2012高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案（4）

2012高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案（4）

‎2012高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案（4） ‎ Passage Nine(Holmes’ Knowledge)‎ His ignorance was as remarkable as his knowledge. Of contemporary literature, philosophy and politics he appeared to know next to nothing. Upon my quoting Thomas Carlyle, he inquired in the naivest way who he might be and what he had done. My surprise reached a climax, however, when I found incidentally that he was ignorant of the Copernican Theory and of the composition of the Solar system.‎ ‎  “You appear to be astonished, ” Holmes said, smiling at my expression. “Now that I do know it I shall do my best to forget it. You see, I consider that a man’s brain originally is like a little empty attic, and you have to stock it with such furniture as you choose: A fool takes in all the lumber of every sort that he comes across, so that the knowledge which might be useful to him gets crowded out, or at best jumbled up with a lot of other things, so that he has difficulty in laying his hand upon it. It is a mistake to think that the little room has elastic walls and can distend to any extent. Depend upon it, there comes a time when for every addition of knowledge you forget something that you know before. It is of the highest importance, therefore, not to have useless facts elbowing out the useful ones.”‎ ‎  “But the Solar System! ” I protested.‎ ‎  “What the deuce is it to me?” he interrupted impatiently.‎ ‎  One morning, I picked up a magazine from the table and attempted to while away the time with it, while my companion munched silently at his toast. One of the articles had a pencil mark at the heading, and I naturally began to run my eye through it.‎ ‎  Its somewhat ambitious title was “The Book of Life, ” and it attempted to show how much an observant man might learn by an accurate and systematic examination of all that came in his way. It struck me as being a remarkable mixture of shrewdness and of absurdity. The reasoning was close and intense, but the deduction appeared to me to be far-fetched and exaggerated. The writer claimed by a momentary expression, a twitch of a muscle or a glance of an eye, to fathom a man’s inmost thought. Deceit, according to him, was impossibility in the case of one trained to observation and analysis. His conclusions were as infallible as so many propositions of Euclid. So startling would his results appear to the uninitiated that until they learned the processes by which ‎ he had arrived at them they might well consider him as a necromancer.‎ ‎  “From a drop of water, ”said the writer, “a logician could infer the possibility of an Atlantic. So all life is a great chain, the nature of which is known whenever we are shown a single link of it. Like all other arts, the science of Deduction and Analysis is one which can be acquired by long and patient study, nor is life long enough to allow any mortal to attain the highest possible perfection in it. ”‎ ‎  This smartly written piece of theory I could not accept until a succession of evidences justified it.‎ ‎1.What is the author’s attitude toward Holmes?‎ ‎[A]Praising.‎ Critical.‎ ‎[C]Ironical.‎ ‎[D]Distaste.‎ ‎2.What way did the author take to stick out Holmes’ uniqueness?‎ ‎[A]By deduction.‎ By explanation.‎ ‎[C]By contrast.‎ ‎[D]By analysis.‎ ‎3.What was the Holmes’ idea about knowledge-learning?‎ ‎[A]Learning what every body learned.‎ Learning what was useful to you.‎ ‎[C]Learning whatever you came across.‎ ‎[D]Learning what was different to you.‎ ‎4.What did the article mentioned in the passage talk about?‎ ‎[A]One may master the way of reasoning through observation.‎ One may become rather critical through observation and analysis.