2018年中考英语总复习易错知识点专题十一情态动词专项训练含解析

2018年中考英语总复习易错知识点专题十一情态动词专项训练含解析

专题十一 情态动词 易错清单 ‎1. can与be able to can和be able to表示能力时用法相同,但can只有原形和过去式(could)两种形式,在其他时态中 要用be able to 来表示。另外 be able to 常常指经过努力,花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。如:‎ Jim can't speak English. 吉姆不会说英语。‎ He could speak English at 5. 他五岁时就会说英语。‎ We'll be able to see him next week. 下星期我们将会见到他。‎ ‎　　2. can与may ‎ ‎(1)can 和 may 均可用来征求意见或许可,意为“可以”, 一般可互换使用。如:‎ Can/ May I help you?我能帮助你吗?‎ ‎(2)can和may 表示可能性时的区别:‎ ‎1)在肯定句中用 might,may,must,不用can;‎ ‎2)在疑问句中表示推测用can,不用 might,may,must;‎ ‎3)在否定句中用can't(不可能),不用 may,must。 如:‎ She may be in the classroom.她可能在教室里。‎ Where can they be now?他们现在可能在哪儿?‎ That can't be true. 那不可能是真的。‎ ‎　　3. may be与maybe ‎ may be中的may为情态动词, be为动词原形,在句中作谓语。而maybe是副词,意思是“大概、也许”,相当于perhaps,常放在句首,作状语。如:‎ He may be wrong,but I'm not sure.‎ 也许他错了,但我也不确定。‎ Maybe she'll come this afternoon.‎ 她可能今天下午来。‎ ‎　　4. can't 与 mustn't ‎ ‎(1)can't 根据其基本用法可译为”不会、不能“。如:‎ I can't speak English. 我不会说英语。‎ 7‎ We can't do it now because it's too dark.‎ 天太黑了,我们现在不能干了。‎ ‎(2)can't在否定句中表示推测,意思是“不可能”。如:‎ The man can't be our teacher because he is much younger than our teacher. 那个人不可能是咱们老师,他年轻得多。‎ ‎(3)mustn't 意为“ 禁止、不许”, 用来表达命令,表示强烈的语气。 如:‎ You mustn't play football in the street. It's too dangerous.‎ 你不可以在街上踢足球,太危险了。‎ ‎5. must与 have to ‎ ‎(1)must 侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要。have to 侧重于客观上的必要,可用于现在时、过去时和将来时。如:‎ I know I must study hard.我知道我必须努力学习。‎ My brother was very ill,so I had to call the doctor in the mid-night. 我弟弟病得厉害, 我只得半夜里把医生请来。‎ I don't have any money with me,so I'll have to borrow some from my friend. 我身上没带钱,只好向朋友借点了。‎ 提分策略 随着中考试卷越来越重视情境性和交际性,情态动词也就成了中考的热点。中考常考的知识点有:推测可能性、请求允许等。题型以选择题为主。解题时,要注意以下方面:‎ ‎1. 根据句子语气选择情态动词 情态动词表示说话人的语气和情感,所以在解答情态动词有关的单选题时,一定要注意说话人的语气,要结合具体的语境来分析和判断。‎ ‎【例1】(2014·贵州铜仁·30)—Must I water the flowers now,mum?‎ ‎—No,you　　　　. You 　　　　　do it later. ‎ A. mustn't. must B. mustn't,may C. needn't,may D. needn't,must ‎【解析】　考查情态动词的用法。以must开头的一般疑问句,否定答语常用needn't,表示“不必要”,所以排除A、B两项。应答句后面一句语气委婉,应该用情态动词may。故选C。‎ ‎【答案】　C 7‎ ‎【例2】(2013·湖南邵阳·27)—Must I hand it in today?‎ ‎—No,you 　　　　. You can do it tomorrow. ‎ A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't ‎【解析】　考查情态动词的用法。以Must开头的一般疑问句,否定答语常用needn't,表示“不必要”。故选C。‎ ‎【答案】　C ‎【例3】(2013·湖北孝感·30)—Look at the young lady in red. Is it Mrs King?‎ ‎—No,it 　　　　be her. She is wearing a white dress today. ‎ A. can B. may C. must D. can't ‎【解析】　考查情态动词的用法。may表示不确定的推测,译为“可能”,谈论可能性;而 can 作“可以”讲,表示允许;作“能够”讲,表示一种与生俱来的能力;must则是肯定而有把握的推测;can't意为“不能,不可能”,常用于否定而有把握的推测,由题意可知答案选D。‎ ‎【答案】　D ‎2. 根据语境选择情态动词 ‎ 情态动词在不同的语境中表示不同的含义,所以解题时要根据具体语境分析句子的意思,选用正确的情态动词。‎ ‎【例1】(2014·浙江宁波·26)—　　　　 you leave now? You only arrived here an hour ago. ‎ 一Sorry,but so much homework is waiting for me.‎ A. May B. Must C. Can D. Might ‎ ‎【解析】考查情态动词的用法。may可以,可能;must必须;can可以,能够;might可能。句意:你现在必须走吗?你才到了一个小时。根据句意应选B。‎ ‎【答案】　B ‎ 【例2】(2013·浙江义乌·18)—Mum,can I finish the work tomorrow?