2020届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit3AtasteofEnglishhumour单元学案（38页）

2020届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit3AtasteofEnglishhumour单元学案（38页）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit3 A taste of English humour单元学案 课题 A taste of English humour 重点、难点 content inspire entertain direct sense cut off break down as if 共勉：Judge not from appearances.‎ 高考瞭望 ‎1．whisper为新课标重点词汇。考查角度主要有：‎ ‎(1)whisper作动词的搭配，如whisper to sb．(低声对某人说)，如[2007四川，28]；whisper(to sb．)that．．．低声说……；(2)whisper作名词的用法，in a whisper低语、耳语，以及其表示“传闻，传言”意义的考查。‎ ‎ 【预测】2010年高考仍将重点考查其动词和名词短语搭配用法。‎ ‎ 2．pick up为重点动词短语。考查角度主要有以下几点： ‎ ‎(1)pick up各种含义的识别，如拾起，捡起，接收到，用车接……，学会等含义；(2)pick up与其他动词短语在不同语境中的辨析。‎ ‎【预测】2010年高考仍将围绕其多含义用法进行考查。‎ 课文再现 NONVERBAL HUMOUR ‎ Do you _____1________ (觉得有趣） to see someone____2___ (slid) on a banana skin, _____3_____(撞到) someone else round a corner,or falling down a hole in the road?If you do ,you are not alone.Some humour can be cruel but some people seem to enjoy seeing other people’s bad luck ____4_____ (有时).Perhaps it makes us feel more _____5_______（满意） our life because we feel there is someone else _____6_____(糟糕)than ourselves.‎ ‎ However,some actors can astonish us with the deep feelings they can__7____（激起）in us for a chacter they are playing.Charlie Chaplin was just such an actor.His charmimg chacter The Little Tramp is well known throughout the world.He played a poor and _____8______(无家可归的) person,who wore large trousers, ____9_____(穿破的)shoes and a small ronud black hat and carried a walking stick.This character was a social failure but he was loved by all who watched the films for his determination in __________10____________(克服困难)and being kind even when people were unkind to him. ‎ ‎ The film _________11_______ (以什么为背景)California in the middle of the nineteenth century when gold was discovered and thousands of people rushed there_____12________ (寻找)it.In the film ,Chaplin and his friend are in California,too.Their job is “panning for gold”,but they have been not ______13________ (足够幸运)to find any.Instead，they _____14___________(被困)on the edge of a mountain in a snowstorm in a small wooden house,where they __15______(没有东西可以吃) They are so hungry that they have to boil a pair of leather shoes in a pan and eat it.Chaplin sits down at the table with his plate and drinking cup.First he ___16________(挑出)the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti.Then he cuts off the leather top of the shoe,treating it __________17___________(就像它是一块最香的肉) Finally he tries cutting and ‎ eating the bottom of the shoe.You can imagine_______18_________________(它是多么难咀嚼)，but he seems to eat every mounthful with great enjoyment.He makes it seem as if it were one of the best meals he has ever had!（译成汉语） 19 How hungry would you have to be to eat a shoe?‎ ‎ Chapline produced ,__20_____(导演)and wrote the moves he __21______ (star).In 1972 he was given a special Oscar for his lifetime __22_____ (杰出的)work.He lived _____23_______（余生）in Switzerland,where he _______24_____________（被埋葬）in1977.‎ 基础回顾 I. 单词 ‎1. content adj.表示或感到满意或满足的; 心满意足的:_______________‎ ‎【观察思考】‎ vt. 1) We should never content ourselves with book knowledge oniy. ‎ Adj. 1) He is content to stay in his present job.‎ ‎ 2) Don’t be content with such a small success.‎ ‎ n. 1) The drawer had been emptied of its contents. ‎ ‎2) The content of your essay is excellent, but it's not very well expressed.‎ ‎3) We can swim in the river to our heart’s content.‎ ‎【归纳总结】‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【巩固运用】‎ ‎1) 他安於现状.‎ He is____ _____ ______ where he is now.‎ ‎2) 既然没有奶油, 我们只好喝清咖啡算了.‎ As there's no cream, we'll have to_____ ourselves_____ black coffee.‎ ‎3) 书的前部有目录, 详列了书中的内容.‎ At the front of the book is a table of______, giving details of what is in the book.‎ ‎2. inspire adj. 有创作力的,受灵感启示的:__________ 有创作力的诗人______________‎ ‎【观察思考】‎ vt. 1) Our first sight of the dingy little hotel did not inspire us with much confidence.‎ ‎2) This inspired in us a love for learning. ‎ ‎3) The teacher inspired us to work harder.‎ ‎4) The teacher inspired us to great efforts.‎ ‎【归纳总结】‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【巩固运用】‎ ‎1) The father inspired confidence ______his son.‎ ‎2 His sly ways inspire me_________ distrust.‎ ‎3) We were ___________by his_________ speech?‎ ‎3. entertain adj使人愉快的; 有趣的.________n. 宴客; 招待; 款待; 娱乐____________‎ n.（娱乐节目的）表演者; （尤指）艺人_____________________‎ ‎【观察思考】‎ vt.1) He entertained us for hours with his stories and jokes. ‎ ‎2) I usually entertain friends to dinner on Sundays.‎ ‎【归纳总结】‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【巩固运用】‎ ‎1) I don't entertain very often._________________________________________‎ ‎2) The local entertainments are listed in the newspaper.____________________________‎ ‎4. direct n. 方向，指导____________主管，导演______________说明书_______________‎ ‎【观察思考】‎ vt. 1) Can you direct me to the station? ‎ ‎2) The owners directed that the factory be closed.‎ ‎3) The officer directed them to advance.‎ ‎【归纳总结】‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【搭配】‎ in the direction of _________________ under the direction of______________________‎ in all directions=__________________‎ ‎【辨析】direct/directly ‎ direct. adv 1) 中途不停地; 径直地; 笔直地2) 亲自地; 直接地 ‎ directly. adv 1) 径直地; 直接地; 坦率地; 直爽地 2) 立即; 马上Come in directly ‎3) conj as soon as 一俟; 一...就...: ‎ ‎【巩固运用】‎ ‎1) The train goes there _________.‎ ‎2) She speaks very_______ to people. ‎ ‎3) I went home _______I had finished work.‎ ‎4) _______,I had no difficulty in finding the famous actor’s house.‎ A.Directing by Jack B.I was directed by Jack ‎ C.With Jack directing me D.Jack directed me ‎5. sense ‎【观察思考】‎ n. 1) He is far from any sense of responsibility. ‎ ‎2) There is no sense in getting upset about it .‎ ‎3) It doesn't make sense to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good. 4) Can you make sense of this poem?‎ ‎5) She came to senses in hospital.‎ ‎【联想】sensible/sensitive ‎【归纳总结】‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【搭配】‎ in a sense _______________ in no sense ___________ ‎ in some sense ____________ in all senses __________ ‎ ‎【巩固运用】‎ ‎1). I have read the material several times but it doesn’t ________ any ____ to me.‎ ‎2). I think he may be right _____ __ _______. 在某种意义上 ‎ 3). No one can _______________ (理解，弄清…的意思) what you write, so I think this sentence doesn’t ________.（讲得通；有意义）‎ ‎4).His speech was so confusing that I could hardly make any ______of it. ‎ A.meaning B.understanding C.sense D.explanation Ⅱ. 短语归纳 ‎1. cut off ‎【观察思考】‎ ‎1) We were cut off in the middle of our conversation.‎ ‎ 2) Our water supply has been cut off.‎ ‎ 3) She feels very cut off living in the country. ‎ ‎【归纳总结】‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【搭配】‎ cut down_____________ cut in____________________ ‎ cut through___________ cut up________________‎ cut out________________ cut away_______________ ‎ ‎【巩固运用】‎ ‎1) Let’s________the unimportant details.‎ ‎2) She always __________when other people are talking.‎ ‎3) He was in hospital for six months .He felt as if he was _______from the outside world.‎ ‎4) He ____the old branches from the tree.‎ ‎5) We must ________our expenses.‎ ‎2. break down ‎【观察思考】‎ ‎1) The telephone system has broken down.‎ ‎2) Negotiations between the two sides have broken down.‎ ‎3) Her health broke down under the pressure of work.‎ ‎4) Sugar and starch are broken down in the stomach. ‎ ‎5) Expenditure on the project breaks down as follows: wages 10m, plant 4m, raw materials 5m.