‎ ‎[C]One may become rather sharp through observation and analysis.‎ ‎[D]One may become practical through observation and analysis.‎ Vocabulary ‎1.Thomas Carlyle           托马斯•卡莱尔 1795-1881美国作家、历史家、哲学家 ‎2.jumble (up)           搞乱，使混乱 ‎3.lay hand on (upon) sth.  抓住，找到 ‎4.at best                  最好的情况下 ‎5.elbow out (off)           用胳膊肘挤出，推出 ‎6.deuce = devil          what the deuce is it to me?     ‎ ‎                         这里表示福尔摩斯的厌恶心理。‎ ‎                         义：这倒霉的词儿与我有什么关系？            ‎ ‎7.while away the time          消磨/打发时间 ‎8.shrewdness          机敏，敏锐，犀利 ‎9.far-fetched          牵强附会，不自然 ‎10.fathom                看穿/透，推测，探索 ‎11.infallible          一贯正确 ‎12.uninitiated         对某事无知的 ‎13.Euclid               欧几里德（古希腊数学家）‎ ‎14.necromancer         巫师 难句译注 ‎1.A fool takes in all the lumber of every sort that he comes across, so that the knowledge which might be useful to him gets crowded out, or at best jumbled up with a lot of other things, so that he has difficulty in laying his hand upon it.‎ ‎【结构简析】主从句结构，主句A fool … 后跟lumber的定从that he comes across。从句so that 中有一knowledge的定从which; or链接前后两个分词crowded out 与jumbled up;但第一个so that 从句又是后面so that 的主句。‎ ‎【参考译文】蠢人把他碰到的每种木材（制家具）都拿进来。这样，可能对他有用的知识都被挤出去；最好的情况下，也是和其他种种事情混在一起，所以他就很难抓住知识。‎ ‎2.Its somewhat ambitious title was “The Book of Life, ” and it attempted to show how much an ‎ observant man might learn by an accurate and systematic examination of all that came in his way.‎ ‎【结构简析】并列句，连词and后的句中有宾从how much…。‎ ‎【参考译文】这片文章稍有炫耀的标题是“生命之书”。它想证明一个善于观察的人通过对他经历到的一切事情都进行真正地系统地考察可以学到多少东西。‎ ‎3.So startling would his results appear to the uninitiated that until they learned the processes by which he had arrived at them they might well consider him as a necromancer.‎ ‎【结构简析】复合主从句，so that句型。So句是倒装。正常句型应为：His results would appear so startling to the uninitiated that…，that句中又是主从句，从句用until连接，中插by which定语从句修饰 the processes。‎ ‎【参考译文】他的结论对无知的人来说是那么惊人，所以他们很可能认为他是个巫师，除非他们学会了他用以得出结论的过程。‎ ‎4.Like all other arts, the Science of Deduction and Analysis is one which can be acquired by long and patient study, nor is life long enough to allow any mortal to attain the highest possible perfection in it.‎ ‎【结构简析】并列句，nor连接。前一句中有定语从句which修饰one，后一句nor为否定词。‎ ‎【参考译文】像所有的其他艺术一样，演绎分析科学是一种通过长期默默的研究，可以习得的学问，而我们的生命并不长得足以使任何凡人都能在这一领域取得可能是臻美的成就。‎ 写作方法与文章大意 这是一篇“传记”，作者采用以反衬正的对比手法写出了福尔摩斯之惊人才华。第一句话开明宗旨“他的无知和他的有知一样卓越惊人”，接着就是种种无知，达到突出其有知的成就。两方面表达，一是福尔摩斯对无知的解释：不能照单全收；二是作者的反对见解衬托福之才华超人，能一滴水见大海。‎ 答案详解 ‎1.A 赞扬。作者以无知烘托人物之有知，以他本人的反对批评观点来证明人物的正确。否定及所谓机刺旨在铺垫。正反对比赞扬福之精明强悍，才智超人，洞察力强。‎ ‎2.C 作者采用对比手法。‎ ‎3.B 学习对你有用之物。第二段福之表白，他把头脑比作一个小小的空屋，不能随意选择家具（知识）塞满空间，应选择“有用之才”，免得填满了废物，把有用之才挤出去。‎ ‎4.C 通过观察和分析人会变得很敏锐。最后二段都是讲福所写文章的内容。善于观察和分析的人可以一眼看透人之本质，一点水能知大西洋。这种一叶知秋的本领是通过长期观察、分析研究而得。也就是说，通过观察分析，人可以变得敏感聪慧，因为万物都有联系。‎ Passage ten(Antinuclear Demonstration)‎ Police fired tear gas and arrested more than 5,000 passively resisting protestors Friday in an attempt to break up the largest antinuclear demonstration ever staged in the United States. More than 135,000 demonstrators confronted police on the construction site of a 1,000-megawatt nuclear power plant scheduled to provide power to most of southern New Hampshire. Organizers of the huge demonstration said, the protest was continuing despite the police actions. More demonstrators were arriving to keep up the pressure on state authorities to cancel the project. The demonstrator had charged that the project was unsafe in the densely populated area, would create thermal pollution in the bay, and had no acceptable means for disposing of its radioactive wasters. The demonstrations would go on until the jails and the courts were so overloaded that the state judicial system would collapse.