高考英语一轮复习精讲精练学案系列选修8Unit2Cloning

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高考英语一轮复习精讲精练学案系列选修8Unit2Cloning

Unit 2 Cloning Ⅰ.重要单词聚焦 ‎1. vi. 不同;相异 ‎2. vt. 着手;从事;承担 ‎3. n. 突破 ‎4. vi. 反对;不赞成 ‎5. vt. 获得;赢得 ‎6. vt. 获得;到达(水平、年龄、状况等)‎ ‎7. vt. 禁止;不准 differ undertake breakthrough object obtain attain forbid ‎8. vt. 积累;聚积 ‎9. vt. 欠(账、钱、人情等);归功于……‎ ‎10. adv. 立刻;不久 ‎11. vi. 退休;离开 ‎12. vt.& vi. 打扰;操心 ‎13. n. 假定;设想 ‎14. n. 规则;规章;法规 ‎15. vi.& vt. 打;撞击;罢工 ‎16. adj. 虚荣的;自负的;徒劳的 ‎ Accumulate owe shortly retire bother assumption regulation strike vain ‎17. vt. 抵抗;对抗 ‎18. adv. 仅;只;不过 ‎19. n. 装饰 ‎20. vt. 崇拜;爱慕;喜爱 ‎21. adj. 合情理的;讲道理的;公道的 resist merely decoration adore reasonable Ⅱ.重要短语扫描 ‎1.pay 得到好结果;取得成功;偿清 ‎2.cast 沮丧;不愉快 ‎3.in of 赞成;支持 ‎4.(be) to (do)... 一定或注定(做)……‎ ‎5. ...into one’s heart 使……刻骨铭心 ‎6. time to time 不时;偶尔 ‎7.bring back to 使复生;使复活 ‎8.in 白费力气;枉费心机 off down favour bound strike from life vain ‎9.in good/poor 状况很好(坏);情况很好(坏)‎ ‎10.have a great on 对……有很大影响 condition impact Ⅲ.课文原句突破 ‎1.Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dolly’s illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal.‎ ‎[信息提取] be appropriate to (for) sth.适合于……的;适当的。‎ ‎[例句仿写] 你应当用一种适合你的文章主题的写作风格。‎ You should write it in a style which________ ________ ________ ________ ________.‎ ‎【答案】 is appropriate to your subject ‎2.Is it in favour of cloning or against it?‎ ‎[信息提取] in favour of赞成,支持。‎ ‎[例句仿写] 我对她讲了我们的计划,她表示赞同。‎ I have told her about our plan,and she________ ________ ________ ________ ________.‎ ‎【答案】 is in favour of it ‎3.Dolly’s death,like her birth,was bound to raise worries.‎ ‎[信息提取] be bound to肯定会。‎ ‎[例句仿写] 看看天,今天下午一定会下雨。‎ Look at the sky,________ ________ ________ ________this afternoon.‎ ‎【答案】 it’s bound to rain ‎4.Scientists believe human cloning is just a matter of time but the assumption that human clones have already been born hasn’t been proved yet.‎ ‎[信息提取] a matter of……的问题。‎ ‎[例句仿写] 你应该把这当成一回事,这是一个生死攸关的问题。‎ You should take it seriously.It’s________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.‎ ‎【答案】 a matter of life and death undertake (undertook,undertaken) vt.着手;从事;承担 ‎①They undertook a dangerous task.‎ 他们承担了一项危险任务。‎ ‎②He undertook to finish the job by Friday.‎ 他答应在星期五以前完成那工作。‎ ‎③I can undertake that you will enjoy the trip.‎ 我保证你会喜欢这次旅行。‎ ‎1.Who do you think is the right person to ______the task?‎ A.undergo B.undertake C.understand D.underline ‎【解析】 undertake the task表示“承担任务”为固定搭配,A、C、D均不与the task 构成有意义的词组。‎ ‎【答案】 B forbid (forbade/forbad;forbidden) vt.禁止 ‎(1)forbid sb./sth.‎ If you want to marry her,I won’t forbid you.‎ 如果你要娶她,我不会禁止你。‎ ‎(2)forbid doing sth.禁止做某事 The new law forbids smoking in offices.‎ 新法律禁止在办公室内抽烟。‎ ‎(3)forbid sb.to do sth.禁止做某事 Her father forbade her to go out alone.‎ 她父亲不许她单独外出。‎ My father forbade me to watch TV,which made me unhappy.‎ 我父亲禁止我看电视,这使我不高兴。‎ ‎2.(2007年江苏卷)—Can I smoke here?‎ ‎—Sorry.We don’t allow________here.‎ A.people smoking B.people smoke C.to smoke D.smoking ‎【解析】 句意为:——这里允许吸烟吗?——抱歉,这里不允许吸烟。allow允许,这个词的用法如下:allow sb.to do sth.;allow doing sth.。