,000 living in its capital, Cayenne.‎ ‎“I have a special love for the French Guianese people. I have worked there on and off for almost ten years,” says Gin. “I’ve been able to keep firm friendships with them. Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment. I don’t see it as a lawless land. But rather I see it as an area of freedom.”‎ ‎“I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life,” continues Gin. “I prefer to work in black and white, which allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.”‎ His black-and-white pictures present a world almost lost in time. These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for. These local citizens now have to balance their traditional self-supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic, which brings with it not only necessary state welfare, but also alcoholism, betrayal and even suicide.‎ ‎8. Why does the author feel surprised about the indigenous people in French Guiana?‎ ‎ A. They seldom follow the French law.‎ ‎ B. They often ignore the Guianese law.‎ C. They are separated from the modern world.‎ ‎ D. They are both Guianese and French citizens.‎ ‎9.Gin introduced the special world of the indigenous Guianese as _________.‎ A. a tour guide ‎ B. a geographer C. a film director ‎ D. a photographer ‎10. What is Gin’s attitude towards the lives of the indigenous Guianese?‎ A. Cautious.‎ ‎ B. Doubtful.‎ C. Uninterested.‎ ‎ D. Appreciative.‎ ‎11.What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?‎ A. The modern French lifestyle.‎ ‎ B. The self-supporting hunting.‎ C. The uncivilized hunting.‎ ‎ D. The French Republic.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】8.A 9.D 10.D 11.A ‎13.【健康类阅读】【2016·四川】 D A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night’s sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night.‎ ‎ Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.‎ ‎ The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder ‎ made from cows milked both during the day and at night.‎ ‎ Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.‎ ‎ Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.‎ ‎ While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.‎ ‎ Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax.‎ ‎ Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.‎ ‎12. According to the text, the mice fed with daytime milk_______.‎ ‎ A. started sleep more easily ‎ B. were more anxious ‎ C. were less active ‎ D. woke up later ‎13. Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text?‎ ‎ A. It’s been tested on mice for ten years ‎ ‎ B. It can make people more energetic ‎ C. It exists in milk in great amount ‎ D. It’s used in sleeping drugs ‎14. What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A. Night Milk and Sleep ‎ ‎ B. Fat Sugar and Health C. An Experiment on Mice D. Milk Drinking and Health ‎15.How does the author support the theme of the text?‎ ‎ A. By giving examples.‎ ‎ B. By stating arguments.‎ ‎ C. By explaining statistical data.‎ ‎ D. By providing research results.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】12.B 13.D 14.A 15.D ‎14.【科教类阅读】【2016·浙江】 A ‎ “Did you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday?”Lindsey whipers to Tori.‎ ‎ With her eyes shining,tori brags，“You bet I did,Sean told me two days ago.”‎ ‎ Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about?It just happened to be yours truly,Adam Freedmam,I can tell you that what that what they are saying is (a) not nice and (b) not even true.Still,Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton Higt School,including me.Many of our conversations are gossip(闲话)。I have noticed three effects of gossip:it can hurt people,it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction,and it can cause social pressures in a group.‎ ‎ An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about.Usually,gossip spreads information about a topic-breakups,trouble at home,even dropping ‎ out-that a person would rather keep secret.The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is,the juicier the gossip it makes.Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie.People ofen think of gossipers as harmless,but cruel lies can cause pain.‎ ‎ If we know that gossip can be harmful,then why do so many of us do it?Tht answer lies in another effect of gossip:the satisfaction it gives us.Sharing the latest rumor(传言)can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t.Similarly,hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group.”In other words,gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority(优越感).‎ ‎ Gossip also can have a third effect:it strengthens unwritten,unspoken rules about how people should act.Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group.Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said,then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention.The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.‎ ‎ The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation.The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news,thing about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story”might have.‎ ‎41.The author uses a conversation at the beginning of the passage to .‎ A.introduce a topic B.present an argument ‎ C.describe the characters D.clarify his writing purpose ‎42.An important negative effects of gossip is that it .‎ A.breaks up relationships ‎ B.embarrasses the listener C.spreads information around D.causes unpleasant experiences ‎43.In the auther’s opinion,many people like to gossip because it .‎ A.gives them a feeling of pleasure B.help them to make more friends ‎ C.makes them better at telling stories D.enables them to meet important people ‎44.Professor David Wilson think that gossip can .‎ A.provide students with written rules B.help people watch their own behaviors C.force school to impove student handbooks D.attract the police’s attention to group behaviors ‎45.What advice does the author give in the passage?‎ A.Never become a gossiper B.Stay away from gossipers C.Don’t let gossip turn into lies D.Think twice before you gossip.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】41. A 42. D 43. A 44. B 45. D ‎15.【夹叙夹议文阅读】【2015·湖北卷】 A ‎“I see you’ve got a bit of water on your coat,” said the man at the petrol station. “Is ‎ it raining out there?” “No, it’s pretty nice,” I replied, checking my sleeve. “Oh, right. A pony(马驹) bit me earlier.”‎ As it happened, the bite was virtually painless: more the kind of small bite you might get from a naughty child. The pony responsible was queuing up for some ice cream in the car park near Haytor, and perhaps thought I’d jumped in ahead of him.‎ The reason why the ponies here are naughty is that Haytor is a tourist-heavy area and tourists are constantly feeding the ponies foods, despite sighs asking them not to. By feeding the ponies, tourists increase the risk of them getting hit by a car, and make them harder to gather during the area’s annual pony drift(迁移).‎ The purpose of a pony drift is to gather them up so their health can be checked, the baby ones can be stooped from feeding on their mother’s milk, and those who’ve gone beyond their limited area can be returned to their correct area. Some of them are also later sold, in order to limit the number of ponies according to the rules set by Natural England.‎ Three weeks ago, I witnessed a small near-disaster a few mils west of here. While walking, I noticed a pony roll over on his back. “Hello!” I said to him, assuming he was just rolling for fun, but he was very still and, as I got closer, I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily. I began to properly worry about him. Fortunately, I managed to get in touch with a Dartmoor’s Livestock Protection officer and send her a photo. The officer immediately sent a local farmer out to check on the pony. The pony had actually been trapped between two rocks. The farmer freed him, and he began to run happily around again.‎ Dartmoor has 1,000 or so ponies, who play a critical role in creating the diversity of species in this area. Many people are working hard to preserve these ponies, and trying to come up with plans to find a sustainable(可持续的) future for one of Dartmoor’s most financially-troubled elements.‎ ‎51.Why are tourists asked not to feed the ponies?‎ A. To protect the tourists from being bitten B. To keep the ponies off the petrol station C. To avoid putting the ponies in danger D. To prevent the ponies from fighting ‎52.One of the purposes of the annual pony drift is ______________.‎ A. to feed baby ponies on milk B. to control the number of ponies C. to expand the habitat for ponies D. to sell the ponies at a good price ‎53.What as the author’s first reaction when he saw a pony roll on its back?‎ A. He freed it from the trap B. He called a protection officer C. He worried about it very much D. He thought of it as being naughty ‎54.What does the author imply about the preservation of Dartmoor’s ponies?‎ A. It lacks people’s involvement.‎ B. It costs a large amount of money C. It will affect tourism in Dartmoor.‎ D. It has caused an imbalance of species ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】51.C 52.B 53.D 54.B ‎ ‎16.【史地常识类阅读】【2015·湖北卷】 C Hilversum is a medium-sized city between the major cities of Amsterdam and Utrecht in the Gooi area of North Holland, the Netherlands. Unlike most of the Netherlands, Hilversum is actually in a hilly area with the soil mostly consisting of sand. Once called the Garden of Amsterdam, it still attracts travelers to come over to cycle and walk through the surrounding forests. They visit it for a relaxing day off from the urban madness. For Dutch people, Hilversum is all about textile (纺织) and media industries, and modern architecture.‎ In history, Hilversum was largely an agricultural area. Daily life was marked by farming, sheep raising and wool production. A railway link to Amsterdam in 1874 attracted rich traders from Amsterdam to Hilversum. They build themselves large villas (别墅) in the wooded surroundings of the town. One of the families moving in was the Brenninkmeijers, currently the wealthiest family of the Netherlands. They moved in after big success in the textile industry and aided a substantial textile industry in Hilversum. But the textile boom lasted only several decades. The last factory closed in the 1960s.‎ The change to a media economy started in 1920, when the Nederlandse Seintoestedllen Fabriek (NSF) established a radio factory in Hiversum. Most radio stations called in the large villas in the leafy areas of the town. Television gave another push to the local economy. Hilversum became the media capital of the Netherlands, and Dutch television stars moved into the leafy neighborhoods surrounding the town.‎ In the early 1900s, modern architcts W.M. Dudok and J. Duiker placed hundreds of remarkable buildings in Hilversum. These modern architectural masterpieces (杰作) are so many that Hilversum almost feels like an open air museum. Dudok alone shaped most 20th century Hilversum and approximately 75 buildings in 1928-1931. It has wide international fame and is included in many architecture textbooks. The building has a remarkable shape and looks like a combination of “blocks”. Actually, one may start his journey of modern architecture by walking or biking the W.M. Dudok Architectural Route in Hilversum.‎ ‎59.Hilversum is different from most of the Netherlands in that ______.‎ A. it has a large population B. it is cut off from big cities C. it has many beautiful gardens D. it is in a hilly area with sandy soil ‎60.What was the greatest contribution of the Brenninkmeijers to Hilversum?