专题08+健康饮食类（模拟训练）-备战2018年高考英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练

专题08+健康饮食类（模拟训练）-备战2018年高考英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练

专题08 健康饮食类 模拟训练 Passage 1（2018届江西省红色七校高三联考）‎ Crossing your legs is an extremely common habit; most people don't even notice that they're doing it when they sit down. While you may find it comfortable to sit with one knee crossed over the other, it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of.‎ A study published in Blood Pressure Monitoring stated that sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure. The reason for this is that the blood in your legs has to work against gravity to be pumped back to your heart and that crossing one leg over the other increases resistance, making it even harder for the blood to circulate. This causes your body to increase your blood pressure to push the blood back to the heart. You won't feel any immediate effects, but repeated, drawn-out increases in blood pressure can cause long-term health issues. So, planning to sit for a long period of time? Don't keep your legs crossed.‎ Crossing your legs at the knee can also cause pressure on the major nerve in your leg that passes just below your knee and along the outside of your leg, explains Richard Graves, a medical expert. This pressure can cause numbness and temporary paralysis (麻痹) of some of the muscles in your foot and leg, preventing you from being able to raise your ankle—what we know as that “pins and needles” sensation. While the feeling of discomfort may only last a minute or two, repeatedly crossing your legs until they feel numb can cause permanent nerve damage.‎ So next time you sit down, try to get yourself in the habit of sitting with both of your feet on the floor. Not only will it help your posture and stability, but it will also save your health in the long run.‎ ‎1.What can we learn about crossing one's legs?‎ A. It is a very bad social habit.‎ B. It is usually practiced deliberately.‎ C. It can make others feel uncomfortable.‎ D. It can do harm to people's health.‎ ‎2.According to the study, sitting with your legs crossed can______.‎ A. resist gravity effectively B. affect your blood pressure C. lead to heart attacks easily D. improve the function of legs ‎3.In the third paragraph "pins and needles" probably means______.‎ A. serious muscle injuries B. being a little nervous C. slight sharp pains D. being highly flexible ‎4.What is the main purpose of the text?‎ A. To give readers some advice.‎ B. To compare common habits.‎ C. To evaluate effects of an experiment.‎ D. To introduce research methods.‎ ‎【话题解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了研究发现跷二郎腿对身体有害，大家要改掉跷二郎腿的坏习惯。‎ ‎1.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“ it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of.”可知，跷二郎腿对健康有害。‎ ‎2.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“ sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure.”可知，跷二郎腿会使血压升高。‎ ‎4.A 【解析】文章意图题。根据文章内容，特别是第一段中的“it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of.”及最后一段中的“So next time you sit down, try to get yourself in the habit of sitting with both of your feet on the floor.”可知，研究发现跷二郎腿对健康有害，因此这篇文章的目的是建议大家改掉跷二郎腿的坏习惯。‎ Passage2（2018届江西省新余市第一中学高三毕业班第四次模拟考试 ）‎ Nowadays more and more people are talking about genetically modified foods ( GM foods). GM foods develop from genetically modified organisms (有机体), which have had specific changes introduced into their DNA by genetic engineering techniques. These techniques are much more precise where an organism is exposed to chemicals to create a nonspecific but stable change. For many people, the hightech production raises all kinds of environmental, ethical, health and safety problems. Particularly in countries with long farming traditions, the idea seems against nature.‎ In fact, GM foods are already very much a part of our lives. They were first put on the market in 1996. A third of the corn and more than half the cotton grown in the U. S. last year was the product of biotechnology, according to the Department of Agriculture. More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the US this year. The genetic genie is out of the bottle.