‎ ‎【归纳总结】‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【搭配】‎ break in ____________ break into__________________‎ break out ____________ break off___________________‎ beak through ____________ break up___________________‎ break with ____________ break away from_______________ ‎ ‎【巩固运用】‎ ‎1) The thieves broke_______ while the family was away.‎ ‎2) A rebellion broke________the following day.‎ ‎3) This school has broken ________for the holidays.‎ ‎4) Fortunately ,he broke_____ ______the lawless group years ago.‎ ‎5) I can’thave you breaking _______in health.‎ ‎6) The audience broke_____applause.‎ ‎7) He broke _____langhing.‎ Ⅲ. 句式点击 ‎1. Do you find it funny to see someone sliding on a banana skin,bumping into someone else round a corner,or falling down a hole in the road?‎ ‎【用法归纳】‎ ‎1) find it +adj.+to do 中，find之后是复合宾语，it 是形式宾语，指代to see someone sliding on a banana skin,bumping into someone else... ...此句也可改为宾语从句：find that it is +adj.+to do sth.‎ ‎2) 需要特别注意love/like/hate/appreciate it if/when...从句中it作形式宾语，if/when...从句做真正宾语也可以说是模糊指代，这是近几年的高考热点。‎ ‎【典例探究】‎ ‎①(2006 湖南)As the business woman in Norton,she made her duty to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town.‎ A.this B.that C.one D.it ‎②(2007山东) worries me the way he keeps changing his mind.‎ A.This B.That C.What D.It ‎ ‎③(2006全国Ⅰ)If I can help ,I don’t like working late into the night.‎ A.so B.that C.it D.them ‎④(2007全国Ⅱ) felt funny watching myself on TV.‎ A.One B.This C.It D.That ‎2.Then he cuts off the leather top of the shoe ,treating it as if it were the finest meat.‎ ‎1)He looks as if he were an artist.(同时)‎ ‎2)He soeaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America.（先于）‎ ‎3)He learns English so hard as if he would go to the U.S.A. （后于）‎ ‎【归纳总结】‎ 若从句中的动词与主句谓语动词同时发生，则从句谓语动词用过去式；若先与主句则用过去完成式；若后于主句，则用过去将来式。‎ ‎【巩固运用】 ‎ ‎①The child talked to us .那个小孩和我们谈起话来象成年人似的。‎ ‎②He acts as if .他做起来就象知道了事实似的。‎ ‎③When a pencile is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it .‎ A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken ‎④Looking around the town he felt as though he away for ages.‎ A.has been B.was C.is D.had been ‎ 当堂检测 I. 根据中文或首字母提示，填写所缺单词的适当形式。（每小题1分，共10分） ‎ ‎1. By the end of February schools are opened t________ the country. ‎ ‎2. He is a f________ as an artist, but a success as an art teacher.‎ ‎3. If we work with a strong will, we can o________ any difficulty, no matter how great it is. ‎ ‎4. He had great d________ in getting the work done within a week. ‎ ‎5. They sent the enemy ship to the b________ of the sea.‎ ‎6. I found it ________ (令人惊讶的) that the young player beat the chess master in the game. ‎ ‎7. I still remember her ________ (特别的) way of smiling.‎ ‎8. My family ________ (款待) him as an honored guest. ‎ ‎9. Elizabeth Fry helped to improve prison conditions and gave the ________ (无家可归的) work and education.‎ ‎10. After graduating from Peking University, he was ________ (幸运的) in having a good job. ‎ II. 请从下面方框中选择适当的单词或短语，并用其正确形式填空。（每小题1分，共10分）‎ boil ,cruel,slide, worn-out,star,pick,knock,cut off,content,badly off ‎1. She is ________ her job at the moment. ‎ ‎2. We shouldn’t be unhappy about being ________ — many families are much worse off than we are. ‎ ‎3. It’s easy to ________ my car from others in the parking place; it has an advertisement of Toshiba TV on the back of it. ‎ ‎4. Several months ago Harbin ________ its water supply for four days because of pollution fear in Songhua River, which is Harbin’s main water source. ‎ ‎5. She has ________ some thirty films in all her life. ‎ ‎6. The boy rode very fast and ________ an old man. ‎ ‎7. She ________ into the room not wanting to wake the baby. ‎ ‎8. Anyone who likes watching people suffer is ________.‎ ‎9. These cars are ________ and must be replaced. ‎ ‎10. When water ________, it changes into steam. ‎ III. 请根据中文意思及提示，翻译下列句子。（每小题2分，共10分）‎ ‎1. 我不能想像如果遭受暴风雪围困，生活会是什么样子的。(be caught in)‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎2. 尽管这部电影投资很大，却不受欢迎，这使得导演大吃一惊。(astonish)‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎3. 成千上万的人去淘金，然而，没有人是足够幸运的。(in search of)‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎4. 有手机的人们觉得无论走到哪里，和朋友们联系起来都很方便。(feel it convenient)‎ ‎ ________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎5. 他仍然清晰地记得地震发生时那可怕的一幕，好像就在昨天发生似的。(as if)‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________‎ IV. 阅读下面短文，在各横线上写出空白处所缺的单词 (每空一词)，使补足后的短文意思通顺、结构完整。（每小题2分，共20分）‎ In the earliest days of the cinema, all the films were silent. There was no music 1 dialogue. Then people began to play music in the cinema while the film was being shown. Sometimes a small group of people played music. More often, one person, for example, a woman, played the piano. She used to look at the film and play the right kind of music 2 the film. If it was a love scene, she played 3 music. If one group of people were fighting or running 4 some others, she used to play fast, 5 music. One pianist in Canada thought of something special to play. It sounded 6 a group of people coming down the street and 7 music. A bus came nearer and nearer. Finally the people had to 8 playing when the bus got too close. 9 the end of this scene, the cinema manager went to the pianist and said 10 “What do you think you are doing?” The pianist had forgotten to look at the film. It was the middle of a love scene. ‎ V.下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正。（每小题2分，共10分）‎ ‎1. In some parts of London, missing a bus means to wait for another hour.‎ ‎4. He requested that we must offer some money to him. ‎ ‎3. He searched for all his pockets but failed to find his pass.‎ ‎4. She was broken down when she heard the news, but quickly recovered.‎ ‎5. The scientist is content to work here, but he isn’t content at this small success.‎ Book 4 Unit 3 A taste of English humour 课文再现 ‎1.find it funny 2.sliding 3.bumping into 4.at times 5 content with 6 worse off 7.inspire 8.homeless 9.wore-out 10.overcoming difficulties 11.is set in 12.in search of 13.fortune enough 14.are caught 15.have nothing to eat 16.picks out 17.as if it were the finest meat 18.how difficult it is to chew19.他吃鞋底看起来就像吃他所吃过的最好的一餐。20.directed 21 starred in 22.outstanding 23.the last of his life 24.was buried in 基础回顾 I. 单词 ‎1.contented.‎ ‎【归纳总结】1)content oneself with满足于2)be content to do乐于做某事3)be content with对••• •••满足4)contents常用复数意思为所容纳之物content单数为内容5)to one’s heart’s content尽情的，心满意足的 ‎【巩固运用】1) content to remain 2）content with3）content ‎2.inspired an inspired poet ‎【归纳总结】1)inspire sb. with sth./inspire sth. in sb.使产生情感2)inspiresb.to do sth./to sth激励鼓舞 ‎【巩固运用】1)in 2)with 3)inspired inspiring ‎3.entertaining entertainment entertainer ‎【归纳总结】1)entertain sb.with sth.用••••••使某人快乐2)entertain sb. to sth用••••••招待某人【巩固运用】1）我不常在家请客.2）报纸上登有本地的娱乐活动.‎ ‎4.direction director directions ‎ ‎【归纳总结】1)direct sb.to a place告诉某人去某地2)direct +that-clause谓语动词用虚拟3)direct sb. to do指示某人做某事 ‎【搭配】朝••••••方向 在••••••指导下 in every direction ‎【巩固运用】1）direct 2)directly 3)directly4)C ‎5.【归纳总结】1）have a sense of 有••••••意识2）There is no sense in doiing 做什么是没有道理的3）make sense有意义，合理4）make sense of 了解••••••的意义5）come to senses醒来 ‎【搭配】在某种意义上 绝不是，绝非 从某种意义上 在各方面 sensible 明智的 合理的 sensitive 敏感的 ‎【巩固运用】1)make sense 2)in a sense 3)make sense of make sense 4)C Ⅱ. 短语 ‎1. 【归纳总结】剪下来，切断水电供应与外界的联系 ‎【搭配】 削减； 切碎，使难过；插嘴；删掉切除；抄近路；切除 ‎【巩固运用】1）cut out 2)cuts in 3)cut off 4)cut away 5)cut down ‎2.【归纳总结】机器车辆坏了；谈判计划的失败；身体垮了；化合物分解；分成细目。‎ ‎【搭配】闯入，插嘴；强行闯入，打扰，突然进入一种状态；爆发；突然停止；突围冲垮；驱散，学校放假；决裂，破除；脱离。‎ ‎【巩固运用】1）in2)out 3)up4)away from5)down6)into7)out ‎ ‎ Ⅲ. 句式点击 ‎1. 【典例探究】DDCC ‎ ‎2.