‎ Governor Stanforth Thumper insisted that there would be no reconsideration of the power project and no delay in its construction set for completion in three years. “This project will begin on time and the people of this state will begin to receive its benefits on schedule. Those who break the law in misguided attempts to sabotage the project will be dealt with according to the law,” he said. And police called in reinforcements from all over the state to handle the disturbances.‎ The protests began before dawn Friday when several thousand demonstrators broke through police lines around the cordoned-off construction site. They carried placards that read “No Nukes is Good Nukes,” “Sunpower, Not Nuclear Power,” and “Stop Private Profits from Public Peril.” They defied police order to move from the area. Tear gas canisters fired by police failed to dislodge the protestors who had come prepared with their own gas masks or facecloths. Finally gas-masked and helmeted police charged into the crowd to drag off the demonstrators one by one. The protestors did not resist police, but refused to walk away under their own power. Those ‎ arrested would be charged with unlawful assembly, trespassing, and disturbing the peace.‎ ‎1.What were the demonstrators protesting about?‎ ‎[A] Private profits.‎ Nuclear Power Station.‎ ‎[C] The project of nuclear power construction.‎ ‎[D] Public peril.‎ ‎2.Who had gas-masks?‎ ‎[A] Everybody.‎ A part of the protestors.‎ ‎[C] Policemen.‎ ‎[D] Both B and C.‎ ‎3.Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a reason for the demonstration?‎ ‎[A] Public transportation.‎ Public peril.‎ ‎[C] Pollution.‎ ‎[D] Disposal of wastes.‎ ‎4.With whom were the jails and courts overloaded?‎ ‎[A] With prisoners.‎ With arrested demonstrators.‎ ‎[C] With criminals.‎ ‎[D] With protestors.‎ ‎5.What is the attitude of Governor Stanforth Thumper toward the power project and the demonstration?‎ ‎[A] stubborn.‎ insistent.‎ ‎[C] insolvable.‎ ‎[D] remissible.‎ Vocabulary ‎1.tear gas                  瓦斯 ‎2.passively resisting protestor      不抵抗的抗议者 ‎3.stage                  发起，举行，上演 ‎4.break up                       驱散，终止 ‎5.cordon                  警戒线，警戒 ‎6.nuke                  （美俚）核武器，核电站 ‎7.defy                  公然蔑视/反抗 ‎8.canister            罐，筒，榴霰弹筒 ‎9.islodge                  赶走 ‎10.charge                  冲锋，向前冲 ‎11.trespass            非法侵入，扰乱 难句译注 ‎1.Police fired tear gas and arrested more than 5,000 passively resisting protestors Friday in an attempt to break up the largest antinuclear demonstration ever staged in the United States.‎ ‎【结构简析】句中间用in an attempt介词短语和staged分词使句子变长。Staged修饰demonstration。‎ ‎【参考译文】星期五，再制止美国举行过的最大的反核示威游行中，警方发放了催泪瓦斯，逮捕了5000多不拒捕的抗议者，企图解散游行队伍。‎ ‎2.      The protests began before dawn Friday when several thousand demonstrators broke through police lines around the cordoned-off construction site.‎ ‎【结构简析】主从句。‎ ‎【参考译文】星期五拂晓之前，当好几千名示威者冲破警戒再核建设基地周围的警察封锁线时，抗议示威开始了。‎ 写作方法与文章大意这是一则有关反对核电站的群众示威抗议的新闻导报，采用对比手法。警方镇压；群众坚决抗议。第一段就写出了尽管警方释放催泪瓦斯，逮捕了5000多人，示威组织者申明抗议要继续下去，越来越多的抗议者参与对当局加压，想迫使其废除在当地建立核电站的计划。其理由是在人口密集地区建站不安全，在海湾产生热污染，核废料处理无有效方法。‎ 第二段叙述了州长大人坚决维护核电站的立场，不再考虑计划修改问题，三年内要完成核电站建设。届时，本州人民得益。对企图破坏计划实施而违法的人将以法处置。已集结全州警察加强对付这次捣乱。‎ 第三段讲了双方现场交战：星期五破晓，数千示威者（高举示威牌，上写：没有核电站就是好的核电站；不要核能，要太阳能等）冲过建设基地警察警戒线，警察用催泪瓦斯无效后，开始一个一个地抓逮示威者，被捕者将被控以非法集会、侵入和扰乱治安等罪名。‎ 答案详解 ‎1.C 抗议建设核电站计划。不是抗议核电站。至于 B. 核电站还未建，所以不对。A. 私人利益 和 D. 公共危险，这些都是示威牌上之口号不是抗议的主攻方向。‎ ‎2.D 双方。 最后一段第四行最后和第五行“抗议者准备了他们自己的防毒面具或面罩。最后，头戴防毒面具和头盔的警察冲进人群一个一个地抓逮示威者。”所以说两方面都有防毒面具。‎ ‎3.A 公共交通运输。‎ B. 公共危险。 C. 污染。 D. 废料处理，是三个抗议的理由。‎ ‎4.B 被逮捕的示威者。第一段最后一行“示威要继续下去直到州监牢和州法庭人满为患，从而使州司法体系垮台。”说明示威者准备去坐牢，决不服输的决心。而人多到监牢装不下证明州司法的问题。所以这里只能是被抓的示威者。‎ A. 犯人。 C. 罪犯。D.抗议者。警察不可能抓所有的抗议者。关在牢里的只能是被抓的示威者。‎ ‎5.A 固执己见，冥顽不化。见第二段他坚持说核电站计划不用再考虑，三年内一定要建成，计划准时开始，本州人民到时候就能获益。对这些违法企图破坏计划的人依法惩处。并且从州内各处调集警察来处理这次“骚乱”。从语言到行动都说明，这位州长固执己见，顽固得很。‎ B. 坚持的。 C. 不能解决的。 D. 可宽恕的。‎