2019届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit5NelsonMandela─amodernhero单元学案（22页word版）

2019届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit5NelsonMandela─amodernhero单元学案（22页word版）

2019 届一轮复习人教版必修一 Unit5Nelson Mandela ─ a modern hero 单元学案 单元基础知识过关复习 核心词汇 1．Bill Gates is a ____________(大方的)person，who has given millions of dollars to help many poor children. 2．He was involved in a bank robbery and was ____________(判刑)to three years in prison. 3 ． I became worried when I heard that he had been____________( 袭 击)by an animal on the way home. 4. It does serious harm to children’s character that too much____________(暴力)is shown on television. 5 ． The man who ____________( 逃 跑 )from prison 10 years ago was arrested last week. 6．We should improve what is called the____________(质量)of living. 7．He gave the children some chocolate to____________(酬谢)them for behaving well. 8．If you’re____________(乐意的)to fly at night，you can get a much cheaper ticket. 9 ． We need to____________people so that they can understand the importance of a good ， healthy diet.As is known to us ， a good____________will help us succeed.(educate) 10．用 guide；guidance 填空 (1)Your teacher can give you____________on choosing a career and writing a job application. (2)We hired a local____________to get us across the mountains. (3)The experienced professor often____________students in their studies. 1.generous 　 2.sentenced 　 3.attacked 　 4.violence 　 5.escaped　 6.quality　7.reward　8.willing　9.educate；education　10.(1)guidance　 (2)guide　(3)guides 高频短语 1．________________　　失业 2．________________ 事实上 3．________________ 使充气；爆炸 4．________________ 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中 5．________________ 求助于；致力于 6．________________ 丧失勇气或信心 7．________________ 当权；上台 8．________________ 设立；建立 9．________________ 被判处……(徒刑) 10．________________ 愿意做某事 1.out of work　2.as a matter of fact　3.blow up　4.in trouble　5.turn to　 6.lose heart 　 7.come to power,8.set up 　 9.be sentenced to 　 10.be willing to do sth 重点句式 1 ． The last thirty years____________the greatest number of laws________our rights and progress ， until today we have reached a stage________we have almost no rights at all. 过去 30 年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利，阻挡了我们的进 步，一直到今天，我们还在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。 2．...________we decide to answer violence with violence. ……只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。 3．I felt bad ______________ I talked to a group. 我第一次向(参观)小组谈论(罗本岛监狱的情况)时，心里觉得很不好 受。 4 ． He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings ________________. 他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上本来该睡觉的时候教我们学习。 1.have seen ； stopping ； where 　 2.only then did 　 3.the first time　 4.when we should have been asleep 知识详解 1.devote　vt.　献身；专心于 (回归课本 P33)A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others. 伟人就是将他/她的一生致力于帮助别人的人。 [归纳拓展] [例句探源]　 ①I’m devoting all my time and energy to caring for my son right now. 目前我把所有的时间和精力都放在照顾儿子上。 ②Her son，to whom she is so devoted，went abroad last year，leaving her alone in the small village. 她非常疼爱的儿子去年去了国外，留下她一个人在小村子里。 ③(牛津 P548)His devotion to his wife and family is touching. 他对妻子和家人的关爱感人至深。 [即境活用]　 1．这些艺术家把终生献给了艺术，为艺术事业作出了巨大贡献。 These artists ________ ________ ________ ________ ________art，and made great contributions to the artistic field. 答案：devoted all their life to 2. vote　vt.& vi.　投票；选举 n．　投票；票 (回归课本 P34)Black people could not vote or choose their leaders. 当时黑人没有选举权，他们无权选择他们的领导人。 [归纳拓展] [例句探源]　 ①(牛津 P2252)Did you vote for or against her? 你投了她的赞成票还是反对票？ ②( 牛津 P2252)We will listen to the arguments on both sides and then vote on it. 我们将先听听双方的论点，然后再表决。 ③There was once a time when women had no right to vote. 曾经有一段时间妇女没有选举权。 [即境活用]　 2．完成句子 (1)我将投票选吉姆，因为我认为他比别人好。 _______ _______ _______ _______Jim，because I think he is better than others. 答案：I shall vote for (2)因为他们不同意对方的意见，他们决定投票决定这件事。 As they couldn’t agree with each other，they________ _______ _______ ________the issue. 答案：decided to vote on 3.equal　v．　等于；抵得上 　　 adj.　