【英语】2018届二轮复习说明文阅读理解典题10篇训练之二（含有解析）学案（24页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习说明文阅读理解典题10篇训练之二（含有解析）学案（24页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 说明文阅读理解典题10篇训练之二 ‎【一】‎ Should every teenager be given a vaccine(疫苗)against the effects of nicotine, and so prevent them becoming addicted to cigarettes?‎ This controversial possibility seems likely to happen in the future, thanks to the development of a new vaccine for nicotine addiction. The vaccine was designed for people who want to quit smoking but who repeatedly relapse(复发)．But since most countries are failing to cut the number of children taking up smoking, many people will want to know whether the vaccine should be used far more widely if it proves to be effective.‎ ‎“The vaccine will be tested first on relapsing smokers, then on those who plan to quit, then on those who are not yet completely addicted，” says Frank Vocci of the National Institute of Drug Abuse. “The final step would be vaccinating young people before they even try smoking, but that's a long way down the road.”‎ John Roberts, medical director of British drug company Xenova, is very enthusiastic. “I think prevention is a huge opportunity，” he says. “If you can take away the pleasure nicotine gives, then teenagers who start smoking are more likely to stop before it becomes a habit.”‎ ‎80% of smokers start in their teens, with 360,000 teenagers and children in the U．S. taking up the habit per year. But would the vaccine be given to all teenagers or only a selected few? “It's hard to decide which children are most at risk of becoming smokers，” says Amanda Sandford of Action on Smoking and Health. Instead she favors education ‎ as a way of discouraging children from smoking. Nabi Biopharmaceuticals is also cautious, “It is very difficult to know what is the right age to give the vaccine to children.”‎ There are also worries about giving the vaccine to longterm adult smokers. Will addicted smokers simply try to beat the vaccine's antibodies(抗体)by smoking more? Gary Norwith, Nabi's clinical director, says this would be almost impossible. “You'd have to stick an entire pack of cigarettes in your mouth and smoke for hours to beat the antibodies，” he says.‎ ‎1．What's Roberts's attitude towards giving teens the vaccine?‎ A．Cautious.　　　　　　 B．Positive. ‎ C．Doubtful. D．Worried.‎ ‎2．What may Sanford agree with?‎ A．Older children have the right to decide.‎ B．Children are most at risk of becoming smokers.‎ C．Every child should be given the vaccine.‎ D．It's important to educate children on the danger of smoking. ‎ ‎3．Norwith's words in the last paragraph suggest that ________.‎ A．the vaccine is effective in helping addicted smokers ‎ B．it is hard for children to become longterm smokers C．longterm adult smokers smoke for hours every day D．he is worried about the vaccine's longterm effects ‎4．Which of the following would be the best title for the text?‎ A．Strong effects of nicotine. ‎ B．Stop them before they start.‎ C．More teenagers become addicted.‎ D．Protect teenage nicotine addiction.‎ 答案与解析 每个青少年都应该注射尼古丁疫苗来阻止他们吸烟上瘾吗？本文围绕这一问题展开了讨论。‎ ‎1．B　根据第四段中John Roberts, medical director of British drug company Xenova, is very enthusiastic.“I think prevention is a huge opportunity，”可知Roberts持积极态度。故选项B正确。‎ ‎2．D　根据第五段Instead she favors education as a way of discouraging children from smoking.一句可知Sanford认为重要的是要教育孩子们吸烟的危害。故答案选D。‎ ‎3．A　根据最后一段中Will addicted smokers simply try to beat the vaccine's antibodies(抗体)by smoking more? Gary Norwith, Nabi's clinical director, says this would be almost impossible.可知Gary Norwith认为疫苗很有效。故答案A正确。‎ ‎4．B　通读全文可知本文围绕“每个青少年都应该注射尼古丁疫苗来阻止他们吸烟上瘾吗？”这一问题展开了讨论。故答案B正确。‎ ‎【二】‎ Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth's changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2008 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1．It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that ________.‎ A．the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020‎ B．gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countries C．the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto Protocol D．humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming ‎2．If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?