【英语】新疆乌鲁木齐市2020届高三上学期第一次质量监测试题（解析版）

【英语】新疆乌鲁木齐市2020届高三上学期第一次质量监测试题（解析版）

新疆乌鲁木齐市2020届高三上学期第一次质量监测 英语试题 第一部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）‎ 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A This is a great demo for learning more about how to draw people.‎ Stage 1 With a 4H pencil, sketch an egg-shape for the head, in three-quarters view. Sketch the neck and shoulders. Add a circle indicating the shoulder joint. Check your proportions with one of the proportioning tools.‎ Stage 2 Add lines for the upper and lower forearm. For correct proportions, compare the length of the upper and lower arm to the height of the head, using one of the proportioning tools. Sketch lines to indicate the sides and bottom of the basket. Add lines that indicate the ridges of the hand’s knuckles and thumb. At this stage, the hand should look like a mitten, since the individual fingers are not yet defined.‎ Stage 3 Sketch in placement lines for the eyes and nose, and add a line for the center of the face. Sketch ellipses for the basket. Then go back and refine the eyes, nose, mouth and eyebrows. Add the individual fingers on the hand.‎ Stage 4 Sketch the ear and add more definition to the facial features, arm, hand and fingers. Erase any obsolete guidelines with a white vinyl eraser. Add the basic form of the clothing and head scarf, noting where major folds occur Also add short lines indicating the arm on the far side of the basket.‎ Must-Have Materials ‎● 4H, HB, 4B graphite pencils ● 14"×11"(‎36cm×‎28cm) medium-tooth drawing paper ●Copier paper to be used as frisket ● Dividers, proportional dividers or sewing gauge ● Drawing board. Kneaded eraser ● Value scale Optional, But Not to be Overlooked.‎ Pencil sharpener ● Scissors ● White vinyl eraser ‎1. Which is the drawing material you must bring?‎ A. Drawing board. B. 2B graphite pencils.‎ C. White vinyl eraser. D. Pencil case.‎ ‎2. The facial features are completed at ________.‎ A. Stage 1 B. Stage 2‎ C. Stage 3 D. Stage 4‎ ‎3. Which picture can match Stage 3?‎ A. B. ‎ C. D. ‎ B My kids sit in Gee’ s living room and respectfully lift antique Christmas ornaments (装饰品) out of a well-loved cardboard box. Gee tells me that she and Tom built their Christmas ornament collection piece by piece. She smiles as we leave with the box. Gee stands beside them, quietly explaining each treasure. Her precious heirlooms (传家宝), gathered over a lifetime, have found a new home.‎ We first met Tom and Gee in the early days of our marriage. Someone had been returning our garbage cans to the garage each garbage day, and Jim and I had wondered who. Then one day we spotted him: an elderly man who lived across the street.‎ I baked cookies and left them on a stool outside the garage with a thank-you note. When we got home from work that day, a typed letter had replaced the gift. The letter was from Tom and explained how he had come to walk the neighborhood on garbage day, returning cans for people he barely knew. Back when he’d been fighting a war I wasn’t alive to see, his young wife, Gee, ‎ had found herself living alone. Neighbors had taken the time to handle her garbage cans so she didn’t have to, and he never forgot. Now he paid it forward by doing the same for all of us.‎ A few years after we’d moved in, Tom died. We photocopied that letter and attached it to one of our own for Gee. We told her how thankful we were to have known him. She wrote back and told us she still talked to Tom every day. When Gee invited us over to look through Christmas omaments, I realized how hard it must be to part with that box, a piece of Tom.‎ It’s not just Gee and Tom. It’s the man who lets our kids pick peaches off the tree in his front yard. It’s the ladies who call Jim when their pool filter breaks and leave their overflowing basket for our kids on Easter. It’s the corrections officer directly across from us, who smiles and waves and makes me feel a little safer when Jim is a way.‎ This Christmas, we’ll decorate our tree with Gee’s ornaments, out of the box that is labeled in Tom’s handwriting. Maybe I’ll talk to him just as Gee still does. Thank you, I’ll say. For teaching us what it means to be a neighbor.‎ ‎4. Why is the cardboard box a treasure for Gee?