【巩固运用】①as if he were an adult ② he had known the fact ③C ④D 当堂训练 I. 1. throughout 2. failure 3. overcome 4. difficulty 5. bottom 6.astonishing 7. particular 8. entertained 9. homeless 10.fortune ‎ II. 1. content with 2. badly off 3. pick out 4. cut off 5. starred in 6. knocked into 7. slid 8. cruel 9. worn-out 10. boils III.1. I can’t imagine what our life will be like if we are caught in a snowstorm.2. It astonished the director that the film wasn’t well received though it cost much.3. Thousands of people rushed there in search of gold but none of them were fortunate enough.4. The people with mobile phones feel it convenient to keep in touch with ‎ their friends wherever they go.5. He still remembers clearly the frightening scene at the time of earthquake as if it happened yesterday.‎ IV.1. or 2. for 3. soft 4. after 5. exciting 6. like 7. playing 8. stop 9. At 10. angrily ‎ V.1. wait→waiting。mean意为“意味着”时，后面接动词-ing形式。‎ ‎2. 去掉must。request连结从句时用虚拟语气，（should）+动词原形。 ‎ ‎3. searched for→searched。search的宾语是寻找的东西所在的处所。 4. 去掉was。broke down意为“精神垮了”。break是不及物动词，没有被动形式。‎ ‎5. at→with。对形容词短语be content with的考查，意为“对……满意”。‎ 核心词汇 ‎1．Don’t be____________(挑剔的)about your friends，or you’ll end up not having any.‎ ‎2．Considering his age，I am quite____________(满意的)with his performance in the play.‎ ‎3．Success is not measured by the position you attain，but by the difficulties you____________(克服)．‎ ‎4. The thief____________(溜进)into the house without anyone noticing him.‎ ‎5．The____________(手势)that involves making a circle with one’s thumb and index finger has different meanings in different cultures.‎ ‎6．Seeing my arrival，he came over and____________(低语)something in my ear.‎ ‎7．At first it looks quite____________(普通的)，but there is something special about it.‎ ‎8．As a musician he was a ____________(失败者)，but as an artist a great success.‎ ‎9．用 convince 的适当形式填空 ‎(1)We took their suggestion because their explanation was____________.‎ ‎(2)I need to be____________of the point of doing this before I do it.‎ ‎10．用occasion；occasional；occasionally填空 ‎(1)I call on him____________.That is to say，I don’t visit him frequently.‎ ‎(2)It’s really awful of you to dress so casually on such a formal____________.‎ ‎(3)An____________accident is part of the course of a day.‎ ‎1.particular　2.content　3.overcome　4.slid　5.gesture 6.whispered　7.ordinary　8.failure　9.(1)convincing　(2)convinced　10.(1)occasionally (2)occasion (3)occasional 高频短语 ‎1．________________　　直到现在 ‎2．________________ 对……满足 ‎3．________________ 穷的；缺少的 ‎4．________________ 挑出；辨别出 ‎5．________________ 切断；断绝 ‎6．________________ 担任主角；主演 ‎7．________________ 寻找 ‎8．________________ 对……挑剔 ‎9．________________ 破门而入 ‎10．________________ 突然……(起来)‎ ‎1.up to now　2.feel/be content with　3.badly off　4.pick out　5.cut off　6.star in　7.be in search of　8.be particular about　9.break into　10.burst into/out 重点句式 ‎1．Unfortunately his father died，________________，so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother.‎ 不幸的是他父亲去世了，使得他的家境更加贫困，因此查理的童年是在照顾生病的母亲和弟弟中度过的。‎ ‎2．__________they are hiding in a small hut on the edge of a mountain during a snowstorm________________________.‎ 相反，他们被暴风雪困在山边的一个小木屋中，没有任何东西可吃。‎ ‎3．Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them__________they were spaghetti.‎ 查理首先挑出鞋带来吃，像是吃意大利面条一样。‎ ‎4．The acting is________________________it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted!‎ 卓别林的表演是那么有说服力，以至于你会相信这顿饭是他吃过的最美味的一顿！‎ ‎1.leaving the family even worse off　2.Instead；with nothing to eat　3.as if　4.so convincing that 知识详解 ‎1.content　adj.　满足的；满意的 ‎　　　 n．　内容，目录，容量；满足 ‎　　　 vt.　使满足 ‎(回归课本P18)He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed，so they could feel more content with their lives.‎ 在感到沮丧的时候，他可以使他们开怀大笑，于是人们就对自己的生活感到比较满足。‎ ‎11‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎[例句探源]　‎ ‎①(朗文P433)I am content with my job，my home，and my family.我对我的工作，住所和家庭都非常满意。‎ ‎②That rich man is tired of city life，so he is content to live in the country.‎ 那位富人厌倦了城市生活，因而他愿意生活在乡下。‎ ‎③(朗文P433)I was no longer satisfied with the life that had once contented me.‎ 我已经不再满足于曾经使我满足的生活了。‎ ‎④She dropped her purse and the contents fell out on the floor.她的皮包掉了，里面的东西散落在地板上。‎ ‎[即境活用]　‎ ‎1．那些满足于现状的人不会取得更大的进步。‎ Those who are________ ________ ________ ________ ________will surely make no more advances in life.‎ 答案：content with their present situations ‎2.astonish　vt.　使惊诧 ‎(回归课本P18)You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as ‎ he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk.‎ 你可能会感到惊奇，查理刚会说话时大人就教他唱歌，他刚会走路时大人就教他跳舞。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎[例句探源]　‎ ‎①(牛津P105)It astonishes me that he could be so thoughtless.‎ 我真没有料到他会如此轻率。‎ ‎②It was quite astonishing that they didn’t go to church tonight.令人感到惊讶的是他们今天晚上没有去教堂做礼拜。‎ ‎③To our great astonishment，the boss wasn’t astonished at the astonishing news at all.‎ 使我们非常吃惊的是，老板对这个令人吃惊的消息一点也不吃惊。‎ ‎[即境活用]　‎ ‎2．用astonish；astonishment；astonishing填空：‎ ‎(1)Much to our__________，the lazy boy won the contest.‎ 答案：astonishment ‎(2)We were__________to hear of her sudden death.‎ 答案：astonished ‎(3)China is developing at an__________speed，and will soon be one of the most powerful countries in the world.‎ 答案：astonishing ‎3.direct　vt.& vi.　导演；指示；指挥 ‎　　 adj.　直的；直接的；直率的 ‎(回归课本P18)Charlie Chaplin wrote，directed and produced the films he starred in.‎ 查理•卓别林自编、自导、自制他主演的电影。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎[例句探源]　‎ ‎①The judge directed that the child should be taken good care of by his mother.‎ 法官判决孩子应由其母亲好好照看。‎ ‎②The police officers had been directed to search the building.‎ 警察奉命搜查这栋大楼。‎ ‎③At the sound of the gun，the birds flew in all directions.‎ 听到枪声，鸟儿四处飞去。‎ ‎④Directly the teacher came in，everyone was quiet.‎ 老师一进来大家都静了下来。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎3．完成句子 ‎(1)虽然这只是一个小小的改进，但至少是朝着正确的方向迈出的一步。‎ It’s only a small improvement but at least it’s a step ________ ________ ________ ________.‎ 答案：in the right direction ‎(2)我喜欢和任何坦诚直爽的人交朋友。‎ I like to make friends with anyone who ________ ________ ________ ________.‎ 答案：is open and direct ‎4.whisper　vi.& vt.　低声说，耳语；把(秘密等)悄悄传开 ‎　　　　n．　耳语；低语 ‎(回归课本P22)Sherlock Holmes looked up at the stars and whispered，“Watson，when you look at that beautiful sky，what do you think of？”‎ 夏洛克•福尔摩斯仰望着繁星，轻声问道：“华生，当你望着美丽的天空时，你想到了什么？”‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎(1)whisper to sb.与某人耳语 ‎(2)in a whisper＝in whispers＝in a low voice耳语地，低声地 ‎(3)It is/was whispered that...据秘密传闻……‎ ‎[例句探源]　‎ ‎①(牛津P2294)She leaned over and whispered something in his ear.‎ 她探过身去附耳给他说了些什么。‎ ‎②(牛津P2294)It was whispered that he would soon die and he did.‎ 有人私下说他不久于人世，他果然死了。‎ ‎③They sat at the back of the room，talking in whispers.‎ 他们坐在房间的后面低声谈话。‎ ‎[即境活用]　‎ ‎4．Mum ________ to us，“Be quiet！Your little sister’s sleeping.”‎ A．whispered　　　　　　 B．shouted C．explained D．replied 解析：选A。本题考查动词辨析。句意：妈妈小声对我们说：“安静！你们的小妹妹正在睡觉。”whisper低语，小声说；shout喊，大声叫，呼叫；explain解释；reply答复。根据句意和语境，因小妹妹正在睡觉，母亲怕惊醒她，所以低声对我们说要保持安静，故选whispered。‎ ‎5.convince　v．　使确信(信服)‎ ‎(回归课本P18)The acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted!‎ 令人心悦诚服的表演使你相信这是他吃过的最可口的饭菜！‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎[例句探源]　‎ ‎①(牛津P438)I’ve been trying to convince him to see a doctor.‎ 我一直劝他去看病。‎ ‎②You need to convince your interviewer of your ability to master the work.‎ 你需要让你的面试官相信你有驾驭这份工作的能力。‎ ‎③They were convinced of the result of the experiment finally.‎ 他们最终相信了实验结果。‎ ‎[即境活用]　‎ ‎5．Scientists are convinced ________ the positive effect of laughter ________ physical and mental health.‎ A．of；at　　　　　　　　 B．by；in C．of；on D．on；at 解析：选C。句意：科学家们坚信笑对身心健康有积极影响。be convinced of＝be completely sure about sth.坚信，深信，确信；effect常与on连用，意为“对……的影响”。