‎ A. Building a railway link to Amsterdam B. Helping its textile industry to develop ‎ C. Constructing large villas for the poor D. Assisting its agricultural industry ‎61.The beginning of the media industry in Hilversum was marked by the establishment of ______.‎ A. a radio factory B. the medial capital C. a radio station D. a TV station ‎62.What is known about W.M. Dudok’s Hilversum Town Hall?‎ A. It consists of approximately 75 buildings B. It looks like an open air museum in the city C. It is a classic example in architecture textbooks D. It has shaped most of 20th century Hilvesum.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】59.D 60.B 61.A 62.C ‎ ‎17.【历史文化类说明文阅读】【2015·江苏】 D Freedom and Responsibility ‎ Freedom’s challenge in the Digital Age is a serious topic. We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.‎ ‎ Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies, one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.‎ ‎ In Greece, in Athens (雅典), a little city in a little country, there were no helpless masses. And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed, and the unwritten, which must be obeyed if free men live together. They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be very painful unless one chose to live alone in the desert.The Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted. A man was free if he was self-controlled. To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom. They were saved from looking at their lives as their own private affair. Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athens, not because it was forced on him from the outside, but because the city was his pride and his safety. The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the state.‎ ‎ But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers. It cannot be discovered once for all. If people do not prize it, and work for it, it will go. Constant watch is its price. Athens changed. It was a change that took place without being noticed though it was of the extreme importance, a spiritual change which affected the whole state. It had been the Athenian’ s pride and joy to give to their city. That they could get material benefits from her never entered their minds. There had to be a complete change of attitude before they could look at the city as an employer who paid her citizens for doing her work. Now instead of men giving to the state, the state was to give to them. What the people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable life for them; and with this as the primary object, ideas of freedom and self-reliance and responsibility were neglected to the point of disappearing. Athens was more and more looked on as a cooperative business possessed of great wealth in which all citizens had a right to share.‎ ‎ Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility. There could be only one result. If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free. Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom. It is to be had on no other terms. Athens, the Athens of Ancient Greece, refused responsibility; she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again.‎ ‎ But, “the excellent becomes the permanent”, Aristotle said. Athens lost freedom forever, but freedom was not lost forever for the world. A great American, James Madison, referred to: “The capacity (能力) of mankind for self-government.” No doubt he had not an idea that he was speaking Greek. Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind, but once man has a great and good idea, it is never completely lost. The Digital Age cannot destroy it. Somehow in this or that man’s thought such an idea lives though unconsidered by the world of action. One can never be sure that it is not on the point of breaking out into action only sure that it will do so sometime.‎ ‎65. What does the underlined word “tyrannies” in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A. Countries where their people need help. B. Powerful states with higher civilization.‎ C. Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom. D. Governments ruled with absolute power.‎ ‎66.People believing in freedom are those who________ .‎ A. regard their life as their own business B. seek gains as their primary object C. behave within the laws and value systems D. treat others with kindness and pity ‎67.What change in attitude took place in Athens?‎ A. The Athenians refused to take their responsibility.‎ B. The Athenians no longer took pride in the city.‎ C. The Athenians benefited spiritually from the government.‎ D. The Athenians looked on the government as a business.‎ ‎68.What does the sentence “There could be only one result.” in Paragraph 5 mean?‎ A. Athens would continue to be free.‎ B. Athens would cease to have freedom.‎ C. Freedom would come from responsibility.‎ D. Freedom would stop Athens from self-dependence.‎ ‎69.Why does the author refer to Aristotle and Madison?‎ A. The author is hopeful about freedom.‎ B. The author is cautious about self-government.‎ C. The author is skeptical of Greek civilization.‎ D. The author is proud of man’s capacity.‎ ‎70. What is the author’s understanding of freedom?‎ A. Freedom can be more popular in the digital age.‎ B. Freedom may come to an end in the digital age.‎ C. Freedom should have priority over responsibility.‎ D. Freedom needs to be guaranteed by responsibility.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】65.D 66.C 67.A 68.B 69.A 70.D ‎18.【文化类短文阅读】【2015·广东】 D It was once common to regard Britain as a society with class distinction. Each class had unique characteristics.‎ In recent years, many writers have begun to speak the 'decline of class' and 'classless society' in Britain. And in modern day consumer society everyone is considered to be middle class. ‎ But pronouncing the death of class is too early. A recent wide-ranging society of public opinion found 90 percent of people still placing themselves in particular class; 73 percent agreed that class was still a vital part of British society; and 52 percent thought there were still sharp class differences. Thus, class may not be culturally and politically obvious, yet it remains an important part of British society. Britain seems to have a love of stratification.‎ One unchanging aspect of a British person's class position is accent. The words a person speaks tell her or his class. A study of British accents during 1970s found that a voice sounding like a BBC newsreader was viewed as the most attractive voice, Most people said this accent sounded 'educated' and 'soft'. The accents placed at the bottom in this study, on the other hand, were regional（地区的）city accents. These accents were seen as 'common' and 'ugly'. However, a similar study of British accents in the US turned these results upside down and placed some regional accents as the most attractive and BBC English as the least. This suggests that British attitudes towards accent have deep roots and are based on class prejudice.‎ In recent years, however, young upper middle-class people in London, have begun to adopt some regional accents, in order to hide their class origins. This is an indication of class becoming unnoticed. However, the 1995 pop song 'Common People' puts forward the view that though a middle-class person may 'want to live like common people' they can never appreciate the reality of a working-class life.‎ ‎41. A recent study of public opinion shows that in modern Britain ________. ‎ A. it is time to end class distinction B. most people belong to middle class C. it is easy to recognize a person’s class D. people regard themselves socially different ‎42. The word stratification in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________.‎ A. variety B. most people belong to middle class C. authority ‎ D. qualification ‎43. The study in the US showed that BBC English was regarded as _________.‎ A. regional B. educated C. prejudiced ‎ D. unattractive ‎44. British attitudes towards accent _________.‎ A. have a long tradition B. are based on regional status C. are shared by the Americans D. have changed in recent years ‎45. What is the main idea of the passage?‎ A. The middle class is expanding ‎ B. A person’s accent reflects his class C. Class is a key part of British society D. Each class has unique characteristics.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】41.D 42.B 43.D 44.D 45.C ‎19.【说明文阅读】【2015·四川】 C ‎ Across Britain, burnt toast will be served to mothers in bed this morning as older sons and daughters rush to deliver their supermarket bunches of flowers, But, according to a new study, we should be placing a higher value on motherhood all year.‎ ‎ Mothers have long known that their home workload was just as heavy as paid work. Now, the new study has shown that if they were paid for their parental labours, they would earn as much as＄172,000 a year.‎ ‎ The study looked at the range of jobs mothers do, as well as the hours they are working, to determine the figure. This would make their yearly income ￡30,000 more than the Prime Minister earns.‎ ‎ By analysing the numbers, it found the average mother works 119 hours a week,40 of which would usually be paid at a standard rate and 79 hours as overtime. After questioning 1,000 mothers with children under 18,it found that ,on most days, mums started their routine work at 7am and finished at around 11pm.‎ ‎ To calculate just how much mothers would earn from that labour, it suggested some of the roles that mums could take on, including housekeeper, part-time lawyer, personal trainer and entertainer. Being a part-time lawyer, at ￡48.98 an hour, would prove to be the most profitable of the “mum jobs”,with psychologist（心理学家）a close second.‎ It also asked mothers about the challenges they face, with 80 percent making emotional（情感的） demand as the hardest thing about motherhood.‎ Over a third of mums felt they needed more training and around half said they missed going out with friends.‎ The study shows mothers matter all year long and not just on Mother’s Day. The emotional ,physical and mental energy mothers devote to their children can be never-ending, but children are also sources of great joy and happiness. Investing（投入）in time for parenting and raising relationships is money well spent.‎ ‎38.How much would a mother earn a year if working as the Prime Minister?‎ ‎ A.￡30,000. B.￡142, 000.‎ ‎ C.￡172,000. D.￡202,000.‎ ‎39.The biggest challenge for most mothers is from .‎ ‎ A. emotional demand B. low pay for work ‎ C. heavy workload D. lack of training ‎40.What is stressed in the last paragraph?‎ ‎ A. Mothers’ importance shows in family all year long.‎ ‎ B. The sacrifices mothers make are huge but worthwhile.‎ ‎ C. Mothers’ devotion to children can hardly be calculated.‎ ‎ D. Investing time in parenting would bring a financial return.‎ ‎41.What can we conclude from the study?‎ ‎ A. Mothers’ working hours should be largely reduced.‎ ‎ B. Mothers should balance their time for work and rest.‎ ‎ C. Mothers’ labour is of a higher value than it is realised.‎ ‎ D .Mothers should be freed from housework for social life.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】38.B 39.A 40.B 41.C ‎20.【议论类短文阅读】【2015·天津】 D ‎ Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk, I went to a friend. He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice I’ve ever had: Be bold and brave — and mighty (强大的) forces will come to your aid.