‎ A．The human population would increase by one third.‎ B．Little over 50% of all species would still exist.‎ C．Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.‎ D．The Agreement's minimum goal would not be reached.‎ ‎3．If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be ________.‎ A．0.8 ℃ 　 B．1.5 ℃‎ C．2 ℃ D．3.5 ℃‎ 答案与解析 本文介绍了人们一直努力减少温室气体的排放，并设立了到2100年我们应该达成的目标以及达成目标要符合的条件。‎ ‎1．D　推理判断题。根据文章第一段三至六句Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto... stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming.可知自从20世纪早期开始人类就一直在努力减少温室气体的排放，希望能减缓全球变暖的趋势。故D项正确。‎ ‎2．D　推理判断题。根据文章第二段This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions；可知如果各国的气体排放能够符合巴黎协议的要求，到2100年气温会比现在高3.5度。而根据第三段To meet this minimum goal，可知最小的目标是上升2度。也就是说即使各国的气体排放能够符合巴黎协议的要求，也达不到最小的目标。故D正确。‎ ‎3．B　细节理解题。根据第四段This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement, after a push by lowlying island nations like Kiribati, which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5 ℃ could save them from sinking.可知对于那些低海拔的国家来说稳定上升1.5度，就可以避免他们被淹没。故B正确。‎ ‎【三】‎ When you’re looking forward to taking a holiday in Egypt, you’re certainly not short of choices. The country has so many to see that you’ll probably not want to limit yourself to just one city.‎ Hurghada — A Water Sports Paradise With 250 hotels ranking from comfortable 3star hotels up to 5star accommodation, the main attraction of staying here is the activities in and on the warm waters. It has become an international centre for water sports, allowing visitors to take part in surfing, sailing and deepsea fishing. The waters are also home to a huge variety of coral and fish, making it a dream spot for diving. If all that isn’t enough, Hurghada is home to some of the world’s finest underwater gardens.‎ Luxor — An Openair Museum of Ancient History For those with an interest in Egyptian history, Luxor is an excellent place to stay and is built upon the site of the ancient Egyptian city of Thebes. If you make this the base for your Egypt holiday, you’re basically staying in an openair museum! The modern city of Luxor has the ruins of Karnak. Across the Nile lie many more monuments, temples and tombs including the Valley of the Kings and the Queens. The Nile sailing is necessary for those with an interest in the country’s ancient history.‎ Cairo — The Capital City Finally, of course, there’s Cairo. It’s definitely a starting point for most of Egypt holidaymakers. Cairo offers an excellent mix of culture, art, cooking and sightseeing chances. With the famous pyramids, various temples and some fascinating museums, Cairo is a fantastic choice if you can come to the city.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文，讲述了几个埃及好玩的城市及它们的特色。‎ ‎1．Visitors flood to Hurghada mainly because it can offer them ________.‎ A．the funniest botanic gardens B．choices of water activities C．a brief history of Egypt D．the mix of culture and art 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据Hurghada — A Water Sports Paradise中的“the main attraction of staying here is the activities in and on the warm waters”可知，这里主要吸引人的是其水里或水上的活动。故选B。‎ ‎2．Which of the following cities do most tourists visit first in Egypt?‎ A．Cairo.　　　　　　　 　B．Luxor.‎ C．Thebes. D．Hurghada.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据Cairo — The Capital City中的“It’s definitely a starting point for most of Egypt holidaymakers”可知，Cairo一定是去埃及度假的游客最先游览的地方。故选A。‎ ‎3．This passage is most probably taken from ________.‎ A．a historical document B．a science magazine C．a travel guide D．a book review 解析：选C　文章出处题。根据第一段可知，本文介绍了几个埃及好玩的城市，所以应该出现在旅游指南上。故选C。‎ ‎【四】‎ Those accustomed to browsing through thousands of books in large ‎ bookstores may find Japan’s Morioka Shoten a little strange. That’s because this tiny bookstore that is located in Ginza, Tokyo sells only a single book at a time.‎ Opened in May 2015, Morioka Shoten is the brainchild of Yoshiyuki Morioka. He began his career as a bookstore clerk in Tokyo’s Kanda district before branching out to open his own store. It was here while organizing book reading and signing that he realized that customers usually came into the store with one title in mind. Morioka began to wonder if a store could exist by selling multiple copies of just one single book. In November 2014, he partnered with Masamichi Toyama to establish a unique bookstore with the philosophy of “A Single Room with a Single Book”．