专题09 必修5Unit1-Unit2高频词汇分类解读-2018年高考英语备考中等生百日捷进提升系列

专题09 必修5Unit1-Unit2高频词汇分类解读-2018年高考英语备考中等生百日捷进提升系列

‎ 2018年高考英语备考中等生百日捷进提升系列之英语 永升英语工作室 根据中等生基础知识不牢固的特点，将基础知识以2--3个单元为一讲，突出常考单词的背诵和用法区别。由于单选题退出大部分省份的英语试卷，所以这部分重点强调学练结合。集中识记常考的完形填空词汇；常考的阅读中出现的词汇；常考的书面表达中的句型。完形词汇重在词语的详细意思和词汇辨析；阅读词汇重在记住词义即可，但数量要大；书面表达句型重在在句子中背诵，力争背过的句子在话题中有高频的出现几率。这样可以大面积、迅速地提高成绩。聚焦少而精的知识，直接对接高考。‎ 练习重在做到有的放矢，基础练习以单词拼写、单词填空或短文填空为主。‎ 能力提升一定要由浅入深，让他们有成就感，迅速进入状态。句型复习采用翻译句子+背诵范文的方法。‎ 必修5 Unit1——Unit2‎ ‎ 词汇基础知识狂背：‎ I.常考的完形填空词汇及短语：（注意它们在完形中出现的几率极高，完形30分志在必得，现在开始狂背。）（1）词汇 ‎1．conclude vt.　断定，推断出；作出结论(不用于进行时)‎ conclusion n．　结论，推论 conclusive adj.　结论性的 conclude...by/with...以……结束 conclude to do sth. 决定做某事 conclude...from...从……中推断 to conclude (做插入语)最后(一句话)‎ in conclusion 最后，总之 bring...to a conclusion 使……结束 make a conclusion 下结论 arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion得出结论，告一段落 ‎2．attend vt.&vi. 出席；参加；照料，护理 attendance n. 出席，到场，参加 attend a meeting/a lecture/school 参加会议/听报告/上学 attend on/upon sb. 伺候某人；照顾某人 attend to 处理，注意，专心于，照料 ‎3．expose vt. 暴露，揭露，使曝光，使面临 exposure n. 暴露，显露；揭露，揭发 expose sth./sb./oneself (to...)显露或暴露某事物/某人/自己(给……)‎ be exposed to 暴露于……‎ ‎4．cure n. 治愈；痊愈　vt. 治愈；治疗 curable adj. 可治愈的 a cure for... 针对……的治疗 cure sb. of sth. 消除某人……；治愈某人……‎ 拓展：vt.＋sb. ＋of sth.结构的短语还有：‎ remind sb. of sth.使某人想起某事 suspect sb. of sth.怀疑某人(做)某事 rob sb. of sth.抢了某人某物 inform sb. of sth.通知某人某事 warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事 accuse sb. of sth.控告某人某事 ‎5．absorb vt.吸收，吸进(液体、气体等)；理解，获取(信息)；吸引住某人的注意力或兴趣 absorb water/light/heat (＝take in) 吸收水/光/热 absorb what sb. said 理解某人所说的话 absorb one's attention 吸引某人的注意力 be absorbed in... 全神贯注于……‎ ‎6．suspect vt.怀疑；不信任n．嫌疑犯；可疑对象 suspect sth.怀疑某事 suspect thatclause怀疑……‎ suspect sb. of(doing) sth.怀疑某人有某种罪行或做过某事 suspect sb. to be...猜想某人是……‎ ‎7．blame n．&vt.责备；责任 blame sb. for sth./doing sth.因为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事 blame sth. on sb.把某事归咎于某人 be to blame (for)应(为……)承担责任；该(为……)受责备(此处不能用被动语态)‎ accept/bear/take the blame for sth. 对某事负责任 put/lay the blame for sth. on sb. 将某事归咎于某人 ‎8．contribute vt.&vi.作贡献，捐献；投(稿)‎ contribution n. 贡献，捐献，投稿 contributor n. 捐助者；投稿人 contribute to sth. 增加，增添；促成某事 contribute sth. to/towards 给……捐献/捐赠 contribute (sth.) to sth. 撰稿；投稿 make a contribution to...为……作贡献 ‎9．reject vt.抛开；丢掉；拒绝，抵制 n．被拒绝或抛弃的人或物 提示：reject与refuse的区别 refuse指拒绝别人的请求、帮助、邀请等，其后可跟不定式。‎ reject不能用于拒绝别人的邀请或帮助，其后不能跟不定式。‎ She refused (to accept) my gift.＝She rejected my gift.她拒绝接受我的礼物。‎ ‎10．consist vi. 组成，一致 consistent adj. 协调的，一致的 consist of 由……组成，包括(无进行时态和被动语态)‎ consist in 在于，存在于 consist with 符合，一致 be consistent with... 和……一致；相符 be made up of 由……组成 be composed of 由……组成 ‎10．attract vt.吸引；引诱 attraction n．[U]吸引；吸引力；[C]吸引人的事物 attractive adj.有魅力的；吸引人的；引人注目的 attract sb./sth. to...把某人/物吸引到……‎ be attracted to 对……有兴趣/好感 attract sb.‘s attention/interest/criticism吸引某人的注意/吸引某人的兴趣/招致某人的批评 ‎ have attraction for 对……有吸引力 be an attraction to sb.对……来说很吸引人 ‎11．convenience n. 便利；方便；便利的事物；便利设施 convenient adj. 方便的，便利的 for the convenience of... 为了方便……‎ for (the sake of) convenience 为了方便起见 at one‘s convenience 在方便时；在适宜的地点 be convenient for sb./sth. 对于……是方便的 提示：convenience 意为“方便；便利”时，为不可数名词；作“便利的事物；便利设施”讲时为可数名词。