以上两个均属于固定搭配，故选C。‎ ‎6.badly off　穷的；缺少的 ‎(回归课本P18)Unfortunately his father died，leaving the family even worse off，so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother.‎ 不幸的是他父亲去世了，使得他的家境更加贫困，因此查理的童年是在照顾生病的母亲和弟弟中度过的。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎①(牛津P131)We aren’t too badly off but we can’t afford a house like that.‎ 我们并不是一文不名，但我们负担不起那样的房子。‎ ‎②I’ve got quite a big room so I’m not too badly off.‎ 我有一间蛮大的屋子，所以住得还不坏。‎ ‎③The school is rather badly off for books and equipment.‎ 这所学校相当缺乏书和设备。‎ ‎④We shouldn’t complain about being poor because many families are much worse off.‎ 我们不应该抱怨我们太贫穷，因为有很多家庭比我们更穷。‎ ‎⑤To make matters worse/What’s worse，it began to rain while we were marching.使事情更糟的是，在我们行进过程中，天下起了雨。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎6．—How are the things in your village?‎ ‎—Modern farming methods have been brought in and the villagers are________now than before.‎ A．well off　　　　　　　　B．better off C．badly off D．worse off 解析：选B。根据前面的“引进了现代化的耕作方法”和连词than来判断，村民的生活比以前“更富裕了”，所以用well off的比较级better off。worse off是badly off的比较级。‎ ‎7.pick out　挑出；辨别出 ‎(回归课本P18)Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti.‎ 查理首先挑出鞋带来吃，像是吃意大利面一样。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎①(牛津P1492)She was picked out from dozens of applicants for the job.‎ 她从大批的求职者中被选中承担这项工作。‎ ‎②It took Mary a long time to pick out a beautiful dress at the store.玛丽花了很长时间才从那家商店挑选了一件漂亮的衣服。‎ ‎③(上海高考)He picked up some French while he was away on a business trip in Paris.‎ 他在巴黎出差时顺便学会了一些法语。‎ ‎④You’ll soon pick up health when you get to the seaside.‎ 到了海滨，你就会很快地恢复健康。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎7．It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly ________ my friend.‎ A．turn out　　　　　　B．bring out C．call out D．pick out 解析：选D。本题考查动词短语辨析。句意：电影院里是那么黑以至于我几乎辨认不出我的朋友。turn out－appear出现，露面；bring out－cause sth.to appear，publish sth.使显出，出版；call out－shout，cry大声叫喊，大声说出；pick out－distinguish sb./sth.from surrounding people or things分辨出某人(某物)。从句意判断，答案应为pick out。‎ ‎【教材原句】　Unfortunately his father died，leaving the family even worse off...‎ 不幸的是他的父亲去世了，整个家庭状况更糟了……‎ ‎【句法分析】　leaving...为现在分词短语作结果状语。现在分词作结果状语，表示顺其自然的结果。‎ ‎①His parents died，leaving him an orphan.‎ 他父母双亡，成了孤儿。‎ ‎②The child fell，striking his head against the door.‎ 小孩摔了一跤，头在门上碰了一下。‎ ‎③European football is played in 80 countries，making it the most popular sport in the world.‎ 八十个国家踢欧式足球，使它成为世界上最流行的运动。‎ ‎【温馨提示】　现在分词作结果状语常表示“意料、情理之中”，而不定式作结果状语常表出乎意料的结果。‎ ‎④He hurried to the bus stop，only to find the bus had left.‎ 他匆匆地去了车站，结果发现车已离开。‎ ‎⑤Her father disappeared，never to be heard from again.‎ 她的父亲离家出走，从此杳无音讯。‎ ‎⑥He hurried to the airport only to be told the plane had been put off.‎ 他匆忙赶到机场，结果被告知航班推迟了。‎ ‎[即境活用]　‎ ‎8．(2010年高考重庆卷)The news shocked the public，__________to great concern about students’ safety at school.‎ A．having led　　　　　　 B．led C．leading D．to lead 解析：选C。句意：这条新闻使广大民众感到很震惊，引起了人们对在校学生安全的担忧。考查非谓语动词作结果状语。首先排除B和D两项；having done 指动作先于谓语动词发生，在此不符合语境，故只能选择C。‎ ‎9．(2011年成都外国语学校模拟)Oil prices have risen________32 percent since last year，________a record $84.65 a barrel on Nov.9.‎ A．by；reached B．by；reaching C．by；to reach D．to；reaching 解析：选B。考查介词的用法及非谓语动词的用法。介词by表程度，reaching短语在句中作结果状语。不定式也可作结果状语，但常与only或just连用，表示一种意想不到的结果。‎ ‎10．(2011年绵阳诊断)The financial crisis that originated(源于)on Wall Street swept the world，thus________large numbers of workers jobless.‎ A．leaving B．to leave C．left D．have left 解析：选A。考查非谓语动词的用法。动词leave与其逻辑主语the financial crisis 之间是主谓关系，所以用leaving...作结果状语，相当于which left...。‎ 作文指导 主动句和被动句的变换 什么时候用被动，什么时候用主动，主要是由陈述对象决定的。英语写作中特别强调陈述对象的一致性，因此考生在选择主动和被动时一定要慎重。‎ 主动变被动 ‎1．不需体现动作的执行者。‎ ‎【佳句选粹】‎ ‎【原文】 【优化】‎ It will certainly produce a great change in the world’s communications. A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications. ‎ ‎【分析】　本句强调“a great change”，使用被动语态会使其更符合英文表达。‎ ‎2.需要强调动作的承受者。‎ ‎【佳句选粹】‎ ‎【原文】 【优化】‎ The earthquake destroyed many buildings and houses on May 12th,2008. Many buildings and houses were destroyed by the earthquake on May 12th,2008.‎ ‎【分析】　为了强调“many buildings and houses”被毁坏，用被动语态更好。‎ ‎3.保持陈述对象的一致，以求行文连贯。‎ ‎【佳句选粹】‎ ‎【原文】 【优化】‎ My mother’s words moved me，and I felt so ashamed for my stubbornness. I was so moved by my mother’s words，and I felt so ashamed for my stubbornness.‎ ‎【分析】　为了保证两个句子的主语一致，把第1个句子变为被动语态，以使句子连贯。‎ 被动变主动 ‎1．需要体现动作的执行者。‎ ‎【佳句选粹】‎ ‎【原文】 【优化】‎ Now listening more to their children is paid more attention to by most parents，so they will understand them better. Now most parents pay more attention to listening more to their children，so they will understand them better.‎ ‎【分析】　本句想表达“现在父母们更注重倾听孩子们了”，因此句子要体现“most parents”的行为，因此用主动语态。‎ ‎2.保持陈述对象的一致，以求行文连贯。‎ ‎【佳句选粹】‎ ‎【原文】 【优化】‎ If we don’t know how the wastes should be used，we can sell them to the recycling station. If we don’t know how to use the wastes，we can sell them to the recycling station.‎ ‎【分析】　原文中if引导的从句中的宾语从句 (how the...used) 的被动语态导致 if 从句中前后陈述对象混乱，影响了句意的明晰和语言的流畅。‎ v．ing作定语、表语和宾补 一、v.ing作定语 ‎1．动名词作定语常表示所修饰的名词的用途，常位于所修饰的名词之前，可以转换成“for...”的结构。‎ a sleeping bag(a bag for sleeping)睡袋 a writing desk(a desk for writing)写字台 a washing machine(a machine for washing)洗衣机 a walking stick(a stick for walking)拐杖 ‎2．动名词与现在分词作定语的区别：‎ 动名词作定语表示所修饰名词的功能、用途。现在分词作定语表示性质、特征、状态或动作，可以转换成定语从句。‎ The man standing there will sing us a song.‎ 站在那儿的那个男人将为我们唱一首歌。(现在分词)‎ Do you know the dancing girl?‎ 你认识这个跳舞的女孩吗？(现在分词)‎ Nobody can stop the running horse.‎ 没有人能阻止那匹奔跑的马。(现在分词)‎ They are swimming in the swimming pool.‎ 他们正在游泳池里游泳。(第二个swimming为动名词)‎ 二、v.ing作表语 Her job is teaching.她从事教学工作。‎ Mary is translating a book.玛丽在翻译一本书。‎ ‎1．动名词作表语表示一般性、经常性的动作。‎ His job is teaching English.‎ 他的工作是教英语。‎ ‎2．动名词与现在分词作表语的区别：‎ 动名词作表语表示主语的内容，可以把主语和表语交换；而现在分词作表语说明主语的性质、特征，此时主语和表语不可以交换位置。‎ She is washing the dishes.‎ 她正在洗餐具。‎ Teaching is my job.教学是我的工作。‎ 三、v.ing作宾语补足语 ‎1．动名词不作宾补，而现在分词可以作宾补。‎ 现在分词作宾语补足语主要用在某些动词如see，hear，notice，watch，keep，find，get，have，feel等后，与一个名词或代词构成复合宾语。这时v.ing形式和句子的宾语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，并且v.ing表示宾语正在进行的动作。‎ ‎2．v.ing和不定式作宾语补足语的区别：‎ 在see，hear，feel，watch，notice等感官动词后，既可以用动词的ing形式构成复合宾语，也可以用不定式构成复合宾语，两者之间存在着一定的区别，即：现在分词表示动作正在进行，而不定式表示动作发生了，即动作的全过程结束了。‎ 注意　在see，hear，feel，watch，notice等感官动词后，跟省to的不定式作宾补，但在被动语态中，应再加上to。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．This is a special(特殊的)day in the history of our country.‎ ‎2．Some species(种类)of animals have become extinct because they could not adapt to a changing environment.‎ ‎3．The comedian performed for our entertainment(娱乐)．‎ ‎4．Honesty(诚实)is the best policy.‎ ‎5．The falling leaves inspired(激起)her with sadness.‎ ‎6．He drank a mouthful(一口)of wine from each glass.‎ ‎7．They were undoubtedly the most outstanding couple in the field of physics all over the world.‎ ‎8．At last they overcame(战胜) all the Latin tribes in Italy.‎ ‎9．I wish I had this chance of coming into a fortune.‎ ‎10．Have you a particular reason for choosing the book?‎ Ⅱ.词语填空 boil，chew，swing，slide，knock into，entertain，whisper，direct，star in，overcome ‎1．It is not an easy job to_direct a large bank(乐队)．‎ ‎2．He knocked_into a chair in the dark，which hurt his knee badly.‎ ‎3．Chewing the food slowly is a good habit of taking a meal.‎ ‎4．After 8 years of hard fighting the Chinese people overcame the Japanese invaders in the end.‎ ‎5．Children like to_slide/sliding down the slope(斜坡)．‎ ‎6．When we visited our old friend，he entertained us with music.‎ ‎7．The actor starring_in The Gold Rush is Chaplin.‎ ‎8．The ship began to_swing at sea and some of the passengers began to feel seasick.‎ ‎9．I did not dare to speak aloud or even whisper to Alison what was in my mind.