‎ A. Because it was lost in the war B. Because it is filled with antiques C. Because it is full of memories of Tom. D. Because it is beautifully decorated ‎5. What happened when Tom was fighting in a war?‎ A. His wife could not live alone.‎ B. His neighbors helped his wife a lot.‎ C. The author wrote to him from time to time.‎ D. He paid his neighbors to take out the garbage.‎ ‎6. What do the ladies do in Paragraph 5?‎ A. They pick peaches for the author’s kids.‎ B. They often smile and wave to the author.‎ C. They help Gee decorate the Christmas tree.‎ D They give the basket to the author’s kids on Easter.‎ ‎7. What can be the suitable title for the text?‎ A. A Nice Couple B. A Garbage Man C. The Gift of a Great Neighbor D. The Best Christmas We have C So you think that by staying at home you are safe from all the terrible kinds of pollution present outdoors? Recent research done at the University of Texas has shown that staying indoors may actually be more harmful to one’s health than being outdoors in smoggy cities.‎ The research shows that chemicals added to our local water supply to kill harmful bacteria can have unwanted side effects. These chemicals can cause potential harm through drinking and in such seemingly harmless activities as cleaning one’s house. These additives are released from water by daily actions like water running out of taps, spraying from garden hoses, or splashing in dishwashers and washing machines. As the water is agitated (搅动), these chemicals are released into the air and then breathed in. Once inside our bodies, they start to affect our health harmfully.‎ Does this mean we should stop bathing? No, say the scientists, but we should put all pollution into perspective. Activities at home such as the burning of candles and incense release a lot of things which have been proven as harmful to health as working or living near high density traffic. New rugs, bedding, and even clothing give off that “new smell”, which is a sure sign of chemicals. In the office, newly-applied paint, newly-purchased telephones and other telecommunications equipment, and computers and their peripheral (外部设备) release polluting chemicals, too. As offices and homes often have inadequate ventilation (空气流通), these chemicals can build up to become health trouble. Their toxic effects are only now being slowly recognized.‎ These facts suggest that, at a minimum, proper airing of newly-purchased goods with an obvious chemical smell is a wise precaution. Home and office windows should be opened during good weather to allow a flushing of stale air. Even one’s car needs to be ventilated as well as the garage.‎ Until we understand the effects of our new technological environment better, we can only hope that “there is no place like home”.‎ ‎8. According to the text, why is the local water supply unsafe?‎ A. Because it contains harmful chemicals.‎ B. Because it contains poisonous bacteria.‎ C. Because the activities of using water are harmful.‎ D. Because washing dishes makes the water polluted.‎ ‎9 The underlined word “toxic” in Paragraph 3 is closest to “________” in meaning.‎ A. long-lasting B. poisonous C. obvious D. immediate ‎10. What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 4?‎ A. Present more detailed information. B. Summarize the previous paragraphs.‎ C. Introduce a new topic for discussion. D. Give some advice about the problem.‎ ‎11. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?‎ A. Enclosed environment may have potential health risks.‎ B. Staying indoors is actually less risky than going outside.‎ C. Home and office windows should be opened at any time.‎ D. Any use of electronic devices should be banned to prevent pollution.‎ D Medicine is not only a human invention. Many other animals, from insects to birds to nonhuman primates (灵长类), have been known to self-medicate with plants and minerals for infections and other conditions. Behavioral ecologist Helen of the Borneo Nature Foundation has spent decades studying the island’ s orangutans (红毛猩猩) and says she has now found evidence they use plants in a previously unseen medicinal way.‎ During more than 20,000 hours of formal observation, Helen and her colleagues watched 10 orangutans occasionally chew a particular plant (which is not part of their normal diet) into a juice and then rub it into their fur. They spent up to 45 minutes at a time rubbing the mixture onto their upper arms or legs. The researchers believe this behavior is the first known example of a nonhuman animal using an external pain-killer.