convenient 为其形容词形式，用做表语时，主语不能是人，常用于 It is convenient for sb. to do sth.这一句型。‎ ‎12．arrange v. 筹备；安排；整理；布置；排列 arrangement n. 安排，筹备 arrange sth. 整理，布置，排列；安排，筹备 arrange sth. for sb. 为某人安排某事 arrange for sb. to do sth. 安排某人做某事 arrange (with sb.) to do sth. (与某人)约定干某事 arrange that... 商定……；安排 make arrangements for 安排好 come to an arrangement 达成协议 提示：不能用 arrange sb. to do sth. 结构，应该使用 arrange for sb. to do sth. 结构。‎ ‎13．delight vt. 使……高兴/欣喜n.[U]高兴，快乐，喜悦；[C]令人愉快的事 ‎(much) to one‘s delight to one’s (great) delight使某人(大为)高兴的是 take/find/have delight in (doing) sth. 喜爱，以……为乐 be delighted at/by/with sth. 因/对……感到高兴 be delighted to do sth./that－clause 高兴地去做……‎ It is a delight to do sth. 做某事是一件令人愉快的事 ‎14．thrill vt.使激动；使胆战心惊n.兴奋；紧张 thrilled adj.兴奋的，激动的 thrilling adj.令人感到兴奋的 give sb. a thrill to do sth./of doing sth.做某事让某人感到激动 be thrilled at/about/with sth.对……感到兴奋 ‎（2）短语 ‎1．put forward 提出，推荐；将……提前 put away/aside 放在一边；收拾起来；储存 put back 放回，拨回 put down 写下；镇压；放下 put forth 提出；颁布 put...into 把……翻译成 put off 延期，推迟 put on 穿、戴上；(速度、体重)增加；上演 put out 扑灭，熄灭 put through 接通电话 put up 举起；建造；张贴 put up with 忍受，忍耐，容忍 ‎11．apart from除……之外 take...apart把……拆开 tell...apart区分，辨别 set/put apart留出 ‎2．make sense 讲得通；有道理；很有意义 make sense of sth. 懂；了解……的含义 make no sense 讲不通；无意义 in a sense 就某种意义而言；在某种意义上 in no sense 决不是；决非 There is no sense in doing sth. 做……没必要/道理 a sense of humor/safety 幽默感/安全感 common sense 常识 ‎3．divide...into... 把……分成……‎ divide...between/among/with... 和……分担/分配/分享 divide...by... 用……除以……‎ divide...in half (two)/into halves 把……分成两部分 ‎4．break away (from) 挣脱；脱离 break down (机器)出故障；(讨论、谈判、希望、计划等)失败；打破；(化学)分解；身体垮掉 break in 破门而入；打断 break into 闯入；突然……起来(后接 tears, laughter等)‎ break out 战争爆发；(火灾)发生 break off 折断，打断；突然停止讲话；休息；断绝；结束 break through 突围；突破；冲垮；克服 break up 拆开，结束；解散 ‎5．leave out 省去；遗漏；不考虑 leave about 乱放(东西)‎ leave alone 别管；别惹；不打扰 leave aside 搁置 leave behind 留在后面；没带走 leave for (＝go off to) 动身去……‎ leave off 停止；中断 ‎6．take the place of (＝replace) 代替；取代 take place (事情)发生，产生；举办，举行 take one’s place 代替，接替 in place of 代替 in place 在适当的位置 in the first place 最初，首先，第一 ‎（3）易混易错点拨 ‎1. defeat/beat/win 这三个词都有“赢”的意思，但其用法不尽相同。 (1)defeat和beat是同义词，其宾语必须是“人或一个集体”。如a team, a class, a school, an army等。defeat侧重在战场上打败敌人，beat常用于游戏或比赛中，但在平时运用中常替换使用。 (2)win表示在较强的竞争中取得了胜利，常带的宾语有：game, war, prize, fame, battle等。win还可作为不及物动词来用。‎ 用defeat, beat, win填空 ‎ ‎(1)He ____________ all his opponents in the election. (2)Peasants ______ the drought and reaped a good harvest. (3)After a hearttoheart talk, I ______ his belief at last.‎ ‎‘defeated/beat beat won ‎(4)The enemy’s plot was _________ very soon. (5)We wouldn’t have ______without your help. (6)Mary ______ first prize for swimming.‎ ‎‘defeated won won ‎2. cure/treat/heal (1)treat指通过药物、特别的食品或运动治病，强调治疗过程，treat sb. for sth.医治某人……病；还可作“对待，看待”讲，treat...as把……看作/视为。 (2)cure意为“治愈，痊愈”，特别指病后的恢复健康。其后可接表示疾病的名词或代词，也可接sb. of再加表示疾病的名词。另外，还可作“矫正，纠正”解，借喻指消除社会上某种不良现象或个人恶习等。 (3)heal意为“治愈”，多用于治愈外伤，如：wound, cut, injury, burn等。‎ ‎(1)He _________ his students as his own children.他把学生看作自己的孩子。 (2)The doctors are trying to ______ him with a new drug.医生们尝试用一种新药为他治病。 (3)His wound is _________ over.