‎ The selections that are picked by Morioka change weekly and vary widely to attract customers with different interests. Recent choices include The True Deceiver, an awardwinning Swedish novel by Tove Jansson, Hans Andersen’s Fairy Tales, and a collection of Karl Blossfeldt’s photography of plants. Morioka has also selected books written by a famous Japanese author Mimei Ogawa.‎ To highlight his only offering, Morioka often uses clever tricks. For example, when selling a book about flowers, the storekeeper decorated his shop with the ones that had been mentioned in the book. He also encourages authors to hold talks and discussions so they can connect with customers. Morioka says his goal is for the customers to experience being inside a book, not just a bookstore.‎ Risky as the idea might seem, things appear to be going well. The storekeeper says he has sold over 2,100 books. Things can get better given that his bookstore is becoming increasingly popular not just among the locals but also visitors from other countries.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在日本你会发现一家名为“Morioka Shoten”的别致书店，这家书店因其特别的经营方式很快就吸引了众人的注意。‎ ‎4．What inspired Morioka to open such a bookstore?‎ A．A Swedish novel. B．His present partner.‎ C．A bookstore clerk. D．His working experience.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，在开办自己的书店之前Morioka当过书店的店员，正是在工作中，他开始想创办一家“一周只卖一本书”的书店，由此可知，他的工作经验给了他灵感。‎ ‎5．Why is Morioka Shoten unique?‎ A．It is popular with foreigners.‎ B．It sells books of different topics.‎ C．It is decorated with colorful flowers.‎ D．It sells various copies of a book in a week.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段的“sells only a single book at a time”可知，选项D正确。‎ ‎6．Why does Morioka encourage authors to hold talks?‎ A．To introduce his bookstore.‎ B．To advocate his philosophy.‎ C．To make books better understood.‎ D．To help readers connect with each other.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第四段的第三句和第四句可知，Morioka鼓励作者举办会谈、讨论是为了与顾客接触，这样顾客便会更好地体会书中的内容，故选C。‎ ‎7．What’s the author’s opinion about the bookstore’s future?‎ A．Risky. B．Promising.‎ C．Unpredictable. D．Hopeless.‎ 解析：选B　观点态度题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知，这个书店会变得更好，它不仅在当地人中而且在其他国家的游客中也受欢迎，由此可知，作者认为这个书店很有发展前途。‎ ‎【五】‎ Christmas Day is for eating, drinking, watching bad TV — and trying to cover up your embarrassment as you realize your husband’s aunt Maude has spent her pension on your present while you bought her a set of Christmas cards.‎ Presentbuying can be a minefield: from how much to spend, to whether to risk surprising receivers with a gift they don’t want, to knowing if you should buy your neighbor you only say hello to a little something.‎ Here, FEMAIL has asked experts for their top tips on how to select present to ensure the only thing that’s red this Christmas is Santa Claus’ nose.‎ ‎“If you’ve just started seeing someone you don’t need to spend a ‎ fortune，” says dating advisor James Preece.‎ ‎“It’s much better to impress them with your imagination by choosing a gift that’s a little bit different. ￡20 is about the right amount, with a maximum of ￡50 if you can afford it.”‎ ‎“Or you don’t even need to go that far”， says relationship expert and founder of BeLoveCurious.com, Helen Rice. “Plan to spend a romantic evening together or have a fun day out. Feel free to give the person you’re dating something thoughtful, just don’t spend a lot of money.”‎ ‎“If you’re in a longterm relationship then your budget really reflects on your personal situation，” adds James. “You don’t need to go crazy, but it’s a great opportunity to show you love and appreciate them.”‎ ‎“It’s also best to buy a few cheaper presents rather than big one. Part of the fun is the mystery and unwrapping, so it will last longer if you give them several to enjoy.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。圣诞节是西方一个盛大的节日，此刻给亲朋好友送去圣诞祝福也是非常重要的一种庆祝方式。那么如何避免圣诞节送礼不当所产生的尴尬呢？一起来看看文章给我们的建议吧。‎ ‎5．What is the purpose of the first paragraph in this article?‎ A．