‎ Those words made me see clearly that when I had fallen short in the past, it was seldom because ‎ I had tried and failed. It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all. On the other hand, whenever I had plunged into deep water, forced by courage or circumstance, I had always been able to swim until I got my feet on the ground again.‎ Boldness means a decision to bite off more than you can eat. And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces. They are potential powers we possess: energy, skill, sound judgment, creative ideas — even physical strength greater than most of us realize.‎ ‎ Admittedly, those mighty forces are spiritual ones. But they are more important than physical ones. A college classmate of mine, Tim, was an excellent football player, even though he weighed much less than the average player. “In one game I suddenly found myself confronting a huge player, who had nothing but me between him and our goal line,” said Tim. “I was so frightened that I closed my eyes and desperately threw myself at that guy like a bullet（子弹） — and stopped him cold.”‎ ‎ Boldness — a willingness to extend yourself to the extreme—is not one that can be acquired overnight. But it can be taught to children and developed in adults. Confidence builds up. Surely, there will be setbacks (挫折) and disappointments in life; boldness in itself is no guarantee of success. But the person who tries to do something and fails is a lot better off than the person who tries to do nothing and succeeds.‎ ‎ So, always try to live a little bit beyond your abilities—and you’ll find your abilities are greater than you ever dreamed.‎ ‎51. Why was the author sometimes unable to reach his goal in the past?‎ A. He faced huge risks.‎ B. He lacked mighty forces.‎ C. Fear prevented him from trying.‎ D. Failure blocked his way to success.‎ ‎52. What is the implied meaning of the underlined part?‎ A. Swallow more than you can digest.‎ B. Act slightly above your abilities.‎ C. Develop more mysterious powers.‎ D. Learn to make creative decisions.‎ ‎53. What was especially important for Tim’s successful defense in the football game?‎ A. His physical strength. B. His basic skill.‎ C. His real fear. D. His spiritual force.‎ ‎54. What can be learned from Paragraph 5?‎ ‎ A. Confidence grows more rapidly in adults.‎ B. Trying without success is meaningless.‎ C. Repeated failure creates a better life.‎ D. Boldness can be gained little by little.‎ ‎55. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?‎ A. To encourage people to be courageous.‎ B. To advise people to build up physical power.‎ C. To tell people the ways to guarantee success.‎ D. To recommend people to develop more abilities.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】51.C 52.B 53.D 54.D 55.A ‎ ‎21.【教育类阅读】【2015·浙江】 A From the very beginning of school we make books and reading a constant source of possible ‎ failure and public humiliation. When children are little we make them read aloud, before the teacher and other children, so that we can be sure they “know” all the words they are reading. This means that when they don’t know a word, they are going to make a mistake, right in front of everyone. After having taught fifth-grade classes for four years, I decided to try at all costs to rid them of their fear and dislike of books, and to get them to read oftener and more adventurously.‎ One day soon after school had started, I said to them, “Now I’m going to say something about reading that you have probably never heard a teacher say before. I would like you to read a lot of books this year, but I want you to read them only for pleasure. I am not going to ask you questions to find out whether you understand the books or not. If you understand enough of a book to enjoy it and want to go on reading it, that’s enough for me. Also I’m not going to ask you what words mean. The children sat stunned and silent. Was this a teacher talking? One girl, who had just come to us from a school where she had had a very hard time, looked at me steadily for a long time after I had finished. Then, still looking at me, she said slowly and seriously, Mr Holt, do you really mean that?” I said just as seriously, “I mean every word of it.‎ During the spring she really astonished me. One day, she was reading at her desk, From a glimpse of the illustrations I thought I knew what the book was. I said to myself, “It can’t be,” and went to take a closer look. Sure enough, she was reading Moby Dick , in edition with woodcuts. I said, “Don’t you find parts of it rather heavy going?” She answered, Oh, sure, but I just skip over those parts and go on to the next good part. “‎ This is exactly what reading should be and in school so seldom is, an exciting, joyous adventure. Find something, dive into it, take the good parts, skip the bad parts, get what you can out of it, go on to something else. How different is our mean-spirited, picky insistence that every child get every last little scrap of “understanding” that can be dug out of a book.‎ ‎41. According to the passage, children’s fear and dislike of books may result from________.‎ A. reading little and thinking little ‎ B. reading often and adventurously C. being made to read too much D. being made to read aloud before others ‎42. The teacher told his students to read______ .‎ A. for enjoyment B. for knowledge C. for a larger vocabulary D. for higher scores in exams ‎43. Upon hearing the teacher’s talk, the children probably felt that________.‎ A. it sounded stupid B. it was not surprising at all C. it sounded too good to be true D. it was no different from other teachers' talk ‎44. Which of the following statements about the girl is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A. She skipped over those easy parts while reading.‎ B. She had a hard time finishing the required reading tasks.‎ C. She learned to appreciate some parts of the difficult books.‎ D. She turned out to be a top student after coming to this school.‎ ‎45. From the teacher's point of view,_________ .‎ A. children cannot tell good parts from bad parts while reading B. children should be left to decide what to read and how to read C. reading is never a pleasant and inspiring experience in school D. reading involves understanding every little piece of information ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】41.D 42.A 43.C 44.C 45.B ‎22.【人生感悟类阅读】【2015·浙江】 D ‎ In 2004 ,when my daughter Becky was ten , she and my husband ,Joe, were united in their desire for a dog . As for me , I shared none of their canine lust.‎ ‎ But why , they pleaded. “Because I don’t have time to take care of a dog.” But we’ll do it. ” Really? You’re going to walk the dog? Feed the dog? Bathe the dog?” Yes, yes , and yes .”I don’t believe you .” We will . We promise.‎ ‎ They didn’t . From day two (everyone wanted to walk the cute puppy that first day ) , neither thought to walk the dog . While I was slow to accept that I would be the one to keep track of her shots , to schedule her vet appointments , to feed and clean her , Misty knew this on day one . As she looked up at the three new humans in her life (small, medium, and large) , she calculated ,”The medium one is the sucker in the pack .”‎ ‎ Quickly, she and I developed something very similar to a Vulcan mind meld (心灵融合) . She’d look at me with those sad brown eyes of hers , beam her need , and then wait , trusting I would understand — which , strangely , I almost always did . In no time , she became my feet as I read , and splaying across my stomach as I watched television .‎ ‎ Even so , part of me continued to resent walking duty . Joe and Becky had promised. Not fair , I’d balk (不心甘情愿地做) silently as she and I walked . “Not fair , ” I’ d loudly remind anyone within earshot upon our return home .‎ ‎ Then one day — January 1, 2007 , to be exact — my husband ‘ s doctor uttered an unthinkable word : leukemia ( 白血病) .With that , I spent eight to ten hours a day with Joe in the hospital , doing anything and everything I could to ease his discomfort. During those six months of hospitalizations, Becky, 12 at the time, adjusted to other adults being in the house when she returned from school. My work colleagues adjusted to my taking off at a moment's notice for medical emergencies. Every part of my life changed; no part of my old routine remained.‎ ‎ Save one: Misty still needed walking. At the beginning, when friends offered to take her through her paces, I declined because I knew they had their own households to deal with.‎ ‎ As the months went by，I began to realize that I actually wanted to walk Misty. The walk in the morning before I headed to the hospital was a quiet, peaceful time to gather my thoughts or to just be before the day's medical drama unfolded. The evening walk was a time to shake off the day's upsets and let the worry tracks in my head go to white noise.‎ ‎ When serious illness visits your household, it's , not just your daily routine and your assumptions about the future that are no longer familiar. Pretty much everyone you acts differently.‎ ‎ Not Misty. Take her for a walk, and she had no interest in Joe's blood counts or ’one marrow test results. On the street or in the park, she had only one thing on her mind: squirrels! She Was so joyous that even on the worst days, she could make me smile. On a daily basis she reminded me that life goes on.‎ ‎ After Joe died in 2009，Misty slept on his pillow.‎ I'm grateful一to a point. The truth is, after years of balking, I've come to enjoy m’ walks with Misty. As I watch her chase after a squirrel, throwing her whole being into the here-and-now of an exercise that has never once ended in victory, she reminds me, too, that no matter how harsh the present or unpredictable the future , there's almost always some measure of joy to be extracted from the moment.‎ ‎55. why didn't the writer agree to raise a dog at the beginning of the story?‎ A. She was afraid the dog would get the family, into trouble.‎ B. It would be her business to take care of the dog C. Her husband and daughter were united as one.‎ D. She didn't want to spoil he’ daughter.‎ ‎56. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to "The medium one is “he sucker in the pack.” (Paragraph 3)?‎ A. "The middle-aged person loves me most.”‎ B. ”The medium-sized woman is the hostess.”‎ C. "The man in the middle is the one who has the final say.”‎ D. "The woman is the kind and trustworthy one in the family.”‎ ‎57. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that_______.‎ A. Misty was quite clever B. Misty could solve math problems C. the writer was a slow learner D. no one walked Misty the first day ‎58. The story came to its turning point when________.‎ A. Joe died in 2009‎ B. Joe fell ill in 2007‎ C. the writer began to walk the dog D. the dog tired to please the writer ‎ ‎59. Why did the writer continue to walk Misty while Joe was in hospital?‎ ‎ A. Misty couldn’t live without her B. Her friends didn’t offer any help C. The walk provided her with spiritual comfort.‎ D. She didn't want Misty to ’others companion.‎ ‎60. What is the message the writer wants to convey in the passage?‎ ‎ A. One should learn to enjoy hard times.‎ ‎ B .A disaster can change everything in life.‎ ‎ C. Moments of joy suggest that there is still hope ahead.‎ D. People will change their attitude toward you when you are in difficulty.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】55.B 56.D 57.A 58.B 59.C 60.C ‎23.【社会生活类阅读】【2015·重庆】 B In ancient Egypt, a shopkeeper discovered that he could attract customers to his shop simply by making changes to its environment. Modern businesses have been following his lead,with more tactics（策略）.