‎ ‎—No,you 　　　　finish it today. Don't put off today's work till tomorrow. ‎ A. may B. can 7‎ C. might D. must ‎【解析】　考查情态动词的用法。A项表示“可能,也许”,B项表示“能、会”,C项“may的婉转形式或其过去式”,D项表示“必须”。根据句意:“——妈妈,我能明天完成工作吗?——不,你必须今天完成。不能把今天的事拖到明天。”可知本题选D。‎ ‎【答案】　D 专项训练 ‎1. (2014·江苏扬州·6)—David,is that man your Chinese teacher?‎ ‎—It　　　　 be him. He's having a meeting. ‎ A. mustn't B. can't ‎ C. needn't D. won't ‎2. (2014·山东济南·32)Miss Hu's bicycle is blue. So the red one 　　　　　　be hers. ‎ A. could B. can't C. must D. might ‎3. (2014·上海奉贤区·40)—How often do I need to feed the birds?‎ ‎—They　　　　 food every day,or they will be hungry. ‎ A. must give B. mustn't give C. must be given D. mustn't be given ‎4. (2013·天津)—Excuse me,when are we going to have a picnic?‎ ‎—I'm not sure. Ask our monitor. He 　　　　know. ‎ A. need B. can ‎ C. may D. shall ‎5. (2013·江苏南京)The lady in this photo　　　　be over fifty! She looks so young! ‎ A. mustn't B. must ‎ C. can't D. can ‎6. (2013·山东济南)—I hear you've got a new iPhone 4S. 　　　　I have a look? ‎ ‎—Yes,certainly.‎ A. May B. Do C. Shall D. Should 7‎ ‎7. (2013·浙江杭州)—Have you decided which senior high school to choose?‎ ‎—Not yet. I　　　　 go to Moonlight School. ‎ A. must B. may C. need D. should ‎8. (2013·河北)—Must we wear our school uniform this afternoon?‎ ‎—No,you 　　　　. All of us will go on an outing. ‎ A. mustn't B. can't ‎ C. needn't D. couldn't ‎9. (2013·安徽)—Dad,must I practice the piano today?‎ ‎—No,you 　　　　. You may do it tomorrow. ‎ A. needn't B. mustn't C. shouldn't D. can't ‎10. (2013·湖南长沙)—You　　　　be happy with the strong public support you've received. ‎ ‎—Yes,you're right. I'm really excited.‎ A. may B. can C. must D. need ‎11. (2013·湖北武汉)—Shall we take a taxi?‎ ‎—No,we 　　　　. It's not far from here. ‎ A. can't B. mustn't C. shouldn't D. needn't ‎11. (2013·陕西)—　　　　I do the laundry first? ‎ ‎—No,you　　　　. You can do your homework first. ‎ A. Must;mustn't ‎ B. Can;mustn't C. Must;needn't ‎ D. May;needn't ‎13. (2013·辽宁)School students　　　　 smoke because it is against the school rules. ‎ A. needn't B. couldn't 7‎ C. won't D. mustn't ‎ 参考答案与解析 ‎1. B　解析:考查情态动词的用法。由应答句“He's having a meeting.”判断,前面一句表示可能性,所以排除A、C、D三项。故选B。‎ ‎2. B　解析:考查情态动词的用法。由前面一句“胡老师的自行车书蓝色的”判断,红色的那一辆不可能是她的,应该用can't 表示不可能。故选B。‎ ‎3. C　解析:考查情态动词的用法。应答句中的主语是动作的承受者,应该用被动语态,所以排除A、B、D三项。故选C。‎ ‎4. C　解析:考查情态动词的用法。由I'm not sure. Ask our monitor, please. “我不清楚,问问我们班长吧”可知答案选C项,意为“也许”,表猜测。‎ ‎5. C 　解析:考查情态动词用法。由She looks so young!“她看起来这么年轻啊!”可知答案选C项,意为“不可能”。‎ ‎6. A 　解析:考查情态动词的用法。由上下文可知听说对方买了一部新手机,所以想一睹为快,故答案选A项,意为“可以”,表请求或许可。‎ ‎7. B 　解析:考查情态动词的用法。由上文可知还没有决定上哪一所学校,故答案选B项,意为“也许”,表猜测。‎ ‎8. C 　解析:考查情态动词的否定回答。 must的否定回答是needn't,故答案选C项。‎ ‎9. A 　解析:考查情态动词的否定回答。must的否定回答是needn't,故答案选A项。‎ ‎10. C 　解析:由Yes, you're right. I'm really excited.“是的,我确实很激动。”可知答案选C项,意为“一定”,表猜测。‎ ‎11. D　解析:考查情态动词的用法。由It's not far from here.“离这儿不远。”可推知没必要乘出租,故答案选D项,意为“不必”。‎ ‎12. C 　解析:考查情态动词的用法。由You can do your homework first.“你可以先做作业”可推知不必先洗衣服,故答案选C项。must的否定回答用needn't。‎ ‎13. D 　解析:考查情态动词否定式的词意辨析。由because it is against the school rules“因为这是违反学校规定的”可知答案选D项,意为“不应该、不准、不允许”。‎ 7‎ 7‎