‎ However, like any new product entering the food chain, GM foods must be subjected to careful testing. In wealthy countries, the debate about biotech is not so fierce by the fact that they have a large number of foods to choose from, and a supply that goes beyond the needs. In developing countries desperate to feed fast-growing and underfed populations, the matter is simpler and much more urgent: do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks?‎ The statistics on population growth and hunger are disturbing. Last year the world's population reached 6 billion. The UN states that nearly 800 million people around the world are unhealthy. About 400 million women of childbearing age don' t have enough iron, which means their babies are exposed to various birth defeats. As many as 100 million children suffer from vitamin A deficiency, a leading cause of blindness.‎ How can biotech help? Genetic engineering is widely used to produce plants and animals with better nutritional values. Biotechnologists have developed genetically modified rice and they are working on other kinds of nutritionally improved crops. Biotech can also improve farming productivity in places where food shortages are caused by crop damage attributable to drought, poor soil and crop viruses.‎ ‎1.The passage mainly talks about________.‎ A. the world's food problem B. the development in biotech C. the genetically modified foods D. the way to solve food shortages ‎2.According to the passage, GM foods________.‎ A. will replace naturally grown foods B. are far better than naturally grown foods C. may help to solve the problem of poor nutrition D. can cause serious trouble in developing countries ‎3.The underlined sentence “The genetic genie is out of the bottle.” in Paragraph 2 probably means that________.‎ A.GM foods are available everywhere B. the technology in producing GM foods is advanced C. genetic technology may have uncontrollable powers D. genetic technology has come out of laboratories into markets ‎4.What's the writer's attitude towards GM foods?‎ A. Enthusiastic. B. Cautious. ‎ C. Disapproving. D. Unbelievable.‎ ‎【话题解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了转基因食品及其对人类生活的影响。‎ ‎1.C 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章内容，特别是第一段中的“Nowadays more and more people are talking about genetically modified foods ( GM foods).”可知，本文主要介绍的是转基因食品。‎ ‎2.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Genetic engineering is widely used to produce plants and animals with better nutritional values.”可知，转基因食品有助于解决营养不良问题。‎ ‎4.B 【解析】观点态度题。根据第三段中的“However, like any new product entering the food chain, GM foods must be subjected to careful testing.”可知，作者认为转基因食品进入市场前需要严格的检测，由此可见作者对转基因食品的态度是谨慎的。‎ Passage3（2018届安徽省皖南八校高三联考）‎ ‎ If you want to slow aging, you might want to eat less. This finding is good news---if you were a mouse. The researchers studied mice, not people.‎ John Price and other researchers studied two groups of mice. One group was able to eat as much as it wanted. The researchers limited what the mice in the other group ate. Their diet had 35 percent fewer calories than the first group of mice.‎ Price says the mice with the diet restrictions were “more energetic and suffered fewer disease.” They were not just living longer but seemed to stay younger for a longer period of time.‎ The researchers found that fewer calories slow down a natural mechanism in cells called ribosomes. Price explains that ribosomes are responsible for making important proteins in the cells. But with fewer calories, they slow down. This gives the cells more time to repair themselves.‎ The researchers say ribosomes use from 10 to 20 percent of the cell’s energy to make those ‎ proteins. Price wrote that “because of this, it is impractical to destroy an entire ribosome” when it starts to break down. However, “repairing individual parts of the ribosome on a regular basis enables ribosomes to continue producing high quality proteins for longer than they would otherwise. This top quality production, in turn, keeps cells and the entire body functioning well.”