‎ One tactic involves where to display the goods. Foe example, stores place fruits and vegetables in the first section. They know that customers who buy the healthy food first will feel happy so that they will buy more junk food（垃圾食品）later in their trip. In department stores, section is generally next to the women’s cosmetics(化妆品) section：while the shop assistant is going back to find the right size shoe, bored customers are likely to wander over cosmetics they might want to try later. ‎ Besides, businesses seek to appeal to customers’ senses. Stores notice that the smell of baked goods encourages shopping, they make their own bread each morning and then fan the bread smell into the store throughout the day. Music sells goods, too. Researchers in Britain found that when French music was played, sales of French wine went up. ‎ When it comes to the selling of houses, businesses also use highly rewarding tactics. They find that customers make decision in the first few second upon walking in the door, and turn it into a business opportunity. A California builder designed the structure of its houses smartly. When entering the house, the customer would see the Pacific Ocean through the windows, and then the poll through an open stairway leading to the lower level. The instant view of water on both levels helped sell these $10 million houses.‎ ‎40. Why do stores usually display fruits and vegetables in the first section?‎ A. To save customers times.‎ B. To show they are high quality foods.‎ C. To help sell junk food.‎ D. To sell them at discount prices.‎ ‎41. According to Paragraph 3, which of the following encourages customers to buy?‎ A. Opening the store early in the morning.‎ B. Displaying British wines next to French ones.‎ C. Inviting customers to play music.‎ D. Filling the store with the smell of fresh bread.‎ ‎42. What is the California builder’s story intended to prove?‎ A. The house structure is a key factor customers consider.‎ B. The more costly the house is, the better it sells.‎ C. An ocean view is much to the customers’ taste.‎ D. A good first impression increases sales.‎ ‎43. What is the main purpose of the passage?‎ A. To explain how businesses turn people into their customers.‎ B. To introduces how businesses have grown from the past.‎ C. To report researches on customer behavior.‎ D. To show dishonest business practices.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】40.C 41.D 42.D 43.A ‎24.【文化类阅读】【2015·重庆】 E The values of artistic works, according to cultural relativism(相对主义), are simply reflections of local social and economic conditions. Such a view, however, fails to explain the ability of some works of art to excite the human mind across cultures and through centuries.‎ History has witnessed the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world. It is never rare to find that Mozart packs Japanese concert halls, as Japanese painter Hiroshige does Paris galleries, Unique works of this kind are different from today’s popular art, even if they began as works of popular art. They have set themselves apart in their timeless appeal and will probably be enjoyed for centuries into the future.‎ In a 1757 essay, the philosopher David Hume argued that because“the general principles of taste are uniform(不变的) in human nature,”the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent. He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years. Works of this type, he believed, spoke to deep and unvarying features of human nature and could continue to exist over centuries.‎ Now researchers are applying scientific methods to the study of the universality of art. For example, evolutionary psychology is being used by literary scholars to explain the long-lasting themes and plot devices in fiction. The structures of musical pieces are now open to experimental analysis as never before. Research findings seem to indicate that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as the discovery by a great scientist.‎ ‎52. According to the passage, what do we know about cultural relativism?‎ A. It introduces different cultural values.‎ B. It explains the history of artistic works.‎ C. It relates artistic values to local conditions.‎ D. It excites the human mind throughout the world.‎ ‎53. In Paragraph 2, the artists are mentioned in order to show that _____ .‎ A. great works of art can go beyond national boundaries B. history gives art works special appeal to set them apart C. popular arts are hardly distinguishable from great arts D. great artists are skilled at combining various cultures ‎54. According to Hume, some works of art can exist for centuries because_____.‎ A .they are results of scientific study B. they establish some general principles of art C. they are created by the world’s greatest artists D. they appeal to unchanging features of human nature ‎55. Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?‎ A. Are Artistic Values Universal? B. Are Popular Arts Permanent?‎ C. Is Human Nature Uniform? D. Is Cultural Relativism Scientific?‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】52.C 53.A 54.D 55.A ‎25.【心理类短文阅读】【2015·安徽】 C ‎ As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remember less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.‎ ‎ In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could ‎ find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.‎ ‎ In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the Internet. The information was in a specific computer folder (文件夹). Surprisingly, people later remember the folder location (位置) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called "transactive memory (交互记忆)".‎ ‎ According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesn't mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.‎ ‎64. The passage begins with two questions to ______. ‎ ‎ A. introduce the main topic B. show the author's altitude C. describe how to use the Interne. D. explain how to store information ‎65. What can we learn about the first experiment?‎ A. Sparrow's team typed the information into a computer. ‎ B. The two groups remembered the information equally well.‎ C. The first group did not try to remember the formation. ‎ D. The second group did not understand the information.‎ ‎66. In transactive memory, people ______.‎ A. keep the information in mind B. change the quantity of information ‎ C. organize information like a computer D. remember how to find the information ‎67. What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrow's research? ‎ A. We are using memory differently. B. We are becoming more intelligent.‎ C. We have poorer memories than before. D. We need a better way to access information.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】64. A 65. C 66. D 67. A ‎26.【社会类短文阅读】【2015·安徽】 E ‎ Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways. Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust. Food can also have a specific meaning, and play a significant role in a family or culture's celebrations or traditions. The foods we eat—and when and how we eat them—are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural (农村的) and urban areas within one country.‎ ‎ Sharing bread, whether during a special occasion (时刻) or at the family dinner table, is a common symbol of togetherness. Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests. Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread, so this tradition hits its roots in the custom of sharing bread.‎ ‎ Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations. In the southern United States, pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity (兴旺) in the New Year. In Greece, people share a special cake called vasilopita. A coin is put into the cake, which signifies (预示) success in the New Year for the person who receives it.‎ ‎ Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child, and food can play a significant role. In China, when a baby is one month old, families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red-colored eggs to guests. In many cultures, round foods such as grapes, bread, and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.‎ ‎ Nutrition is necessary for life, so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.‎ ‎72. According to the passage, sharing bread______.‎ A. indicates a lack of food B. can help to develop unity C. is a custom unique to rural areas D. has its roots in birthday celebrations ‎73. What does the coin in vasilopita signify for its receiver in the New Year?‎ A. Trust. B. Success. C. Health. D. Togetherness.‎ ‎74. The author explains the role of food in celebrations by______.‎ A. using examples B. making comparisons C. analyzing causes D. describing processes ‎75. What is the passage mainly about?‎ A. The custom of sharing food. B. The specific meaning of food.‎ C. The role of food in ceremonies. D. The importance of food in culture.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】72. B 73. B 74. A 75. D ‎27.【社会现象类短文阅读】【2015·湖南】 A Forget Cyclists, Pedestrians are Real Danger We are having a debate about this topic. Here are some letters from our readers.‎ ‎ ■Yes, many cyclists behave dangerously. Many drivers are disrespectful of cyclists. But pedestrians are probably the worse offenders.‎ ‎ People of all ages happily walk along the pavement with eyes and hands glued to the mobile phone, quite unaware of what is going on around them. They may even do the same thing while crossing a road at a pedestrian crossing or elsewhere. The rest of us have to evade (避让) them or just stand still to wait for the unavoidable collision.‎ ‎ The real problem is that some pedestrians seem to be, at least for the moment, in worlds of their own that are, to them, much more important than the welfare of others.‎ ‎ ——Michael Horan ‎ ■I love the letter from Bob Brooks about cyclists (Viewpoints, May 29). I am afraid they seem to think they own the roads.‎ ‎ I was walking across Altrincham Road one morning when a cyclist went round me and on being asked what he was doing he shouted at me.‎ ‎ The government built a cycle lane on the road but it is hardly used.‎ ‎ The police do nothing. What a laugh they are!‎ ‎ The cyclists should all have to be made to use the cycle lanes and wear helmets, fluorescent (发荧光的) jacket and lights at night and in the morning they should pay some sort of tax and be fined for not wearing them.‎ ‎ ——Carol Harvey ‎ ■Cyclists jump on and off pavements (which are meant for pedestrians), ride at speed along the pavements, and think they have a special right to go through traffic lights when they are on red.‎ ‎ I was almost knocked down recently by a cyclist riding on the pavement when there was a cycle lane right next to him.‎ ‎ Other road users, including horse riders, manage to obey the rules so why not cyclists?‎ ‎ It's about time they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident, at least they can be treated and there might be an opportunity to claim.‎ ‎ ——JML ‎ Write to Viewpoints of the newspaper.‎ ‎56.Michael Horan wrote the letter mainly to show that _______.‎ ‎ A. drivers should be polite to cyclists ‎ B. road accidents can actually be avoided ‎ C. sine pedestrians are a threat to road safety ‎ D. walking while using phones hurts one's eyes ‎57.Carol Harvey suggests that cyclists should _______.‎ ‎ A. be provided with enough roads ‎ B. be asked to ride on their own lanes ‎ C. be made to pay less tax for cycling ‎ D. be fined for laughing at policemen ‎58.What is a complaint of JML? ‎ ‎ A. Very few drivers are insured.