‎ ‎10．Some vegetables can’t be_boiled long，which can make them not delicious.‎ Ⅲ.把下列句子译成汉语，并写出其中非谓语动词的功能 ‎1．Tell the children playing there not to make so much noise.‎ 叫在那边玩的孩子别弄出那么多的噪音。playing_there作定语修饰children。‎ ‎2．We need someone to help with our work.‎ 我们需要有人帮我们做这项工作。to_help_with_our_work作定语修饰someone。‎ ‎3．The father’s task is to help his son find a good job.‎ 那位父亲的任务是帮他儿子找到一份好工作。to_help_his_son_find_a_good_job作表语。‎ ‎4．It is surprising to discover so many ancient Chinese coins in Australia.‎ 在澳大利亚发现那么多中国古硬币真令人吃惊。surprising作表语。to_discover_so_many_ancient_Chinese_coins_in_Australia是真正的主语，it是形式主语。‎ ‎5．A wellkept secret is one that you never tell anyone.‎ 一个保守得很好的秘密是一个你从来也不告诉任何人的秘密。wellkept作定语修饰secret。‎ ‎6．I noticed them forcing the door open with a hammer.‎ 我注意到他们正在用锤子敲开门。forcing_the_door_open_with_a_hammer作them的宾补。‎ ‎7．Did you see a boy pass here just now?‎ 刚才你看到有一个男孩从这里经过了吗？pass_here作a_boy的宾补。‎ ‎8．I could hear the couple whispering to each other during the first part of the play.‎ 我能听到那一对夫妻在演出第一幕时相互低声说话。whispering_to_each_other作the_couple的宾补。‎ Ⅳ.用所给动词的适当形式填空 ‎1．We heard them quarrelling (quarrel) about money after the concert；they looked very angry.‎ ‎2．The villagers saw the fire burning (burn) brightly in the distance.When they hurried there，they found some houses burned (burn) to the ground already.‎ ‎3．I didn’t see anyone take (take) away your paper.It might have been flown by the wind.‎ ‎4．During the days to_come (come) we’ll make good preparations for the sports meeting.‎ ‎5．The woman looking (look) at her map is a relative of my mother.‎ ‎6．Einstein was one of the greatest scientist respected (respect) by the people.‎ ‎7．Doing nothing is doing (do) ill.‎ ‎8．To do that would be to_cut (cut) the foot to fit the shoe.‎ ‎9．We were all very surprised (surprise) at the news.I found it very surprising (surprise)．‎ ‎10．He gave us an inspiring (inspire) speech.We were all inspired (inspire)．‎ Ⅴ.完成句子 ‎1．My friend is good at playing_on_words (说俏皮话)，which usually makes people laugh a lot.‎ ‎2．Usually he is serious，but at_times/sometimes_he_makes_some_jokes (有时说些笑话)．‎ ‎3．The teacher’s praise inspired_him_greatly (给他以极大的鼓舞)．‎ ‎4．As a novelist，Lu Yao is famous_for_his_novel_Life (以他的小说《人生》而著名)．‎ ‎5．He never helps others though_he_seems_to_be_kind_to_them (尽管他似乎对他们客气)．‎ ‎6．The_building_facing_(to)_the_south (朝南的那座大楼) is our library.‎ ‎7．Some stories by Mr.Lu Xun were_set_in_the_countryside_in_Zhejiang_Province (以浙江省的农村为背景)．‎ ‎8．I don’t know how_long_the_meeting_will_last (这次会议要开多长时间)，but I hope it will be as short as possible.‎ Ⅵ.单项填空　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎1．The man ________ there is our headmaster.Would you like to go over and say ‎ hello to him?‎ A．stand B．to stand C．is standing D．standing 答案　D 解析　本题考查v.ing形式作定语的用法。A、C两项因为不是非谓语动词形式而被排除。B项不定式表示未进行的动作，显然不合题意。‎ ‎2．The places ________ in the book are among the most beautiful in China，so the foreigner bought it at once.‎ A．describing B．described C．to describe D．be described 答案　B 解析　此题考查过去分词作定语的用法。因为place与describe之间存在动宾关系，因此describe应使用被动式。‎ ‎3．The ________ news made them ________.It turned out that China ranked first on the list of gold medals.‎ A．excited；exciting B．exciting；to be excited C．exciting；excited D．exciting；excite 答案　C 解析　“令人兴奋的”用exciting；“(人)兴奋的”用excited。‎ ‎4．The noise of desks ________ could be heard out in the street.We knew there must be a school nearby.‎ A．opening and closing B．opened and closed C．to be opened and closed D．being opened and closed 答案　D 解析　因为声音可以被听到，因此开关课桌的声音应该是正在发出。又因为desk与open/close之间存在动宾关系，因此close/open应使用被动式。综上所述，应使用being done的形式作定语。‎ ‎5．—Is this the path ________ to the village?‎ ‎—Yes，it is.‎ A．leads B．led C．leading D．to lead 答案　C 解析　leading to the village＝which leads to the village，v.ing形式用作定语。‎ ‎6．I have never heard the song ________ in such a strange way.‎ A．singing B．sang C．to sing D．sung 答案　D 解析　song与sing之间存在动宾关系，因此sing使用被动式，作宾语补足语。‎ ‎7．She smelt something ________ in the kitchen and shouted “Fire！” in a loud voice.‎ A．burning B．to burn C．burned D．burn 答案　A 解析　burn指“烧焦”，此处表示“正在燃烧”，因此用v.ing形式作宾语补足语。‎ ‎8．His job was ________ people with all kinds of tricks he can think of.‎ A．entertain B．entertaining C．entertained D．to entertaining 答案　B 解析　考查v.ing形式作表语，A、C、D三项中的形式不符合语法。‎ ‎9．Next week I’ll go to work in the town，so I’ll have my brother there ________ a house for me.‎ A．to find B．finding C．found D．find 答案　D 解析　have sb. do sth.为常用句型，do前的不定式符号to被省略。‎ ‎10．The director scolded Jane because she left the office with the door ________.‎ A．unlocking B．not being locked C．unlocked D．not locking 答案　C 解析　本题考查固定结构“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”中的宾语补足语的形式。door与unlock之间存在动宾关系，所以unlock应用被动式。‎ ‎11．Many children have formed the habit of reading but ________ notes meanwhile.‎ A．not take B．not to take C．not taking D．not to taking 答案　C 解析　句意为：许多孩子养成了阅读的习惯，但是没有养成同时做笔记的习惯。动名词作宾语。连词but连接介词of的两个宾语，即：Many children have formed the habit of reading but they have not formed the habit of taking notes meanwhile.。注意否定副词not置于非谓语动词前。‎ ‎12．________ about buying cars，I prefer a car less than 100,000 yuan to one over the amount.‎ A．To talk B．Talked C．Having talked D．Talking 答案　D 解析　本题考查非谓语动词的用法。现在分词表示动作正在进行，与主语是主动关系。‎ ‎13．________ after a long walk，Henry called and said he couldn’t come.‎ A．Having worn out B．Being worn out C．To wear out D．Worn out 答案　D 解析　句意为：长途跋涉之后，Henry感到精疲力竭，打电话说他不能来了。过去分词作状语。wear oneself/sb. out (to make oneself or sb. feel very tired)使疲乏，使精疲力尽，因此主语Henry与wear为被动关系。Worn out after a long walk...相当于状语从句Because Henry was worn out after a long walk...。‎ ‎14．I really appreciate ________ to help me，but I am sure that I will be able to manage by myself.‎ A．you to offer B．your offering C．that you offer D．that you are offering 答案　B 解析　句意为：我很感激你提出帮助我，但是我相信我能自己解决。动名词作宾语。appreciate (one’s) doing sth.其中的one’s为offering的逻辑主语。‎ ‎15．John did quite well in his exams，________ how little he studied.‎ A．consider B．considering C．considered D．to consider 答案　B 解析　句意为：鉴于John没怎么学习，他在考试中的表现已经相当不错了。considering...鉴于，考虑到……，为固定用法，不受句子主语的影响。如：She’s very active considering her age.就她的年龄来说，她是十分活跃的。‎ Ⅶ.阅读填空 Richard’s father died when he was five.Later on he lost his mother.An old woman felt sorry for the poor boy and often helped him.Of course he had no money to go to school.He had to work for a rich farmer.The man paid him nothing except food and clothes.__1__He found some old books near the school and taught himself to read and write.‎ ‎__2__It connected the village and the town.One morning people found there was a big stone on it.It stopped them from going to town.They had to move it away, or they had to cross the mountain if they had something to do in the town.But the stone weighed thirty tons at least and the strongest young men couldn’t do that.__3__‎ Richard looked at it carefully for a while and said, “I have a way to move it away.” But few men believed him.__4__Night fell and people went home.Only the boy stayed there.‎ To their surprise, the villagers found the stone was gone the next morning.They didn’t know which spirit had moved it away.__5__‎ ‎“How could he? ”the rich farmer called out.“He’s only fifteen! He couldn’t move it at all！” ‎ ‎“He dug a big hole beside the stone，” said the old woman, “And then he could easily pull it into the hole！” ‎ Looking at each other, the farmers couldn’t say a word.‎ A．There seemed to be nothing strange in the village.‎ B．The old woman said Richard had done it all.‎ C．There was a narrow path between two mountains.‎ D．But the boy didn’t lose heart.‎ E．Some farmers even laughed at the boy.‎ F．