2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit3Inventorsandinventions单元学案（7页word版）

2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit3Inventorsandinventions单元学案（7页word版）

‎2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit3Inventors and inventions单元学案 Ⅰ.高考单词→识记·思考·运用 ‎1．核心词汇 ‎①abrupt adj.突然的；意外的________ adv.突然地；唐突地 ‎②________ vt.抓住；捉住；夺 ‎③bear vt.忍受 ________(过去式) ________(过去分词)‎ ‎④________ n．文件；档案 vt.提交；将……归档 ‎⑤product n．产品________vt.生产 ________n．产量________ adj.多产的；有创造性的 ‎⑥practical adj.实际的；实用的 ________vt.练习 ________n．练习，实践 ‎⑦convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的 ________n．方便，便利 ‎⑧caution n．小心，谨慎________adj.小心的；谨慎的________adv.小心地；谨慎地 ‎⑨________ n．预料；期待；期望expect v. 预料；期待；期望；认为 答案　①abruptly　②seize ③bore；borne　④file　⑤produce；production；productive　⑥practise；practice　⑦convenience　⑧cautious；cautiously　⑨expectation ‎2．常考词汇 ‎①distinguish vi.& vt.________________；使……有所不同；__________________‎ ‎②passive adj.________________；被动语态的 ‎③associate vt.________________ n．________________ ‎ association n．________________‎ 答案　①显示……的差别　辨别　②被动的；消极的　③联想；联系　同伴；伙伴　社团；协会；联合；联想 用所给单词的适当形式填空 ‎1．The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more ________ (product) lives than those who had not.(2016·天津，阅读C)‎ ‎2．Also be ________(caution)about expressing emotion.(2014·重庆，完形)‎ ‎3．The car is a ________ (convenience) means of transport，but we have made it our way of life.(2014·天津，阅读D)‎ ‎4．Ordered over a week ago，the books ________ (expect)to arrive any time now.(2016·北京，28)‎ ‎5．He ________ (associate)closely in the public mind with horror movies.‎ ‎6．This of course created a new problem: dirt ________ (practical) buried the first floors of every building in Chicago.(2015·湖南，阅读B)‎ ‎7．Nothing like this had ever been done before，and day after day I kept coming up with solutions，but none of them worked.My fatigue became almost ________ ‎ ‎(bearable)．(2016·天津，阅读D)‎ ‎8．The bus came to an ________ (abruptly) stop，making many passengers fall off their seats.(2016·枣庄市一模，完形)‎ 答案　1.productive　2.cautious 3．convenient　4.are expected　5.is associated　6.practically　7.unbearable　8.abrupt ‎【联想·积累】‎ ‎❶“社会交往”之 “警告、提醒、禁止、要求与命令”‎ ‎①caution小心 ‎ ‎②cautious小心的 ‎ ‎③attention注意 ‎ ‎④forbid 禁止 ‎⑤ban禁止 ‎ ‎⑥remind提醒 ‎ ‎⑦warn警告 ‎ ‎⑧be aware of意识到 ‎⑨look out当心 ‎⑩take care小心 ‎ ‎⑪watch out当心；注意 ‎⑫claim声张 ‎ ‎⑬command要求 ‎⑭ demand要求 ‎⑮force强迫 ‎ ‎⑯order命令 ‎ ‎⑰request请求 ‎ ‎⑱require要求 ‎❷“频度”高频词速记 ‎①annual adj.每年的 ‎②frequent adj.频繁的；经常的 ‎③regular adj.定期的；固定的；习惯性的；经常的 ‎④occasional adj.偶尔；间或 ‎⑤rare adj.罕有；很少 ‎⑥usually adv.常常 ‎⑦always adv.总是 ‎⑧often adv.经常 ‎⑨seldom adv.很少 Ⅱ.重点短语→识记·思考·运用 ‎1．动词＋介词(副词)‎ ‎①call ________ 给……打电话；使想起 ‎②set ________ 开始；着手 ‎③dive ________ 迅速把手伸入；一心投入 ‎④set ________ (to do) 开始(做)‎ ‎⑤hang ________ 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住 ‎⑥get ________ 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过；度过 ‎⑦ring ________ 回复电话 ‎⑧ring ________ 挂断电话 答案　①up　②about　③into ④out　⑤on　⑥through　⑦back ⑧off ‎2．其他形式 ‎①________ and then偶尔；有时 ‎②________ of order次序颠倒；发生故障 答案　①now　②out 用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空 ‎1．The photos on your Wechat ____________ the days when we worked together on the farms fifteen years ago.‎ ‎2．Having made up his mind，Flank ____________ carrying out the plan immediately.