相等的；胜任的 　　 n．　同等的人；相等物 (回归课本 P34)But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal. 但是，我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这是为了实现我们黑人和白人平等 的梦想。 [归纳拓展] [例句探源]　 ①(朗文 P680)I’m not sure he is equal to the job. 我不确定他是否能胜任这份工作。 ②None of us can equal her，either in beauty or as a dancer. 不管是容貌还是舞艺我们都比不上她。 ③It is reasonable to demand equal pay for equal work. 要求同工同酬是合理的。 ④He is a player without equal.他是个无与伦比的运动员。 【高效记忆】 [即境活用]　 3．I don’t think he is equal________this kind of work，so I can’t hire him. A．in doing　　　　　　　 B．doing C．to do D．to doing 解析：选 D。be equal to doing sth.胜任某事，其中的 to 为介词。 4.reward　n．& v．　报答；报酬；奖赏 (回归课本 P38)They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks. 他们说来自新南非政府的那份工作和薪水是对我一生为黑人的平等 权利而奋斗的回报。 [归纳拓展] [例句探源]　 ①(牛津 P1712)You deserve a reward for being so helpful. 你帮了这么大的忙，理应受到奖励。 ②She got nothing in reward for her kindness. 她的好心没有得到一点回报。 ③How can I reward your kindness? 我怎么才能报答你的恩情呢？ ④(牛津 P1712)She started singing to the baby and was rewarded with a smile. 她开始给孩子唱歌，孩子则报以微笑。 [即境活用]　 4．Tom’s father made a promise that he would give him a(n)________if he passed the college entrance examination. A．award B．prize C．reward D．profit 解析：选 C。reward 表示“酬谢”、“奖赏”指做某事而得到的酬谢或奖 赏；award 意为“奖品”，指为鼓励工作表现突出的人而颁发奖励，往 往强调荣誉而不在乎奖品或资金的多少；prize 表示“奖品”、“奖金”， 多指在竞争、竞赛或抽彩中获得的奖；profit“益处”。 5.escape　v．& n．　逃脱；逃生；泄露 (回归课本 P38)It was a prison from which no one escaped. 那是个无人逃走过的监狱。 [归纳拓展] [例句探源]　 ①(牛津 P676)She managed to escape from the burning car. 她设法从燃烧的汽车里逃了出来。 ②He was lucky to escape punishment/being punished. 他逃脱惩罚真是幸运。 ③(牛津 P676)It might have escaped your notice，but I’m very busy at the moment. 也许你没注意到，可我此刻忙得不可开交。 ④He had a narrow escape.他九死一生。 [即境活用]　 5 ． Mike often attempts to escape________whenever he breaks traffic regulations. A．having been fined B．to have been fined C．to be fined D．being fined 解析：选 D。动词 escape 后接名词或动词­ing 形式，不接不定式。fine 是及物动词，意为“罚款”，需用被动语态。 6.turn to　求助于；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向 (回归课本 P35)Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal? 为什么曼德拉使用暴力以使黑人和白人平等呢？ [归纳拓展] [例句探源] ①(2010 年高考上海卷)Please turn to the police for help when you are in trouble. 有困难请向警察求助。 ②Their talk turned to the change that had taken place in the city. 他们的话题转到了城市发生的变化。 ③(牛津 P2175)We arranged to meet at 7∶30，but she never turned up. 我们约好了 7∶30 见面，但她根本没露面。 ④(牛津 P2174)The job turned out to be harder than we thought. 这个工作结果比我们想像的要难。 ⑤Why did she turn down your invitation? 她为什么拒绝你的邀请？ [即境活用] 6．She’s having a lot of trouble with the new computer，but she doesn’t know whom to ________. A．turn to　　　　　　　　B．look for C．deal with D．talk about 解析：选 A。本题考查动词短语辨析。turn to“求助于”；look for “寻 找”；deal with“处理”；talk about“谈论”。根据句意，A 项正确。 7．—What are you reading，Tom? —I’m not really reading，just ________ the pages. A．turning off B．turning around C．turning over D．turning up 解析：选 C。本题考查 turn 构成的动词短语。第二句句意：我没有真 正看书，只是在翻书。turn over“翻身；翻过(一页书)”，符合句意。 7.set up　设立，建立 ( 回 归 课 本 P39)1952 set up law office to help poor black people in Johannesburg，later this year，law office closed by government because he attacked anti­black laws 1952 年设立律师事务所，为约翰内斯堡的穷苦黑人提供帮助，后来 在这一年，律师事务所被政府关闭，因为他攻击反黑人法 [归纳拓展] [例句探源] ①Then，in 1955，the organization set up an office in Beijing. 于是，1955 年这个组织在北京设立了办事处。 ②A new school was set up for the peasant workers’ children. 一所为农民工孩子开办的新学校建立了起来。 ③The business was set up by his father. 这家公司是他父亲开办的。 ④(牛津 P1823)She tries to set aside some money every month. 她每个月都尽量存点钱。 [即境活用] 8．这些年来我一直为别人工作，我希望有一天可以开创自己的事业。 For all these years I have been working for others. I’m hoping I’ll ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ someday. 答案：set up my own business 句型梳理 1【教材原句】　The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress ， until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.(P34) 近三十年来，通过大量的法律来阻止我们的权利和进步，致使今天我 们到了几乎没有任何权利的地步。 【句法分析】　see，find，witness 等词可用物作主语，以拟人手法增 添语言色彩，see 可译为“(在某段时期)发生(某情况)，经历，经受”。 ①The city has seen many changes. 城市历经了许多变化。 ②The following year saw the death of both his sisters. 第二年他的两个姊妹都死了。 ③They came to the corner which had seen many accidents. 他们来到了那个发生过许多次事故的拐角处。 [即境活用]　 9．The year 1949__________the founding of the People’s Republic of China. A．saw　　　　　　　　　 B．watched C．observed D．noticed 解析：选 A。see 可译为“(在某时期)发生(某情况)，经历”，用在此处 符合题意。 2【教材原句】　However，this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.（P34）但是，那个时候你要想住在约 翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。 【句法分析】　this was a time when...有一段时期，when 引导定语从 句，不能换成 which。因为 when 在从句中作状语，而 which 在从句 中作主语或宾语。 【注意】　a time 此处表示“一段时间”，所以与不定冠词连用。 There was a time when women were not allowed to go to school. 曾经有一段时间，妇女不被允许去上学。 The time has come when we must part from each other. 我们彼此必须道别的时候到了。 It’s about a time when there were black slaves in North America. 那是一个美国北部还存在黑奴的时代。 There was a time when we lived in Beijing. 那是一段我们住在北京的时间。 There was once a time when the black had no right to vote.曾经有一段时 期黑人没有选举权。 [即境活用]　 10．There was________time________I hated to go to school. A．a；that　　　　　　　　B．a；when C．the；that D．the；when 解析：选 B。句意：曾经有一段时间我痛恨上学。第一空不表示特指， 第二空 when 引导的定语从句修饰先行词 time，且在从句中作时间状 语。 作文指导 并列句 ◆什么是并列句 并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句构成，这些简单句通过并列连词或 表并列关系的副词连接，有时也可以用分号连接，它们在整个句子中 的地位是平等的，没有主从之分，互不依从。 ◆主要并列关系 并列句一般由三种方式连接而成，连词、连接副词和分号。一般来说， 只有当两个分句之间的关系比较明确时，才会只用分号(不用连词)连 接，而大多数情况下都需要使用并列连词或副词进行连接。因此，要 正确地表达出句子之间的并列关系，就必须熟悉并掌握英语中常见的 表示各种并列关系的连词和副词。 英语中主要的并列关系及常用连词或副词参见下表： 关系 常用并列连词或副词 并列 and，as well as，both...and，not only...but(also)， neither...nor 转折或 对比 but，however，whereas，while，yet，still，instead， nevertheless，notwithstanding，on the other hand， not...but，rather than，in contrast，on the contrary 选择 or，nor，or else，otherwise，either...or 递进 besides，also，even，moreover，likewise， furthermore，what’s more，in addition 因果 for，thus，so，therefore，hence，consequently， accordingly，as a result 时间 then，meanwhile，subsequently，afterward，later 解释 that is(to say)，in other words 【佳句选粹】 ①We must make great efforts to catch up with others，or we will fall behind the others forever.(选择关系) ②She wanted to go to the cinema，but her parents told her not to.(表转 折) 【分析】　以上两句均属于并列句。第①句由 or 连接，两个并列分 句之间是选择关系；第②句由 but 连接，两个并列分句之间是转折关 系。 【佳句选粹】 ①Either you improve your work or I shall dismiss you.(选择关系) ②Not only did he speak more correctly ， but also he spoke more easily.(并列关系) 【分析】　以上两句均属于并列句。第①句由 either...or...连接，两个 并列分句之间是选择关系；第②句由 not only...but also...连接，两个 并列分句之间是并列关系。 【佳句选粹】 ①There was no news；nevertheless she went on hoping.(转折关系) ②He never went again，nor did he write to apologize.(并列关系) 【分析】　有些副词也起连词作用，可帮助构成并列句，第①句由 nevertheless 连接，两个并列分句之间是转折关系；第②句由 nor 连 接，两个并列分句之间是并列关系。 单元综合知识运用测试 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 话题 词数 建议用时 童话作家毕翠克丝·波特 326 7 分钟 (2018·河南洛阳市第一次模拟)There is a lot to learn about the creations of Beatrix Potter — not only is she the author and illustrator of one of the world's most famous children's books, The Tale of Peter Rabbit, but also a pioneering conservationist with the spirit of a scientist. “Potter grew up as the daughter of a wealthy Victorian family, but along with her brother who filled an entire floor of their large house in London with all sorts of animals，” said Anne Lundin, a retired professor for the UW­Madison School of Library and Information Studies. “As an adult, she was a frustrated botanical illustrator and scientist. That field was not open to her because she was female，” Lundin said. Potter was urged to turn the charming illustrations and stories she wrote in letters to children into books. She wrote 23 books in all — a body of work that has inspired plays, ballets, films and an astonishing amount of merchandise. “The Tale of Peter Rabbit is probably the most famous children's book in the world, which was published in 1902 and has really stood the test of time. It's been translated into 36 languages. The parents and grandparents will share it with the next generation，” said Lundin. Potter also made a mark on the world through, her land conservation. “In many ways, she was like Peter Rabbit, venturing into a world of adventure and risk. She withdrew from London as soon as she started making some money on her books to the Lake District and became an extremely important farmer and conservationist. She preserved and passed on 15 farms and over 4,000 acres, which were given back to the country as gifts in the 20th century，” said Lundin. Even though she was born 150 years ago, she was amazingly modern — her embracing of the natural world, commented Jennifer Blatchley Smith, an artistic director of the show Peter Rabbit Tales to celebrate the 150th anniversary of Potter's birth. 