他的伤口正在愈合。 (4)The medicine will ______ you of your cough. 这药能治好你的咳嗽。 (5)When I left hospital I was completely ______. 出院时我已完全康复了。‎ ‎‘treated treat healing cure cured ‎3. announce/declare (1)announce宣布；宣告(含有“预告”的意思)，尤其是大家所关心的或有新闻价值的事情的宣布。用announce说个人要做某事，常常含有“郑重其事”的意思。 (2)declare宣布(如公开声明战争、和平、中立、意见等)，用于正式场合。‎ ‎(1)This powerful country _________ war on that small country.这个大国向那个小国宣战。 (2)It was ___________ that there would be a celebration on Sunday.据宣布，星期日要举行庆祝(活动)。‎ ‎‘declared announced ‎4.apart from/in addition(to)/as well as/except/except for/except that/besides apart from 除……之外(既可以表示 except或 except for，也可以表示 besides) in addition 也；另外；此外；还(相当于副词 besides) in addition to 除……以外还(相当于介词 besides)‎ as well as 还；既……又……；也(相当于介词 besides) except (＝but) 除……之外(不包括在内) except for 除……之外(强调有美中不足) except that (what/when/where) 除了…… besides 除……之外 (包括在内)；况且；此外 用上述词或词组填空 (1)I like her ____________ she is angry. (2)I have read a lot of novels _____________________________________some short stories. (3)Your composition is very good _____________________ some spelling mistakes. (4)___________________， we have a research－oriented program. (5)They all went to sleep ____________________ the little boy.‎ except when//in addition to/besides/as well as/apart from//apart from/except for//In addition/Besides ‎//apart from/except ‎5.辨析：one/the one/ones/the ones/that/those/it 这几个词都用来指代前面提到的名词，但是所指内容不同。 (1)one 代替上文提到的某个可数名词，表示泛指意义，一般指同类事物中的任何一个；而 the one代替上文提到的某个可数名词单数，表示特指。 (2)ones 代替上文提到的可数名词复数形式，表泛指，一般指同类事物中的一些；而 the ones指代上文提到的可数名词复数形式，表示特指。‎ ‎(3)that 用来代替上文提到的名词，可以是可数名词单数形式，也可以是不可数名词，表示特指。如果代替可数名词单数形式，可以与 the one互换。 (4)those是 that的复数形式，代替上文提到的可数名词复数形式，表示特指，可与 the ones 互换。 (5)it代替前面的同一事物或同一个人。 ①I want to buy a house, one with a large garden. 我想买一座房子，一座带有大花园的房子。‎ ‎②The little boy doesn't like this apple; he wants the red one. 小男孩不喜欢这个苹果，他想要那个红的。 ③I bought some new chairs. The old ones should be thrown away. 我买了新椅子，那些旧的也该扔了。 ④The bike is cheaper than that made in our factory. 这自行车比我们厂生产的要便宜。(that＝the one)‎ ‎⑤The population of China is larger than that of Japan. 中国的人口比日本的多。(that 不用 the one 代替) ⑥The cars made here are better than those made in my hometown. 这里生产的小汽车比我家乡生产的好。 ⑦—Who is the person that shook hands with the foreigners? 那个和外宾握手的人是谁？ —It is our headmaster. 他是我们的校长。‎ ‎6.divide/separate (1)divide侧重于把一个整体分成若干部分，其后常接介词into, among, between等。 (2)separate指把原来连在一起或靠近的“分隔”开来。常与介词from搭配构成separate...from，意为“把……和……分开(隔)”；另外还有“离别，分手”之意。‎ ‎(1)England is ____________ from France by the English Channel. (2)The teacher ___________ the class into 8 small groups. (3)He __________ the cake among the children. (4)The child’s parents have ___________.‎ separated//divides//divided//separated ‎2. quarrel/discuss/argue/debate (1)quarrel表示“争吵，争论”，着重指因意见不一而产生的激烈争论。常与about, over, with连用。 (2)discuss用于一般场合，重在交换意见，进行讨论，不含有意说服对方的成分。 (3)argue表示“争辩”，以支持或反对，尤指以说服某人为目的。常与about, over, with, against连用。 (4)debate着重指在正式场合(比如国会)，和意见对立的一方进行全面的、彻底的辩论或争论，重在各述理由，双方交锋。常见搭配为debate on/over sth.。‎ ‎(1)I __________ him out of going. (2)They __________ the question openly. (3)He __________ with his brother and rushed out. (4)Let’s ____________ the matter over tea.