‎ ‎ B. Cyclists ride fast on pavements.‎ ‎ C. Pedestrians go through red traffic lights.‎ ‎ D. Horse riders disrespect other road users.‎ ‎59.The underlined word "they" in the third letter refers to ______.‎ ‎ A. accidents B. vehicles ‎ C. pedestrians D. cyclists ‎60.The three letters present viewpoints on _______.‎ ‎ A. real source of road danger ‎ B. ways to improve road facilities ‎ C. measures to punish road offences ‎ D. increased awareness of road rules ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】56．C 57．B 58．B 59．D 60．A ‎28.【社会生活类短文阅读】【2015·湖南】 C ‎ Have your parents ever inspected your room to see if you cleaned it properly? Imagine having your entire houses, garage, and yard inspected at any time -- with no warning. Inspections were a regular part of lighthouse (灯塔) living, and a keeper's reputation depended on results. A few times each year, an inspector arrived to look over the entire light station. The inspections were supposed to be a surprise, but keeper sometimes had advance notice.‎ Once lighthouses had telephones, keepers would call each other to warn that the inspector was approaching. After boats began flying special flags nothing the inspector aboard, the keeper's family made it a game to see who could notice the boat first. As soon as someone spotted the boat, everyone would do last-minute tidying and change into fancy clothes. The keeper then scurried to put on his dress uniform and cap. Children of keepers remember inspectors wearing white gloves to run their fingers over door frames and windowsills looking for dust.‎ Despite the serious nature of inspections, they resulted in some funny moments. Betty Byrnes remembered when her mother did not have time to wash all the dishes before an inspection. At the time, people did not have dishwashers in their homes. In an effort to clean up quickly, Mrs. Byrnes tossed all the dishes into a big bread pan, covered them with a cloth and stuck them in the oven. If the inspector opened the oven door, it would look like bread was baking. he never did.‎ One day, Glenn Furst's mother put oil on the kitchen floor just before the inspector entered ‎ their house. Like floor wax, the oil made the floors shiny and helped protect the wood. This time, though, she used a little too much oil. When the inspector extended his hand to greet Glenn's mother, he slipped on the freshly oiled surface. "He came across that floor waving his arms like a young bird attempting its first flight," Glenn late wrote. After he steadied himself, he shook Glenn's mother's hand, and the inspection continued as though nothing had happened.‎ ‎66.What does Paragraph I tell us about the inspection at the light station?‎ ‎ A. It was carried out once a year.‎ ‎ B. It was often announced in advance.‎ ‎ C. It was important for the keeper's fame.‎ ‎ D. It was focused on the garage and yard.‎ ‎67.The family began making preparations immediately after ______.‎ ‎ A. one of the members saw the boat ‎ B. a warning call reached the lighthouse ‎ C. the keeper put on the dress uniform and cap ‎ D. the inspector flew special flags in the distance ‎68.Mrs. Byrnes put the dishes in the oven because this would ______.‎ ‎ A. result in some fun ‎ B. speed up washing them ‎ C. make her home look tidy ‎ D. be a demand from the inspector ‎ ‎69.If the inspector had opened the oven door, he would have seen _______. ‎ ‎ A. an empty pan ‎ B. many clean dishes ‎ C. pieces of baked bread ‎ D. a cloth covering something ‎70.The inspector waved his arms ______.‎ ‎ A. to try his best to keep steady ‎ B. to show his satisfaction with the floor ‎ C. to extend a warm greeting to Glenn's mother ‎ D. to express his intention to continue the inspection ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】66．C 67．A 68．C 69．D 70．A ‎29.【社会生活类短文阅读】【2015·新课标全国II】 C More students than ever before are taking a gap year(间隔年) before going to university. It used to be the “year off” between school and university. The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源) with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.‎ This year, 25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year, according to statistics on university entrance provided by the University and College Admissions Service (UCAS).‎ That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year. Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education. “Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible,” he said.‎ But not everyone is happy. Owain James, the president of the National Union of Students (NUS), argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship – young people are being forced into ‎ earning money before finishing their education. “New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to￡15,000 in debt. It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree. NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacating periods,” he said.‎ ‎29. What do we learn about the gap year from the text?‎ A. It is flexible in length.‎ B. It is a time for relaxation C. It is increasingly popular D. It is required by universities ‎30. According to Tony Higgins. students taking a gap year ____.‎ A. are better prepared for college studies B. know a lot more about their future job C. are more likely to leave university in debt D. have a better chance to enter top universities ‎31. How does Owain James feel about the gap-year phenomenon?‎ A. He’s puzzled B. He’s worried C. He’s surprised D. He’s annoyed ‎32. What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics?‎ A. Attend additional courses.‎ B. Make plans for the new term C. Earn money for their education D. Prepare for their graduate studies ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】29. C 30. A 31. B 32. C ‎30.【历史文化类阅读】【2015·福建】 A Food festivals around the world Stilton Cheese Rolling May Day is a traditional day for celebrations, but the 2,000 English villagers of Stilton must be the only people in the world who include checsc rolling in their annual plans. Teams of four,dressed in a variety of strange and funny clothes , roll a complete cheese along a 50-metre course. On the way, they must not kick or throw their cheese, or go into their competitors' lane. Competition is fierce and the chief prize is a complete Stilton cheese weighing about four kilos (disappointingly, but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wooden ones). All the competitors arc served with beer or port wine, the traditional accompaniment for Stilton cheese. Fiery Foods Festival—The Hottest Festival on Earth Every year more than 10,000 people head for the city of Albuquerque, New Mexico. They come from as far away as Australia, the Caribbean and China, but they all share a common addiction—food that is not just spicy ,but hot enough to make your mouth burn, your head spin and your eyes water. Their destination is the Fiery Eood and BBQ Festival which is held over a period of three clays every March. You might like to try a chocolate-covered habanero pepper—officially the hottest pepper in the world—or any one of the thousands of products that are on show. But one thing's for sure—if you don't like the feeling of a burning tongue, this festival isn't for you! La Tomatina—The World's Biggest Food Fight On the last Wednesday of every August, the Spanish town of Bunol hosts Ea Tomatina—the world's largest food fight. A week-long celebration leads up to an exciting tomato battle as the highlight of the week's events. The early morning sees the arrival of large trucks with tomatoes—official fight-starters get things going by casting tomatoes at the crowd.‎ The battle lasts little more than half an hour, in which time around 50,000 kilograms of tomatoes have been thrown at anyone or anything that moves, runs, or fights back. Then everyone heads down to the river to make friends again—and for a much-needed wash!‎ ‎56. In the Stilton cheese rolling competition, competitors on each team must .‎ A. wear various formal clothes B. roll a wooden cheese in their own lane C. kick or throw their cheese D. use a real cheese weighing about four kilos ‎57.Where is the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival held?‎ A. In New Mexico. B. In the Caribbean. C. In Australia. D. In China.‎ ‎58.The celebration of La Tomatina lasts .‎ A. three days B. seven days C. less than three days D. more than seven days ‎59.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A. The chief prize for the Stilton cheese rolling competition is beer or port wine.‎ B.More than 10,000 Chinese take pail in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.‎ C. Thousands of spicy foods are on show in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival. D. An exciting tomato battle takes place at the beginning of La Tomatina.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】56.B 57.A 58.B 59.C ‎31.【人生感悟类阅读】【2015·福建】 D Life can be so wonderful, full of adventure and joy. It can also be full of challenges, setbacks and heartbreaks. Whatever our circumstances, we generally still have dreams, hopes and desires—that little something more we want for ourselves and our loved ones. Yet knowing we can have more can also create a problem, because when we go to change the way we do things, up come the old patterns and pitfalls that stopped us from seeking what we wanted in the first place.‎ This tension between what we feel we can have and "what wre're seemingly able to have is the niggling suffering, the anxiety we feel. This is where we usually think it's easier to just give ‎ up. But we're never meant to let go of the part of us that knows we can have more. The intelligence behind that knowing is us—the real us. It's the part that believes in life and its possibilities. If you drop that, you begin to feel a little "dead" inside because you're dropping "you".‎ So, if we have this capability but somehow life seems to keep us stuck, how do we break these patterns? Decide on a new course and make one decision at a time. This is good advice for a new adventure or just getting through today's challenges.‎ While, deep down, we know we can do it, our mind—or the minds of those close to us—usually says we can't. That isn't a reason to stop, it's just the mind, that little man or woman on your shoulder, trying to talk you out of something again. It has done it many times before. It's all about starting simple and doing it now.‎ Decide and act before overthinking. When you do this you may feel a little, or large, release from the jail of your mind and you'll be on your way.‎ ‎68.It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that we should .‎ A.slow down and live a simple life B.be careful when we choose to change C.stick to our dreams under any circumstances D.be content with what we already have ‎69.What is the key to breaking the old patterns? A. To focus on every detail. B. To decide and take immediate action. C. To listen to those close to us. D. To think twice before we act.‎ ‎70.Which of the following best explains the underlined part in the last paragraph? A. Escape from your punishment B. Realization of your dreams. C. Freedom from your tension. D. Reduction of your expectations.‎ ‎71.What does the author intend to tell us?‎ A.It's easier than we think to get what we want.‎ B. It's important to learn to accept sufferings in life.‎ C. It's impractical to change our way of thinking.‎ D. It's harder than we expect to follow a new course. ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】68.C 69.B 70.C 71.A ‎32.