‎ Local people use the same plant—Dracaena cantleyi (龙血树), an unremarkable-looking bush with stalked leaves—to treat aches and pains. Helens, co-authors studied its chemistry. They added chemicals from the plant to human cells that had been grown in a dish and had been artificially stimulated to produce cytokines (细胞因子), an immune system response that causes inflammation (炎症) and discomfort. The plant chemical reduced the production of several types of cytokines. The scientists reported the finding in a study published last November in Scientific Reports.‎ The results suggest that orangutans use the plant to reduce inflammation and treat pain. Such findings could help identify plants and chemicals that might be useful for human medications.‎ ‎12. What does “They” in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A. Birds. B. Local people.‎ C. The ten orangutans. D. The researchers.‎ ‎13. What can we learn about Dracaena cantleyi?‎ A. It can produce cytokines. B. It is effective as a pain-killer.‎ C. It is a special looking bush. D. It can lead to inflammation and discomfort.‎ ‎14. Which of the following statements is TRUE?‎ A. Orangutans mainly live on the particular plant.‎ B. Orangutans are the first animals to use a pain-killer.‎ C. Helens findings can be of great use for human drugs.‎ D. Helens co-authors added the chemicals from human cells to the plant.‎ ‎15. How does the author support his idea?‎ A. By analyzing data. B. By sharing experiences.‎ C. By making comparisons. D. By giving examples.‎ 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Many graduates will step up to the starting line of their careers this summer. And your first year in work may be a crucial period. ___16___. The devil is in the detail. Here we’ve listed some rules for newbies so you won’t mess up at the very beginning.‎ ‎1. Study the dress code What you wear creates people’s first impression of you. ____17____. Employers generally provide every employee with a dress code. You can easily get a copy from the human resources department.‎ ‎2. Keep your cubicle tidy ‎____18____. Also, your private environment discloses your personality. A well-kept one proves that you’re responsible. Doing your share of office chores will also endear you to your boss and colleagues.‎ ‎3. Communicate well with your supervisors It’s important to communicate often with your supervisors face to face. E-mail or online chatting is great for brief business exchanges, but any communication of real substance should be ‎ done in person. Try not to be shy or nervous, and be yourself. Then you can get your ideas across quickly. ____19____.‎ ‎4. Be honest, be yourself If you make a mistake, admit it and fix it. ____20____. It’s one of the biggest favors you can do for yourself and your career.‎ A. Staying organized at work saves time and energy B. Foster the quality of being honest from the beginning C. So it’s important to project a neat and professional image D. But do not drone on and waste their time-they’re always busy E. So it’s important to study general developments in your industry F. Forming good habits is as important as developing professional skill G. Develop a real passion for your job, no matter how trivial it seems to be 第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）‎ 第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题15分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ I can vividly remember watching the animal documentaries on PBS when I was growing up. There was something about the wild that was ____21____. In spite of my love of the society of lions nothing ____22____ me more than the speed and agility of an antelope.‎ In one documentary, the lions ____23____ their prey (猎物) of choice and with every piece of artistic talent the producer had he tried to indicate that it was all over for this ____24____ antelope. The lions were in ____25____ and the first female lion made a lunge (猛冲) for the ____26____ of the antelope. The antelope ____27____ in her current position and the lion must have miscalculated because she ____28____ her neck by centimeters. Without a second of ____29____ the antelope exploded with such force and _____30_____ that the other lions drew back and _____31_____ trying to play catch-up.