高考英语考点48 七选五

高考英语考点48 七选五

1 考点 48 阅读理解七选五 高考频度：★★★★★ 阅读理解七选五要求从短文后的七个选项中（均为完整的句子）选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项， 主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。其命题形式深受英语四六级和 考研阅读多项选择题的影响，体现了《新课标》＂用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力；逐步获取用英语 思维的能力。＂的阅读学习和教学理念。该题型命题形式仍然具有客观题的特点，又与完形填空具有异曲 同工之妙，只是选项少，以句子形式出现，考查目的和侧重点不完全相同而已。 从《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述＂主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意 义的理解和掌握。＂可以得出以下判断：该题备选项可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文 章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置，例如 主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文 脱节等。 文章体裁以说明文为主，语篇模式较为固定：提出问题——提供解决方案。文章题材较为固定：与学 生的日常生活学习紧密相关。 【题型分析】 分析篇章结构，把握全篇文脉是阅读填空题解题的关键，英语的语篇（discourse）通常是由句子和语段 （sentence group）构成的，语段是句子和语篇之间的中间层次，句子虽然能够单独地表达相对完整的思想， 但是它不能表达多方面的、比较复杂的思想，只有把几个句子结合为较大的言语片段，才能表达一个相对 独立的层意，所谓的＂积句而成章，积章而成篇。＂就是这个道理。 分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落，另一种是分析每一个段落 内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。 语篇与段落是有区别的，语段是篇章结构的中间层次，是由句子到篇的一种过渡形式，段落 （paragraph）是在某些语体（如记叙文、议论文）中比语段更大的意义单位，较小的段落可以只包括一个 语段或一个句子，一般来说，一个段落通常由几个语段构成。构成语段的方式有两种，一是靠句际间意义 的结合，二是靠句际间的关联词，逻辑性插入语来连接，在分析语段层次时，可以借助句际间的连接词语 作出判断，但最主要的还是要真正体会句际间的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理 清层次，好文章的层次非常清晰，只有层层入手，才能真正理解文章。 【解题步骤】 2 解题步骤 1 在高考的现场如果考生用大量的时间来彻底读懂文章的意思其实是不现实的，也是没有必要的，我们 可以尝试以下四步走。 1. 先读文章的开始部分，明确文章的基本话题，然后仔细阅读五个空各自的前后句寻找并画出关键词。 【巧学妙记】 （一名(名词)袋（代词）鼠（数次）很特殊（特殊疑问词），连（连词）蹦（动词）带跳很彪（标点/标题） 悍。） 2.要对文章中出现的衔接手段保持敏感度。衔接手段分为三种：词汇衔接、逻辑衔接、结构衔接。可按这几 个原则判断原文的空与选项是否匹配。 3.一旦确定一个选项，就要在该选项上做出标记（例如可以删掉），以避免干扰和分散注意力。 4.将选项代入到文章中重读，依据行文逻辑，再次确定选项。 答题技巧 细节类题型解题技巧(词汇的衔接或逻辑的衔接) 1.词汇的衔接包括： （1)词汇复现 复现，是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概 念进行重复描述。 复现关系，主要是指原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。 （2)同范畴词出现 同范畴词是指跟此词汇相关或同一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。你可以在选 项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关 系越紧密。学* (3)代词线索 英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这 样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。例如 it 可指代单数名词或整个句子；they 或 them 指代复数名词；one 指代单数可数名词；that 指代不可数名词或句子；this 指代单数名词或句子;these 或 those 指代前句的复数名词。 2.逻辑关系的衔接 过渡性句子可以从细节逻辑上判断可分为： A, 并列关系：First(ly),Second(ly),...；First, then/next,...；In the first place， in the second place...;for one 3 thing, for another thing ,...；then /next ,finally/last 等。 B, 递进关系：too ,also, besides, further ,furthermore ,moreover ,what’s more , in addition ,as well , to make matters worse ,not ...but... ,not only ...but also 等。 C, 解释例证关系：for example ,for instance ,in fact/as a matter of fact ,actually ,in other words /that is to say 等 D, 因果关系： so /therefore ,thus ,consequently(结果） ,as a result (of), so/ such ...that ..., so that ...等 E, 转折对比关系：but, however , yet ,while /though ,or /otherwise ,on the contrary ,instead, nevertheless（然 而）, still ,yet, on the contrary ,in contrast / comparison 等 F, 概况归纳关系：in short , in brief , in summary ,generally speaking ,in general , to conclude ,in conclusion, in a word ,on the whole , to sum up 等。 3.篇章结构类题解题技巧 根据试题所在位置确定不同的解题策略 {1)如果问题在段首 通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出 主题句。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。 （2)如果问题在段尾 通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如 therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word 等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。 备考策略： • 注重实效。阅读时不仅要注意文章的细节，更应该注意文章的布局。 • 注意命题陷阱。切忌当同样的词，同样的名字或同样的日期都在语文或节选段落中出现，就认为它 们是正确的选项，一定要符合逻辑，确保文章内容严谨。 • 注重速度。进行限时训练，培养实战观念，不可拖沓。 • 将近几年高考题进行分析，重点分析结构清晰分明的说明文和议论文。 【解题步骤 2】 （1）在阅读过程中，重要要关注文章的首段与末段。尤其是文章的这两段的末尾句，因为＂开门见 山＂与＂末尾点题＂的写作方式是最为常见的，首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些 内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式进行呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的 主题具有重要意义，如果它是文章的主题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开，并对文章的写 作主题有了整体的了解。如果末句不是主题句，则需要继续寻找。这时，可以考虑文章的写作方式是否 4 为＂结尾总结＂式，如两者均可排除，则需在文章中其他段落寻找主题句，但要注意首段与末段的提示作 用。 （2）做题的时候边读边做。各个问题附近的句子都需要重点阅读，圈画一些线索粗，再从选项中寻找相关 的特征词用来判断正确答案。带入排除法也是一种很好的方法。另外，如果发现有一题拿不准的，先跳过， 先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。至此，文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系应该基 本就能清楚了。然后再回过去做之前不确定的题目。 （3）做完后，通读全文。将所选项放入空白处，通读一遍，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关 系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。若代入选 项后，发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾，应更换其它选项。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分 析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，仔细甄别， 排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。 （4）切勿随意改答案。要特别注意的是，不要仓促的改自己的之前选定的答案。做这类的题目时，第一印 象的可信度还是很高的，除非你已经常有充分的理由否定向前的选择。 【解题策略】 （1）从意思上判断 在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，正确理解了这些句子后，根据意思的连 贯性、逻辑性或者线索词从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，再利用线索特征词等进一步确认 答案。 （2）从词汇上锁定线索 做保持对一些线索词的敏感是非常重要的，要好好关注空白前后的名词和动词， 然后在选项中查找它们的近义词、反义词、同义词、同类词等。其次是一些专有名词，比如说数词、代词、 时间、年代、地点/名称等。尤其是在读不懂句子的情况下，利用这样的线索词寻找答案是很有效的方法。 （3）从关联词作为切入点 通常，英语的句段之间经常会运用关联词表示过渡和衔接，让文章的思路与更 清楚、逻辑更连贯，因此文章中和选项中表示各种逻辑关系的路标性信号词在选择答案时都是很重要的线 索。在做题时可将这三个层面的线索很好地结合起来。例如，在看到表示并列或递进关系的关联词时，一 般表示前后句子的名词或句意具有同指性;而表示转折让步关系的词则往往表示前后句子的名词同指，但句 意对立，或褒贬对立或肯否对立;而表示例证关系的词则意味着在举例之前或之后有表述概念或某一观点的 句子，往往会有复数名词出现。以下四类为常用的关联词，请大家一定要背熟： 　　（i）并列与递进：and, or, also，neither… nor…, either…or…,likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say ,as well as, the same „as, besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition to ,what is more 　　（ii）因果：because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…that, consequently, accordingly, due to, 5 thanks to, as a result, because of, in that, for this reason, of course 　　（iii）转折让步：but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, rather than, instead of, it is true that, of course, although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of （ii）时间顺序：afterwards, at first, at last, finally, first, firstly, in the first place, to start with，in the meantime, last, later, next, second, secondly, then, third, thirdly, to begin with 以及一些具体的时间。 5. 试题的位置不同，解题策略也不同 （1）若问题在段首 （i）通常是段落主题句。认真阅读该段落，根据段落一致性原则，查找相关词或者同 义词，从而推测出主题句，找到答案。 （ii）与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句， 锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找 相关特征词。一般来说正确答案与它后面的一句话的在意思上是衔接 的，所以通常情况下，这两句话中会 有某种的衔接手段。 （iii）段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找启示， 即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案 是否将两段内容连贯起来。 （2）若问题在段尾 （i）空白前的一句或两句是重点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键词。 （ii）通常是结论、 概括性语句。要注意表示总结的信号词，如 therefore, as a result, hence, thus, to sum up, to conclude, in short, in a word 等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。 （iii）与前文是转折或对比关系。此时要注意在选项中 查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所 讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。 （vi）与前文是并列或排比关系。在这种情况下，通常是该段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节，因此 根据段落一致性原则，在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词，通常在选项中会出现表示并列/递进关系 的关联 词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他信号线索。前面的一句与正确答案的第一 句是紧密相连 的。要特别注意阅读这样相连的两句，通常会找到关键的线索词句。（i）所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如 果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头 是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头 几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。（iv）如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细 节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主 题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来， 正确答案中应有这样的特征词。 （3）若问题是一整个自然段 （i）承上启下是这个段落的主要任务，且自成一体，所以会有一个该段落主 旨。考生可以从选项中较长的选项开始阅读，以此类推直至找到正确答案。 （ii）着重阅读前一段结尾和 后一段开头的一两句查找相关的线索，而且重要线索通常会在后一段开头， 因此后一段开头往往比前一段 结尾更为重要。 （iii）分析段落之间的逻辑关系及内容的连贯性，注意段落间的衔接手段。将选项代入原 文，如果前后内容连贯，符合逻辑，就能得出正确答案。 6 简单来说，最主要的两个步骤就是 1.理清文章的逻辑和结构，2.在所给的原文中找出关键词或者说是 线索词。文章的整体思路能帮助你在答案中筛选出符合逻辑的选项，关键词则能帮助你确定更多的细节， 排除相近的选项。 【总结】 主旨大意把握好，读懂选项更重要 关键信息相匹配，核查排除不可少 经验一：前瞻后顾，寻找＂信号词＂，回到选择项中筛选。复现 经验二：浓缩句意，意义匹配，整体把握。同意 经验三：以段落为单位梳理文章脉络,留意文章的起承转合,逻辑及结构 经验四：＂7 选 5＂句子选择题正确选择项排列有一条不成文规律：选择项呈＂锯齿＂顺序排列，按照人们 习惯，看了 A 就接着看 B，接着看 C，依此到 G，而我们一般做题的正确答案都是＂参差不齐，错落有 致＂的, 看了 D 之后不看 E 却看 A，看 E，看了 E 之后不看 F 而看 C。这可能是出题者为了干扰我们常规思维而设 置的障碍，因此如果考试时间允许，我们可以拿这个来初步检验我们最后的答案是否＂正确＂。 这些技巧多练练就能孰能生巧。同学们学会了吗? 最后祝大家都能在今年的高考中取得好成绩! 题组一（2018 年高考真题） Passage1(2018·新课标全国卷 I) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Color is fundamental in home design – something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? 36 , color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel. Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 37 , they can get a little complex. But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones. 38 . They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable. 7 Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves. 39 . They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space. The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. 40 . A. While all of them are useful B. Whatever you’re looking for C. If you’re experimenting with a color D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways Passage2(2018·新课标全国卷 II ) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. ___36___ Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit. Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.___37___ Your metabolism(新陈代谢) gets a head start. ___38___ If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里)burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep. ___39___ Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited. ___40___ If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices. There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long. A. You will stick to your diet. B. Your quality of sleep improves. 8 C. You prefer healthy food to fast food. D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning. E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise. F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day. G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you’re doing it now, then listen up! Passage3(2018·新课标全国卷 III ) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Before there was the written word, there was the language of dance. Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow ,life and death, and everything else in between. ___36___We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings, birthdays , office parties and just to fill the time. “I adore dancing,” says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa. “I can't imagine doing anything else with my life." Bridges runs dance classes for all ages. "Teaching dance is wonderful. ____37____It's great to watch them. For many of them, it's a way of meeting people and having a social life." ___38___"I can tell you about one young couple," says Bridges. “They're learning to do traditional dances. They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile. _____39_____” So, do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, calmer, healthier? Andrea Hillier says,“Dance, like the pattern of a beating heart, is life. Even after all these years, I want to get better and better.____40____ I find it hard to stop! Dancing reminds me I'm alive." A. So why do we dance? B. Dance in the U.S.is everywhere. C. If you like dancing outdoors, come to America. D. My older students say it makes them feel young. E. I keep practicing even When I'm extremely tired. F. Dancing seems to change their feeling completely. G. They stayed up all night long singing and dancing. Passage4(2018·浙江卷) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of course, you want to make sure that you become an acceptable and valuable part of your neighborhood . the easiest way to accomplish this is to 9 make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. ___31_____ Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property(房产) neat, clean, and in good repair. _____32_ __ By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area. Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously. When going for a walk ， take a small garbage bag. ____33_____ This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area. _____34____ If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to collect mail and newspapers. If a neighbor suffers an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping . Let them know you are there to help in any way that is acceptable, while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor. _____35__ _ By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs to you, and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you will quickly become a good neighbor that everyone appreciate. A. In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone. B.A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways. C. Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior. D. Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping. E. Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up. F. People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting. G. Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly 题组二（2017 年高考真题） Passage1(2017·新课标全国卷 I) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. 36 The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. 37 We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my 10 son’s food poisoning. I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. 38 Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life. 39 We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains. 40 It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style. A. This time there was no tent. B. Things are going to be improved. C. The trip they took me on was a rough one. D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however. E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping. F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping. G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall. Passage2(2017·新课标全国卷 II ) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you’re trying to get work done. 36 ,there are several ways to handle things. Let’s take a look at them now. 37 .Tell the person you’re sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time. When people try to interrupt you, have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that you’ll find them then. 38 .It can help to eliminate(消除) future interruptions. When you need to someone, don’t do it in your own office. 39 , it’s much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are If you have a door to your office, make good use of it. 40 . If someone knocks and it’s not an important matter. Excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the hint(暗示) than when the door is closed, you’re not to be disturbed. A. If you’re busy, don’t feel bad about saying no 11 B. When you want to avoid interruptions at work C. Set boundaries for yourself as your time goes D. If you’re in the other person’s office or in a public area E. It’s important that you let them know when you’ll be available F. It might seem unkind to cut people shirt when they interrupt you G. Leave it open when you’re available to talk and close it when you’re not Passage3(2017·新课标全国卷 III ) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact, the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resting your body clock. 