【英语】2018届二轮复习如何扫除完形填空中的混淆选项学案（6页）(1)

【英语】2018届二轮复习如何扫除完形填空中的混淆选项学案（6页）(1)

‎2018届二轮复习 如何扫除完形填空中的混淆选项 ‎ ‎ 一、如何排除干扰项 ‎1. 利用上下文线索排除干扰项 ‎【例】The professor 37(marched into) the lecture hall, placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans, and invited the students to 38 how many beans the jar contained. After 39(listening to) shouts of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin, dry smile, announced the 40(correct) answer, and went on saying, “You have just 41(learned) an important lesson about science. That is: Never 42(trust) your own senses.”...‎ ‎38. A. count B. guess C. report D. watch 解析：解此题要结合下文中的“shouts of wildly wrong guesses”。此处指“教授让学生猜罐子里有多少颗豆子”，故选B。‎ ‎2. 利用语篇标志排除干扰项 ‎【例】I 34（stopped） and dropped all the coins into his 35(hat), and he smiled at me, I watched for a while. As 36(selfish) as it sounds, I expected something more to come from that moment——a feeling of 37(happiness) or satisfaction, for example. But nothing happened 38 , I walked off. “It proved to be a waste of 39(money),”I thought.‎ 38. A. disappointedly B. Unfortunately ‎ C. Coincidentally D. Comfortably 解析：上文的关键词expected表明作者期待着什么，这里的语篇标志词But说明作者期待的事情没有发生，因此作者是感到失望，故选A。‎ ‎3. 利用首句信息排除干扰 ‎【例】Around the world young people are spending unbelievable sums of money to listen to rock music. Forbes Magazine reports that at least fifty stars have incomes between two million and six million dollars per year.‎ A. film B. rock C. jazz D. movie 解析：由首句可知A、C、D为干扰项，故选B。‎ ‎4. 同比排除法(即排除意义相同或类别相同的选项)‎ ‎【例】“And of course, you’re Mr. Faber.” She said, .‎ A. questioning B. wondering C. smiling D. guessing 解析：由于A、B、D在干扰角度上相近，故都排除，选C。‎ ‎5. 摆脱思维定势，逆向思维排除干扰项 ‎【例】It isn’t really true that he was too 31(lazy) to work——in fact he had tried a few 32 (jobs). First of all he was a window-cleaner and in his first week he managed to 33 at least 6 windows.‎ ‎33. A. rub B. drop C. break D. clean 解析：John干窗户清洁工和干其他工作一样，总是出差错，应该选择C才符合语境。可是有些考生受思维定势的影响，不敢选。他们认为manage to do sth.是“成功设法做某事”，因而误选答案D。可是 John一周下来怎么只擦了六扇窗户呢？其实这儿的 managed to do是说John的无能，多少有点调侃的意味,意思是“竟然做了某事”。另外从下文他的遭遇和工作失误，以及 It seemed that there was no suitable work for him.这一句所提供的信息也可以说明答案C是正确的。‎ ‎6. 用语法分析排除干扰项 ‎【例】When Ed first phoned and 37 we play, I laughed quietly...‎ ‎37. A. declared B. mentioned C. persuaded D. suggested 解析：后面的句子是虚拟语气，因此用suggested，故选D。‎ ‎7. 利用习惯用法和词语辨析知识排除干扰项 ‎【例】The lecture on smoking was over at last. As we were rushing towards the playground, Jim slipped by the table. The watch, which Mrs.Smith had 1(laid) on the table as she started her lecture, disappeared.‎ We were 2 to go back for class again when the headmaster called us 3(together) and said, “I’ve got a little 4(job) for you boys...”‎ ‎2. A. about B. able C. sorry D. sure 解析：这里有一个特殊的句型：be about to do... when...,表示“正要干什么，就在这时(突然间)发生了什么事情”。如果考生对这个句型熟悉，就会毫不犹豫地选A项。其他三个形容词虽然都可以和不定式连用，但放在语境中都不合适。‎ ‎8. 利用文化背景和生活常识排除干扰项 ‎【例】When the papers were 27, she discovered that twelve boys had made exactly the same mistakes throughout the test.‎ ‎27. A. examined B. completed C. marked D. answered 解析：根据常识，学生刚刚答完交卷时，老师是无法“发现同学们犯了相同的错误”的，只有在“给(试卷等)打分”时才有可能，故选C。‎ 二、如何克服定式思维 要克服定式思维对做完形填空题的负面影响，考生应注意下面两点：‎ ‎1. 做题时一定要仔细审题，分析语境和整个句子结构，既要利用固定搭配做题，也要结合句子的实际含义来考虑。‎ ‎2. 进行大量的英语阅读训练，通过阅读来积累词汇和表达方式，熟练掌握英语中常见的固定搭配和句式结构。‎ ‎【例】I will never forget the year I was about twelve years old. My mother told us that we would not be 21（receiving） Christmas gifts because there was not enough money. I felt sad and thought,“What would I say when the other kids asked what I’d 22(got)?” Just when I started to 23(accept) that there would not be a Christmas that year, three women 24(turned up) at our house with gifts for all of us. For me they brought a doll. I felt such a sense of 25(relief) that I would no longer have to be embarrassed when I returned to school. I wasn’t 26(forgotten). Somebody had thought 27 of me to bring me a gift.