‎ The lions were _____32_____ than the antelope, and they were smart. When they got close enough to the antelope, they _____33_____ one of their paws (爪子) to trip the _____34_____ animal. Now I don’t know if this antelope had one of those rear-view cameras (后视镜) but every time a lion got close she would change direction, _____35_____.‎ When pressure came from a different- _____36_____ she changed direction. When she could feel the breath of her _____37_____ on her neck she changed direction. She ran until they stopped running after her. This antelope had _____38_____. She was running for her life.‎ If you feel _____39_____ and things are not going the way they should, change _____40_____. Be the antelope. Run for your life.‎ ‎21. A. confusing B. interesting C. disappointing D. inspiring ‎22. A. changed B. imp C. satisfied D. reminded ‎23. A. picked B. treated C. made D. killed ‎24. A. curious B. unique C. cautious D. poor ‎25. A. danger B. surprise C. position D. demand ‎26. A. horn B. neck C. foot D. fur ‎27. A. ran B. jumped C. grew D. froze ‎28. A. caught B. forgot C. missed D. ignored ‎29. A. hesitation B. movement C. attention D. reply ‎30. A. excitement B. speed C. distance D. determination ‎31. A. ended up B. gave up C. felt like D. insisted on ‎32. A. slower B. luckier C. safer D. faster ‎33. A. gathered B. swung C. covered D. protected ‎34. A. dying B. passing C. running D. promising ‎35. A. violently B. secretly C. gently D. gradually ‎36. A. symbol B. team C. angle D. style ‎37. A. partners B. pursuers C. believers D. discoverers ‎38. A. purpose B. value C. pleasure D. enthusiasm ‎39. A. fun B. anger C. courage D. pressure ‎40. A. mind B. standard C. direction D. attitude 第二节（共10小题；每小题15分，满分15分）‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ China Aerospace Science and Industry Corp’s Kuaizhou ‎1A solid-fuel carrier rocket conducted two launch missions on Saturday, becoming the first Chinese rocket ____41____ (make) two flights in a single day.‎ A Kuaizhou ‎1A lifted off at 10:55 am at the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center in northern China’s Shanxi province and then sent the Jilin-1 Gaofen 02B optical remote-sensing satellite ____42____ space. About six hours later, another Kuaizhou ‎1A was fired at 4:52 pm at ____43____ same center and sent up six small satellites ___44___ (develop) by three domestic private enterprises, according to CASIC.‎ The two missions marked Kuaizhou ‎1A’s sixth and ____45____ (seven) flight since January 2017, ___46___ the rocket made its debut mission, the company said.‎ It has also been the first time for any Chinese launch center to carry out two launches within one day, experts said, explaining that this demonstrates China’s strong launch capability.‎ Kuaizhou is the largest solid-propellant rocket family in China, as opposed to the Long March series that ____47____ (main) relies on liquid fuel. Nine Kuaizhou-series rockets ____48____ (use) since the first Kuaizhou mission in September 2013. The 20-meter Kuaizhou ‎1A has a liftoff ____49____ (weigh) of about 30 metric tons. ___50___ is capable of sending 200 kilograms of payload into a sun-synchronous orbit, or ‎300kg of payload into a low-Earth orbit, according to CASIC.‎ 第三部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）‎ 第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ ‎51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ As the development of science and technology, supermarket in the future will be quite different from what they are now.‎ First of all, a wider variety of goods will be provided at much low prices. Moreover, there will have no human assistants in the supermarkets. All the work will be doing by robots. We can get the things we need just at the touch of the buttons on the screen but then robots will bring it to you. If you don’t want to take your things to home yourself, you can ask any robot to do that for ‎ you, that is free of charge.‎ In word, future supermarkets will be more convenient.‎ 第二节 书面表达（满分25分）‎ ‎52.假定你是李华，你校交换生Grace对中国历史很感兴趣，发邮件向你询问能通过什么途径了解中国历史。请你回复邮件，内容包括：‎ ‎1. 推荐的途径（至少两种）；‎ ‎2. 推荐的理由；‎ ‎3. 表达期待。‎ 注意：1. 词数100左右；‎ ‎2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案解析】‎ 第一部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）‎ 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）‎ ‎【答案】1. A 2. D 3. A ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何去画一个人的相关信息。