‎ Price said, “ribosome is a very complex machine, like a car.” They need “maintenance to replace the parts that wear out the fastest. When tires wear out,” he explained, “you don’t throw the whole car away and buy a new one. It costs less to replace the old tires.”‎ ‎“Food,” he said, “isn’t just material to be burned---it’s a signal that tells our body and cells how to respond.” Price said the findings help to explain how exactly our bodies age. And this may “help us make more educated decisions about what we eat.”‎ ‎1.What can we know about the mice with limited calories from the study?‎ A. They can keep healthy easily B. They need more energy to be active C. They can look younger than they are D. They will live a longer life like humans ‎2.What will happen to ribosomes if there are fewer calories?‎ A. They will completely break down B. They make proteins in the cells slowly C. They will produce high quality proteins more D. They may need more time to repair themselves ‎3.Price explained the ribosomes’ role of repairing themselves by _________.‎ A. telling a story B. listing basic data C. making comparisons D. experimenting on mice ‎4.What does the text mainly deal with?‎ A. Food decides how long you live B. Can you slow down your aging process?‎ C. Eating less may help you live longer D. Should your diet be reduced for your health?‎ ‎【话题解读】本文是一篇说明文。通过研究实验发现：吃的少会使你长寿。‎ ‎1.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据文中The researchers limited what the mice in the other group ate. Their diet had 35 percent fewer calories than the first group of mice.的提示可知他们能够很容易保持健康，故选A。‎ ‎2.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文中The researchers found that fewer calories slow down a natural mechanism in cells called ribosomes.的提示可知它们会在细胞中缓慢地产生蛋白质，故选B。‎ ‎4.C 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文中If you want to slow aging, you might want to eat less. This finding is good news的提示可知这片名文章的主旨是吃的少会使你长寿，故选C。‎ Passage4（2017届黑龙江省大庆实验中学高三仿真模拟）‎ Are you sometimes too tired to go out to eat? Do you like to eat inside the dormitory in bad weather? But are you still thinking about getting a takeaway delivered to your dormitory by calling the restaurant? If so, you’re out!‎ Weibo orders Wang Ying, 19, launched the micro blog “Help You Buy” with another two female students of ‎ Grade 2 from the Wuhan College of Media and Communication. She guarantees delivery within 30 minutes of placing an order via the micro blog.‎ ‎“Once, we wanted to eat McDonald’s in our dormitory, but the campus is located too far away from the city center. I thought other students might have the same problem, so we decided to help others buy the food they like,” says Wang.‎ The service charges 10 yuan for 25 to 60 yuan worth of food, and 15 yuan for 60 to 110 yuan worth of food. They only deliver dinner, because they all have classes to attend during the day. “We take a bus downtown after we finish class at 5:20 pm and come back before 7 pm,” says Wang.‎ They’ve encountered a few problems on the way. One day it was raining heavily and the bus didn’t come for a long time. “To get the orders to our clients before 7 pm, I had to take a taxi. We made a loss that day, but it was necessary in order to save our reputation,” says Liu Ping, 19, Wang’s partner.‎ ‎“When we have made enough money, we plan to buy an electric bike,” says Liu.‎ WeChat business Three students at Guilin University of Electronic Technology launched an account on WeChat.‎ ‎“We collected all the information of restaurants located around the campus and released it on the account. Users can order a meal simply by following a few steps according to the system instructions,” says Qiu Lichao, 19, a sophomore majoring in electronic engineering. After a user chooses a meal and submits the order, the restaurant prepares it. With more than 2,000 orders coming in every day, Qiu set up a distribution team with about 30 students to help the restaurants deliver food, and of course to earn some money.‎ ‎“We plan to provide more services, including buying groceries and booking hotels. It will make life much more convenient for students,” says Qiu.‎ ‎1.What do we know from the text?‎ A. Qiu Lichao and the partners got the business idea from their life experience.‎ B. Qiu Lichao and the partners provided convenience and job opportunities for students.