如:We don’t allow talking loudly in the hall.由此可知allow后有宾语时应用to do,而没有时用doing。‎ ‎【答案】 D ‎3.He was in poor health,so the doctor________him to drink wine.‎ A.hoped B.demanded C.forbade D.prevented ‎【解析】 由于身体差,医生禁止他喝酒,用forbid。‎ ‎【答案】 C object ‎ ‎(1)vi.不赞成,反对 We object to being treated like this.我们抗议这种待遇。‎ I objected that he was too young for the position.‎ 我提出反对意见他太年轻不适合这个职位。‎ ‎(2)n.物体,目标 His object of studying English is to know more about England and the English people.‎ 他学习英语的目的是更多地了解英国和英国人民。‎ objection n.反对;不赞成 have/take/make an objection to (doing) sth.对……表示反对 raise an objection to sth.对……提出异议 My main objection to the plan is that it costs too much.‎ 我反对该计划的主要理由是它费用太高。‎ ‎4.We________to punishing a whole group for one person’s fault.‎ A.complain B.object C.oppose D.resist ‎【解析】 考查动词辨析。句意为:我们反对因为一个人的过失而去惩罚所有的人。complain抱怨,悲叹,控诉;object反对;object to doing反对做……;oppose反对,使对立,使对抗;resist抵抗,反抗,忍得住。‎ ‎【答案】 B owe vt.‎ ‎(1)欠(钱、物、债等),后面通常跟直接宾语和间接宾语,即:owe sb.sth.或owe sth.to sb.。‎ Don’t forget you still owe 150 yuan to the wine shop.‎ 别忘了,你还欠酒店150元钱呢。‎ ‎(2)owe...to...把……归功于……‎ He owes his success to hard work and practice.‎ 他把他的成功归功于努力工作和实践。‎ If I have improved in any way,I owe it all to my teacher.‎ 如果说我有一些进步,这应该全部归功于我的老师。‎ ‎(3)owe亦可解释为“应当给予……”。‎ You owe me an apology.你得向我道歉。‎ We should do the duty which we owe to our country.‎ 我们应对国家尽我们应尽的义务。‎ ‎(1)owing to=because of因为,由于,后接名词、代词、动名词作宾语,构成介词短语,表原因。‎ Owing to the rain,they could not come.‎ 由于下雨,他们不能来了。‎ ‎(2)owe it to sb.that...‎ I owe it to you that I finished my work in time.‎ 多亏你帮忙,我才及时完成了工作。‎ ‎5.She owes her success________good luck more than ________ability.‎ A.to;and B.of;to C.to;to D.to;in ‎【解析】 本题意中owe的含义是“归功于”的意思,应与介词to连用。句中more than的意思是“而不是”,用做连词连接两个介词短语,句意为“她的成功是由于幸运,而不是由于有才干”。‎ ‎【答案】 C bother ‎(1)vt.打扰;vi.操心 ‎ I don’t want to bother you with my problems.‎ 我不想让你因为我的问题而担心。‎ Don’t bother Mary while she’s reading.‎ 玛丽读书的时候不要打扰她。‎ It bothers me that he hasn’t been telling me the truth.‎ 他一直没有对我讲真话,这让我很苦恼。‎ ‎(2)n.烦扰;令人烦恼的事或人 I hate to be a bother,but could I use your phone?‎ 给您添麻烦了,我可以用一下电话吗?‎ ‎6.I’m very sorry to have________you with so many questions on such an occasion.‎ A.attracted B.abstracted C.impressed D.bothered ‎【解析】 对不起,有这么多问题麻烦你。bother打扰,麻烦。‎ ‎【答案】 D pay off还清(债务等),付清,回报 I paid off all the debts after years of hard work.‎ 经过几年的艰苦劳动我还清了所有的债务。‎ All his efforts paid off at last.他所有努力最终有了回报。‎ 辨析:pay for,pay back 与pay off ‎(1)pay for表示“付……的钱”“因……而受惩罚”。‎ She paid 200 dollars for that ring.‎ 她买那个戒指花了两百美元。‎ ‎(2)pay back偿还;报复 Can you lend me £10?I’ll pay you back on Friday.‎ 你能借给我10英镑吗?我星期五就还你。‎ He paid me back by not coming.他不来,以此来报复我。 ‎ ‎(3)pay off意为“还清(债务)”“结算清薪水解雇”“成功”等。‎ It took them three years to pay off their debts.‎ 他们用了3年才还清了债务。‎ ‎7.—Li Feng won the first prize in the national English competition.‎ ‎—Oh,really?I’m glad that her efforts at last________.‎ A.worked out B.got back C.paid off D.turned out ‎【解析】 下句意为“我很高兴她的努力最后获得回报”。pay off(指冒风险的政策、做法等)带来好结果,成功,行得通。又如:The gamble paid off.赌赢了。‎ ‎【答案】 C in favour of赞成,支持 Are you in favour of cloning or against cloning?‎ 你赞成克隆行为还是反对克隆行为?