36 Here’s how to make one. ● 37 In order to make a change, you need to decide why it’s important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear about your reasons, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make. ● Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider re-arranging your morning activities. If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out clothes, shoes, and bags. 38 That’s a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer. ● Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends. If you’re tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful. But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week, a recent study found. 39 ● Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After you’ve tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record. 40 If not, take another look at other methods you could try. A. Get a sleep specialist. B. Find the right motivation. C. A better plan for sleep can help. D. And consider setting a second alarm. E. If the steps you take are working, keep it up. F. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day. G. Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee. 12 Passage4(2017·浙江卷) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to Do Man-on-the-Street Interviews The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot. 31 But with these tips, your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy. ●When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story, think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it. For example, if your topic is about environmental problems in America, you might ask, ＂Why do you think environmental protection is important in America?＂ 32 ●Hit the streets with confidence. 33 Say, ＂Excuse me, I work for XYZ News, and I was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic.＂ This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you. ● Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera. Don’t get discouraged. ● 34 Each interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes. As soon as you get the answer you need, move on to the next person. Make sure that as you go from interview to interview, you are getting a variety of answers. If everyone is giving you the same answer, you won’t be able to use it. A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten. 35 ●If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air, don’t leave work without them. A. Limit your time. B. As you approach people, be polite. C. If you don’t own a camera, you can buy one. D. For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task. E. To get good and useful results, ask them the same question. F. That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need. G. With a question like this, you will get more than a ＂Yes＂ or ＂No＂ reply. 题组三（2016 年高考真题） 13 Passage1(2016·新课标全国卷 I) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Secret codes (密码) keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer. People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 　 36 　Code breaking never lags (落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography. There are three main types of cryptography. 　 37 　For example, the first letters of ＂My elephant eats too many eels＂ spell out the hidden message ＂Meet me.＂ 　 38 　You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Let’s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message ＂Meet me＂ would read ＂ 13 5 5 20 13 5.＂ A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 　 39 　For example, ＂bridge＂ might stand for ＂meet＂ and ＂out＂ might stand for ＂me.＂ The message ＂Bridge out＂ would actually mean ＂Meet me.＂ 　 40 　However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently. A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book. B. In any language, some letters are used more than others. C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message. D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them. E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words. G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. Passage2(2016·新课标全国卷 II) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 A garden that’s just right for you Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? 　 36 　. But it doesn’t happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process. 14 ● 　 37 　 Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料). 　 38 　.However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years. ●Recall(回忆)your childhood memories Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that’s not what’s important. 　39　 — how being in those gardens made us feel. If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 　40　. Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun. A. Know why you garden B. Find a good place for your own garden C. It’s our experience of the garden that matters D. It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too G. For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have Passage3(2016·新课标全国卷 III) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Everyone knows that fish is good for health. 　 36 　But it seems that many people don’t cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn’t difficult. 　 37 　This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way. 　 38 　Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you’re standing at the ocean’s edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh. 　 39 　When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you’d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isn’t as tasty as the fresh one. 15 There are many common methods used to cook fish. 　 40 　First, clean it and season it with your choice of spices (调料). Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound. (A larger one will take more time.) Then, it’s ready to serve. A. Do not buy it. B. The easiest is to steam it. C. This is how you can do it. D. It just requires a little knowledge. E. The fish will go bad within hours. F. When buying fish, you should first smell it. G. The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease. Passage4(2016·北京卷) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The Science of Risk-Seeking Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. 　71　 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work. The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 　72　 As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk. So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. 　 73 　 No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 　 74 　 To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well. 　 75 　 For the risk-seekers, a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active. 16 As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool. A. It all depends on your character. B. Those are the risks you should jump to take. C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival. D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest. E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world. F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards. G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation. 题组四（2017 年名校模拟题） Passage 1(甘肃静宁县第一中学 2019 届高三模拟) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 While your teen may get OK by waiting until the last possible second to complete his high school science experiment or his math project, procrastination (拖延症) can be a big problem later in life. Your teen’s future boss or college professors aren’t likely to accept late work-- or the excuses that accompany delayed projects. 1 That means managing his time wisely without requiring constant reminders of assistance from you to get his work done. Here are some steps you can take to teach your teen essential time management skills: 2 If you’re always running late or you miss a lot of deadlines, your teen will follow suit. Practice managing your own time wisely and show your teen that you can accomplish the most important tasks in any given day. Encourage your teen to write down his schedule. Your teen’s time may easily get taken up with video games or social media if he's not careful. Teach him to schedule his day so he can set aside time for chores, homework, and other responsibilities. 3 Then, time doesn’t idly pass without feeling like he hasn’t done anything fun. Help your teen prioritize( 划分优先顺序) activities. 4 A basketball game and birthday party may coincide. Talk to your teen about how to prioritize activities, based on his values and commitments. Avoid nagging (唠叨). It can be annoying to nag your teen or offer repeat reminders, 5 Set rules about your expectations and follow through with consequences when necessary. Then, your teen will learn to manage his time better in the future. A. Model good time management habits. 17 B. Encourage him to schedule free time as well. C. Encourage your teen to establish healthy habit. D. it’s common for teens to have conflicts in their schedules E. It’s important to teach your teen how to behave responsibly. F. As a result, many of them have to learn how to manage their time repeatedly. G. and telling your teen to do his work over and over again reduces his responsibility. Passage 2(河南省中原名校 2019 届高三第一次质量考评) The world itself is becoming much smaller by using modem traffic and modern communication means. Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago, but it has brought new problems. 1 Pollution means making things dirty. It comes in many ways. We see it，smell it, drink it and even hear it Man has been polluting the earth. 2 Many years ago, the problem was not s。serious because there were not so many people. When the land was used up or the river was dirty in one place, Man moved to another place. But this is no longer true. Manis now slowly polluting the whole world. 3 It's bad for all living things in the world, but it is not the only one kind of pollution. Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us angry more easily 4 They stop people from burning coal in houses and factories in the city and from putting dirty smoke into the air. The earth is our home. We must take care of it 5 And we must take care of the rise in population at the same time A. The more people, the more pollution B One of the biggest is pollution C. Air pollution is still the most serious D. Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. E That means keeping the land, water and air clean. F I hope scientists can find ways to solve the serious problem G Strange diseases have appeared jn some places because of pollution Passage 3(2018 年河南省实验中学高考英语模拟) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项.选项中有两项为多余选项. Why you shouldn't punish your kids for lying Getting your children to stop lying is challenging. There are many influences （TV， movies， video games and some great books） in which lies are common. Children see parents lie to others， if only to be polite. Most parents add to that with tales about the lives and activities of Santa Claus or the Tooth Fairy， or to lessen fears. 18 1 The most common reactions to children who lie are explaining why it is wrong and punishment. 2 Here are three better tools supported by research to use instead. PRAISE： You could ask your child to say something that happened at school that is true. When your child obeys， praise him enthusiastically. Be specific： 3 and give your child a hug or a high five. Aim for one or two interactions （互动） like this a day. If you happen to "catch" your child in a lie， say something like， "That is not true and could get you in trouble outside of the home." MODEL： Explicitly tell the truth. This could be about something that happened when you were a child or something that happened during the day. It need not be dramatic. Another option is to play a game at dinner. Each person tells one thing that was true that day. Again， give a little praise to the child who normally lies if she plays along. DECREASE PUNISHMENT AND MORALIZING： They are unlikely to change behavior or develop the conduct you want. 4 Rather， use very mild punishment （light scolding， short loss of privilege， a brief time-out）. More severe punishments （shouting， taking away something for a week， hitting） are not more effective in actually changing the frequency of lying. 5 Usually they can be dropped by then. It is unlikely that lying will be completely removed， but with the right encouragement， k can be dramatically lessened. A. It is not what that is， but about practice. B. As ways of changing behavior， these are ineffective. C. That does not mean ignoring， lying or letting it go. D. "That was great! You told me what happened just like I asked. Wow!" E. Try these procedures for two to three weeks and see where you are. F. "You did a good job， but what you said was not what I'd like to know!" G. Parents do this out of love， but for some children， lying can become a problem. Passage 4(2017 届江西师范大学附属中学高三第三次模拟考试) Four simple ways to stay positive Trying to stay positive, both in good times and bad, is a great way to improve your quality of life. Try these four methods on a daily basis. Don’t think a lot about negativity. Of course, staying positive 24 hours a day, seven days a week is a bit difficult. Letting things get to you is 19 normal, and it’s actually healthy to cry or express frustrations once in a while. It’s when those negative moments control your life that your emotional balance is at risk. 　 1 　 However, don’t give that sadness another second in your day. 　 2 　 What you put into your body directly affects how you feel on the outside. Fill yourself with good, healthy foods like fruits and vegetables and limit snacking. Exercise is equally of great importance. Take a few days out of your week for at least a half an hour of activity, and try to stick to a routine. 　 3 　 Be kind to others. 　 4 　 Making someone’s day a bit brighter not only puts a smile on his or her face, but also yours as well. Remember to smile and treat each person with pity and respect. Good deeds are contagious (传染的), and your positive attitude may spread among others. Take it one day at a time. Being positive isn’t an instant thing. It’s a steady effort that we follow every hour of every day. 　 5 　 Instead, focus on living in the moment and doing what you can to make each moment better. A. Eat healthy and stay fit. B. Take your lunch breaks outside. C. Don’t worry about what the future may bring. D. Gratefulness helps you appreciate life in bad times. E. Good feelings come from acts of kindness and selflessness. F. Take a few minutes to feel sad and accept what happened. G. Even going outside for a walk and enjoying the sunshine improves your mood. 题组一 Passage1 20 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了室内设计中颜色的选择问题。 40. F 【解析】前文 the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant 你所付诸的时间、精力和相 关的费用是巨大的。后文 F 那肯定是值得的，因为你想第一次把它弄好。故选 F。 Passage2 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。列举了早晨锻炼对人体的四条好处，号召人们早点起床，进行身体锻 炼。 