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据Must-Have Materials中● Drawing board .Kneaded eraser可知，你必须带的绘画材料是制图板。故选A。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据Stage 4中 Sketch the ear and add more definition to the facial features, arm, hand and fingers.“画出耳朵的轮廓，在面部特征、手臂、手和手指上增加更多的轮廓。”由此可知，面部特征在Stage 4完成。故选D。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据Stage 3中 Sketch in placement lines for the eyes and nose, and add a line for the center of the face. Sketch ellipses for the basket. Then go back and refine the eyes, nose, mouth and eyebrows. Add the individual fingers on the hand.“画出眼睛和鼻子的位置线，在脸的中间加一条线。画出一个大概轮廓。然后再回过头来提炼眼睛、鼻子、嘴巴和眉毛。把手指分开放在手上。”由此可知，A图片可以与第三阶段相匹配。故选A。‎ ‎【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D 7. C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇记叙文。这是一篇记叙文。文章讲了作者得到了邻居的帮助，这对作者的影响很深，也告诉了作者作为一个邻居意味着什么。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第一段中Gee tells me that she and Tom built their Christmas ornament collection piece by piece. She smiles as we leave with the box. Gee stands beside them, quietly explaining each treasure.“Gee告诉我，她和汤姆一件一件地收集了圣诞节的装饰品，Gee站在他们旁边，静静地解释着每一件宝贝。”由此判断出，纸箱之所以是Gee的宝贝，是因为 它充满了对汤姆的回忆。故选C。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段中Back when he’d been fighting a war I wasn’t alive to see, his young wife, Gee, had found herself living alone. Neighbors had taken the time to handle her garbage cans so she didn’t have to, and he never forgot.“当他参加战争时，他年轻的妻子吉(Gee)一个人住。邻居们花时间帮她处理垃圾桶，这样她就不用自己动手了，而他也从来没有忘记。”由此可知，汤姆在打仗的时候他的邻居帮了他妻子很多忙。故选B。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中It’s the ladies who call Jim when their pool filter breaks and leave their overflowing basket for our kids on Easter.“是那些女士们，当她们的泳池过滤器坏了的时候，她们会给吉姆打电话，在复活节的时候，她们会把满满一篮子桃子送给给我们的孩子。”由此可知，女士们在复活节把满满一篮子桃子送给作者的孩子们。故选D。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 标题判断题。根据最后一段This Christmas, we’ll decorate our tree with Gee’s ornaments, out of the box that is labeled in Tom’s handwriting. Maybe I’ll talk to him just as Gee still does. Thank you, I’ll say. For teaching us what it means to be a neighbor.“今年圣诞节，我们要用Gee的装饰品来装饰圣诞树，这些装饰品是从盒子里拿出来的，上面有汤姆的笔迹。也许我会像Gee一样跟他说话。我得说，谢谢你。感谢你们教会我们什么是邻居。”由此可知，文章最佳标题为C项“一个好邻居的礼物”故选C。‎ ‎【点睛】推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的推理判断，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中的某一句话，也可能是某几句话，所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写或综合。推理判断题的题干中通常含infer,suggest,imply,conclude indicate等标志性词语。本题第1小题，根据第一段中Gee tells me that she and Tom built their Christmas ornament collection piece by piece. She smiles as we leave with the box. Gee stands beside them, quietly explaining each treasure.“Gee告诉我，她和汤姆一件一件地打造了他们的圣诞饰品系列。我们拿着盒子离开时，她笑了。Gee站在他们旁边，静静地解释着每一件宝贝。”由此判断出，纸箱之所以是Gee的宝贝，是因为它充满了对汤姆的回忆。故选C。‎ ‎【答案】8. A 9. B 10. D 11. A ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。德克萨斯大学最近的一项研究表明，呆在室内实际上可能比呆在烟雾弥漫的城市里对健康的危害更大。并列举了一些能够带来危害的室内用品，同时建议人们多通风。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中The research shows that chemicals added to our local water supply to kill harmful bacteria can have unwanted side effects. These chemicals can cause potential harm through drinking and in such seemingly harmless activities as cleaning one’s house.“研究表明，添加到我们当地水源中杀死有害细菌的化学物质可能会产生意想不到的副作用。这些化学物质可以通过饮酒和清洁房屋等看似无害的活动造成潜在的危害。”由此可知，当地的水供应之所以不安全是因为它含有有害的化学物质。故选A。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据第三段中In the office, newly-applied paint, newly-purchased telephones and other telecommunications equipment, and computers and their peripheral (外部设备) release polluting chemicals, too. As offices and homes often have inadequate ventilation (空气流通), these chemicals can build up to become health trouble.“在办公室里，新涂的油漆、新买的电话和其他通讯设备，以及电脑及其周边设备也会释放出污染化学物质。由于办公室和家庭经常通风不足，这些化学物质会累积成为健康问题。”由此可知，“人们现在才慢慢认识到它们持久的毒性作用。”所以划线词的意思是“有毒的。”故选B。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段These facts suggest that, at a minimum, proper airing of newly-purchased goods with an obvious chemical smell is a wise precaution. Home and office windows should be opened during good weather to allow a flushing of stale air. Even one’s car needs to be ventilated as well as the garage.“这些事实表明，至少对新买的带有明显化学气味的物品进行适当的通风是明智的预防措施。