To arrest the attention of readers.‎ B．To criticize greed of mean couples.‎ C．To describe traditional customs of Christmas Day.‎ D．To express sympathies for embarrassed senior citizens.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第一段可知，在圣诞节那天，人们吃吃喝喝，看看没营养的电视剧——还要试图掩饰因送礼不当而产生的尴尬，如你丈夫的阿姨Maude用退休金给你买了贵重礼物，而你却只送了她一套圣诞卡。下文紧接着讲买圣诞节礼物是件很棘手的事情，并为此提出了建议。由此可知，第一段通过假设点明问题，从而吸引读者的注意力。故A项正确。‎ ‎6．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 imply?‎ A．To accumulate red symbols for Christmas atmosphere.‎ B．To calculate how much paint they need to decorate the house.‎ C．To surprise their friends with their delicate intention.‎ D．To avoid unnecessary embarrassment when sending gifts.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。联系上文可知，买圣诞节礼物需要考虑很多因素。FEMAIL就如何选择礼物征求了专家的建议，就是为了避免大家在送圣诞节礼物时产生不必要的尴尬。故D项正确。‎ ‎7．Which statement does James Preece agree?‎ A．Only rare treasures can move a stone heart.‎ B．Diamonds are girls’ best friends.‎ C．Curiosity to gifts adds to fun.‎ D．True friends need nothing but trust.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句James Preece说的话可知，James Preece认为对礼物的好奇心会增加乐趣。故C项正确。‎ ‎8．Who are the target readers of this article?‎ A．Those who cannot afford expensive eating.‎ B．Those who want to fix their broken friendship.‎ C．Those who have trouble in picking proper gifts.‎ D．Those who have once quarreled with their neighbors.‎ 解析：选C　读者对象题。根据文章前三段可知，本文是向那些不知道如何挑选恰当的圣诞节礼物的读者提供了一些建议。故C项正确。‎ ‎【六】‎ Thanks to this new hands free suitcase, carrying around heavy luggage may soon become a thing of the past. Designed by Israeli company NUA Robotics, this “smart” suitcase can follow you everywhere you go.‎ The carryon suitcase, currently a prototype (雏形), connects to a smartphone app via bluetooth. It has a builtin camera sensor that can “see” you and follow you around on flat surfaces like airport floors. It comes with an antitheft alarm to prevent someone carrying it away when you’re not looking, and it has a backup (备用) battery that you can use to charge all your devices.‎ ‎“It can follow and carry things for people around while communicating with their smartphone, and avoiding obstacles，” explained Alex Libman, founder of NUA Robotics. “We’re combining sensor network, computer vision, and robotics. So if you download our app (应用), press the ’follow me’ button, the luggage recognizes its user and knows to follow and communicate.”‎ NUA is still testing the device and trying improve features like speed and customization (客户订制), but they hope to make the suitcase available to customers in a year’s time. If it proves successful, they want to use the bluetooth pairing technology to automate lots of other devices, like shopping carts at the supermarket. These devices are especially meant to be useful to the physically disabled and elderly. “Any object can be smart and robotic，” Libman told Mashable. “We want to bring robots into everyday life.”‎ The Israeli tech company made it clear that the finished product will look just like a regular suitcase. They’re planning to partner with a carryon luggage maker, since the device that makes it “smart” weighs just 2.5 pounds and can be fitted on oldfashion luggage.‎ With NUA’s smart suitcase, carrying around heavy luggage isn’t a burden. But how their invention will handle tough obstacles like stairs? It will be interesting to wait.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了一种无需手提的智能旅行箱。‎ ‎9．According to the passage, the “smart” suitcase ________.‎ A．can go everywhere B．is on sale now C．can make our hands free during traveling D．was designed by Alex Libman 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，这种智能的行李箱能够让我们在旅行中无需拖着沉重的箱子。故选C。‎ ‎10．If you want to use this free hand suitcase, you must ______.‎ A．download the app B．avoid obstacles C．look at it all the time D．carry a camera 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第二段第一句及文章内容可推知，如果你想使用这款箱子，你必须下载手机应用程序。故选A。‎ ‎11．What can we learn about NUA?‎ A．It was founded by Mashable.‎ B．It has improved the features of the device.‎ C．It wants to bring more smart and robotic devices into everyday life.‎ D．It will make the suitcase available to customers in a month.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第四段第二句及第四段内容可推知，NUA想将更多的智能机器化设备带到日常生活中。