‎ I spoke in favour of the plan.我发言赞同这项计划 ‎ Could you do me a favour and turn off the light?‎ 请帮忙把灯关掉好吗?‎ Could you do me the favour to pick up Sam from school today?‎ 今天你能帮我个忙去学校接萨姆吗?‎ ‎8.(2006年陕西卷)My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was________it.‎ A.in favour of B.in memory of C.in honour of D.in search of ‎【解析】 本题考查介词短语的辨析。此处while表示转折对比,against表示反对。故选用in favour of表示“赞成”。B表示“为纪念”;C表示“为了向……表示敬意”;D表示“寻找”,均不合题意。‎ ‎【答案】 A Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.‎ 接着传来了令人烦恼的消息——多莉得了重病。‎ ‎(1)表示方位、时间或方式的副词或介词短语,如:here,there,now,then,up,down,in,away,off,out,in the room,on the wall等置于句首时,句子倒装。‎ Look,here comes the bus.看,公共汽车来了。‎ Out rushed the children.孩子们冲了出去。‎ There goes the bell.铃响了。‎ ‎(2)本句中的news 与that Dolly bad become seriously ill是同位语关系。常见的后接同位语从句的抽象名词有:fact,news,hope,truth,idea,suggestion,thought,question,order,problem,belief,fear等。‎ He had no idea when she would come back.‎ 他不知道她何时会回来。‎ The thought that Lao Li would open a restaurant in New York surprised his wife.‎ 老李要在纽约开饭店的想法让他的妻子非常吃惊。‎ He got a message from Mr Johnson that the manager could not see him that afternoon.他从约翰逊先生那里得到消息,经理那天下午不能同他会面了。‎ ‎9.(2010届安徽合肥168中学月考)________all over the hills and around the lake are wild flowers of different kinds.‎ A.To grow B.Growing C.Grown D.Grow ‎【解析】 考查倒装句。为保持句子平衡,或使上下文衔接更紧,可把介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首,引起完全倒装。本题中把分词提到了句首。正常语序为:Wild flowers of different kinds are growing all over the hills and around the lake.‎ ‎【答案】 B ‎10.(2010届南京金陵中学月考)A warm thought suddenly came to me________I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.‎ A.if B.when C.that D.which ‎【解析】 that引导同位语从句,解释a warm thought的具体内容。that只起连接作用,但不能省略。‎ ‎【答案】 C Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1.Olympic basketball rules________(不同) slightly from the NBA rules.Instead of four periods,lasting 12 minutes each,there are two periods,lasting 20 minutes each.‎ ‎【答案】 differ ‎2.The 36storied building is one of the most challenging projects the construction company have ever ________(承担).‎ ‎【答案】 undertaken ‎3.My mother________(禁止) me to play computer games for a long time because she thinks they will ruin my study and future.‎ ‎【答案】 forbids ‎4.—Would it________(麻烦) you if I ask you a few questions?‎ ‎—Not at all.‎ ‎【答案】 bother ‎5.Some scientists put forward a(n)________(设想) that human beings can move to another planet in case the earth is not fit to live on some day.‎ ‎【答案】 assumption Ⅱ.巧思妙解 ‎1.One more day,________I’ll get everything ready.‎ A.or B.while C.and D.but ‎【解析】 考查特殊句式。此句是“祈使句/名词短语+and+简单句”句型,相当于“If I have one more day,I’ll get everything ready.”。‎ ‎【答案】 C ‎2.Share some of yours with those in great need and you ________a difference.‎ A.will make B.make C.made D.have made ‎【解析】 本句是“祈使句/名词短语+and+简单句”句型,根据所给语境可知简单句中的动作尚未发生,因此用一般将来时。‎ ‎【答案】 A ‎3.Follow your doctor’s advice,________your cough will get worse.‎ A.or B.and C.then D.so ‎【解析】 “祈使句+or+简单句”是一个常见的基本句式,意思是“干某事,否则就会……”。‎ ‎【答案】 A ‎4.Start out right away,________you’ll miss the first train.