天气好的时候，应该打开家里和办公室的窗户，让污浊的空气散发出去。即使是一辆车也需要通风，就像车库一样。”由此判断出，作者在第四段中打算就这个问题提出一些建议。故选D。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段Recent research done at the University of Texas has shown that staying indoors may actually be more harmful to one’s health than being outdoors in smoggy ‎ cities. “德克萨斯大学最近的研究表明，呆在室内实际上比在烟雾弥漫的城市里呆在室外对健康的危害更大。”由此可知，封闭的环境可能有潜在的健康风险。故选A。‎ ‎【答案】12. C 13. B 14. C 15. D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。医学不仅仅是人类的发明。许多其他动物，从昆虫到鸟类再到非人类灵长类动物，都已经知道会用植物和矿物质来治疗感染和其他疾病。文章通过orangutans (红毛猩猩)和Dracaena cantleyi (龙血树)的两个例子来支持他的观点。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 词句猜测题。根据第二段中的During more than 20,000 hours of formal observation, Helen and her colleagues watched 10 orangutans occasionally chew a particular plant (which is not part of their normal diet) into a juice and then rub it into their fur.“在超过2万小时的正式观察中，海伦和她的同事们观察了10只红毛猩猩偶尔把一种不属于它们正常饮食的植物嚼成果汁，然后把它擦到它们的皮毛上。”由此可知，下句中的they指的是The ten orangutans。故选C。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段中Local people use the same plant—Dracaena cantleyi (龙血树), an unremarkable-looking bush with stalked leaves—to treat aches and pains.“当地人用同一种植物——龙血树，一种长着茎叶的不起眼的灌木——来治疗疼痛。”由此可知，龙血树是一种有效的止痛药。故选B。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句Such findings could help identify plants and chemicals that might be useful for human medications.“这些发现可能有助于识别植物和化学物质，这些物质可能对人类的药物治疗有用。”由此可知，海伦的发现对人类药物有很大的用处。故选C。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段“During more than 20,000 hours of formal observation, Helen and her colleagues watched 10 orangutans occasionally chew a particular plant (which is not part of their normal diet) into a juice and then rub it into their fur. 第三段“Local people use the same plant—Dracaena cantleyi (龙血树), an unremarkable-looking bush with stalked leaves—to treat aches and pains. ”判断出作者通过orangutans (红毛猩猩)和Dracaena cantleyi (龙血树)‎ 的两个例子来支持他的观点。故选D。‎ ‎【点睛】代词指代题要求同学们根据语境的逻辑关系、判断画线的人称代词或指示代词在文章中指代的对象，包括考查it（指动物，无生命的事物、特定的事件或人），they/them(指代人、物、事件的复数名词)，he/she等人称代词的指代意义，以及指示代词this，that，these，those等在文章中的指代意义，考查同学们对文章中叙述特定的人，物，事件的认知能力。解答这类题时，同学们要认真阅读画线词所在句和前后临近句的内容，分析人称转换和动作变换的详细过程，理清来龙去脉和前后的因果关系，从而准确推断其指代的对象。本题第1小题，根据第二段中的During more than 20,000 hours of formal observation, Helen and her colleagues watched 10 orangutans occasionally chew a particular plant (which is not part of their normal diet) into a juice and then rub it into their fur.“在超过2万小时的正式观察中，海伦和她的同事们观察了10只猩猩偶尔把一种不属于它们正常饮食的植物嚼成果汁，然后把它擦到它们的皮毛上。”由此可知，下句中的they指的是The ten orangutans。故选C。‎ 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）‎ ‎【答案】16. F 17. C 18. A 19. D 20. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。许多毕业生将踏上职业生涯的起跑线。你工作的第一年可能是一个关键时期。文章介绍了一些新手的规则。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 根据上文提示“今年夏天，许多毕业生将踏上职业生涯的起跑线。你工作的第一年可能是一个关键时期。”再根据下文提示“细节决定成败。”承接上下文，F项Forming good habits is as important as developing professional skill（养成良好的习惯和发展专业技能同样重要）切题。故选F。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 根据上文提示“你的穿着创造了人们对你的第一印象。”再根据下文提示“雇主通常为每位雇员提供着装要求。”承接上下文，C项So it’s important to project a neat and professional image（因此，树立整洁、专业的形象很重要）切题。故选C。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 根据下文提示“此外，你的私人环境也会暴露你的个性。”承接下文，A项Staying organized at work saves time and energy（在工作中保持条理性可以节省时间和精力）切题。故选A。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 根据上文提示“试着不要害羞或紧张，做你自己。然后你就可以很快地表达你的想法。”承接上文，与上文为转折关系，D项But do not drone on and waste their time-they’re always busy（但是不要喋喋不休，浪费他们的时间——他们总是很忙）切题。故选D。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 根据上文提示“如果你犯了错误，承认它并改正它。”再根据下文提示“这是你能为自己和你的事业做的最大的贡献之一。”承接上下文，B项 Foster the quality of being honest from the beginning（从一开始就培养诚实的品质）切题。故选B。‎ 第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）‎ 第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题15分，满分30分）‎ ‎【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. A 36. C 37. B 38. A 39. D 40. C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是机灵的羚羊逃过狮子追捕的故事。文章启示我们“如果你感到有压力，事情没有朝着它应该的方向发展，那就改变方向。”‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有一些关于野外的东西是鼓舞人心的。A. confusing令人困惑的；B. interesting有趣的；C. disappointing令人失望的；D. inspiring鼓舞人心的。根据第21空前的There was something about the wild可知，有一些关于野外的东西是“鼓舞人心的”。故选D。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管我热爱狮群，但没有什么比羚羊的速度和敏捷更令我印象深刻的了。A. changed改变；B. impress使印象深刻；C. satisfied使满意；D. reminded提醒。