The boy hoped he could do something for the villagers some day.‎ G．They discussed for a long time, but nobody knew what to do.‎ 答案　1.D　2.C　3.G　4.E　5.B ‎ 要 点 梳 理 高效梳理•知识备考 ‎●重点单词 ‎1．humour n．幽默；滑稽→humourous adj.幽默的 ‎2．content adj.满足的；满意的 n．满足 vt.使满足 ‎3．perform v．执行；表演→performer n．表演者；演出者→performance n．执行；演出 ‎4．astonish vt.使惊诧→astonished adj.感到惊讶的→astonishing adj.令人感到惊讶的→astonishment n．惊讶 ‎5．fortunate adj.幸运的；吉利的→fortune n．运气，财富→fortunately adv.幸运地 ‎6．ordinary adj.平常的；普通的 ‎7．entertain vt. & vi.使欢乐；款待→entertaining adj.愉快的，有趣的→entertainment n．娱乐 ‎8．throughout prep.遍及，贯穿 adv.到处；始终；全部 ‎9．overcome vt. & vi.战胜；克服 ‎10．convince vt.使信服→convinced adj.坚信不移的→convincing adj.令人信服的 ‎11．direct vt. & vi. &adj.导演；指示；指挥；直的；直接的；直率的→direction n．指导→director n．导演→directly adv. & conj.直接地，径直地；一……就……‎ ‎12．outstanding adj.突出的；杰出的；显著的 ‎13．gesture n．姿态；手势 vi.做手势 ‎14．particular adj. & n．特殊的，特别的；细节；细目→particularly adv.特别地，挑剔地 ‎15．occasion n．时刻；场合 ‎16．slide vt. & vi.(使)滑动；(使)滑行 n．滑；滑动；幻灯片 ‎17．whisper n．耳语；低语 vt. & vi.低语；小声说 ‎18．react vi.作出反应；回应→reaction n．反应；回应 ‎●重点短语 ‎1．up to now直到现在 ‎2．feel/be content with 对……满足 ‎3．badly off 穷的；缺少的 ‎4．pick out 挑出；辨别出 ‎5．cut off 切断；断绝 ‎6．star in 主演；担任主角 ‎7．break into 破门而入 ‎8．worse off 境况更差，更糟糕 ‎9．through_out the world 全世界 ‎10．in search of 寻找 ‎11．burst into 突然发出 ‎12．bring out 产生；引起 ‎13．in the open air 在户外，在野外 ‎14．keep to 坚持；固守 ‎●重点句型 ‎1．As Victor Hugo once said, “Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face”， and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin.‎ 维克多•雨果曾经说过，“笑容如阳光，驱走人们脸上的冬天”。关于这一点，直到今天也没有人能比查理•卓别林做得更好。‎ ‎2．Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti. ‎ 查理首先吃起鞋带，好像它们是意大利面条一样。‎ ‎3．“Well, it certainly will be this morning，” the man said, “because I happen to be flying it！”“哦！那今天上午肯定要晚点了，”那人说，“因为碰巧我要驾驶那班飞机！”‎ ‎4．The tramp, a poor and homeless man with a moustache, wore large trousers, worn out shoes and a small round black hat.‎ 这个流浪汉，一个留着小胡子的穷苦的无家可归的人，穿着大裤子、破鞋子，头顶着黑色的小圆帽。‎ ‎●高考范文 ‎(2009•江西卷)‎ 学校即将举行以Turning a Bad Mood (心情) into a Good One”为题目的英语作文比赛，请按下列要求写一篇100词左右的记叙文或议论文。‎ 记叙文 ‎1．发生的具体事件。‎ ‎2．对你的心情有何影响？‎ ‎3．你如何应对？　‎ 议论文 ‎1．好心情的重要性。‎ ‎2．产生坏心情的原因。‎ ‎3．应该如何调整心情。‎ ‎[范文]‎ Turning a Bad Mood into a Good One One day, on my way to school by bus, I stepped on a young man's foot accidentally/quite by accident/chance. I said sorry to him politely immediately, but he called my names rudely. I am in a bad mood the rest of the day.‎ Realizing my bad mood, my headteacher talked with me patiently about it. He said that in fact it is an attitude toward life. It is known to us all that there is a famous saying ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎“Everything depends on one's attitude”. Life is like a mirror, if you smile at it, it will smile back to you. ‎ ‎ Through this matter, I realize that a good mood is actually an attitude toward life in essence, and that an active attitude toward everything is very important. I'll face everything unpleasant tolerantly from now on and let my soul full of sunshine.‎ 考 点 探 究 互动探究•能力备考 Ⅰ.词汇短语过关 ‎1．content n．内容，目录，容量；满足 adj.满足的；满意的 vt.使满足 be content with＝be satisfied with 对……感到满足/满意 be content to do sth.＝be willing to do sth.愿意做某事 content sb./oneself with sth. 使某人/自己对……满意 in content and form 在内容和形式上 ‎[即学即练1](1)Are you ____________ your present salary？你对现在的薪水满意吗？‎ ‎(2)My parents ________________________ in the country.我父母甘愿住在乡下。‎ ‎(3)Simple praise is enough to ____________.‎ 一点点表扬就足以使他满足。‎ ‎(4)Show me __________________ your suitcase.‎ 给我看看你手提箱里的东西。‎ ‎　 　‎ content with are well content to live content him the contents of 提示：content 用做形容词时，通常做表语、后置定语或状语，做前置定语要用contented，如：a contented expression“满足的表情”； content 前的修饰词用 well，而不用 very。‎ ‎2．astonish vt. 使吃惊；使惊讶 astonishing adj. 令人十分惊异的 astonished adj. 感到十分惊讶的 astonishment n. 惊讶 to one‘s astonishment 使某人万分惊讶的是 in astonishment 惊讶地 be astonished at/by sth. 因某事而吃惊 be astonished to do sth. 因干某事而吃惊 ‎[即学即练2](1)We __________________ the news of her sudden death.‎ 她突然去世的消息使我们震惊。‎ ‎(2)It ____________ us to hear that you did not receive our letter. 听说你还没收到我们的信，这使我们十分惊讶。‎ ‎(3)It was an ____________ story.这故事令人惊讶不已。‎ were astonished at astonished astonishing ‎3．entertain vt.&vi. 使快乐，款待 entertaining adj. 引人发笑的，有趣的，娱乐的 entertainment n. 招待，款待，娱乐 entertain sb. with sth. 用……使某人快乐 entertain sb. to sth. 用……招待/款待某人 give an entertainment to sb. 招待某人 ‎[即学即练3](1)He often __________ the children ______ funny expressions. 他经常用滑稽的表情逗孩子们玩儿。‎ ‎(2)I usually _________ my friends ______ dinner on Sundays.‎ 我常在星期天请朋友们吃饭。‎ ‎(3)It’s not a very serious film, but a good _______________.‎ 这不是一部严肃的电影，而是一部很好的娱乐片。‎ entertains with entertain to entertainment ‎4．overcome v. 战胜；克服；征服 be overcome by sth.……使某人垮掉，……使某人昏迷 be overcome with emotion/excitement/horror/grief 因情感/兴奋/恐怖/悲伤而不能自持 ‎[即学即练4](1)In the final game Sweden easily ____________ France.在决赛中，瑞典队轻松战胜了法国队。‎ ‎(2)Her parents __________________ grief at the funeral.‎ 在葬礼上她的父母悲痛欲绝。‎ ‎(3)The dead woman had __________________ smoke.‎ 这个女人是被烟呛死的。‎ ‎　　‎ overcame were overcome with been overcome by ‎5．convince vt.使确信，使信服，使认识 convincing adj.令人信服的；有说服力的 convinced adj.确信的；深信的；坚信的 convince sb. of sth. 说服某人相信某事 convince sb. that... 使某人信服(相信)‎ be convinced of... 确信……‎ be/feel firmly convinced that... 确信；笃信；坚信……‎ ‎[即学即练5]‎ ‎(1)We finally ____________ them ______ our adventure.‎ ‎＝We finally ___________ them ____________ our adventure.‎ 我们最终令他们信服了我们的冒险经历。‎ ‎(2)Her smile ___________ him ______ she was happy.‎ 她的微笑使他确信她快乐。‎ ‎(3)They __________________ the result of the experiment finally.他们最终相信了实验结果。‎ ‎(4)I __________________ his guilt.‎ ‎________he is guilty.‎ 我确信他有罪。‎ convinced of convinced to believe convinced that were convinced of am convinced of that ‎(5)There is now ____________ evidence that smoking causes lung cancer.现有令人信服的证据说吸烟能导致肺癌。‎ ‎　‎ convincing ‎6．direct vt.&vi. 导演；指挥；指示　adj. 径直的；直接的；直率的　adv. 直接地 direct sth. to/towards sth./sb.‎ direct sth. at/against sth./sb.把……对准 ‎(某方向或某人)‎ direct sb. to sp. 给某人指路，为某人领路 direct sb. to do sth. 指示/命令某人做某事 that 从句(用虚拟语气)‎ the direct road/train 直通道路/直达列车 be in direct contact with sb. 与某人有直接的联系 go direct to sp. 直接去某地 ‎[即学即练6](1)She prefers to ______ rather than ______.‎ 她宁愿当演员，不愿当导演。‎ ‎(2)The police officers had __________________ search the building. 警察奉命搜查这栋大楼。‎ ‎(3)The judge _________ that the mother be given custody of the child. 法官判决这孩子由母亲照管。‎ ‎　‎ act direct been directed to directed ‎7．particular adj. 特殊的，特别的，挑剔的 n. 细节，细目 be particular to 是……特有的 be particular about/over sth. 对……讲究，挑剔 in particular 尤其，特别，格外 ‎[即学即练7](1)The coconut __________________ the tropics.椰子是热带地区特有的。‎ ‎(2)She __________________ her clothes.‎ 她对衣着很讲究。‎ ‎(3)She loves the song ____________， because her mother used to sing it.‎ 她特别喜爱这首歌，因为她妈妈过去经常唱。‎ ‎　‎ is particular to is particular about in particular ‎8．whisper v．&n.低语，耳语，私语；私下说，低声地说 in a whisper (＝in whispers) 低声地 whisper about sth. 密谈某事 It is whispered that... 有人私下说……‎ whisper to sb. 对某人窃窃私语 ‎[即学即练8](1)They debated it ____________.‎ 他们低声辩论。‎ ‎(2)The two girls were ______________ in the library.‎ 这两个女孩在图书馆里低声说话。‎ ‎(3)After a few minutes, he ___________ the answer ______ the creature’s ear.‎ 过了几分钟，他小声在这个动物的耳旁说出答案。‎ ‎(4)__________________ that he was heavily in debt.据说他负债累累。‎ in whispers whispering whispered in It was whispered 提示：whisper 后接双宾语时，间接宾语无论在前还是在后，其前都要带介词 to, 即whisper sth. to sb.＝ whisper to sb. sth.。类似结构还有：‎ announce sth. to sb. 向某人宣布……‎ explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释……‎ introduce sth. to sb. 向某人介绍……‎ suggest sth. to sb. 向某人提议 report sth. to sb. 向某人报告 ‎9．react vi.&vt. 反应，反抗；起化学反应，起作用 react to sth. 