【说明文阅读】【2015·福建】 E Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and sustain(保持) a healthy lifestyle. Group exercise is challenging, yet fun and empowering! Of course everyone knows that exercise is good for the body. However, studies have shown that when exercise is performed in groups, it's not only great for improving physical health but for psychological health. It's an opportunity to be social, release endorphins(内啡肽), and improve your strength. Additionally, group exercise creates a community feel and the shared common goal motivates participants to work hard. The instrumental support of taking on a fitness journey with others proves more effective than going to the gym alone. ‎ Another beneficial aspect of group exercise is the informational support participants receive from the instructor. Many people fear the gym because they feel lost and don't want to embarrass themselves. If you feel you can relate, then group training is an even better option for you. It's a great opportunity to learn more about fitness through the clear instruction and supervision(监管) of a fitness instructor. If you're tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored, you can attend an upbeat group fitness class that'll keep your workout on track. Don't let fitness frighten you!‎ If you're serious about wanting to live a healthy lifestyle, it's extremely important to surround yourself with people who'll provide you with the proper emotional support. I wouldn't ‎ scold anyone for deciding to party on weekends and in turn I wouldn't expect anyone to give offence to me for focusing on my health. Surround yourself with people who uplift, encourage and understand you! Make fitness even more fun by trying something new or any group fitness class, with a friend. Plan to go for a jog together. Then try a fun healthy restaurant or fresh juice bar! Fitness can be both fun and social!‎ Surrounding yourself with people who'll provide you with respect support can be very beneficial while working towards reaching health and fitness goals. First, decide to do it for yourself and work towards staying positive. Then make sure the people you surround yourself with are supportive. Don't let negativity ruin your motivation.（360） 72. The first paragraph focuses on .‎ A. the greatest challenge of group exercise B. the most effective way to improve physical fitness C. the contribution of group exercise to psychological health D. the shared common goal in performing exercise in groups ‎73. The underlined word "upbeat" in the second paragraph probably means " ‎ ‎ A. cheerful B. average C. serious D. temporal*)'‎ ‎74. When it comes to emotional support, the author thinks it necessary ‎ A. to sustain a colorful lifestyle ‎ B. to party on weekends with positive people ‎ C. to try a fun healthy restaurant regularly ‎ D. to surround yourself with supportive people ‎75. What would be the best title for the passage?‎ ‎ A. Seeking Support B. Supporting Health ‎ C. Improving Your Strength D. Building Up Fitness ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】72.C 73.A 74.D 75.B ‎33.【记叙类短文阅读】【2015·新课标全国I】 B The freezing Northeast hasn’t been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter, so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota, Florida, my bags were packed before you could say “sunshine”. I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C(维生素C), thinking of beaches and orange trees. When we touched down to blue skies and warm air, I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness. Swimming pools, wine tasting, and pink sunsets(at normal evening hours, not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend, but the best part - particularly to my taste, dulled by months of cold- weather root vegetables- was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers’ market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call.‎ ‎ The market, which was founded in 1979, sets up its tents every Saturday from 7:00 am to 1 p.m., rain or shine, along North Lemon and State streets. Baskets of perfect red strawberries; the red-painted sides of the Java Dawg coffee truck; and most of all, the tomatoes: amazing, large, soft and round red tomatoes.‎ Disappointed by many a broken, vine-ripened(蔓上成熟的) promise, I’ve refused to buy winter tomatoes for years. No matter how attractive they look in the store, once I get them home they’re unfailingly dry, hard, and tasteless. But I homed in, with uncertainty, on one particular table at the Brown’s Grove Farm’s stand, full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my fist. These were the real deal- and at that moment, I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home in New York I wouldn’t be experiencing again for months.‎ ‎ Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when I learned that Brown’s Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, where - luckily for me - I was planning to have dinner that very night. Without even seeing the menu, I knew I’d be ordering every tomato on it.‎ ‎24. What did the author think of her winter life in New York?‎ A. Exciting. B. Boring. ‎ C. Relaxing. D. Annoying.‎ ‎25. What made the author’s getting up late early worthwhile?‎ A. Having a swim.‎ B. Breathing in fresh air.‎ C. Walking in the morning sun.‎ D. Visiting a local farmer’s market.‎ ‎26. What can we learn about tomatoes sold in New York in winter?‎ A. They are soft.‎ B. They look nice.‎ C. They taste great.‎ D. They are juicy.‎ ‎27. What was the author going to that evening?‎ A. Go to a farm. ‎ B. Check into a hotel.‎ C. Eat in a restaurant.‎ D. Buy fresh vegetables ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】24. B 25. D 26. B 27. C ‎ ‎34.【历史文化类阅读】【2015·上海】 A Look to many of history’s cultural symbols, and there you’ll find an ancestor of Frosty, the snowman in the movie Frozen. It appeared on some of the first postcards, starred in some of the earliest silent movies, and was the subject of a couple of the earliest photos, dating all the way back to the 1800s. I discovered even more about one of humanity’s earliest forms of life art during several years of research around the world.‎ For example, snowmen were a phenomenon in the Middle Ages, built with great skill and thought. At a time of limited means of expression, snow was like free art supplies dropped from the sky. It was a popular activity for couples to leisurely walk through town to view the temporary works of chilly art. Some were created by famous artists, including a 19-year-old Michelangelo, who in 1494 was appointed by the ruler of Florence, Italy, to build a snowman in his mansion’s courtyard.‎ The Miracle of 1511 took place during six freezing works called the Winter of Death. The city of Brussels was covered in snowmen—an impressive scene that told stories on every street corner. Some were political in nature, criticizing the church and government. Some were a reflection of people’s imagination. For the people of Brussels, this was a defining moment of defining freedom. At least until spring arrived, by which time they were dealing with damaging floods.‎ If you fear the heyday of the snowman has passed, don’t worry: I’ve learned that some explosive snowman history is still being made today. Every year since 1818, the people of Zurich, Switzerland, celebrate the beginning of spring by blowing up a snowman. On the third Monday of April, the holiday Sechselauten is kicked off when a cotton snowman called the Boogg is stuffed with explosive and paraded through town by bakers and other tradesmen who throw bread to the crowds. The parade ends with the Boogg being placed on a 40-foot pile of firewood. After the bells of the Church of St. Peter have rung six times, representing the passing of winter, the pile is lit. When the snowman explodes, winter is considered officially over—the quicker it is burnt down, the longer summer is said to be.‎ ‎66. According to the passage, why did snowmen become a phenomenon in the Middle Ages?‎ A. People thought of snow as holy art supplies.‎ B. People longed to see masterpieces of snow.‎ C. Building snowmen was a way for people to express themselves.‎ D. Building snowmen helped people develop their skill and thought.‎ ‎67. “The heyday of the snowman” （paragraph 4） means the time when___________.‎ A. snowmen were made mainly by artists B. snowmen enjoyed great popularity C. snowmen were politically criticized D. snowmen caused damaging floods ‎68. In Zurich, the blowing up of the Boogg symbolizes__________________.‎ A. the start of the parade B. the coming of a longer summer C. the passing of the winter D. the success of tradesmen ‎69. What can be concluded about snowmen from the passage?‎ A. They were appreciated in history B. They have lost their value C. They were related to movies D. They vary in shape and size ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】66. C 67. B 68. C 69. A ‎2017年真题 ‎1.【文学艺术类阅读】【2017·全国卷Ⅰ】‎ C Some of the world's most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.‎ Despite the celebrations, though, in the US the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.‎ It's Jason Moran's job to help change that. As the Kennedy Centre's artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.‎ ‎“Jazz seems like it's not really a part of the American appetite，” Moran tells National Public Radio's reporter Neal Conan. “What I'm hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore. It's actually colour, and it's actually digital.”‎ Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. “The music can't be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same，” says Moran.‎ Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller's music for a dance party, “just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music，” says Moran. “For me, it's the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(情感) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟) on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and ‎ our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context，” says Moran, “so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.”‎ ‎28．Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?‎ A．To remember the birth of jazz.‎ B．To protect cultural diversity.‎ C．To encourage people to study music.‎ D．To recognize the value of jazz.‎ ‎29．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to?‎ A．Jazz becoming more accessible.‎ B．The production of jazz growing faster.‎ C．Jazz being less popular with the young.‎ D．The jazz audience becoming larger. ‎ ‎30．What can we infer about Moran's opinion on jazz?‎ A．It will disappear gradually.‎ B．It remains black and white.‎ C．It should keep up with the times.‎ D．It changes every 50 years.‎ ‎31．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ A．Exploring the future of jazz B．The rise and fall of jazz C．The story of a jazz musician D．Celebrating the Jazz Day ‎28. D　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.”可知，联合国教科文组织把4月30号定为国际爵士乐日是为了让人们重视爵士乐，意识到它的重要性以及它作为联接各文化的纽带的潜在功能，也就是为了让人们意识到爵士乐的价值。故选D。‎ ‎29. C　代词指代题。根据前文“Despite the celebrations, though, in the US the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.”可知，尽管联合国教科文组织为爵士乐设定了纪念日，但美国的爵士乐听众依然在减少，并且年龄在老化。爵士乐没能将年轻一代人与老一代人联接起来。再结合“It's Jason Moran's job to help change that.”可知，Jason Moran的工作就是帮助改变上述情况，所以可推测that指代的是前文中爵士乐在年轻一代人中失去吸引力的现象。故选C。‎ ‎30. C　推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的“‘The music can't be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same…’”可知，Moran认为爵士乐不能以1908或1958年的方式来呈现了，因为世界运转的方式不同，所以爵士乐必须继续前进才行。这说明随着时代的发展，爵士乐也要跟上时代才不会被年轻一代所抛弃。故选C。‎ ‎31. A　主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文的主要内容是联合国教科文组织为提高人们对爵士乐的重视设立爵士乐日，但实际收效甚微。