‎ ‎3．Don't you think the files and some of the papers were ____________？ You had better sort them out.‎ ‎4．When you were out，John rang up，and he wanted you to ________ him ________．‎ ‎5．Having gone through the long process，now I've got to a point in my life where I know I am smart enough to ____________ an area that is totally unknown，but interesting.(2016·天津，阅读表达)‎ ‎6．My grandfather still plays tennis ____________，even though he's in his nineties.(2016·北京，27)‎ 答案　1.call up　2.set about　3.out of order　4.ring；back　5.dive into　6.now and then ‎【联想·积累】‎ ‎❶“out of＋名词”短语集汇 ‎①out of breath上气不接下气 ‎②out of balance 失去平衡 ‎③out of stock脱销 ‎④out of date 过时 ‎⑤out of patience 不耐烦 ‎⑥out of control 失去控制 ‎⑦out of style 过时，不时髦 ‎⑧out of work 失业 ‎❷表示“开始/着手做某事”的短语精选 ‎①get down to doing sth ‎②set out to do sth ‎③set about doing sth ‎④settle down to sth ‎⑤start/begin doing/to do sth Ⅲ.经典句式→识记·思考·运用 原句背诵感悟 ‎1．The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me，but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes.‎ 我所做的第一件事就是看看有没有现成的产品能帮助我，但是，看来只有一种毒杀蛇的药粉。‎ ‎2．Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor.只有在得到这种认可之后，你才可以说自己是一个真正的发明家。‎ 句型公式仿写 ‎1．there seems to be...好像有……‎ ‎________________ (好像有些不一致) between his words and actions.‎ ‎2．only＋状语从句引导的倒装句式 ‎________________ (在被邀请了三次以后) he come to the meeting.‎ 答案　1.There seems to be some disagreement　2.Only after being asked three times did ‎【联想·积累】‎ ‎◆牵手seem 句式 ‎①主语＋seem＋adj.‎ ‎②主语＋seem＋to be＋adj.‎ ‎③It seemed that从句 ‎④主语＋seems like/as if/as though 从句 ‎[单 词 点 睛]‎ 高考必备词汇——精讲精练 ‎1．bear vt.(bore，borne)忍受；忍耐；负担；生育 ‎[高考佳句]They could not bear to work in the family business.(2015·安徽，阅读B)‎ 他们不能忍受在家庭生意中工作。‎ ‎(1)can't bear doing/to do sth不能忍受做某事 can't bear sb/sb's doing/to do sth 不能忍受某人做某事 ‎(2)bear a heavy burden肩负重担 bear responsibility/the blame承担责任/受责备 ‎(3)bear/keep sth in mind记住……‎ bear/keep in mind that...记住……‎ 单句语法填空/单句改错/写作运用 ‎①Though we are living a better life，I can't bear ________ (see)food thrown away.‎ ‎②Bear a heavy burden，she has to work hard to bring up her children.‎ ‎③Reasonable as the opinion sounds，________________(但是它经不起分析检验)．‎ 答案　①seeing　②Bear→Bearing　③it cannot bear the test through analysis ‎2．seize vt.抓住；捉住；夺取；攻占 ‎[高考佳句]The elephant seized a nearby branch and put it into her mouth.(2014·重庆，阅读D)‎ 大象抓住附近的一个树枝，把它放进嘴里。‎ seize sb by the collar/the arm抓住某人的衣领/胳膊 seize up停止运转，发生故障 seize a chance to do...抓住机会做……‎ seize on/upon利用，抓住(可利用的事物)‎ 单句语法填空/单句改错/写作运用 ‎①The rumours were eagerly seized ________ by the local press.‎ ‎②The engine suddenly seized off when we were working attentively.‎ ‎③You should ________________ (抓住出国学习的机会)，and serve for our motherland in the future.‎ 答案　①upon/on　②off→up　③seize the opportunity to study abroad 常考必会词汇——理解辨认 ‎1．associate vt.联想；联系 ‎[高考佳句]Readers will associate themselves closely with what happens in the news stories.(2015·江苏，任务型阅读)‎ 读者将密切地把他们自己跟新故事里发生的事联系起来。 ‎ ‎(1)associate sb/sth with sb/sth把……和……联系在一起；由……联想到……‎ be associated with...和……有关 associate with sb与某人交往或打交道 ‎(2)association n．联合；联想；交往；协会；团体 in association with...与……合伙/合作 单句语法填空/单句阅读理解(说出黑体部分的语义)‎ ‎①I feel honored to have the chance to live，work and associate ________ them.