对……作出反应 react on (upon)‎ 对……起作用，对……有影响，对……起反应 react against 反抗，反对 ‎[即学即练9](1)How did he ____________ the news?‎ 他对这消息有何反应？‎ ‎(2)Will the people ever ____________ this dictator?‎ 有朝一日人民会起来反抗这位独裁者吗？‎ ‎(3)Applause _______________ a speaker.‎ 鼓掌对讲演者有影响。‎ ‎　　‎ react to react against reacts on/upon ‎10．badly off 穷的；缺少的 be badly off 拮据，贫穷 be badly off for sth. 某物短缺，不够 ‎＝be short of/lack of be well off 有钱的，富裕的 be well off for sth.某方面是充裕的 ‎[即学即练10](1)I have got a big room so I‘m not too ‎ ____________.‎ 我有一间蛮大的屋子，所以住得还不坏。‎ ‎(2)His family is not ____________.‎ 他家境不太富裕。‎ ‎(3)We _______________ for storage space in the new offices.我们的新办公室里有很多贮藏东西的地方。‎ ‎(4)She ______________ for friends.‎ 她缺少朋友。‎ badly off well off were well off is badly off ‎(5)I went to his home and found his living conditions were ____________ than mine.‎ 我去他家一看，发现他的生活状况比我的更差。‎ ‎　　　　‎ worse off ‎11．pick out 选出；选拔；分辨出；领会 pick on 选择(某人或某物)作受罚(挨骂、干不愉快的 工作)的对象 pick up 拾起，捡起；收拾，整理；得到；学会；‎ 用车接某人；收听到；身体好转 pick off 摘下，摘掉；逐个地(或有选择地)瞄准射中 ‎[即学即练11](1)Let me ____________ some good ones for you.让我来替你挑几个好的。‎ ‎(2)It's easy to __________________ in a crowd because he is very tall.‎ 很容易从人群中辨认出他，因为他个子很高。‎ ‎(3)The bus ____________ passengers outside the airport.‎ 公共汽车在机场外接乘客。‎ ‎　‎ pick out pick him out picks up ‎12．cut off 切掉，割掉，分离，隔离(常跟 from)，中断 cut across 抄近路穿过；对直穿过 cut away 切掉，剪掉；逃走，跑开 cut down 砍倒；(疾病等)夺去生命；削减，缩短；‎ 毁灭，破坏 cut in 插嘴；突然插入 cut into halves/pieces 切成两半/切碎 cut out 切掉；删掉 cut up 切碎，切掉；使丧气，使痛心 ‎[即学即练12](1)I had my hair ____________ and sold it.‎ 我把头发剪掉卖了。‎ ‎(2)Just when she had reached the most important point we ______________.‎ 她刚刚讲到最要紧的地方，我们的电话就被切断了。‎ ‎(3)We were completely ______________ the outside world.我们和外界完全隔绝了。‎ ‎　　‎ cut off were cut off cut off from Ⅱ.重点句型详解 ‎1．As Victor Hugo once said, “Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face”， and up_to_now_nobody has been able to do this better_than Charlie Chaplin. 维克多•雨果曾经说过，“笑容如阳光，驱走人们脸上的冬天”。关于这一点，直到今天也没有人能比查理•卓别林做得更好。‎ ‎(1)as在此引导定语从句，修饰后面整个句子，此时，定语从句的位置比较灵活，可放在句首、句中或句末，译为“正如，正像”。‎ ‎①As all his friends agree, he was unusually warm－hearted, loving and generous.‎ 正如他所有的朋友都认为的那样，他非常热心、可亲、慷慨。‎ ‎②I am as you can imagine short enough of money.‎ 正如你所想象的那样，我很缺钱。‎ ‎③He was a teacher, as was clear from his manner.‎ 正如根据他的举止所断定的，他是一位老师。‎ ‎(2)up to now 意为“迄今；到现在为止”，是多用于现在完成时的时间状语，常可与 until now, by now, so far 互换。‎ ‎①Up to now, about 30 foreign companies have set up branches in this developing zone.‎ 到现在为止，已有大约30家外国公司在这个开发区设立了分公司。‎ ‎②They have raised more than $1 000 000 for this project up to now/until now/so far.‎ 到目前为止，他们已经为这个项目筹集到一百多万美元了。‎ ‎(3)．..nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin.‎ 当形容词或副词的比较级出现在否定句中时，往往不表示否定的意义而是表示充分的肯定。‎ ‎—I think students should have more of their own time. Don‘t you think so?‎ 我认为学生应该有更多的属于他们自己的时间。你不这么认为吗？‎ ‎—I can’t agree more. (＝I completely agree.)‎ 完全赞同。‎ ‎[即境活用1]　—Shall I give you a ride as you live so far away?‎ ‎—Thank you. ______.‎ A．It couldn‘t be better　　 B．Of course you can C．If you like D．It's up to you 答案：A 解析：It couldn't be better. “再好不过了”，相当于 It's the best.‎ ‎2．“Well, it certainly will be this morning，” the man said, “because I happen_to_be flying it！”“啊，那今天上午肯定要晚点了，”那人说，“因为碰巧我要驾驶那班飞机！”‎ happen to do/be 碰巧 句型 Sb. happens to do sth.可以转换成 It happens that sb. does sth.，但使用时要注意复合句中从句谓语的时态要与简单句中的动词不定式的形式相呼应。‎ ‎①When I went to see him, he happened to be away on holiday.‎ ‎(＝When I went to see him, it happened that he was away on holiday.)‎ 我去看他时，他碰巧在外度假。‎ ‎②Joseph came to borrow my skiing boards yesterday, but I happened to have lent them to my cousin last week.(＝...but it happened that I lent them to my cousin last week.)‎ 约瑟夫昨天来借滑雪板，不巧的是我上星期借给我的表弟了。‎ ‎[即境活用2]　When the bridge fell down, several cars happened ______ on it.‎ A．to run B．running C．to be running D．that they were running 答案：C 解析：句意：那座桥坍塌时，正巧有好几辆汽车正在上面行驶。happen to do 中不定式根据语境可选择不同的形式。‎ ‎3．The tramp, a poor and homeless man with a moustache, wore large trousers, worn－out shoes and a_small_round_black_hat. 这个流浪汉，一个留着小胡子的穷苦的无家可归的人，穿着大裤子、破鞋子，头顶着黑色的小圆帽。‎ a small round black hat 中的 hat前有三个形容词做定语，在英语中多个形容词修饰名词时的顺序是：限制词(冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词)＋数词(序数词、基数词)＋描绘性形容词(nice, good, interesting, beautiful...)＋特征形容词(大小、长短、高低、形状、年龄、新旧)＋颜色形容词＋国籍、出处＋物质、材料＋用途、类别＋中心名词。我们可以用下面的一段顺口溜来帮助记忆：‎ 限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老。‎ 颜色国籍出材料，作用类别紧跟着。‎ ‎①all these last few years 所有这些逝去的岁月 ‎②some beautiful little red flowers 一些美丽的小红花 ‎③the first beautiful white Chinese military jeep 第一辆漂亮的白色中国军用吉普车 ‎[即境活用3]　—Is it Jim who is driving the new car?‎ ‎—Probably. I know he has recently bought a ______ car.‎ A．shiny black German ‎ B．black shiny German C．shiny German black ‎ D．black German shiny 答案：A 解析：考查形容词的排列顺序。‎ 易 错 点 拨 自我完善•误区备考 ‎1.direct/directly ‎(1)direct 用于具体意义，指“中途不停地，径直地”。‎ ‎(2)directly 多用于抽象意义，表示“直接地”，还有“立即，马上”等意思。directly 还可用做连词引导时间状语从句，相当于 as soon as。‎ ‎[应用1]　用 direct和directly 填空 ‎(1)___________ he came in, everyone was quiet.‎ ‎(2)He went ______ to the airport.‎ ‎(3)The measure affects me __________.‎ ‎　　‎ Directly direct directly ‎2. especially/specially/particularly ‎(1)especially 强调程度，意为“特别，尤其”。‎ ‎(2)specially 强调目的，多指为某一特定目的而专门做某事。‎ ‎(3)particularly 表“特别地，尤其地”，可以与 especially 互换，但 particularly 还可作“详细地，细致地”讲。‎ ‎[应用2]　用 especially, specially, particularly 填空 ‎(1)The doctor told the patient ___________ not to drink.‎ ‎(2)I like the country, ____________________in spring.‎ ‎(3)Please describe the event fully and ______________.‎ ‎　‎ specially especially/particularly particularly 高 效 作 业 自我测评•技能备考 Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．The government called on us to stop the bird flu from spreading t_________________ the country.‎ ‎2．Floods in that country made thousands of people h________________.‎ ‎3．I think that you are f_________ to have such a good teacher.‎ ‎4．I was no longer satisfied with the life that had once c_____________ me.‎ ‎5．Young as he is, he has o__________ a lot of difficulties.‎ throughout　‎ homeless fortunate contented overcome ‎6．Charlie Chaplin's _____________ (愉快的，有趣的) silent movies are still popular today.‎ ‎7．The film _________ (导演) by Chaplin was very interesting.‎ ‎8．There was nothing in the letter of _________ (特别) importance.‎ ‎9．The news that our team had won __________ (使惊讶) everyone.‎ ‎10．The pen _________ (滑落) from his hand.‎ entertaining　‎ directed particular astonished slided Ⅱ .单项选择 ‎1．(2010•临川一中)－Stay a bit longer; it's been such ______ fun having you with us.‎ ‎－Thanks, anyway. I've to get ______ early start tomorrow morning.‎ A．/; the B．a; an C．/; an D．the; an 答案：C 解析：考查冠词。第一空因fun为不可数名词，所以不用冠词；第二空get an early start早早出发，固定用法。‎ ‎2．If he hadn't been so ______ about his food, he would be healthier now.‎ A．special B．curious C．particular D．anxious 答案：C 解析：考查形容词辨析。be particular about “对……挑剔”，为固定搭配。‎ ‎3．______of the truth of the report, he told his colleagues about it.‎ A. Convinced B. Convincing C. To convince D. Having convinced 答案：A 解析：convince是及物动词“使确信，信服”，用于 convince sb. of sth. 或be convinced of sth. 短语，该空做状语，应用 convinced。‎ ‎4．—What will you buy for your husband's birthday?‎ ‎—I want to buy a ______ wallet for him.‎ A．black leather small B．small black leather C．small leather black D．black small leather 答案：B 解析：考查形容词的排列顺序。‎ ‎5．I don't know whether you happen ______ but I'm going to study in the USA in summer.‎ A．to be heard B．to be hearing C．to hear D．to have heard 答案：D 解析：考查 happen to do “碰巧……”，由句意可知用不定式的完成式 to have heard。‎ ‎6．—How can I take the medicine, sir?‎ ‎—Just follow the ______ on the bottle.‎ A．information B．introduction C．directions D．explanations 答案：C 解析：考查名词辨析。“瓶子上的说明书”用 directions。 