有人认为爵士乐应随着时代的进步而进步，否则将失去吸引力。本文主要探索爵士乐的未来，故选A。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 通常情况下，文章的标题具有概括性、针对性、醒目性的特点。概括性就是指标题应在最大程度上覆盖全文，囊括文章的主要内容，体现文章的主题。针对性是对标题外延的一种界定，标题要直接指向文章的主要特点。而醒目性是为了吸引读者的注意力，唤起读者对文章阅读的兴趣。考试中标题选择的题型一般是基础标题的概括性进行设题。解答这一类题型，考生可以从以下几点着手：‎ 一、在阅读文章时，要注意文章中反复出现或强调的信息，寻找与文章大多数内容相关的信息，找出覆盖全文的核心词汇，看选项内容是否切中文章的中心论题，也就是要看选项内容与作者的写作目的是否一致。‎ 二、了解文章主要论题的关键是找到全文的主题句。主题句通常在文章首段，但是也可能在文章的末段、在文章的某一段落，或者分散在文章的各个段落中。如果每个段落都有主题句，那么把各段落的主题句的中心思想集中起来，即为全文的主题句。‎ 三、逆向思维法 如果考生觉得文章大意难以总结，不妨采取逆向思维，从四个选项下手。也就是思考四个选项：如果我是作者，遇到这样的标题，文章应该写些什么内容？‎ ‎2.【记叙文阅读】【2017·全国卷Ⅱ】‎ D When a leafy plant is under attack，it doesn't sit quietly. Back in 1983，two scientists，Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin，reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighbouring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds，VOCs for short.‎ Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked. It's a plant's way of crying out. But is anyone listening？Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbours react.‎ Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.‎ In study after study，it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbours. The damage is usually more serious on the first plant，but the neighbours，relatively speaking，stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.‎ Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don't know. Maybe the first plant ‎ just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbours just happened to “overhear” the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn't a true, intentional back and forth.‎ Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate (亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There's a whole lot going on.‎ ‎32．What does a plant do when it is under attack? ‎ A．It makes noises. ‎ B．It gets help from other plants.‎ C．It stands quietly. ‎ D．It sends out certain chemicals.‎ ‎33．What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in Paragraph 3?‎ A．The attackers get attacked.‎ B．The insects gather under the table.‎ C．The plants get ready to fight back.‎ D．The perfumes attract natural enemies.‎ ‎34．Scientists find from their studies that plants can ________．‎ A．predict natural disasters ‎ B．protect themselves against insects C．talk to one another intentionally ‎ D．help their neighbours when necessary ‎35．What can we infer from the last paragraph?‎ A．The world is changing faster than ever.‎ B．People have stronger senses than before.‎ C．The world is more complex than it seems.‎ D．People in Darwin's time were more imaginative.‎ ‎【文章大意】 本文是一篇有关植被自我保护的研究报告。文章通过两位科学家的研究发现植被也有奇特的自我保护和协作抗击昆虫的方式。‎ ‎32. D　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“…send out a particular smell…”可知是发出某种气味。‎ ‎33. A　词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句“The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch(进食者却成了别人的午餐)．”可知进攻者变成了被进攻者。由此推断“the tables are turned”意思是“局面反转”。‎ ‎3.【社会文化类阅读】【2017·全国卷Ⅲ】‎ C After years of heated debate, grey wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.‎ Grey wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests ‎ of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.‎ The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations—major food sources (来源) for the wolf—grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park's red foxes, and completely drove away the park's beavers.‎ As early as 1966，biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.‎ The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves. The US Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today，the debate continues over how well the grey wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk，deer，and coyote populations are down，while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.‎ ‎28．What is the text mainly about?‎ A．Wildlife research in the United States.‎ B．Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.‎ C．The conflict between farmers and grey wolves.‎ D．The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.‎ ‎29．What does the underlined word “displaced” in Paragraph 2 mean?‎ A．Tested. B．Separated. ‎ C．Forced out. D．Tracked down.‎ ‎30．What did the disappearance of grey wolves bring about?‎ A．Damage to local ecology. ‎ B．A decline in the park's income.‎ C．Preservation of vegetation. ‎ D．An increase in the variety of animals.‎ ‎31．What is the author's attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project?‎ A．Doubtful. B．Positive. ‎ C．Disapproving. D．Uncaring.‎ ‎29. C　词义猜测题。由前文的but可知，该词的意思和上文的“…once were seen here and there…”意思相反，故选C项。下文的“…disappeared from the Yellowstone area.”也有提示。test测试；separate分开；force out迫使离开，把……赶走；track down追捕到，追查出。‎ ‎30. A　细节理解题。题干关键词为“the disappearance of grey wolves”，由此可定位到文章的第三段，第一句为主题句，告诉我们灰狼的消失带来了很多意想不到的后果，下文进行了详细的介绍：作为灰狼食物的动物迅速增加，导致植被遭到严重破坏等。这些都是对当地生态的破坏。由此可知答案。‎ ‎31. B　观点态度题。题干关键词为“the Yellowstone wolf project”，由此定位信息到文章的最后一句，由该句中的valuable可以看出，作者认为这个项目是一个有价值的实验，由此可以推断，作者对这一项目的态度是积极的。doubtful怀疑的；disapproving不赞成的；uncaring不关心的。‎ ‎4.【政治经济类阅读】【2017·江苏卷】 ‎ C A new commodity brings about a highly profitable，fastgrowing industry，urging antitrust (反垄断) regulators to step in to check those who control its flow. A century ago, the resource in question was oil. Now similar concerns are being raised by the giants (巨头) that deal in data, the oil of the digital age. The most valuable firms are Google，Amazon, Facebook and Microsoft. All look unstoppable.‎ Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up. But size alone is not a crime. The giants' success has benefited consumers. Few want to live without search engines or a quick delivery. Far from charging consumers high prices, many of these services are free (users pay, in effect, by handing over yet more data). And the appearance of newborn giants suggests that newcomers can make waves, too.‎ But there is cause for concern. The Internet has made data abundant, allpresent and far more valuable, changing the nature of data and competition. Google initially used the data collected from users to target advertising better. But recently it has discovered that data can be turned into new services: translation and visual recognition, to be sold to other companies. Internet companies' control of data gives them enormous power. So they have a “God's eye view” of activities in their own markets and beyond.‎ This nature of data makes the antitrust measures of the past less useful. Breaking up firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves: in time, one of them would become great again. A rethink is required—and as a new approach starts to become apparent, two ideas stand out.‎ The first is that antitrust authorities need to move from the industrial age into the 21st century. When considering a merger (兼并)，for example, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in. They now need to take into account the extent of firms' data assets (资产) when assessing the impact of deals. The purchase price could also be a signal that an established company is buying a newborn threat. When this takes place, especially when a newborn company has no revenue to speak of, the regulators should raise red flags.‎ The second principle is to loosen the control that providers of online services have over ‎ data and give more to those who supply them. Companies could be forced to reveal to consumers what information they hold and how much money they make from it. Governments could order the sharing of certain kinds of data, with users' consent.‎ Restarting antitrust for the information age will not be easy. But if governments don't want a data economy controlled by a few giants, they must act soon. ‎ ‎61．Why is there a call to break up giants?‎ A．They have controlled the data market.‎ B．They collect enormous private data.‎ C．They no longer provide free services.‎ D．They dismissed some newborn giants.‎ ‎62．What does the technological innovation in Paragraph 3 indicate?‎ A．Data giants' technology is very expensive.‎ B．Google's idea is popular among data firms.‎ C．Data can strengthen giants' controlling position.‎ D．Data can be turned into new services or products. ‎ ‎63．By paying attention to firms' data assets, antitrust regulators could ________．‎ A．kill a new threat B．avoid the size trap C．favour bigger firms D．charge higher prices ‎64．What is the purpose of loosening the giants' control of data?‎ A．Big companies could relieve data security pressure.‎ B．Governments could relieve their financial pressure.‎ C．Consumers could better protect their privacy.‎ D．Small companies could get more opportunities.‎ ‎62. C　推理判断题。根据第三段第四、五句“But recently it has discovered that data can be turned into new services: translation and visual recognition, to be sold to other companies. Internet companies' control of data gives them enormous power.”可知，数据可以转化为新的服务和商品，被卖给其他公司；因特网公司对数据的控制给了它们巨大的权力。据此可以判断，数据可以增强垄断公司的控制地位，故选C项。‎ ‎63. B　推理判断题。根据第五段第二、三句“When considering a merger (兼并)，for example, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in. They now need to take into account the extent of firms' data assets (资产) when assessing the impact of deals.”可知，传统意义上的反垄断组织用公司的大小来决定何时介入，而现在评估时则要考虑公司的数据资产规模。据此可知，关注数据评估，旨在避免陷入传统的“以公司大小”评估的陷阱，故选B项。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 推理判断题 ‎ 高考英语阅读理解所涉及的考点比较多，比如考查常识理解、细节理解、语义理解、主旨理解、推理判断等。但比较而言，难度最大而且最容易出错的是推理判断题。因为推理判断题通常要求考生不仅要理解原文的文字信息，而且还要进行一定的判断和推理，并以此推断出文章的隐含意义。推理判断题属于主观性很强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措辞、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。此时应特别注意：当问及作者的看法、意图与态度时，不要误认为是在问“你”的想法。‎ 考点一 考查因果关系的推断 因果关系的推断是高考英语推断题中考得比较多的一类。因果关系的推断有时只涉及一个或几个细节，有时涉及一个或几个段落，有时甚至涉及全文。一般说来，推断因果关系所涉及的内容越多，难度也就越大，同学们越要仔细。‎ 考点二 考查作者观点的推断 推断作者观点也是高考英语阅读中一个比较常见的考点。这类考题的命题特点是：命题者要求考生根据阅读材料中的某些事实推断出作者所持的观点和态度。同学们在做这类题时，一定要注意作者在文中的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子（如有直接引语，也要特别注意），才能推断出作者的弦外之音。‎ 此类试题的干扰项通常具有以下特点：或是社会的一种普遍倾向，或是与本文无关的观点，或是与作者相反的看法等。‎ 考点三 考查作者意图的推断 这里说的“作者意图”至少包括两个方面：一是指作者直接在文中透露出的意图，如提及某个细节的意图，列举某个例子的意图，等等；二是指作者写这篇文章的意图或所想达到的目的。同学们做这类题时一定要结合文章主题进行推断，也就是说作者的意图原则上应与文章主题一致，而不能与之相悖。如：‎ 考点四 考查读者对象的推断 推断读者对象的考题在高考中出现得不多，只在部分省、市的考题中偶尔出现。这类考题的特点是：命题者要求先读一篇材料，然后要求考生根据所读材料推断出该材料的读者对象是什么。同学们做这类题要注意的是，先读懂文章大意，然后比较所给四个选项的人群特点，再寻找其相关点，最后得出一个合情合理的答案。例如第64题。‎ 考点五 考查隐含意义的推断 对隐含意义的推测是阅读理解中难度较大的一类考点。所谓推断隐含意义，就是要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出合乎情理的推理与判断，从而得出文章的隐含意义和深层意义。对隐含意义的推测属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解，同学们在做这类题目时，一定要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措辞、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词句，然后利用自己的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。例如第72题。‎ ‎5.【人物故事类】【2017·全国卷Ⅲ】‎ B Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theatre, employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups. It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theatre's 75year history. This time, however, the cleanup was a little different. As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats and other theatre equipment in preparation for the building's end.‎ The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theatre. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with tearyeyed audience wanting to say goodbye to the old building. Theatre owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theatre is preparing to close down.‎ Bradford said that large modern theatres in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete. He added that the theatre's location(位置) was also a reason. “This used to be the centre of town，” he said. “Now the area is mostly office buildings and warehouses.”