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了英国童话女作家毕翠克丝·波特的故 事。 1 ． What helped Beatrix Potter to write The Tale of Peter Rabbit successfully? A．Her life and work experiences. B．Her specialty in animated (动画) pictures. C．Her success in becoming a botanical scientist. D．Her interest in animals in childhood alone. 解析：选 A　推理判断题。根据第二段和第三段的整体内容可推 知，童话作家毕翠克丝·波特成功地写出了《彼得兔的故事》，这与她 的生活和工作经历密不可分。 2．What does the word “frustrated” in the third paragraph mean? A．Disappointed.　　　　　　 B．Devoted. C．Motivated. D．Inspired. 解析：选 A　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“That field was not open to her because she was female”可推知，波特在成为植物插图画家和科 学家的道路上不是一帆风顺的，主要是因为当时这一领域还未对女性 开放，由此可推知 frustrated 意为“不得志的，失意的”，故选 A。 3．What is Beatrix Potter? A．A botanist and artist. B．An extremely important farmer and successful scientist. C．A writer, conservationist and farmer. D．An artistic director. 解析：选 C　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，毕翠克丝·波特是 一个作家兼有科学家精神的保护主义者，结合倒数第二段可知，毕翠 克丝·波特还是一个农民，故选 C。 4．Why does the author write the article? A．In celebration of Potter's 150th birthday. B．In honour of Potter's new contributions. C．In praise of Potter's spirit of selflessness. D．In support of Potter's book promotions. 解析：选 A　写作意图题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者写本文 的目的在于庆祝波特的 150 周年诞辰。 B 话题 词数 建议用时 电影导演比利·怀尔德 298 7 分钟 (2018· 莱 芜 一 中 高 三 联 考 )Many experts say that Billy Wilder changed the history of American movies. He is often called the best movie maker Hollywood has ever had. He was known for making movies that offered sharp social comment. Wilder was one of the first directors to do this. Between the middle 1930s and the 1980s, Billy Wilder made almost fifty movies. During that time he received more than twenty nominations ( 提名) from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. He won six of the Oscar awards. His movies have been seen by people around the world. In 1944, Billy Wilder made the film Double Indemnity. Some critics said this movie established him as one of the greatest Hollywood directors. Wilder directed The Lost Weekend in 1945. Ray Milland plays the part of an alcoholic writer in the movie. It shows that alcohol rules his life, yet he does not admit it. He hides alcohol in his home and says he is not drinking. In 1950, Wilder made Sunset Boulevard. This movie told of an aging actress in silent movies. She plans to return to movies though facing many problems. In 1954, Billy Wilder became an independent producer. The next year, Wilder's first movie as an independent filmmaker was a huge success. It was Seven Year Itch. In this movie, a married mailman wants to cheat on his wife with some of his friends. In 1959, Wilder made a funny movie that was very popular. It was Some Like It Hot. It tells about two jazz musicians being chased by criminals. They decide to wear women's clothes and join a band in which all the musicians were women. Wilder died in March, 2002. He was ninety­five. A current Hollywood producer said: “Billy Wilder made movies that people will never forget.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国著名的电影导演 Billy Wilder(比利·怀尔德)的电影制作成就。 5．The text is mainly about ________. A．the background of American movies B．the development of American movies C．Wilder's attitude to American movies D．Wilder's achievements in American movies 解析：选 D　主旨大意题。根据文章首段和各段的首句可知，本 文主要介绍的是美国电影导演比利·怀尔德的电影制作成就。 6．What was Wilder famous for according to Paragraph 2? A．His unique style of making movies. B．Sharp remarks on society in his movies. C．