‎ C. Wang Ying and the partners did a lot of preparation work for the business.‎ D. Wang Ying and the partners earned money from each order and delivery.‎ ‎2.How are you served by the Weibo orders?‎ A. You need to pay 40 yuan to enjoy a lunch worth 30 yuan.‎ B. You must pay 15 yuan for the service to enjoy your delivered dinner.‎ C. You may get your takeaway delivered at 6:30 pm sometimes.‎ D. You choose a meal and submit the order and the restaurant prepares it.‎ ‎3.Both Wang Ying and Qiu Lichao have a(n) ________ attitude towards their future business.‎ A. positive B .negative ‎ C. uncertain D. indifferent ‎【话题解读】本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了两名大学生和他们的搭档们利用课余时间给人们提供送餐服务。‎ ‎2.C 【解析】细节理解题。由文章第四段首句“The service charges 10 yuan for 25 to 60 yuan worth of food, and 15 yuan for 60 to 110 yuan worth of food”可知，A、B项叙述有误；由文章第四段内容“ ‘We take a bus downtown after we finish class at 5:20 pm and come back before 7 pm,’ says Wang.”可知C项叙述正确；由文章倒数第二段内容“After a user chooses a meal and ‎ submits the order, the restaurant prepares it.”可知D项叙述的是WeChat提供的服务，D项错误。‎ ‎3.A 【解析】观点态度题。由文章第六段内容“ ‘When we have made enough money, we plan to buy an electric bike, ’says Liu.”和文章最后一句“‘We plan to provide more services, including buying groceries and booking hotels. It will make life much more convenient for students, ’says Qiu.”可知，这两个学生都持有一种积极的态度，故选A项。‎ Passage5（2017届安徽六校联考）‎ Teenagers are damaging their health by not getting enough sleep because they are distracted(分散) by electronic products in their bedrooms, according to a survey.‎ UK advice body The Sleep Council said "junk sleep" could rival(比得上) the consumption of unhealthy junk food as a major lifestyle issue for parents of teenage children. It brings no less harm than junk food to one’s health. Its survey of 1,000 teenagers aged 12 to 16 found that 30 percent managed just 4 to 7 hours sleep as opposed to(形成对照)the recommended 8 or 9 hours by the experts. Almost a quarter said they fell asleep more than once a week while watching TV, listening to music or using other electronic products.‎ ‎“This is an extremely worrying situation,” said Dr Chris Idzikowski of the Edinburgh Sleep Centre. “What we are seeing is the appearance of Junk Sleep — that is sleep which is of neither the length nor quality that it should be in order to feed the brain with the rest it needs to perform properly at school.”‎ Nearly all the teenagers had a phone, music system or TV in their bedroom, with around two-thirds possessing all three. Almost one in five of the teenage boys said the quality of their sleep had been impacted by leaving their TV or computer on. The survey also found that 40 percent of teenagers felt tired each day, with girls aged 15 to 16 doing the worst. However just 11 percent said they were bothered by the lack or quality of sleep.‎ ‎“I'm surprised that so few teenagers make the link between getting enough good quality sleep and how they feel during the day,” Idzikowski said. “Teenagers need to wake up to the fact to feel well, perform well and look well; they need to do something about their sleep.”‎ ‎1.According to the experts, how many hours should teenagers sleep every night?‎ A.4 to 7 hours B.8 or 9 hours ‎ C.6 or 7 hours D.7 or 8 hours ‎2.Which of the following is NOT true about “junk sleep”?‎ A. It’s a kind of sleep with poor quality.‎ B. It’s kind of sleep with shorter hours.‎ C. It’s not as harmful as junk food to one’s health.‎ D. It’s mainly caused by the electronic products in the bedroom.‎ ‎3.The underlined word “impacted” Paragraph 4 can probably be replaced by “     ______  .”‎ A. improved B. destroyed ‎ C. affected D. inspired ‎4.It can be inferred from the passage that Dr. Chris Idzikowski is very _____________about present situation.‎ A. worried B. satisfied ‎ C. angry D. disappointed ‎ 【话题解读】本文为说明文。讲述的是一项研究卧室中的电子产品影响了青少年的睡眠质量，这对他们的健康造成损害。‎ ‎1.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第三句话中的“…the recommended 8 or 9 hours by the experts”可知青少年每晚应该睡8到9个小时，故选B。‎ ‎3.C 【解析】词义猜测题。根据上下文可知此处表示几乎五分之一的男孩说开着电视或电脑影响他们的睡眠质量，因此该词表示“影响”，与affect一致，故选C。‎ ‎4.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段可知Dr. Chris Idzikowski对目前青少年的情况感到担忧，故选A。‎