‎ argued//debated//quarreled//discuss II.重点句型背诵 ‎1.every time 充当连词的时间状语从句，意为“每当……”，相当于 when。某些表达时间的名词词组可直接充当连词，即“名词连词化现象”。常见的有：‎ ‎(1)不定代词＋time　如：any time, each time... (2)序数词＋time　如：the first/last time... (3)the＋瞬时名词　如：the minute/moment/instant (4)the＋时间名词　如：the day/night/month/time... ①He brings her flowers every time he goes to see her.他每次去看她都给她带花。‎ ‎②The first time he did the experiment, he succeeded.他第一次做实验就成功了。 ③I‘ll give him your message the minute he arrives.等他一到，我就把你的口信给他。 ④He bought a computer the day he got his salary.他发工资那天买了一台电脑。‎ ‎2.only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，放在句首时，句子要部分倒装，即把助动词、情态动词或系动词 be放在主语之前。‎ ‎①Only then did I realize the mistakes I had made.只有在那时我才意识到我所犯的错误。 ②Only in this way can you make progress.只有以这种方式你才能取得进步。 ③Only when the war was over in 1949 was he able to get back home.只有在1949年战争结束时他才能回家。‎ 拓展：if only要是……该多好，但愿。if only从句可单独使用，这时要用虚拟语气：表示与过去相反的愿望用 had done；与现在相反的愿望用 did/were；表示与将来相反的愿望用 “would/could/might＋动词原形”。 ①If only I had gone to Beijing.我要是去了北京就好了。 ②If only he could come tomorrow.他要是明天能来就好了。‎ ‎3.It seems/is strange that...“……有点奇怪”，that 从句常用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should 意为“竟然”，表示对过去发生的事情感到惊讶。‎ 拓展：在 “It is natural/important/necessary/a pity/a shame＋that 从句”结构中，从句中的谓语动词也用“should＋动词原形”结构；should 在这些句型中表示惊讶、气愤、惋惜等情感。 ①It was strange that he should have said that!他竟然说那样的话，真是奇怪！ ②It‘s a pity that he should fail to grasp the chance when it arose.机会出现时，他竟然没有抓住，真是遗憾。‎ III.阅读理解技法每日点拨 but/however在阅读理解中的功能 通过研究近几年高考阅读理解试题，我们会发现but或however重现率极高，几乎每年高考阅读理解都有一些题目的答案与这些词有关，我们应高度重视but或however，特别是其后的内容。表示转折的but或however有很强的启示功能，对我们判断上下文文意、推断作者的态度、猜测人物心理、理清文章层次都具有举足轻重的作用。‎ ‎1. 引出作者观点，反驳but前面的观点(普遍观点)。‎ 基本模式：普遍观点+but+作者的观点。利用but的这一功能，我们能快速找出作者的观点。如：‎ In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animals. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.‎ ‎◇ Which of the following is the best title for the passage?‎ A. A Wheelchair Experience ‎ B. Weakness and Kindness C. Weakness and Strength ‎ D. A Driving Experience ‎【解析】 文章开头作者提出了普遍观点，紧跟着用but引出了自己的观点，主题句是But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people，由此可提炼出关键的两个词weakness和kindness。‎ ‎【答案】 B ‎2. 通过对比引出相反或相对的信息。‎ 利用but的这一功能，我们能快速地推断出作者真正要表达的信息及上下文的意义对比。如：‎ From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people, but sometimes I feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily. They don’t get to see this soft side of others often; we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness, which includes a lot of pretending. But only when we stop pretending we’re brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that’s in them.‎ ‎◇ The author feels sad sometimes because ________.‎ A. he has a soft heart B. he relies much on others C. some people pretend to be kind D. some people fail to see the kindness in others ‎【答案】 D ‎3. 显示作者态度或建议。‎ 利用but的这一功能，我们能快速地推断出作者对某一件事或某人所持的真正态度或给出的建议。如：‎ Sometimes situations call for us to act strong and brave even when we don’t feel that way. But those are few and far between. More often, it would be better if we don’t pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that we are brave when we are scared.