36.G 【解析】根据空前的内容“生活忙碌没有时间锻炼”和空后的内容“晨练除了身体健康之外，还能带来 其他好处”，下文接着列举了晨练的其他好处。由此可知，此处缺一个承上启下句。G 项中 then listen up!（那么请仔细听!）很好的起到了承上启下的作用。故选 G。 37.E 【解析】根据上一句 Exercising makes you more awake（锻炼能让你更清醒），E 项（你可以在运动后保 持头脑清醒 4-10 个小时。）是对上一句的进一步解释。故选 E。 38.F 【解析】空前句子是本段的主题句，晨练是新陈代谢的开始，空后句子说如果晨练，则你会得到卡路 里一整天都在燃烧的益处，F 项（锻炼之后，你一整天都在燃烧卡路里。）是空后句子的根据，空后 句子是对 F 项的进一步延伸。故选 F。 39.B 【解析】此处缺一个主题句。空后句子解释了早起锻炼的人比晚上锻炼的人睡得更好。B 项（你的睡 眠质量提高了。）是对后面内容的总述。故选 B。 40.A 【解析】根据空后句子“If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day.（如果你在早晨锻炼身体，你将更有可能坚持健康的食物选 择。）”，A 项(你将坚持你的饮食。)符合本段内容，是主题句，起到统领下文的作用。故选 A。 Passage3 【文章大意】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了跳舞的好处。 36.B 【解析】根据空后的内容 We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at 21 weddings, birthdays , office parties and just to fill the time.可知，这里是说遭美国都有人跳舞 从弗罗里达到阿拉斯加，从北到南等，因此 B 项符合题意。 37.D 【解析】根据前文舞蹈课为各个年龄阶段的人架起了桥梁，教跳舞是非常好的，再根据后句 it’s great to watch them，根据人称可知是在谈论他们，所以 D 和 F 符合，再根据本段最后一句可知，此段主 要介绍了跳舞对他们的好处，故选 D。学* 40.E 【解析】根据文章前后句可知，此处人称为第一人称，所以 E 符合语境，作者结合自己的跳舞经历 介绍了跳舞给自己带来的好处。 Passage 4 【文章大意】怎样成为一个邻居都喜欢的人，作者给了几点建议。 31.G 【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲如果你想成为邻居中一个可以接受和有价值的 部分，最简单的方法就是确保你的行为举止像一个好邻居。下文是具体做法，G 项：这里有一些技 巧，可以帮助你迅速赢得邻居的信赖。承上启下，故选 G。 32.F 【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段介绍和邻居关系融洽最重要的是保持干净整洁的 户内户外环境，F 项中 keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting. 保持街上的一切新鲜和诱人， 与本段意思一致，故选 F。 33.E 【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段主要建议要重视社区的整体面貌，出门拿上一个 垃圾袋，E 项：遇到从路过的汽车里扔出的废纸，把它捡起来。与上句连接，是拿垃圾袋的作用。故 选 E。 34.B 【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段是建议用邻居可以接受的方式帮助他们，同时尊 重邻居的隐私。B 项：好邻居就是喜欢在小的方面帮助别人的人，符合本段内容，故选 B。 35.C 【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。最后一段是总结，只要我们考虑周到，尊重他人，照 顾好属于自己的东西，为周围的人感到自豪，很快就会成为一个大家都喜欢的好邻居。C 项中 considerate behavior 是下文内容的概括，故选 C。 题组二 Passage1 【文章大意】三年前，作者对露营一无所知，也不认为自己会喜欢露营。然而后来有过几次露营的经 历，作者和他的家人开始爱上了露营，甚至为露营购买了设备齐全的房车。作者认为露营是回归大自然的 22 一个方式，也建议读者找到适合自己的回归自然的方式。 36.D 【解析】根据前文可知三年前作者认为露营和自己无关，而后文中表明作者热爱露营，暗示此处作 者对待露营的情感态度应该出现转变。D 选项中的 however 表示转折。且 If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping 暗示作者态度的转变就在三年前，D 选项中的 since then＂自从那时候起＂和前文时间吻合。故选 D。 37.C 【解析】根据后文 We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom 可知作者第一次露营的条件很艰苦，C 选项 The trip they took me on was a rough one.中的 rough 暗示了这一点，符合语境。故选 C。 39.F 【解析】根据后文 we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.可知作者一家为了露营买了房车，里面设备齐全，说明作者一家人是喜欢露营的。F 选项 After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping(那次露营之后，我的家人开始对露营感兴趣) 符合语境，故选 F。 40. E 【解析】根据后文 It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style.可知作者希望每个人能找到适合自己的回归自然的方法， 而根据前文可知作者回归自然的方式就是露营。E 选项 I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.(我必须得承认我真的开始享受露营)既是对文章第一段中作者态度转变的一个总结，也很 好地衔接了后文。故选 E。 Passage2 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。为避免工作被打断是一件令人感觉很糟糕的事，文章提出了几点建 议，防止此类事件的发生。 36.B 【解析】根据 there are several ways to handle things，可知下文是关于几种防止在工作中被别人打断的 方法，此句与前半句构成一个完整的句子，根据语境分析。故选 B。 37.A 【解析】根据后文＂Tell the person you’re sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then 23 ask if the of you can talk at a different time＂可知，学会在自己很忙的时候去拒绝别人。故选 A。 38.E 【解析】根据横线前＂have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that you’ll find them then＂安排好时间，让他们知道你在什么时候回来，或者告诉他们，你会去找他们， 再结合后文＂It can help to eliminate(消除) future interruptions＂可知选 E。 40.G 【解析】根据＂If you have a door to your office, make good use of it.＂可知，此段主要是讲述关于如何 利用自己办公室的门来防止被打扰。故选 G。 Passage3 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何帮助人们制订一个计划去调节生物钟，确保起床不 再是一件令人头疼的事。 36.C 【解析】根据后句中的关键词 one 可以判断出，根据空前及空后的内容可知，空处应为解决方法，再 结合所给选项可知只有 C 选项符合语境。 37.B 【解析】本段内容是建议人们要先确定为什么要早起，弄清早起的目的是什么，也就是早起的动机是 什么。因此 B 项可以概括本段的中心。 38.G 【解析】根据下句内容可知，作者建议人们买一个可以定时的咖啡机，这样可以节约 15 分钟的喝咖 啡时间，能够多睡 15 分钟，文中的 a quarter-hour 和选项中的 15 minutes 相呼应，是信息提示词。故 选 G。 39.F 【解析】根据段落的中心句可知，本段是建议人们在周末也要坚持自己的作息时间，由此推断出 Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day 符合语境。故选 F。 40.E 【解析】后句建议人们如果这样做没作用就尝试新办法，由此推断出该空与 If not 对应，即如果有效 果的话如何去做。故选 E。 Passage4 【文章大意】本文主要讲了进行街道随机采访的若干技巧。 31. D 【解析】根据空格后一句中的＂your first man-on-street interview experience can be easy＂可知这是对于 记者新人所提出的建议，而选项 D 中的＂new reporters＂正好与其相承接，故选 D。 32. G 【解析】空格前一句是个远非 yes 或 no 就可以回答的提问，而选项 G 中＂With a question like this…＂ 正好与其相承接，故选 G。 24 33. B 【解析】根据空格后一句所说的很有礼貌的提问，可知这里的建议应该是提问时要注意礼貌，而选项 B 中的 polite 正好与其相呼应，故选 B。 34. A 【解析】根据空格后一句＂Each interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes.＂ 可知这一段的建议是要限制采访的时间，故选 A。 35. F 【解析】空格前一句是＂A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten＂, 而选项 F 中＂That number of interviews…＂正好与其相呼应，故选 F。 题组三 Passage1 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了密码的设置和破解的方法。比如利用该字母在字母表中 排序的数字来代表该字母，或者利用一些单词的首字母来组成一个密码等。 38.G 【解析】上一段介绍了第一种密码类型，本段介绍的是第二种类型，再根据空后的内容可知，空处选 G(另外一种隐藏信息的方式是用符号来代表字母表中的特定字母)。 39.F 【解析】由前一句的＂a code book＂和空后的＂’bridge’might stand for...’me.’＂可知，此空该选 F(有了 密码书，你就可以写下代表其他单词的单词)。 40.A 【解析】本段介绍的是密码书，根据空后的转折可知，此处该选 A(没有密码书是很难破解密码的)。 【归纳总结】 七选五阅读填空考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。解题技巧如下：1.注 重句式的对接，比如排比句，祈使句等。2. 