2020届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit1Greatscientists单元学案（9页word版）

2020届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit1Greatscientists单元学案（9页word版）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit 1Great scientists单元学案 ‎[重点词汇]‎ attend ‎[观察] 阅读下列各句，并观察attend 在句中的用法。‎ ‎1. Did you attend the meeting yesterday?‎ ‎2. Their children attend the same school.‎ ‎3. The woman has two nurses attending (on) her.‎ ‎[点拨] attend v. 参加，出席，如句1； 经常去，定期去（某处）， 如句2 ；医治，照顾，看护，如句3。‎ ‎[辨析] attend / join / take part in / join in ‎ attend一般指参加会议、典礼，去听课、听报告等。如：attend the meeting / conference / lecture / school / ceremony ...‎ join 加入某团体、组织（如军队、党派）、一群人、游戏等当中。如：join the party / army / club / team / sb. ...‎ take part in 参加某项活动。如：take part in the discussion / movement / revolution / meeting / conference / conversation / debate / war ...‎ join in 参加某项活动。如：join in the game / discussion / conversation ...。join sb. in (doing) sth. 指和其他人一起参加某项活动。‎ ‎[小试] 把下列句子翻译成汉语。‎ ‎1. Do you attend church regularly?‎ ‎2. We’d like as many people as possible to attend the lecture.‎ ‎3. He was very tired and expected somebody to attend on him. ‎ Key:‎ ‎1.你经常去教堂吗？‎ ‎2.我们希望去听讲座的人越多越好。‎ ‎3.他感到很累，希望有人来照顾一下自己。‎ absorb ‎[观察] 阅读下列各句，并观察absorb 在句中的用法。‎ ‎1. Cotton gloves absorb sweat.‎ ‎2. Black cloth absorbs light.‎ ‎3. Clever children absorb knowledge easily.‎ ‎4. This work had absorbed him for several years.‎ ‎5. The boy was absorbed in the book and paid no attention to what was going on around him.‎ ‎[点拨] absorb vt. “吸收（液体、气体、光、热等）”,如句1，2 ; “汲取、理解、掌握知识”，如句3；吸引（注意力、精力等），如句4； 用于be absorbed in集中注意力，全神贯注于……，如句5。‎ ‎[小试] 把下列句子翻译成英语。‎ ‎1. 大部分植物吸收二氧化碳。‎ ‎2. 这位作家全神贯注进行写作。‎ ‎3. 这本书吸引了他的注意。‎ Key: ‎ ‎1. Most plants absorb carbon dioxide.‎ ‎2. The writer was absorbed in his writing.‎ ‎3. The book absorbed his attention.‎ blame blame v. 责备；谴责；把……归咎于 ‎　　 n. 过失，责备 ‎ 常用结构：‎ blame sb. / sth. for sth. 因……责备…… ‎ blame sth. on sb. / sth. 把……归咎于……‎ be to blame (for sth.) 应（为……）承担责任；该（为……）受责备（主动表被动）‎ bear / take the blame 承担责任 put / lay the blame on 怪在……身上 ‎[例句] Many children are afraid of being blamed for failing the exam.‎ 许多孩子害怕因考试不及格而受责备。‎ The police blamed the traffic accident on his careless driving.‎ 警察把那起交通事故归咎于他的粗心驾驶。‎ The driver was not to blame for the accident.‎ 司机不应为这起事故负责。‎ The secretary was more to blame than the boss.‎ 秘书比老板更应该受到谴责。‎ We were ready to take the blame for what had happened. ‎ 我们愿对所发生的事情负责。‎ ‎[小试] 完成下列句子。‎ ‎1. Don’t always _______________ (把自己的失败归咎于他人). Sometimes, you yourself _______________ (该受责备).‎ ‎2. She’ll _______________ (怪罪我们), if it turns out badly.‎ ‎3. She didn’t _______________ (把她父亲的死归咎于任何人).‎ Key:‎ ‎1. blame your own failure on others; are to blame ‎ ‎2. put / lay the blame on us ‎ ‎3. blame anyone for her father’s death ‎ [难句分析]‎ ‎1. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. (P2) ‎ ‎【分析】‎ ‎①本句是一个主从复合句。‎ ‎②主句是So many thousands of terrified people died；从句是every time there was an outbreak。‎ ‎③every time作连词，意为“每次，每当”，引导________ 从句。‎ ‎【句意】每次暴发霍乱时，就有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。‎ ‎【仿写】每次亨利遇到困难，我都会给他一些建议。‎ I will give Henry some advice ________________.‎ ‎2. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed ‎ people. (P2)‎ ‎【分析】‎ ‎①本句是一个主从复合句。‎ ‎②主句是He became interested in two theories；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词 ________，且在从句中作________。‎ ‎③定语从句中又包含一个由how引导的 ________ 从句。‎ ‎【句意】他对这两种解释霍乱致人死亡的理论很感兴趣。 ‎ ‎【仿写】他对这本讲述那台机器如何运行的书产生了兴趣。‎ He ______________ the book ______________.‎ ‎3. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. (P3)‎ ‎【分析】‎ ‎①本句是一个主从复合句。‎ ‎②主句的主干是A woman liked the water； who引导非限制性定语从句，对woman进行补充说明。‎ ‎③so ... that ... 引导 ________ 从句。‎ ‎④had it delivered是have sth. done结构，意为“让/请别人做某事”。‎ ‎【句意】有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜欢那里的水，以致于每天都要派人从水泵打水运到家里来。‎ ‎【仿写】教数学的史密斯夫人如此忙碌以致于没有时间请人粉刷房子。‎ Mrs. Smith, ______________, is so busy ______________.‎ 答案 ‎1. 【分析】时间状语 ‎【仿写】every time he gets into trouble ‎2.【分析】theories；主语；宾语 ‎【仿写】became interested in; that explained how the machine worked ‎3.【分析】结果状语 ‎【仿写】who teaches math; that she has no time to have her house painted ‎[单元语法]过去分词作定语和表语 ‎★过去分词作定语 ‎【用法归纳】‎ ‎1. 过去分词作定语，一般表示其与所修饰的名词之间是被动关系，且表示的动作已完成。如：‎ You’d better use the boiled water to make tea. ‎ The nurse was sent to attend the injured man.‎ ‎2. 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词前面，而过去分词短语作定语一般放在名词后面。如：‎ Drunk people are not allowed to drive a car.‎ Have you read the novel written by Charles Dickens?‎ In the end, the suggestion given by Mr. Smith was adopted. ‎ ‎3. 不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示完成的含义，不表示被动的含义。如：‎ The police are searching for the escaped prisoner. ‎ The old man over there is a retired worker. ‎ ‎【拓展】done, to be done和being done 作定语的区别：它们都可作定语，表示被动意义，但时间含义上有所不同。过去分词表示被动的动作已完成；不定式的被动式表示被动的动作将要发生；动词-ing形式的被动式表示被动的动作正在进行。如：‎ Lucy knows little about the research plan discussed at yesterday’s meeting.‎ The five players are expected to take part in the football match to be held next week. ‎ All of us must keep a secret of the things being talked about here.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎★过去分词作表语 ‎【用法归纳】‎ ‎1. 过去分词可用在be, keep, remain, stay, seem, appear, look, feel, get等系动词后作表语，常表被动意义，用来说明主语的状态、性质、特征等。如：‎ Mrs. Green is convinced that her husband is telling a lie. ‎ The living room is covered with dust. ‎ ‎2. 很多过去分词已经形容词化，此类词作表语或定语时，强调被动的含义不大，而更强调状态。常见的此类词有：satisfied, excited, bored, amazed, tired, pleased, astonished等。如：‎ As far as Tom is concerned, he is extremely satisfied. ‎ Jim seems astonished to see his mother. ‎ ‎【拓展】有些动词如frighten, interest, worry, surprise等通常用其过去分词形式来说明人的感受，也可用来描述与人有关的事物，如look （表情），expression等；常用动词-ing形式来说明物的情况。如：‎ The little girl gets frightened when her father shouts at her.‎ Sara told me a surprising thing just now. ‎ ‎【即学即练】用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。‎ ‎1. I found myself in an ________ (embarrass) situation last night.‎ ‎2. The thief tried to open the ________ (lock) box.‎ ‎3. The ________ (expect) event didn’t occur.‎ ‎4. The ________ (injure) woman was sent to hospital quickly. ‎ ‎5. We need a(n) ________ (balance) diet in order to keep fit.‎ ‎6. The dragon was a(n) ________ (terrify) sight for the villagers. The ________ (terrify) villagers ran for their lives.‎ 答案 ‎【即学即练】1. embarrassing 2. locked 3. expected ‎4. injured 5. balanced 6. terrifying; terrified ‎[单元写作]如何写说服性议论文 ‎【写作任务】‎ 假如你们班将在英语课上围绕“是否存在外星人”这一话题进行辩论，你将作为正方代表发言。请用英语写一篇发言稿。‎ 注意：词数120左右。‎ ‎【写作指导】‎ ‎1. 审题定调 这是一篇说服性议论文。要求针对“是否存在外星人”这一话题，提出自己的见解和看法，并阐述自己的理由。写作时要注意内容上的科学性、表达上的逻辑性、结构上的条理性和语言上的准确性。‎ ‎2. 确定主体内容 ‎ 此类写作通常包括以下几方面的内容：首先，阐明自己的观点；然后，列举自己的理由；最后，进行总结。‎ 针对这篇习作的主题，可以把全文分为三段：‎ 第一段：阐明观点——外星人是存在的；‎ 第二段：列举理由——有关于外星人的影片、报道及科学发展的可能性和无限性；‎ 第三段：进行总结，并再次陈述自己的观点。‎ ‎3. 确定人称、时态 表达自己的观点多用第一人称；时态以一般现在时为主。‎ ‎4. 常用表达 The reason for ... is that ...‎ The reasons for ... are as follows. First, ...‎ Second, ... Last but not the least, ...‎ What’s more ... / Furthermore ...‎ If ..., how can ...?‎ Therefore / Thus ...