‎ Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theatre into a museum and public meeting place. However, these plans were abandoned because of financial problems. Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theatre is located.‎ The theatre audience said goodbye as Bradford locked the doors for the last time. After 75 years the Plaza Theatre has shown its last movie. The theatre will be missed.‎ ‎24．In what way was yesterday's cleanup at the Plaza special?‎ A．It made room for new equipment.‎ B．It signalled the closedown of the theatre.‎ C．It was done with the help of the audience.‎ D．It marked the 75th anniversary of the theatre.‎ ‎25．Why was The Last Picture Show put on?‎ A．It was an alltime classic. ‎ B．It was about the history of the town.‎ C．The audience requested it. ‎ D．The theatre owner found it suitable.‎ ‎26．What will probably happen to the building?‎ A．It will be repaired. ‎ B．It will be turned into a museum.‎ C．It will be knocked down. ‎ D．It will be sold to the city government. ‎ ‎27．What can we infer about the audience?‎ A．They are disappointed with Bradford. ‎ B．They are sad to part with the old theatre. ‎ C．They are supportive of the city officials. ‎ D．They are eager to have a shopping centre. ‎ ‎【文章大意】 Plaza Theatre，一座带着城市记忆的剧院，由于种种原因，要面临关门歇业。临关门前，老板选了一部合适的老电影播放。伤心的观众眼含不舍的泪水。‎ ‎24. B　细节理解题。由第一段最后一句“…another group began removing seats and other theatre equipment in preparation for the building's end.”可知，打扫完卫生后，这家剧院就要关门了。故选B项。‎ ‎25. D　细节理解题。由第二段的“Theatre owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate.”可知，老板选择这部电影的原因是他认为这部电影很适合在那个时候放映。D选项中的suitable对应原文的appropriate。‎ ‎ 6.【日常生活类阅读】【2017·天津卷】‎ A Suppose you're in a rush, feeling tired, not paying attention to your screen, and you send an email that could get you in trouble.‎ Realisation will probably set in seconds after you've clicked “send”. You freeze in horror and burn with shame.‎ What to do? Here are four common email accidents, and how to recover.‎ Clicking “send” too soon Don't waste your time trying to find out if the receiver has read it yet. Write another email as swiftly as you can and send it with a brief title explaining that this is the correct version and the previous version should be ignored.‎ Writing the wrong name The sooner you notice, the better. Respond quickly and briefly, apologising for your mistake. Keep the tone measured: don't handle it too lightly, as people can be offended, especially if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture(i.e. incorrect ordering of Chinese names)．‎ Clicking “reply all” unintentionally You accidentally reveal(透露)to the entire company what menu choices you would prefer at the staff Christmas dinner, or what holiday you'd like to take. In this instance, the best solution is to send a quick, lighthearted apology to explain your awkwardness. But it can quickly rise to something worse, when everyone starts hitting “reply all” to join in a long and unpleasant conversation. In this instance, step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down.‎ Sending an offensive message to its subject The most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger. You write an unkind message about someone, intending to send it to a friend, but accidentally send it to the person you're discussing. In that case, ask to speak in person as soon as possible and say sorry. Explain your frustrations calmly and sensibly—see it as an opportunity to clear up any difficulties you may have with this person.‎ ‎36．After realising an email accident, you are likely to feel ________．‎ A．curious B．tired ‎ C．awful D．funny ‎ ‎37．If you have written the wrong name in an email, it is best to ________．‎ A．apologise in a serious manner B．tell the receiver to ignore the error C．learn to write the name correctly D．send a short notice to everyone ‎38．What should you do when an unpleasant conversation is started by your “reply all” email?‎ A．Try offering other choices.‎ B．Avoid further involvement.‎ C．Meet other staff members.‎ D．Make a lighthearted apology.‎ ‎39．How should you deal with the problem caused by an offensive email?‎ A．By promising not to offend the receiver again.‎ B．By seeking support from the receiver's friends.‎ C．By asking the receiver to control his anger.‎ D．By talking to the receiver facetoface.‎ ‎40．What is the passage mainly about?‎ A．Defining email errors.‎ B．Reducing email mistakes.‎ C．Handling email accidents.‎ D．Improving email writing.‎ ‎【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了四种常见的误发邮件的情况以及弥补办法。‎ ‎36. C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“You freeze in horror and burn with shame.”可知当你发邮件出现失误时，你会感到害怕。‎ ‎7.【新闻报道类阅读】【2017·天津卷】‎ C This month, Germany's transport minister, Alexander Dobrindt, proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles(自主驾驶车辆). They would define the driver's role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost. ‎ The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles: the grey area between semiautonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.‎ Dobrindt wants three things: that a car always chooses property(财产) damage over personal injury; that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race; and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheel—to check email, say—the car's maker is responsible if there is a crash.‎ ‎“The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving，” says Dobrindt. It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers, he says.‎ Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers. “The liability(法律责任) issue is the biggest one of them all，” says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds, UK.‎ An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduced earlier this year, insists that a human “be watchful and monitoring the road” at every moment.‎ But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars. “When you say ‘driverless cars’， people expect driverless cars，”Merat says. “You know—no driver.”‎ Because of the confusion, Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without human operation.‎ Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at Stanford University, California. That is happening in the UK and Singapore, where governmentprovided driverless vehicles are being launched.‎ That would go down poorly in the US, however. “The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here，” says Calo.‎ ‎46．What does the phrase “death valley” in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A．A place where cars often break down.‎ B．A case where passing a law is impossible.‎ C．An area where no driving is permitted. ‎ D．A situation where drivers' role is not clear.‎ ‎47．The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims to ________．‎ A．stop people from breaking traffic rules B．help promote fully automatic driving C．protect drivers of all ages and races D．prevent serious property damage ‎48．What do consumers think of the operation of driverless cars?‎ A．It should get the attention of insurance companies.‎ B．It should be the main concern of law makers.‎ C．It should not cause deadly traffic accidents.‎ D．It should involve no human responsibility.‎ ‎49．Driverless vehicles in public transport see no bright future in ________．‎ A．Singapore B．the UK C．the US D．Germany ‎50．What could be the best title for the passage?‎ A．Autonomous driving: Whose liability?‎ B．Fully automatic cars: a new breakthrough C．Autonomous vehicles: Driver removed!‎ D．Driverless cars: root of road accidents ‎47. B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“‘The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving…’”以及“It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers…”可知交通部长提出这个提议的目的是推销自动驾驶车辆。‎ ‎48. D　细节理解题。根据第七段中的最后一句“‘You know—no driver.’”可知人们对自主驾驶车辆的认识就是它不涉及人的责任。‎ ‎49. C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“That would go down poorly in the US…”可知自主驾驶车辆在美国作为公共交通工具前景暗淡。‎ ‎50. A　主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知，本文对自主驾驶车辆中司机的责任进行了界定，故答案为A。‎ ‎8.【人生感悟类阅读】【2017·天津卷】‎ D I read somewhere that we spend a full third of our lives waiting. But where are we doing all of this waiting, and what does it mean to an impatient society like ours? To understand the issue, let's take a look at three types of “waits”．‎ The very purest form of waiting is the WatchedPot Wait. It is without doubt the most annoying of all. Take filling up the kitchen sink(洗碗池) as an example. There is absolutely nothing you can do while this is going on but keep both eyes fixed on the sink until it's full. During these waits, the brain slips away from the body and wanders about until the water runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks. This kind of wait makes the waiter helpless and mindless. ‎ A cousin to the WatchedPot Wait is the Forced Wait. This one requires a bit of discipline. Properly preparing packaged noodle soup requires a Forced Wait. Directions are very specific. “Bring three cups of water to boil, add mix, simmer three minutes, remove from heat, let stand five minutes.” I have my doubts that anyone has actually followed the procedures strictly. After all, Forced Waiting requires patience. ‎ Perhaps the most powerful type of waiting is the LuckyBreak Wait. This type of wait is unusual in that it is for the most part voluntary. Unlike the Forced Wait, which is also voluntary, waiting for your lucky break does not necessarily mean that it will happen. ‎ Turning one's life into a waiting game requires faith and hope, and is strictly for the optimists among us. On the surface it seems as ridiculous as following the directions on soup mixes, but the LuckyBreak Wait well serves those who are willing to do it. As long as one doesn't come to rely on it, wishing for a few good things to happen never hurts anybody. ‎ We certainly do spend a good deal of our time waiting. The next time you're standing at the sink waiting for it to fill while cooking noodle soup that you'll have to eat until a large bag of cash falls out of the sky, don't be desperate. You're probably just as busy as the next guy.‎ ‎51．While doing a WatchedPot Wait, we tend to ________．‎ A．keep ourselves busy B．get absentminded C．grow anxious D．stay focused ‎52．What is the difference between the Forced Wait and the WatchedPot Wait?‎ A．The Forced Wait requires some selfcontrol.‎ B．The Forced Wait makes people passive.‎ C．The WatchedPot Wait needs directions.‎ D．The WatchedPot Wait engages body and brain. ‎ ‎53．What can we learn about the LuckyBreak Wait?‎ A．It is less voluntary than the Forced Wait.‎ B．It doesn't always bring the desired result. ‎ C．It is more fruitful than the Forced Wait.‎ D．It doesn't give people faith and hope.‎ ‎54．What does the author advise us to do the next time we are waiting?‎ A．Take it seriously.‎ B．Don't rely on others.‎ C．Do something else.‎ D．Don't lose heart.‎ ‎55．The author supports his view by ________．‎ A．exploring various causes of “waits”‎ B．describing detailed processes of “waits”‎ C．analysing different categories of “waits”‎ D．revealing frustrating consequences of “waits”‎ ‎【文章大意】 本文论述了我们人生中经常遇到的三种等待。‎ ‎51. B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的第五句“During these waits, the brain slips away from the body and wanders about until the water runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks.”可知我们在进行WatchedPot Wait时很容易走神，心不在焉。‎ ‎52. A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的第二句“This one requires a bit of discipline.”可知这种等待需要一点纪律，即需要自控。‎ ‎55. C　篇章结构题。文章的结构是总—分。文章第一段提出有三种类型的等待，然后下面几段内容一直在分析这三种等待，因此作者是通过分析不同的类型的等待来支持他自己的观点的。‎ ‎ ‎