根据第22空后的me more than the speed and agility of an antelope可知，羚羊给作者留下深刻印象。故选B。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一部纪录片中，狮子们挑选了自己喜欢的猎物，制片人用每一个艺术天赋试图表明，这只可怜的羚羊已经完蛋了。A. picked挑选；B. treated对待；‎ C. made制造；D. killed杀死。根据第23空后的their prey (猎物) of choice可知，狮子“挑选”猎物。故选A。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在在一部纪录片中，狮子们挑选了自己喜欢的猎物，制片人用每一个艺术天赋试图表明，这只可怜的羚羊已经完蛋了。A. curious好奇的；B. unique独一无二的；C. cautious谨慎的；D. poor可怜的。羚羊成为了狮子的猎物，当然很“可怜”。故选D。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：狮子们各就各位，第一只雌狮子向羚羊的脖子冲去。A. danger危险；B. surprise惊讶；C. position位置；D. demand要求。根据第25空后的the first female lion made a lunge可知，狮子们找到攻击羚羊的“位置”。故选C。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：狮子们各就各位，第一只雌狮子向羚羊的脖子冲去。A. horn 号角；B. neck脖子；C. foot脚；D. fur皮毛。根据her neck by centimeters，可知狮子咬羚羊的“脖子”。故选B。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：羚羊在她现在的位置一动不动，狮子一定是算错了，因为她差一厘米就没被抓住脖子。A. ran 跑；B. jumped跳跃；C. grew成长；D. froze僵住，冻结。根据下the antelope exploded可知，羚羊“一动不动”。froze和explode形成对比。故选D。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：羚羊在她现在的位置一动不动，狮子一定是算错了，因为她差一厘米就没被抓住脖子。A. caught抓住；B. forgot忘记；C. missed错过；D. ignored忽视。根据the lion must have miscalculated，可知，此处指狮子“失手”，故选C。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那只羚羊毫不迟疑地爆发了，它的力量如此之大,速度如此之快，以至于其他狮子都后退了，最后只好试图追赶。A. hesitation犹豫；B. movement运动；C. attention注意力；D. reply回答。根据第29空前的Without a second of可知，此处指狮子没有“犹豫”。故选A。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那只羚羊毫不迟疑地爆发了，它的力量如此之大,速度如此之快，以至于其他狮子都后退了，最后只好试图追赶。A. excitement兴奋；B. speed 速度；C. distance距离；D. determination决心。根据第30空前的exploded with such force可知，此处指狮子的速度快。故选B。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：那只羚羊毫不迟疑地爆发了，它的力量和速度如此之大，以至于其他狮子都后退了，最后只好试图追赶。A. ended up以…..而结束；B. gave up放弃；C. felt like想要；D. insisted on坚持。根据第31空后的trying to play catch-up.固定词组：end up doing sth.“以做某事而结束”。故选A。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查形容词的比较级。句意：狮子比羚羊跑得快，而且它们很聪明。A. slower更慢的；B. luckier更幸运的；C. safer更安全的；D. faster更快的。根据第32空下文When they got close enough to the antelope可知，狮子比羚羊跑得更快。故选D。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他们离羚羊足够近的时候，他们甩动一只爪子绊倒了奔跑的羚羊。A. gathered聚集；B. swung摇摆；C. covered覆盖；D. protected保护。根据第33空后的one of their paws (爪子) to trip可知，此处指“甩动”一只爪子。故选B。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他们离羚羊足够近的时候，他们甩动一只爪子绊倒了奔跑的羚羊。A. dying死；B. passing 经过；C. running跑；D. promising许诺。根据上文play catch-up可知，此处指羚羊在“奔跑”。故选C。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我不知道这只羚羊是否有后视镜，但每次狮子靠近时，它就会猛烈地改变方向。A. violently激烈地；B. secretly秘密地；C. gently温柔地；D. gradually逐渐地。根据第35空前的every time a lion got close she would change direction可知，羚羊“猛烈改变”了方向。故选A。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当压力从另一个角度出现时，她改变了方向。A. symbol象征，符号；B. team队；C. angle角度；D. style风格。根据第36空后的she changed direction可知，此处指压力来自另一个“角度”，所以改变了方向。故选C。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她能感觉到追逐者,靠近她脖子呼吸时，她改变了方向。A. partners 伙伴；B. pursuers追逐者；C. believers信仰者；D. discoverers发现者。根据第37空后的on her neck she changed direction.可知，狮子快要追上她。故选B。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这只羚羊有目标。她是在逃命。A. purpose 目的；B. value价值；C. pleasure快乐；D. enthusiasm热情。根据下文She was running for her life.可知，羚羊由“目标”。故选A。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你感到有压力，事情没有朝着它应该的方向发展，那就改变方向。A. fun乐趣；B. anger生气；C. courage勇气；D. pressure压力。根据上文羚羊来自于于狮子的压了，所以改变了方向，在本句中，喻指人感到压力时，也要改变方向。故选D。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你感到有压力，事情没有朝着它应该的方向发展，那就改变方向。A. mind理智，精神；B. standard标准；C. direction方向；D. attitude态度。根据上文“change direction”此处指改变“方向”。故选C。‎ ‎【点睛】解完形填空题时，单独看一句话是找不到正确答案的，需要阅读下句或者若干句才能明白。所谓上下对照，即在上文和下文中找到与正确答案相同的关键词。因此，在做题时要边读边在大脑中储存上下文信息的能力，捕捉关键词。本题第6小题，句意：狮子们各就各位，第一只雌狮子向羚羊的脖子冲去。A. horn号角；B. neck脖子；C. foot脚；D. fur皮毛。根据her neck by centimeters，可知狮子咬羚羊的“脖子”。故选B。‎ 第二节（共10小题；每小题15分，满分15分）‎ ‎【答案】41. to make 42. into 43. the 44. developed 45. seventh 46. when 47. mainly 48. have been used 49. weight 50. It ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇新闻报道。中国航天科工集团公司的快舟‎1A固体燃料运载火箭进行了两次发射任务，成为中国首个在一天内进行两次飞行的火箭。文章介绍了“快州‎1A”火箭以及发射情况。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 考查动词不定式作后置定语。句意：周六，中国航天科工集团公司的快舟IA固体燃料运载火箭进行了两次发射任务，成为中国首个在一天内进行两次飞行的火箭。固定搭配：the first to do sth.“第一个做某事的……。”此处是动词不定式作后置定语，故填to make。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 考查固定搭配。句意：上午10时55分，“快舟”号航空母舰在山西省太原市卫星发射中心发射升空，随后将吉林-1高分02B光学遥感卫星送入太空。