故选C。‎ ‎12．Where is the article probably from?‎ A．A textbook. B．A poster.‎ C．A biography. D．A website.‎ 解析：选D　文章出处题。根据文章第三段“So if you download our app ‎ ‎(应用), press the ’follow me’ button ...”可推断，本文可能来自一个网站。故选D。‎ ‎【七】‎ Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website BookCrossing.com turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.‎ Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.‎ Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says, “The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both.”‎ Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.‎ People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. Emails are then sent to the BookCrossers to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.‎ BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” and not the virtual (虚拟). The site now has more than one ‎ million members in more than one hundred thirtyfive countries.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个图书交流的网站，该网站鼓励人们拿出自己的图书与他人分享，如今超过135个国家的一百多万人成为该网站的会员。‎ ‎5．Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?‎ A．To explain what they are.‎ B．To introduce BookCrossing.‎ C．To stress the importance of reading.‎ D．To encourage readers to share their ideas.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知，作者提到book groups是为了引出BookCrossing。故选B项。‎ ‎6．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A．The book. B．An adventure.‎ C．A public place. D．The identification number.‎ 解析：选A　代词指代题。根据第二段的最后一句可知，此处的“it”指的是“the book”，故选A。‎ ‎7．What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it?‎ A．Meet other readers to discuss it.‎ B．Keep it safe in his bookcase.‎ C．Pass it on to another reader.‎ D．Mail it back to its owner.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第四段可知，人们在看完一本书之后就把书留在公园的长凳、公共汽车、火车站及咖啡馆等地方，下一位找到这本书的人就到网站上记录他们找到这本书的地点，由此可推断选C项“把书继续传递给另一位读者”。‎ ‎8．What is the best title for the text?‎ A．Online Reading: A Virtual Tour B．Electronic Books: A New Trend C．A Book Group Brings Tradition Back D．A Website Links People through Books 解析：选D　标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了BookCrossing这个网站，因此这篇文章的标题应体现出“网站”这一关键点，再根据第三段中的“the people you meet and books you read”可知只有D项涵盖了这些信息。‎ ‎【八】‎ Daydreaming was viewed as a waste of time. Or it was considered an unhealthy escape from real life and its duties. Daydreaming has always had a bad reputation, but now scientific research has showed that daydreaming may actually improve your mental health and creativity. It can even help you achieve your desired goals.‎ Now some people are taking a fresh look at daydreaming. Some think it may be a very healthy thing to do. Researchers are finding daydreaming, they tell us, is a good means of relaxation. But its benefits ‎ go beyond this. A number of psychologists have conducted experiments and have reached some surprising conclusions.‎ Dr. Joan T. Freyberg has concluded that daydreaming contributes to intellectual growth. It also improves concentration, attention span, and the ability to get along with others, she says. In an experiment with school children, the same researcher found that daydreaming led the children to pay more attention to details. They had more happy feelings. They worked together better. Another researcher reported that daydreaming seemed to produce improved selfcontrol and creative abilities.‎ But that’s only part of the_story. The most remarkable thing about daydreaming may be its usefulness in shaping our future lives as we want them to be. Industrialist Henry J. Kaiser believed that much of his success was due to the positive use of daydreaming. He maintained that “you can imagine your future”. Florence Nightingale dreamed of becoming a nurse. The young Thomas Edison pictured himself as an inventor. For these famous achievers, it appears that their daydreams came true.‎ Of course daydreaming is no substitute (代替者) for hard work. You have to work hard to develop skills. Daydreaming alone can’t turn you into your heart’s desire. But in combination with the more usual methods of selfdevelopment, it might make a critical difference. And who knows: You might see your own daydreams come true.