More than twenty awards he received. D．Almost fifty movies he produced himself. 解析：选 B　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知比利·怀尔德 擅长制作尖锐评论社会的电影，这是他出名的原因。 7 ． Which of the following made Wilder among the greatest Hollywood directors? A．Double Indemnity.　　　 B．Sunset Boulevard. C．The Lost Weekend. D．Some Like It Hot. 解析：选 A　细节理解题。根据第三段前两句“1944 年，比利·怀 尔德制作了电影《双重赔偿》，这部电影使他跻身于好莱坞著名导演 的行列。”可知选 A。 8．The text is developed mainly by ________. A．following time order B．making comparisons C．analyzing exact data D．giving instructions 解析：选 A　篇章结构题。根据各段的年份可知，本文是按时间 顺序来组织的。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 (2018· 郑 州 高 三 质 检 )Although people value intelligence — understanding, reasoning, the ability to learn — they also respect wisdom, or the knowledge and experience that they gain over a lifetime.In some ways, wisdom is like beauty: we value it, we desire it, we know it when we see it, but it is nearly impossible to pin down such a nice quality.__1__ ·Working at being social. Studies show that people who stay connected with others show higher levels of wisdom than those who remain alone.__2__ Next time you're at a party or gathering, single out someone who's standing alone and strike up a conversation. ·__3__ Wisdom involves being able to understand all sides of an issue without letting personal feelings get in the way.Opening your mind means realizing that everyone has a life story that influences their actions.During the course of every day, make a note of the issues that annoy you, and take a moment to see them from the other side. ·Learning how to say “I could be wrong”． A wise person understands that it is impossible to know everything and that life is likely to take unexpected turns.__4__Admitting that there are times when you could be mistaken will go a long way towards strengthening your fame. ·Reading the news. __5__ If you don't already read a daily paper or news online, start by going through a single front­page article from a major respected news source. Almost everyone has the potential to become wiser, particularly if you strengthen these habits. A．Practicing being open­minded. B．Trying to be a wise man. C．But researchers have tried and here's what they've found. D．Recognizing your errors can lead only to even greater wisdom. E ． Make an effort to join a new club, or invite an old friend for coffee. F ． You do not have to admit your mistakes if you are really unwilling to. G．You cannot make balanced choices unless you understand world circumstances. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何变得有智慧。 1．选 C　空格处承接下文，且与上文在逻辑上有转折关系，在 文章中起承上启下的作用，所以选 C 项，介绍研究人员发现的变得 有智慧的方法。 2．选 E　根据“Working at being social.”并结合下文中的“Next time you're at a party ... strike up a conversation.”可知，空格处举例说明人们 要参加社交活动，提升智慧，故选 E 项。 3．选 A　根据本段中的“Opening your mind means realizing that everyone has a life story that influences their actions.”并结合本段的整 体内容可推知，本段主要鼓励人们要思想开明，故选 A 项。 4．选 D　根据“Learning how to say ‘I could be wrong’．”和空 格后一句可知，承认错误会让人更加有智慧，故选 D 项。 5．选 G　结合“Reading the news.”并根据本段整体内容可推知， 阅读新闻会让人们对周围甚至整个世界有一定的了解，这也会让人变 得有智慧，故选 G 项。 Ⅲ.短文改错 (2018·太原市高三第二学段测评)Alibaba's founder Jack Ma, his company has been valued at more than D|S255 billion of which Ma owned 6%, is put in the top position among China's wealthiest. But he stays outside the list of the world's 10 rich people. Fought against a hard life, young Ma still managed to learn English well enough to gain a degree and became a teacher. Afterwards he started a translation agency in which took him to the US, where he introduced to the Internet. His fate was bound to change before he was accidentally appointed to take an American visitor Jerry Yang, a co­founder of Yahoo, in a tour of the Great Wall. The meeting obvious proved to be a turning point for all of them, promoting the birth of Alibaba and the later cooperation with Jerry Yang. 答案：第一句：his→whose; owned→owns 第二句：rich→richest 第三句：Fought→Fighting 第四句：去掉 in; introduced 前加 was 第五句：before→when/after; in→to 第六句：obvious→obviously; all→both