‎ ‎◇ In this passage, the author advises us to ________.‎ A. handle problems by ourselves B. accept help from others C. admit our weakness D. show our bravery ‎【解析】 本段开头介绍有时环境要求我们要假装坚强与勇敢，紧接着用but引出了作者自己的建议，即it would be better if we don’t pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that we are brave when we are scared.‎ ‎【答案】 C 能力提升——测一测 I．单词拼写 ‎1．A nurse _____________(照料) to his needs constantly.‎ ‎2．Mr Smith is a __________(内科医师) in the hospital.‎ ‎3．A scientific theory is the result of the _________ (科学的) method.‎ ‎4．She doesn't want to _________ (暴露) herself to the public, because she is a shy girl.‎ ‎5．Destruction of the environment is one of the most serious _____________(挑战) we face.‎ attended　physician scientific expose challenges ‎ ‎6．He drew a c_____________ after a lot of experiments.‎ ‎7．Who is to b___________ for starting the fire?‎ ‎8．A____________ from your spelling, your composition is rather good.‎ ‎9．Have they a_____________ when the plane will take off?‎ ‎10．You must be c_____________________ when crossing the street.‎ conclusion　blame Apart announced cautious/careful ‎11．We have ________________(完成) all we set out to do.‎ ‎12．The ___________(辉煌的) image of Lei Feng will forever live in the heart of the people.‎ ‎13．Please come at your ___________________ (方便)．‎ ‎14．The old man has a large _________ (收集) of old china.‎ ‎15．What he wrote isn’t ___________(一致) with what he told us ‎16．F________ the paper along the dotted line..‎ accomplished　splendid convenience collection consistent Fold ‎17．She was t_____________ with terror when she saw the scene of the murder.‎ ‎18．I was d___________ to be invited to her party.‎ ‎19．We are going to Mount Tai for s______________.‎ ‎20．A fine－looking gentleman in a military u__________ has been standing across the corner watching you.‎ thrilled　delighted sightseeing uniform ‎ II.语法填空（重点训练题型）‎ ‎1. He speaks English ________ clearly that he can always make himself understood.‎ ‎2. Some people haven’t realized something as common as ________(expose) to the sun for a long time will do harm to their skin and even cause skin cancer.‎ ‎3. When I opened the door, I found my father sitting in his chair, completely ________(absorb) in the humorous stories he was reading.‎ ‎4. ________(suspect) of being involved in the attempted murder, she was questioned by the police.‎ ‎5. According to the latest report, human beings are ________(blame) for the abnormal climate around the whole world.‎ ‎6. The convenient media give people the chance to have the information we look forward to ‎ ________(deliver) to us quickly and cheaply.‎ ‎7. Apart ________ the lawyers, volunteers from the Libyan Red Cross Society also joined the efforts in helping the Chinese go home safely.‎ ‎8. With so many things ________(fill) my mind, I almost break down.‎ ‎9. I threatened to report the taxi driver for illegally ________(reject) a passenger, but he pointed at his “Not for Hire” sign and drove away.‎ ‎10. Mark was disappointed to know that the plan, which he put ________ after careful consideration, was not well received at the meeting.