‎ ‎27. A. highly B. little C. poorly D. enough 解析：结合语境B、C两项比较容易被排除，本题的干扰项是A项。考生对think highly of这个短语非常熟悉，很自然地就会想到highly。可是这个短语不符合上下文语境：当“我”开始接受没有圣诞礼物的事实时，突然有人给“我”送来礼物。由此可以推断出有人还记着我（“我”没有被遗忘）。故答案为D。此处不是讲别人对我的评价，因此think highly of不符合语境。‎ 三、如何处理一句两空甚至一句三空题 做完形填空时，遇到一句话中有两个或三个空，首先要把这句话看完，在这几处同时试填，根据上下文的关系，找到一个你认为比较确定的选项，先把一个空填上，然后再把剩下的空补全。如果无法把剩下的空马上补上，也不要急于选择，要接着往下读，然后再回过头来看是否可以确定答案。奇速英语快速涨分方案提示你因为这时你已经掌握了较全面的信息，这有助于确定前面的空格处的答案。最后，根据上下文的逻辑关系、习语搭配、语法知识等方面的要求，把所缺的空补全。‎ ‎【例】Another person’s enthusiasm was what set me moving toward the success I have achieved. That person was my stepmother.‎ I was nine years old when she entered our home in rural Virginia. My father 36 me to her with these words:“I would like you to meet the fellow who is 37 for being the worst boy in this county and will probably start throwing rocks at you no 38 than tomorrow morning.”‎ My stepmother walked over to me, 39（raised）my head slightly upward, and looked me right in the eye. Then she looked at my father and replied, “You are 40(wrong). This is not the worst boy at all, 41(but) the smartest one who hasn’t yet found an outlet(释放的途径) for his enthusiasm.”‎ ‎36. A. rushed B. sent C. carried D. introduced ‎37. A. distinguished B. favored C. mistaken D. rewarded ‎38. A. sooner B. later C. longer D. earlier 解析：DAB。这个句子中设有三个空，相对来说，第36空比较容易，根据上下文可以判断出：“我” 父亲在把“我”介绍给“我”继母，故第36空用introduced。第37题须抓住关键词worst。第一步，根据下一段继母所说的“This is not the worst boy at all”(不同意父亲的看法)可以判断出：“我”的父亲认定（而不是“被误认为”，因此不能用mistaken）“我”是the worst boy；第二步，回到本空后面的信息“the worst boy in this county”,此处表示“我”以本地最坏的孩子“著称”，故第37空选distinguished“著名的”，第三步，利用以上已知信息可以推断出，“我”既然是个坏孩子，那么“我”很快就会向继母扔石头，强调“快”，故第38空填later。no later than不迟于，最晚在…… ,符合语境。‎ 四、如何应对夹叙夹议类完形填空 夹叙夹议的完形填空文章常有以下三种结构：先叙后议、先议后叙以及先议后叙再议。考生做夹叙夹议类完形填空时，应着重注意以下几点：‎ ‎1. 跳读首尾句，把握文章组织结构 首句一般不设空，通过看文章首句和尾句，就可把握作者是先提出观点后叙述，还是先叙述，然后揭示故事所蕴含的哲理；还是先提出观点，后叙述事例，最后再对观点加以总结升华。‎ ‎2. 有角色意识，融入情境，体会叙述与议论的联系 夹叙夹议类的完形填空是记叙文与议论文的统一。考生在读这类题材的文章时，既要融入作者所叙述的故事情境，切身体会当事人的所感所想，也要抓住作者的观点或作者要表达的对生活或对人生的认知。要把故事与哲理联系起来，因为作者叙述所发生的事情是为阐述自己的观点服务的。‎ ‎3. 重视文章语境的作用 叙述与议论的结合，使得文章常会出现叙述事件与阐述观点的切换，这就突出了考生对于语境的依赖。一定要在理解上下文的基础上，仔细区分辨别选项，作出最佳选择。‎ ‎【例】I often read of incidents of misunderstanding or conflict. I’m left 36. Why do these people create mistrust and problems, especially with those from other 37？‎ I was growing up in Kuala Lumpur in the early 1960s, 38(when) children from different races and religions played and studied 39(together) in harmony. At that time my family lived a stone’s 40(throw) from Ismail’s. And no one was bothered that Ismail was a Malay Muslim and I was an Indian Hindu—we just 41 our differences. Perhaps, our elders had not filled our heads with unnecessary advice，well 42（meant） or otherwise.‎ ‎36. A. interested B. pleased C. puzzled D. excited ‎37. A. parties B. cities C. villages D. races ‎41. A. refused B. made C. sought D. accepted 解析：36题根据下一句中的“Why do these people create mistrust and problems”可知，“我”感到困惑，故选C；37题根据第二段第一句中的“from different races and religions”和最后一段中的“regardless of race or religion”可知，此处谈论的是不同种族的人之间产生的不信任或冲突，故选D；41题根据上文可知，两个不同种族和宗教信仰的孩子能和谐相处，他们都能接受对方的差异，故选accepted.‎ 五、在看似熟悉的选项中如何确定答案 要从上下文语境、句子意思、词语搭配、语法结构、习惯用法、词义辨析等方面综合考虑后作出选择。‎ ‎【例】Oscar talked his grandparents into going by Mrs.O’Brien’s 30（house） on their way home. He rang the bell , the door opened, and an elderly woman appeared. “May I 31 you?” she asked.‎ ‎“I’d like to return it if it’s yours,” Oscar said, 32(holding out) the umbrella as if presenting a 33(gift) that had long been wished for.‎ ‎31. A. invite B. help C. bother D. know 解析：这四个选项都是大家很熟悉的词汇。由下文可知，Katie女士没有想到会有人来还伞，所以开门看到一个陌生人的第一反应是“我可以帮你什么忙吗？”，所以用“May I help you?”。综合考虑各方面后，选B最合适，其他选项都不符合语境。‎