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一直以来，人们都认为白日梦是浪费时间。然而，现代科学研究表明，白日梦实际上可能改善精神健康和提高创造力，还有助于实现想要达成的目标。‎ ‎1．From the scientific research, a few minutes’ daydreaming will ‎ ________.‎ A．relieve stress effectively B．improve grades C．escape from real life and duties D．gain a positive attitudes towards exams 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知，科学研究表明，白日梦能使人放松。故A项正确。‎ ‎2．According to Dr. Joan T. Freyberg, daydreaming can ________.‎ A．reduce failure in examinations B．help rapid and continuous physical growth C．improve selfcontrol and creative abilities D．benefit improvement of concentration 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，Joan T. Freyberg博士认为白日梦有助于集中注意力。故D项正确。‎ ‎3．What does “the story” in Paragraph 4 refer to?‎ A．The attention.　　　 　B．The conclusion.‎ C．The contribution. D．The concentration.‎ 解析：选B　短语猜测题。第三段主要陈述了Joan T.‎ ‎ Freyberg博士的结论是白日梦有助于改善人的注意力。根据下文所举的例子可知，有关白日梦最值得注意的地方也许是它按照我们的愿望去塑造我们未来生活的作用。由此可知，第三段提到的内容只是结论中的一部分，所以“the story”指的是结论。故B项正确。‎ ‎4．Nightingale and Edison are examples to explain that daydreaming probably ________.‎ A．earns a good reputation B．takes the place of hard work C．pictures future profession D．turns the desire into reality 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第四段可知，Nightingale梦想自己成为一名护士，年轻时的Edison把自己想象成一个发明家；再结合第四段最后一句可推知，两个例子都在解释白日梦也许能勾画出未来的职业。故C项正确。‎ ‎【九】‎ Owls are equipped with highly developed stealth technology (隐形技术) that helps them charge towards prey — an animal hunted and eaten by another — undetected, a study has shown.‎ Owls have flight feathers that absorb aerodynamic sound and control the vibrations (振动) that occur when a bird beats its wings.The result is perfect silence as it approaches a mouse or other prey.‎ Scientists used lasers and highspeed cameras to analyse and compare longeared owl, eagle and pigeon feathers during flight. While differing in size, all three birds have a similar wingbeat style.‎ Professor Jinkui Chu led the research.He said, “Many owls have a unique and fascinating ability to fly so silently that they are out of their prey’s hearing range, due to their feather structure.”‎ This behaviour has long been of interest to engineers, as we seek to apply the owls’ noisereduction mechanisms (机制) to other purposes and situations that benefit society.‎ ‎“Now, however, we know the owls’ silent flight ability is even better than we thought. Of all birds the owl is the king of acoustic stealth. It not only manages to prevent aerodynamic noise when gliding, but also mechanical noise caused by vibration during flying.”‎ This is remarkable, considering the sudden jumping, bending and twisting the wings are subjected to when flapping and the noise that is created by other birds.‎ In the scientific world the process used to remove this mechanical noise is called “damping”， which means the removal of mechanical energy from a vibrating system usually by changing it into heat and allowing it to remain steady.‎ ‎“Our research showed the longeared owl has superior damping skill, meaning it can remain amazingly stable and remove mechanical noise caused by the movement of its feathers — quite an impressive achievement of engineering.”‎ He added，“This study will hopefully provide further insight into the owls’ silent flight mechanism and help engineers develop ideas for special materials or structures, such as onshore wind turbines, where similar noise removal can be applied.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究指出猫头鹰有一种高度发达的隐形技术，这能帮助它们悄然无声地冲向猎物。‎ ‎9．What can be TRUE about owls according to the text?‎ A．They are active during the day.‎ B．They attract much attention from engineers.‎ C．They have similar wings to eagles.‎ D．They beat wings without vibrations.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“This behaviour has long been of interest to engineers”可知，猫头鹰引起了工程师的广泛关注。‎ ‎10．By saying “the owl is the king of acoustic stealth” in Paragraph 6, Jinkui Chu means owls ________. ‎ A．are good at capturing prey B．have a good sense of hearing C．are good at jumping and twisting D．have silent flight ability 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第六段中的“we know the owls’ silent flight ability is even better than we thought ... It not only manages to prevent aerodynamic noise when gliding ...”