‎ ‎11. Learning a foreign language calls for your memory, time, patience and a lot of practice. ________ conclusion, it’s not a simple thing.‎ ‎12. Always read the ________(instruct) on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.‎ ‎13. His letter was so confusing that I could hardly make any sense ________ it.‎ ‎14. ________ seems that no one knows what has happened in the park.‎ ‎15. Proper measure must be taken to prevent the river nearby from ________(pollute).‎ ‎16. They believe that the illness ________(link) to the use of chemical pesticide.‎ ‎17. He made a positive contribution ________ the overall success of the project.‎ ‎18. The Whites are very strict ________ their children and in their work as well.‎ ‎19. Even whisky can not cure him ________ his anxieties.‎ ‎20. Teaching young children is a ________(challenge) and rewarding job.‎ ‎21. Canada is a country ________(consist) of many different nationalities as well as one with foreign immigrants making up the majority of its population.‎ ‎22. When she came in, she found a stranger ________(seat) at the back of the classroom with his eyes fixed upon her.‎ ‎23. ________ his credit, Jack never told anyone exactly what had happened.‎ ‎24. The teacher stressed again that the students should not leave ________ any important details while retelling the story.‎ ‎25. Is there any possibility ________ you could pick me up at the airport?‎ ‎26. When ________(ask ) if he had any idea what the novel was about, Jack kept silent. He couldn’t have read it very carefully.‎ ‎27. ________ was the most important for us to hire employees, the boss said, was their capacities for work rather than their diplomas.‎ ‎28. If what parents say is not consistent ________ what they do, it will have a bad effect on their children.‎ ‎29. Thousands of foreigners were ________(attract) to the Shanghai World Expo the day it opened.‎ ‎30. Though computers can do a lot of work man can’t do, they can’t completely take the place ________ human beings.‎ ‎31. He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead, because the air-conditioning system broke ________.‎ ‎32. My boss arranged for me ________(discuss) business details with someone from another company.‎ ‎33. It is a pity ________ we can’t find the guy who did it.‎ ‎34. Since they couldn’t fit in with each other, some broke away ________ the team.‎ ‎35. What about dividing ourselves ________ four groups?‎ ‎36. ________(bring) up in an educated family, he knows a lot about it.‎ ‎37. The guests came in, but she remained ________(stand) at the desk reading.‎ ‎38. On May 12, 2009, a ceremony marking the one-year anniversary of Wenchuan was held in Yingxiu in memory ________ the earthquake victims.‎ ‎39. What do you mean ________ calling me at this time of night?‎ ‎40. She had met Johnson ________ two separate occasions.‎ 答案 1. so 2. being exposed 3. absorbed 4. Suspected 5. to blame6. delivered 7. from 8. filling 9. rejecting 10. forward 11. In12. instructions 13. of 14. It 15. being polluted 16. is linked 17. to 18. with 19. of 20. Challenging 21. consisting 22. seated 23. To 24. out 25. that 26. asked 27. What 28. with 29. attracted 30. of 31. down 32. to discuss 33. that 34. from 35. into36. Brought 37. standing 38. of 39. by 40. on III.