固定搭配：send…into“把……送进……”。故填into。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 考查定冠词。句意：据中国航天科工集团公司称，大约6个小时后，下午4点52分，另一颗“快州‎1A”在同一中心发射，并发射了6颗由国内三家私营企业研发的小型卫星。此处用定冠词the表示特指，表示“在相同的中心”。故填the。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：据中国航天科工集团公司称，大约6个小时后，下午4点52分，另一颗“快州‎1A”在同一中心发射，并发射了6颗由国内三家私营企业研发的小型卫星。此处satellites和develop之间是被动关系，是过去分词作后置定语。故填developed。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 考查序数词。句意：该公司表示，这两项任务标志着“快州‎1A”火箭自2017年1月首次执行任务以来的第六次和第七次飞行。根据第45空前的sixth可知此处用序数词，故填seventh。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：该公司表示，这两项任务标志着“快州‎1A”火箭自2017年1月首次执行任务以来的第六次和第七次飞行。此处2017是先行词，在后面的定语从句作时间状语，故填when。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 考查副词修饰动词。句意：快舟火箭是中国最大的固体推进剂火箭家族，而长征系列火箭主要依靠液体燃料。此处relies是动词，由副词修饰，所给词main是形容词，其副词是mainly。故填mainly。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 考查现在完成时态的被动语态。句意：自从2013年9月快舟首次 发射以来，已经使用了九枚快舟系列火箭。此处句子主语Nine Kuaizhou-series rockets是复数形式，与谓语动词use之间是被动关系，再根据介词since“自从……以来”，所以句子用现在完成时态的被动语态，故填have been used。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：‎20米长的“快洲”号起吊重量约30吨。分析句子结构，a liftoff ___49____ (weigh) of可知此处用名词形式，所给词weigh是动词，其名词是weight，故填weight。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 考查it的用法。句意：中国航天科工集团公司称，它能够将200公斤的有效载荷送入太阳同步轨道，或将300公斤的有效载荷送入近地轨道。此处用人称代词it指代上文提到的The 20-meter Kuaizhou IA。故填It。‎ 第三部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）‎ 第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ ‎【答案】1. As→With；2. supermarket→supermarkets；3.low→lower；4.have→be；5.doing→done；6.but→and；7.it→them；8.去掉to home前的to；9.that→which；10.In和word之间加a ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍未来的超市,随着科技的发展，未来的超市将与现在的大不相同。‎ ‎【详解】1.考查固定词组。句意：随着科技的发展，未来的超市将与现在的大不相同。固定词组：with the development of“随着……发展”。故把As该成With。‎ ‎2.考查名词复数。句意：随着科技的发展，未来的超市将与现在的大不相同。supermarket是可数名词，此处用用复数形式表示“类指”。故把supermarket改成supermarkets。‎ ‎3.考查形容词比较级。句意：首先，更多种类的商品将以更低的价格提供。根据句意以及much可知，此处用形容词比较级。故把low改成lower。‎ ‎4.考查there be句型。句意：此外，超市里也不会有人工助理。此处是there be句型，故把have改成be。‎ ‎5.考查一般将来时态的被动语态。句意：所有的工作都将由机器人完成。此处句子主语work和do之间是被动关系，是一般将来时态的被动语态。故把doing改成done。‎ ‎6.‎ 考查并列连词。句意：我们只需按一下屏幕上的按钮就能得到我们需要的东西，然后机器人就会把它们送到你面前。此处是并列的关系。故把but改成and。‎ ‎7.考查人称代词宾格。句意：我们只需按一下屏幕上的按钮就能得到我们需要的东西，然后机器人就会把它们送到你面前。此处用them代替名词复数things。故把it改成them。‎ ‎8.考查副词。句意：如果你不想自己把东西带回家，你可以让任何机器人帮你，这是免费的。此处home是副词，意思是“在家，回家”，所以home前不用介词。故去掉to home前的to。‎ ‎9.考查非限制性定语从句。句意：如果你不想自己把东西带回家，你可以让任何机器人帮你，这是免费的。此处前面整个句子是先行词，所以用which引导非限制性定语从句。故把that改成which。‎ ‎10.考查固定词组。句意：总之，未来的超市会更方便。固定词组：in a word“总而言之”。故在In和word之间加a。‎ 第二节 书面表达（满分25分）‎ ‎【答案】Knowing that you’re interested in Chinese history and eager to have access to it, I’m writing to recommend two practical and convenient ways to you.‎ We can have a better understanding of Chinese history in varieties of ways, among which reading history books and watching documentaries are what I strongly recommend. From my perspective, books, as traditional information carriers, are the most convenient way to learn Chinese history. As we read a history book, it seems as if historical pictures are unfolding before our eyes. Watching documentaries is a terrific and vivid way of restoring historical truth. We can have a better visual experience while acquiring historical knowledge.‎ Hopefully, you can know more about Chinese history and have a pleasant learning experience.‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封电子邮件。‎ ‎【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本篇为一封电子邮件：假定你是李华，你校交换生Grace对中国历史很感兴趣，发邮件向你询问能通过什么途径了解中国历史。请你回复邮件，内容包括：1. 推荐的途径（至少两种）；2. 推荐的理由；3. 表达期待。‎ 第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：eager to have access to it（渴望获得它）；have a better understanding of Chinese history（对中国历史有更好的了解）；in varieties of ways（以各种方式）；a terrific and vivid way of restoring historical truth（这是一种还原历史真相的绝妙而生动的方法）等。‎ 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。‎ 第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。‎ ‎【点睛】本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。同时句中使用高级句子。Knowing that you’re interested in Chinese history and eager to have access to it, I’m writing to recommend two practical and convenient ways to you.现在分词作状语；As we read a history book, it seems as if historical pictures are unfolding before our eyes.句中as引导时间状语从句和as if引导表语从句；Watching documentaries is a terrific and vivid way of restoring historical truth.动名词作主语。‎