，再结合上下文可知，猫头鹰有无声飞行的能力，所以D项正确。‎ ‎11．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 8 refer to?‎ A．Mechanical noise.‎ B．The vibrating system.‎ C．Mechanical energy.‎ D．The removal of mechanical energy.‎ 解析：选C　代词指代题。分析该词所在句“the process used to remove this mechanical noise is called ’damping’， which means the removal of mechanical energy from a vibrating system”可知，it指代的是mechanical energy (机械能)。‎ ‎12．What is mainly talked about in this text?‎ A．Facts about stealth technology.‎ B．Technique that owls use to fly.‎ C．The reason of researching into owls.‎ D．A study about owls’ unique ability.‎ 解析：选D　主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了一项关于猫头鹰的研究，故D项最能概括文章主旨。‎ ‎【十】‎ In today’s world of smartphones and notebook computers, most people have at least one timetelling thing with them. Since these digital products are so common, is time running out for the 500yearold watch? According to some consumers, the answer is yes. New Jersey teenager Charlie Wollman says a watch is “an extra piece of equipment with no necessary function”. Many young adults think so and use their ‎ smartphones to tell time. It is said that fewer young people wear watches today than ten years ago. As a result, some people say that the watch industry is at a crossroads.‎ However, watchmakers optimistically say that watches redeem popularity when consumers reach their 20s and 30s. By then, they are willing to spend money on a quality watch that doesn’t just keep good time. Fifty years ago, watchmakers took pride in their products’ accuracy. But in recent years, the watch industry has changed itself into an accessory business. And today, the image a watch communicates has become more important than the time it tells.‎ ‎“Complications” — features that go beyond simple timekeeping — are an important part of a watch’s image. Today’s watches offer lots of features that meet almost any personality. These features include compasses, USB drivers, and even other functions that measure the effectiveness of golf swings!‎ Creativity also plays a key role in designing today’s watches. For example, Japanese watchmaker Tokyoflash makes watches that don’t even look like watches. The company’s popular Shinshoku model uses different color lights to tell time. It looks more like a fashionable bracelet than a watch.‎ Whether a watch communicates fashion sense, creative talent of a love sports, consumers want their watches to stand out. Nowadays, everyone has the same kind of gadget in their bags, so people want to make a statement with what’s on their wrists. Will this interest in wrist fashion last? Only time will tell!‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇 议论文。有人认为，现在有很多可显示时间的设备，因此手表将会退出历史舞台；而制表商则认为，他们的手表能满足人们的不同个性和需求，手表还会流行起来。‎ ‎1．What can we know from the first paragraph?‎ A．As most people see, watches are out of fashion.‎ B．The watch industry will close down sooner or later.‎ C．Some people feel that watches have been of no use.‎ D．There are so many choices of watches for teenagers today.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段第五句可知，有些人认为，手表已经没什么用了。故选C。‎ ‎2．The underlined word “redeem” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by “________”．‎ A．enlarge　　　　　　 　B．regain C．change D．win 解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据第二段内容可知，制表商们认为，消费者在二三十岁的时候，就会乐意花钱买一个不错的手表，因此他们对手表能重获消费者的青睐持乐观态度。由此可推知，“redeem”的意思应为“重获”，与regain的意思相近。故选B。‎ ‎3．Japanese watchmaker Tokyoflash is mentioned in Paragraph 4 to ________.‎ A．tell that today’s watches need more imagination B．show why Shinshoku watches are popular C．advertise Shinshoku watches made by Tokyoflash D．make a comparison between watches and bracelets 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第四段第二句中的“For example ...”可推知，作者提到日本的制表商Tokyoflash是为了说明在第一句中所表达的观点，即如今的手表需要更多的创造性和想象力。故选A。‎ ‎4．What might be the most suitable title for the passage?‎ A．Japanese Watches Stand Out B．Watches Tell More Than Time C．Watch Industry Is in a Bad Situation D．Watches Are Becoming Less Popular 解析：选B　标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要讲述的是：为了迎合时代的发展和人们的需求，现在的手表不仅能显示时间，还有一些新功能，比如有指南针和U盘接口等，制表商对手表的未来充满了信心。B项意为“手表不仅仅能显示时间”，体现了本文的中心，适合做标题。故选B。‎