短语填空 ‎(1)She often ___________ some useful advice.她常常提出一些有用的建议。‎ ‎(2)The mechanics ______ the engine ______.机械师把发动机拆开了。‎ ‎(3)What he says ____________.他说的有道理。‎ ‎(4)The teacher __________ the class ______ small groups for a discussion. 老师把这班分成几个小组进行讨论。 ‎ ‎(5)If Tim carries on working like this, he‘ll ____________ sooner or later.如果蒂姆继续这样工作，身体迟早会垮掉。‎ ‎(6)You can ____________ the details; just give us the main facts.你可以省去细节，告诉我们主要的事实就行了。‎ ‎(7)I can’t go to the meeting myself, so Mary will ______________.我不能亲自出席会议，因此玛丽将替代我。 1.puts forward2.took apart 3. makes sense 4.divided into5.break down6.leave out7.take my place IV.句型填空 ‎1.He brings her flowers _______ he goes to see her.他每次去看她都给她带花。‎ ‎2.Only in this way ____________________.只有以这种方式你才能取得进步。 ‎ ‎3.It’s ___________ he should fail to grasp the chance when it arose.机会出现时，他竟然没有抓住，真是遗憾。‎ ‎1. every time 2. can you make progress 3.a pity that V．阅读理解 ‎【湖北八校2018届高三上学期第一次联考】C Cities are likely to be affected by overheating, thanks to something called the urban heat island effect. Cities tend to be short of trees, which provide shade, and they are covered with black pavement, which absorbs heat from the sun. Think of how it feels to wear a dark shirt versus a white shirt on a sunny day. A black shirt absorbs light, heating you up. But a white shirt reflects light, keeping you cool.‎ The average temperature in a city of a million or more people can be more than 5 degrees F hotter than surrounding areas. That extra 5 degrees can turn a hot day from uncomfortable to deadly. As temperatures rise, cities will be an especially dangerous place to be during a heat wave. To protect public health, city officials are going to make the city cooler.‎ As part of that effort, Los Angeles is coating its roads in CoolSeal, a gray paint that keeps streets and parking lots 10 degrees cooler than black asphalt（沥青）. It will help Angelinos save money during the summer, when air conditioning sends power bills soaring. And it will save lives by lowering temperatures and improving air quality. Hot weather worsens air pollution by turning car exhaust into smog, which can make life miserable for people with asthma（哮喘）and other breathing problems.‎ Of course, LA will have to do more than paint over a few streets to cool off the city. Angelinos will also need to plant more trees and apply white paint to rooftops — at least those not already covered in solar panels. While LA is a pioneer of reflective streets, other cities, like New York, are already experimenting with reflective roofs or, like Melbourne, lowering the temperature by planting trees. LA is hardly alone in its effort to stay cool.‎ ‎“This is an urgent challenge, and it’s much bigger than one person,” said Mayor Garcetti in a recent statement. “Climate change is a fact of life that people in Los Angeles and cities around the world live with every day.”‎ ‎1. Which of the following contributes to the urban heat island effect?