‎ ‎②We are working in association with a local company to raise money for the homeless.‎ ‎③They don't associate with the knowledgeable individuals.(2014·湖北，阅读C)‎ 答案　①with　②联合一家当地的公司　③与……交往 ‎2．distinguish vt.& vi.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别 ‎[高考佳句]To make a wise selection，you should know how to distinguish among three kinds of print dictionaries.(2015·湖南，写作section A)‎ 为了做出明智的选择，你应该知道如何区分三种类型的纸质字典。‎ ‎(1)distinguish between...and...区分/辨别……和……‎ distinguish...from...使……有别于……‎ distinguish oneself (as...)(作为……)表现突出 ‎(2)distinguished adj.卓越的；著名的；杰出的 be distinguished for...因……而出名 ‎(3)distinguishable adj.易分辨的；能区分的 单句语法填空/单句阅读理解(说出黑体部分的语义)‎ ‎①It's important to distinguish television's influences on children ________ those of the family.(2015·广东，阅读C)‎ ‎②As far as I know，Li Na has already distinguished herself as an athlete.‎ 答案　①from　②使自己突出 ‎[短 语 点 拨]‎ ‎1．set about 开始，着手(后接动词-ing形式)；出发；动身 set off ‎“出发”，侧重于去某个地方 set out ‎“出发，开始”，侧重于开始做某事，还有“规划，展现”的意思，后加不定式 set about ‎“开始，着手”，与set out意思相近，后加v.-ing形式 单句语法填空/单句改错/写作运用 ‎①That evening he set about ________ (write)a report on pollution.‎ ‎②If you want to catch that train，we'd better set for the station immediately.‎ ‎③On their arrival，________________ (他们开始阅读)the English books they brought with themselves.‎ 答案　①writing　②set后加off/out　③they set out to read ‎2．get through完成；通过；接通电话；度过(时间)‎ get along with sb与某人相处；进展 get away with sth携某物潜逃；不因某事受惩罚 get down to sth/doing sth开始做某事；认真处理某事 get over 爬过……；克服(困难)；从……中恢复过来 写出下列句子中get through的含义 ‎①I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.‎ ‎②I've got through the driving test recently.‎ ‎③I tried ringing you several times yesterday but I couldn't get through (to you)．‎ ‎④As soon as I get through with my work I'll join you.‎ 答案　①设法做完　②通过　③打通电话　④做完 ‎[句 式 透 析]‎ ‎※状语从句的省略：连词＋v.-ed/v.-ing...‎ ‎[教材原句]Between the outside and the inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly，which freezes when cooled.‎ 在碗内外壁之间有一些胶状物，冷却时被冻得很结实。‎ ‎【名师指津】　这里的when cooled是一个省略结构，相当于when it (the jelly)is cooled。‎ 在使用时间、地点、条件、让步、原因、比较或方式等之类的状语从句时，如果其中谓语部分含有be的任何一种形式，而主语又与主句的主语相一致或主语为it时，为避免重复，使语言生动、自然、简洁，常可以省略从句的主语和谓语的部分，特别是动词be。这种现象称为状语从句的省略。具体如下：‎ ‎(1)时间状语从句的省略。这类从句主要由when，while，as soon as，once，until等引导。如：‎ When (he was)still a boy of ten，he started working to support himself.‎ ‎(2)地点状语从句的省略。主要由where，wherever引导。如：‎ You can add some words to your composition where (it is)necessary.‎ ‎(3)条件状语从句的省略。主要由if，unless，once引导。如：‎ Once (it was)published，his work became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.‎ ‎(4)让步状语从句的省略。主要由though，although，however，whatever，even if，even though，no matter how/what引导。如：‎ Though (he had been)defeated many times，he didn't lose heart.‎ ‎(5)原因状语从句的省略。主要由because引导。如：‎ He decided not to watch the football match because (he was)not himself.‎ ‎(6)比较状语从句的省略。主要由as，than引导。如：‎ Mary is not so shy as (she was)a year ago when I first met her.‎ ‎(7)方式状语从句的省略。主要由as，as if引导。如：‎ The old man sat at the corner alone，as if (he was)thinking of something.‎ 单句语法填空/写作运用 ‎①Unless ________(invite)，he will not come back to the company.‎ ‎②After ________(complete)，the airport will have above 50% plants coverage.‎ ‎③____________(除非受到邀请)，he will not come back to the company.‎ 答案　①invited　②completed　③Unless invited missed the train