注重词汇的衔接：也就是利用上下文所重复的关键词，即词的 复现原则进行判断，其中包括同义词，原词和反义词的复现。3.注重举例或解释等。如 37 题和 39 题只需要 利用 for example 来进行解题。 Passage2 【语篇解读】本文属于说明文，美丽的花园能给我们带来美好的视觉享受，文章中给出了两个自己建 设花园的具体建议。 25 36.F 【解析】考查上下文的衔接。根据文章首句及下文的＂But it doesn’t happen by accident＂可知，这里是 在讲＂你是否曾去过一个花园……但是它不是偶然发生的＂。故 F 项＂You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden， too＂符合语境。 37.A 【解析】考查子标题。根据下文中的＂a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden＂可知，本段的主题应与你想要种植花园的原因有关，故选 A 项。 39.C 【解析】考查上下文的衔接。根据上文的＂...but that’s not what’s important＂和下文中的＂how being in those gardens made us feel＂可知此处讲的应是什么是重要的，故 C 项符合语境。 40.G 【解析】考查上下文的衔接。上文的＂the gardens of your youth＂以及下文的＂your childhood memories＂与 G 项中的＂those gardens＂和＂the strongest memory you have＂相呼应，故选 G 项。 【名师点睛】 第小题 37 属于七选五阅读中最常见的设空在段首的方法，通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据 段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。本题我们根据倒数第二句＂However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.＂可知我们首先要知道为什么要搞园艺。 故 A 项为本段的主题句。 当七选五阅读设空在句首时，还可能存在以下两种情况： 1. 属于段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有 机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否能将两段内容连贯起来。 2. 与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关 特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种衔接 手段，尤其当选项是几句话时。比如，如果选项中出现时间年代时，往往要注意与原文中年代的前后对应 关系。 Passage3 【语篇解读】本文向大家介绍了如何用简单的方法购买和烹制鱼。 36.G 【解析】考查与首句语意的一致性。由空后的句意表示转折可知，转折前的句子在语意上应该保持一 致，即说明吃鱼对健康的益处。故选 G。 26 37.D 【解析】考查句子的承上启下作用。空前一句提到对鱼的选购、储存和烹制并不困难，空后一句讲本 文是关于如何以一种简单的方式购买和烹制鱼的，故选 D＂这只需要一点点知识就能做好＂。 40.B 【解析】考查段落中句子间语意的连贯性。本段的主题为如何烹制鱼，下文讲到了烹制鱼的步骤：首 先，洗净鱼；其次，添加调料；最后，将装有鱼的盘子放入蒸锅中，蒸 8 至 10 分钟即可食用(以重约 为一磅的鱼为例)。故选 B 项＂最简单的方法是蒸＂。 【名师点睛】 高考七选五解题方法： 1.通读全文，了解文章大意。这是一个泛读的过程，目的是了解文章大意，为以后的理解做铺垫。 2.分析句型，了解语法构成 3.当我们了解了文章大意后，要明确每一个空是填一个整句子还是半个句子。这一点十分重要，它能够帮助 我们迅速确定某些空的选项范围，比如，有一个空的结尾处没有标点符号，后文紧跟着一个句子的后半部 分，很显然这时我们需要填的是半个句子，这时便可以在七个选项中找到是半个句子的选项，从而缩小选 择范围。 4.明确关联关系。任何句子都是要么和上文有联系，要么和下文有联系，要么和上下文都有联系。例如第 36 空，第 39 空和第 40 空都与它们的前一句有联系。 5.带入通读，复查 做完题目切忌直接离开，这是我们很有必要将自己修正好的文章通读一遍，将其看做一片行文通顺语意 连贯的文章来读，这是如果感到有含义不连贯的地方，很有可能是我们填错了空，就要复查了，注意：七 选五的特点在于，错一道，往往还会错另外的一道或几道，我们叫做＂连错＂，所以当你发现自己有一处 填的有问题时，一定要同时检查其它空。 Passage4 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，作者讲的是有关冒险的科学的探索方面的内容。 71.F 【解析】选项 F 中的＂weigh risks and rewards＂与上文的＂weigh the risk and the reward＂相呼应，故 F 项符合语境。 27 72.C 【解析】选项 C 中的＂Being better at those things ＂与上文的＂were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring＂相呼应，因此选 C。 75.G 【解析】根据空后的＂For the risk-seekers...becomes active＂可知，此处讲的是面对紧张的局面时我们 的大脑会有不同的反应，故 G 项符合语境。学* 题组四 Passage1 【文章大意】本文属于说明文，介绍帮助孩子树立时间管理意识的培养的建议。 1.E 【解析】根据下句 That means managing his time wisely without requiring constant reminders of assistance from you to get his work done 可知，那就意味着不需要父母的经常提醒就能够很好的管理好时间，从而 完成任务，与 E 选项，教会孩子对自己负责很重要，与下句中 that 呼应 ，故切题，选 E。 2.A 【解析】分析本文结构可知，本文属于总分结构，本空为本段的小标题，根据本段中 If you’re always running late or you miss a lot of deadlines, your teen will follow suit.可知，本段主要讲述父母要为孩子树林 榜样，故 A 选项符合。 3.B 【解析】根据本空下一句 Then, time doesn’t idly pass without feeling like he hasn’t done anything fun.可知， 不会让孩子感觉自己没有做一些有意义的事情，故与 B 选项，让孩子自由支配他们的空闲时间，切题， 故选 B。 4.D 【解析】根据本空后一句 A basketball game and birthday party may coincide.可知，举例说明时间冲突很常 见，故与 D 选项符合，故选 D。 5.G 【解析】根据本段小标题 Avoid nagging (唠叨).可知，本段主要阐述唠叨对孩子的弊端，故 G 选项符合。 Passage2 【文章大意】本文介绍了世界上各种污染情况，从空气污染到噪音污染都做了详细地说明。 1.B 【解析】上文提示“今天的生活比几百年前要容易得多，但它带来了新的问题。”再根据下文提示“污染 意味着脏。”承接上下文，B. One of the biggest is pollution（最大的问题之一是污染。）切题。故选 B。 2.A 【解析】下文提示“许多年前，这个问题并不是很严重，因为没有那么多人。”由此可知，A.项 The more people, the more pollution（人越多，污染越多。）切题。故选 A。 28 3.C 【解析】下文提示“这对世界上所有的生物都是有害的，但它并不是唯一的一种污染。”承接下文，C 项 Air pollution is still the most serious（空气污染仍然是最严重的。）从下文的 water/noise 可知此处 it 指 的是 Air pollution，故选 C。 4.D 【解析】下文提示“他们阻止人们在城市里的房子和工厂里烧煤，并禁止把肮脏的烟雾排放到空气中。” 承接下文，D 项 Many countries are making rules to fight pollution.（许多国家正在制定治理污染的规则。） 下文中的 they 指代的就是该项中的 Many countries。故选 D。 5.E 【解析】上文提示“地球是我们的家园。我们必须照顾好它。”承接上文，E 项 That means keeping the land, water and air clean.（这意味着要保持土地、水和空气的清洁。）该项中的 that 指的就是上文内容。 故选 E。 Passage3 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。为什么你不应该惩罚你的孩子撒谎？文章为你提供了三个更好的方 法。 2.B 【解析】上文提示“对说谎的孩子最常见的反应是解释为什么它是错误的和惩罚的。”再根据下文提示“下 面是由研究所支持的三个更好的方法。”承接上下文，项 As ways of changing behavior， these are ineffective.（作为改变行为的方式，这些都是无效的。）切题。故选 B。 3.D 【解析】根据后半句提示“给你的孩子一个拥抱或者一个击掌。”承接后半句，项"That was great! You told me what happened just like I asked. Wow!"（“这是太棒了!你告诉我发生了什么，就像我问的那样。 哇!”）切题。故选 D。 4.C 【解析】上文提示“他们不太可能改变你的行为或发展你想要的行为。”再根据下文提示“相反，使用非 常温和的惩罚（轻斥责，短暂的特权损失，短暂的休息）。”承接上下文，C 项 That does not mean ignoring， lying or letting it go.（这并不意味着忽视、说谎或放弃。）切题。故选 C。 5.E 【解析】下文提示“通常他们可以在那时候被抛弃。”承接下文，E 项 Try these procedures for two to three weeks and see where you are.（试试这些程序两到三周，看看你在哪里。）切题。故选 E。 Passage4 【文章大意】本文为说明文。讲述的是每天保持积极乐观的四种方法。 1.F 【解析】根据下文 However, don’t give that sadness another second in your day.可知此处表示你可以花几 29 分钟感觉难过，然后接受发生的事情，但是在你的一天里不能再难过了，故选 F。 4.E 【解析】本段讲述的是要对别人和善，要尊重和同情每一个人，你做的好事也会影响别人效仿你，由 此可知此处表示＂好的感觉来自于善意和无私的行为＂，故选 E。 5.C 【解析】根据下文 Instead, focus on living in the moment and doing what you can to make each moment better.（集中注意力活在当下，尽你所能地使每一个都变得更好）可知此处表示＂不要担心未来可能 会带来什么＂，故选 C。