‎ A. Planting more trees in the streets.‎ B. Covering the streets with white paint.‎ C. Applying reflective paint to rooftops.‎ D. Furnishing every house with air conditioners.‎ ‎2. What should the city officials emphasize during hot summer?‎ A. How to make the city cooler.‎ B. Where to wear a white shirt.‎ C. Why to coat the roads with black paint.‎ D. When to cut off the electricity supply.‎ ‎3. What benefit can people gain from the use of CoolSeal?‎ A. Increasing the indoor activities.‎ B. Promoting the sale of air conditioners.‎ C. Making life easier and more comfortable.‎ D. Reducing the number of cold days.‎ ‎4. What’s the main idea of the passage?‎ A. L.A. adopted many approaches to fight against the heat.‎ B. L.A. calls on people to fight against global warming.‎ C. More and more countries begin to plant trees in the streets.‎ D. L.A. is painting its streets white to keep the city cool.‎ ‎【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4. D ‎2. A【名题点睛】细节理解题一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。‎ 文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。 （2）语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另一种表达。 （3）语意理解型。这是一类深层事实细节理解题，答案与题目之间存在着一定的逻辑联系，这种联系需要建立在事实的基础上通过上、下文来进行判断、分析、归纳和整合，才能得出正确答案。 （4）是非辨别型。 （5）事实排序型。‎ ‎【解题剖析】此题属于细节理解中的一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。‎ ‎【答案定位】由文章第二段最后一句“To protect public health, city officials are going to make the city cooler.”可知，在炎热的夏季城市管理者应该强调如何去使城市凉爽，从而保护公众的健康。‎ ‎【推理关系】题干What should the city officials emphasize during hot summer? ☞文章内容To protect public health, city officials are going to make the city cooler.‎ ‎【答案】to protect public health,…☞A选项. How to make the city cooler.‎ ‎3. C细节理解题。由文章倒数第三段“… Los Angeles is coating its roads in CoolSeal, a gray paint that keeps streets and parking lots 10 degrees cooler than black asphalt（沥青）. It will help Angelinos save money during the summer, when air conditioning sends power bills soaring. And it will save lives by lowering temperatures and improving air quality.”分析CoolSeal的介绍可知。相比沥青，使用这种白漆可使街道和停车场气温下降10度，既能降低人们的生活开支，帮助省钱，又能减少污染，提高人们的生活质量。故选C。‎ ‎4. D主旨大意题。综合全文可知，本篇文章介绍的是洛杉矶在把城市街道刷白增加反射以使城市在夏季保持凉爽，故选D。‎ VI.范文背诵（翻译汉语句子并背诵全文）‎ I admire Edison a lot because of his great contribution to the world. He had more than 1 000 inventions. In his life time, he was always eager to know how things worked, which helped him to earn the nickname “the Wizard of Melo Park”. He was also so diligent that he worked day and night. And（1）这解释了他为什么有如此多的发明的原因____________________________________________. ‎ What impresses me most is his famous saying, “Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety－nine percent perspiration”. Probably I cannot be an Edison myself, but I can be a hardworking learner.（2）从他身上，我懂得成功的秘密不是你什么时候、在哪里出生的而是你在做什么和怎么做_______________________________________________________________________. ‎ 答案：‎ ‎（1）this explained why he had so many great inventions.（高级句型：表语从句）‎ ‎（2）From him, I realize the secret to success is not when or where you were born, but what you are doing and how you do.（高级句型：并列句not. . . but. . .）‎