‎ A.and B.but C.or D.while ‎【解析】 此题考查“祈使句/名词短语+and/or+句子”这一句型。这一句型在高考中经常考查,要特别注意祈使句省略动词的情况:(Walk) one more step,and the little boy will fall ‎ into the well.‎ ‎【答案】 C ‎5.________and I’ll get the work finished.‎ A.Have one more hour ‎ B.One more hour C.Given one more hour ‎ D.If I have one more hour ‎ ‎【解析】 句意为:“再有一小时,我将完成工作”。此题考查“祈使句+and句式”。‎ ‎【答案】 B Ⅲ.情景交际 ‎1.(2010届重庆一中期中测试)—Can you accompany your little brother to the post office now?‎ ‎—________,if he is ready.‎ A.By all means B.No way C.My pleasure D.In no case ‎【解析】 考查交际用语。by all means可以,当然可以。no way决不;my pleasure不客气,很荣幸,回答他人道谢时的用语;in no case决不,无论如何不。‎ ‎【答案】 A ‎2.(2010届山西实验中学月考)—You must have had a good time at the party last night,didn’t you?‎ ‎—________.Actually,it was a bit boring.‎ A.Oh,great B.I suppose so C.Not really D.That’s OK ‎【解析】 考查交际用语。依据下文的“事实上,晚会有点乏味”可知,C选项符合题意。‎ ‎【答案】 C ‎3.(2010届淄博检测)—I’ve got the invitation to your school,Mr Johnson.‎ ‎—Oh,good.________.‎ A.How do you like it? ‎ ‎ B.Have you read it?‎ C.Can you come?‎ ‎ D.May I help you?‎ ‎【解析】 考查交际用语。根据“I’ve got the invitation to your school” 可知,答语应该为“你来吗?”‎ ‎【答案】 C ‎4.(2010届绵阳中学月考)—Tom,I’m sorry to say that I can’t go to watch tonight’s match with you,for I have to prepare for the coming exam.‎ ‎—________Have some fun!‎ A.Don’t have too many irons in the fire.‎ B.Don’t be a wet blanket.‎ C.Don’t put the cart before the horse.‎ D.Don’t pull my leg.‎ ‎【解析】 Don’t be a wet blanket意思是:别这么让人扫兴。句意为:——汤姆,对不起,我今天晚上不能和你一起去看比赛了,因为我要为即将到来的考试做准备。——别这么令人扫兴,玩吧!A项意为“别揽太多事”;C项意为“本末倒置”;D项意为“别开我玩笑了”。‎ ‎【答案】 B ‎5.(2010届济宁检测)—How do you find the new book by J.K.Rowling?‎ ‎—________.I guess she is out of her talent.‎ A.With the help of my mother B.By accident C.Very boring D.In the library ‎【解析】 “How do you find...”表示“你认为……怎么样”,因此只有very boring符合题意。‎ ‎【答案】 C Ⅳ.语法专练 本单元语法—同位语从句 ‎1.(2010届南昌二中月考)A few years ago the belief became general________orange juice and milk should never be drunk at the same meal.‎ A.which B.that C.and that D.what ‎【解析】 that引导同位语从句,解释说明先行词the belief。这句话把同位语从句放在了谓语动词之后,是为了平衡句子,免得头重脚轻。‎ ‎【答案】 B ‎2.(2010届江苏常州教学质量调研)There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars________road conditions need________.‎ A.that;to be improved ‎ ‎ B.which;to be improved C.where;improving ‎ D.when;improving ‎【解析】 第一空处为that引导的同位语从句;need后面要接to be done或doing表示被动。因此A项正确。‎ ‎【答案】 A ‎3.(2009年潍坊市高三第二次质检)There are signs________reading classics is becoming more popular with students.‎ A.which B.that C.whether D.when ‎【解析】 考查同位语从句的判断及用法。reading classics is becoming more popular with students是叙述的一件事情,作signs的同位语,用以解释它的内容,故选that。‎ ‎【答案】 B ‎4.(2009年南通市高三第一次调研测试)Nobody would stand out admitting the fact,for some reason,________they lost the game.‎ A.that B.which C.what D.why ‎【解析】 同位语从句。they lost the game作the fact的同位语,用以解释the fact的内容,故用that引导。‎ ‎【答案】 A ‎5.(2009年南京市高三年级质量调研)The news came,as expected,________my cousin was chosen to be a foreign aid doctor to go to Africa where people are suffering a lot from AIDS.‎ A.it B.that C.what D.which ‎【解析】 本题考查同位语。that引导的同位语从句解释news的内容。‎ ‎【答案】 B
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