explanation解释说明；information 信息；introduction介绍。‎ ‎7．When Jason failed to pay his bill, the network company ______ his Internet connection.‎ A．cut down B．cut up C．cut off D．cut out 答案：C 解析：考查动词短语。cut off “切断”，合题意。‎ ‎8．(2010•湖北百校联考)Her irresponsible behavior ______ her father many sleepless nights.‎ A．costs B．takes C．spends D．pays 答案：A 解析：cost“使付出努力，使做不愉快的事”，符合语意“她不负责任的行为使她的父亲夜不能寐”。‎ ‎9．(2010•甘肃天水一中)I ______ in London for many years, but I've never regretted my final decision to move back to China.‎ A．lived B．have lived C．had lived D．was living 答案：A 解析：“我在伦敦生活了很多年”只是对过去的一般叙述，过去的动作并没有对现在造成影响，故用一般过去时。‎ ‎10．—How do you ______ to her unkind behavior?‎ ‎—Only silence.‎ Which of the following is wrong?‎ A．answer B．react C．reply D．respond 答案：A 解析：react to 意为“对……作出反应”；answer 后面不接 to；reply to“对……作出回答”；respond to“对……作出回答”。‎ ‎11．(2009•重庆一中)Is it high time that our society ______ those who are ______？‎ A．care for; badly off B．cared for; bad off C．to care about; well off D．cared about; badly off 答案：D 解析：care for 照顾，喜欢；care about 关心，在乎； be well off 富裕的；be badly off 贫困的。且 It is high time that...从句中应该用过去时态。‎ ‎12．Although there were so many people in the square, I could ______ my friend.‎ A．pick up B．pick out C．make up D．set out 答案：B 解析：考查动词短语。pick out挑选出来，辩认出来。‎ ‎13．The old man sat in the corner, ______ along.‎ A．well content to have a drink B．well content from having a drink C．quite contented having a drink D．to be quite contented with drink 答案：A 解析：be well content to do sth. 意为“非常满足于做某事”。‎ ‎14．He behaved naturally ______ nothing had happened to him.‎ A．even if B．only if C．as if D．so that 答案：C 解析：考查状语从句。as if“似乎，好像”，从句中用了虚拟语气。‎ ‎15．Occasions are quite rare ______ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.‎ A．who B．which C．why D．when 答案：D 解析：when 引导的从句做 occasions 的同位语。‎ Ⅲ .阅读理解 ‎ A ‎ Taking charge of your energy use not only saves your money, it helps to protect our environment by lowering emissions(排放) and conserving resources. There are many things you can do to save energy without affecting your comfort or convenience.‎ ‎ The household is a great place to start and a place where each one of us can make a big difference. So if you're looking for ways to lower your energy bill, start taking charge right here. It's easier than you think!‎ Decrease energy use ‎◆Turn off your water heater when you go on vacation for a week or longer.‎ ‎◆Take a short shower instead of a bath.‎ ‎◆Keep your refrigerator and freezer full.‎ ‎◆Shut down computers at night and when not in use.‎ ‎◆When your family is replacing appliances(家电), choose ones with an ENERGY ‎ STAR label.‎ Cooling ‎◆On hot summer days, close all of your blinds, curtains, windows and doors to keep out of the heat.‎ ‎◆Turn off the air conditioner overnight and when you are out during the day.‎ ‎◆Use fans to create nice cool breezes(微风)．‎ Lighting ‎◆Turn off lights when you leave a room.‎ ‎◆Try to open curtains and use natural light when possible.‎ ‎◆Replace regular light bulbs with energy efficient ones.‎ Laundry(洗衣)‎ ‎◆Make sure your washing machine and dryer are full when you use them.‎ ‎◆Wash your clothes in cold water when you can.‎ ‎◆Dry your clothes on a clothesline whenever possible—this uses no electricity at all.‎ ‎______‎ ‎◆Cook as many dishes as possible at a time.‎ ‎◆Only boil the water you need.‎ ‎◆If possible, use smaller appliances instead of large ones when cooking small portions(份额)—it also helps keep your house cool.‎ ‎◆Remember to use the thermometer or timer on your oven to avoid over－cooking.‎ ‎1．If you choose appliances with an ENERGY STAR label, you will probably choose the ones ______.‎ A．that are shiny like a star B．with a star shaped mark on C．that help to save energy D．that are cheaper and easier to run 答案及解析：C。细节题。根据Decrease energy use标题可知，选择的电器应该是能节省能源的，这里的ENERGY STAR label指一种节能的标志(签)。故选C项。‎ ‎2．What can be learned from the passage?‎ A．A blind may be a kind of curtain.‎ B．Light bulbs can be replaced by natural light.‎ C．Washing machines must be full of water when used.‎ D．People must have both small and large appliances to cook.‎ 答案及解析：A。细节题。根据Cooling部分第1点close all of your blinds, curtains, windows and doors to keep out of the heat可知blind可能也是一种能遮挡光和热的窗帘。故选A项。‎ ‎3．To save the energy, we should ______.‎ A．put few things into our refrigerators B．open curtains on hot days C．cook only one dish at a time D．hang our clothes to dry 答案及解析：D。细节题。根据Laundry部分的Dry your clothes on a clothesline whenever possible可知我们应该晾晒衣服。故选D项。 ‎ ‎4．Which of the following titles can be used to fill in the blank?‎ A．Cooking B．Heating C．Appliances using D．Water saving 答案及解析：A。主旨大意题。文章最后一部分主要是讲烧水做饭时如何能做得更加节能，故A项为最佳标题。‎ 这是一篇新闻报道，文章看似难，但设题并不难做，对于这样的题型，我们可以先看题，采取查读的方式做题，然后再返回文章印证答案。‎ ‎ B Vienna—In spite of Iraq's decision to stop oil deliveries, the 11nation Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries(OPEC)will not increase production to make up the shortfall, ministers decided Tuesday in Vienna.‎ ‎ The 11 oil ministers decided to meet again on July 3 to discuss the effects of the Iraq temporary stop. The organization's president, Charkid Kheria of Algeria, said after the meeting that stocks were high and prices were stable, so quota increases were not necessary.‎ ‎ The E．U. Commission has expressed concern about Iraq's output stop. A speaker said OPEC had to take all possible measures to keep or lower the oil price.‎ ‎ Saudi Arabia's Oil Minister Ali AlNuaimi had earlier said there would not be any shortfall of oil in the market. The organization had already taken steps to fill the gap, he said. ‎ OPEC Secretary General Ali Rodriguez added that the period of Iraq's output stop was not known, so other exporters were not going to lift quotas yet. If the market was destabilized (使……动摇), a suitable response could be made. Iraq on Monday stopped shipments of crude oil to protest against the U．N. Security Council's decision ‎ to extend the oilforfood programme by only a month, instead of the normal sixmonth renewal. Just before the Vienna meeting, oil prices had gone up, with a barrel of OPEC crude oil selling for 27.05 dollars, up from 26.81 ‎ dollars last Friday. North Sea oil was at 29.26 dollars Monday evening.‎ ‎ OPEC wants the oil price to stay within a margin of 22 to 28 dollars and achieved that with cuts in January and March that reduced 2.5 million barrels per day off quotas(配额)．‎ ‎5. Iraq made the decision to stop oil deliveries because ______.‎ A. oil price is too low in international market B. the U．N. Secretary Council has decided to shorten the time of extension of the oilforfood programme C. many oil wells were destroyed during the war in the late 1980s D. it couldn't get enough money to develop its economy 答案及解析： B。由文章倒数第二段第一句可知。‎ ‎6. The attitude the E．U. Commission took towards Iraq's output stop is ______.‎ A. active B. concerned ‎ C. cold D. surprised 答案及解析： B。由文章第三段可知。‎ ‎7. The 11 oil ministers decided to meet on July 3 so that______.‎ A. they can persuade Iraq to continue oil production B. they can have a talk with the U．N. Security Council C. they can have a discussion about the effects of Iraq's temporary output stop D. they can make up their minds to increase oil production 答案及解析： C。文章第二段第一句说明。‎ ‎8. The main idea of the passage is ______.‎ A. the oil prices in the world were stable though Iraq has stopped oil deliveries B. OPEC has controlled the oil price to stay within a margin of 22 to 28 dollars C. OPEC will not increase oil production to make up the shortfall that caused by Iraq D. oil is connected with people's daily life ‎8.答案及解析： C。文章开头就点明了OPEC对伊拉克暂停供油的态度，下文又进行了分述。‎