‎ On the one hand, ...; on the other hand ...‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ Dear classmates,‎ We are strongly of the opinion that there are aliens in the universe. The reasons are as follows.‎ Most of us have seen the famous movie ET, which is a story about an alien. Actually, newspapers have also reported that people have seen real creatures like aliens and flying machines called UFOs several times in the daily lives. If there are no aliens, how can people describe their experiences so vividly? Furthermore, compared to the rest of the universe, the ability of we human beings is so limited that we surely haven’t found out about all of its mysteries. Therefore, with the development of science and our hard work, maybe we will confirm the existence of aliens in the near ‎ future by discovering some new evidence. ‎ In short, please believe that aliens surely exist in the universe.‎ ‎[考点点拨 考例回顾]‎ ‎1. blame ‎【考点】‎ ‎① blame作动词时，意为“责怪，职责，把……归咎于”。常用搭配：blame sb. / sth. for sth.因某事责备某人/某物；blame sth. on sb. / sth. 把某事归咎于某人/某物；be to blame (for sth.) （对某事）负有责任（注：此时blame在形式上是主动的，但在意义上是被动的）。如：‎ Marie still blames herself for Patrick’s death.‎ Whenever something goes wrong, everyone blames it on me.‎ Officials believe that more than one person may be to blame for the fire.‎ ‎② blame作名词时，意为“（坏事或错事的）责任，（对某人的）责备，指责”。常用搭配：lay / put the blame on sb. / sth. for sth. 把某事归咎于某人 / 某物；bear / take / accept / get the blame for ... 承担……的责任。如：‎ Health officials lay / put the blame for the disease on poor housing conditions.‎ We were ready to bear / take / accept / get the blame for what had happened. ‎ ‎【考例】‎ ‎①We shouldn’t blame technology for our shortcomings. (2013年安徽卷阅读理解D篇)‎ ‎②Who is to blame here? Rick Stevenson, who tells Ceely’s story in his book When Machines Fail Us, points the finger at the limitations of technology. (2011年浙江卷阅读理解A篇)‎ ‎③Still others lay the blame on the Americans, complaining that pounds have piled on thanks to eating too much American-style fast food. (2013年湖北卷阅读理解C篇)‎ ‎2. apart from ‎ ‎【考点】apart from有以下两种含义：‎ ‎①表示排除或例外，具有except, except for的含义。如：‎ I’ve finished apart from the last question. ‎ ‎②表示包括，具有besides, in addition to, as well as的含义。如：‎ Apart from these two books, David has written some plays.‎ ‎【考例】‎ ‎①Apart from that, there were all sorts of disasters that used to occur on the way to and from work. (2012年广东卷阅读理解C篇)‎ ‎②The other big NFC issue, apart from how payments will be processed, is security. For instance, what’s to stop a thief from digitally pickpocketing you? (2011年湖北卷阅读理解E篇)‎ ‎ [语法填空]‎ 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31-40的相应位置上。‎ I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car 31 (break) down near a remote and poor village. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to 32 should have the honor of receiving me 33 a guest in their house. Finally, I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house. While she was getting me 34 (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to 35 small town some 20 kilometres away 36 there was a garage. ‎ I had noticed three hens running free in my hostess’s courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table. 37 villagers brought me goat’s cheese and honey. We drank together and talked 38 (merry) till far into the night.‎ When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman 39 the trouble I had caused 40 . ‎ Key: 31. broke 32. who 33. as ‎ ‎ 34. settled 35. a 36. where ‎ ‎ 37. Other 38. merrily 39. for 40. her