2018届北师大版一轮复习选修7Unit21　HumanBiology学案

2018届北师大版一轮复习选修7Unit21　HumanBiology学案

Unit 21　Human Biology Ⅰ.写作单词——会拼写 ‎1．doubtful adj. 怀疑的，不肯定的 ‎2．seek vt. 寻找 ‎3．emotion n. 情感，情绪 ‎4．entry n. 进入；入学 ‎5．treat v. 款待 ‎6．rebuild vt. 重建 ‎7．routine n. 常规；惯例 ‎8．teamwork n. 协作；配合 ‎9．weekly adj. 每周一次的 ‎10．deadline n. 截止日期，最后日期 ‎11．tolerate vt. 容忍 ‎→tolerant adj. 宽容的；容忍的 ‎→tolerance n. 容忍 ‎12．oppose vt. 反对 ‎→opposite adj. 相反的 ‎→opposition n. 相反 ‎13．privilege n. 特权；优惠，优待 ‎→privileged adj. 荣幸的 ‎14．try v. 试验 ‎ ‎ n. 尝试 ‎→trial n. 实验 ‎15．prohibit vt. 禁止 ‎→prohibition n. 禁止；禁令 ‎16．unite vt. 联合；团结；统一 ‎→union n. 团结 ‎→united adj. 团结的 ‎17．faith n. 信心 ‎→faithful adj. 忠诚的，忠实的；正确的，可靠的 ‎18．equip vt. 使有准备 ‎→equipment n. 装备；设备 ‎19．fortune n. 大笔钱财，巨款 ‎→fortunate adj. 幸运的 ‎→misfortune n. 不幸 ‎20．concern n. 担心；担忧 ‎→concerned adj. 关心的，牵挂的；有关的 ‎→concerning prep. 关于 Ⅱ.阅读单词——要识记 ‎21．interval n． 间隔；间歇 ‎22．enhance vt. 增强；提高 ‎23．fundamental adj. 根本的，基础的 ‎24．compulsory adj. 强制性的，义务的 ‎25．controversial adj. 有争议的 ‎26．contradict vt. 与(其他事物)相矛盾 ‎27．ample adj. 充足的，充裕的 ‎28．postpone vt. 推迟，延期 ‎29．symptom n. 症状 ‎30．temporary adj. 临时的；短暂的 高频短语——会默写 ‎1．in vain 徒然，白费力气 ‎2．at random 随便地，随意地 ‎3．at all costs 不管多大代价；无论如何 ‎4．straight away 立刻，马上 ‎5．wipe out 彻底毁灭 ‎6．stop sth. in its tracks 终止；消灭 ‎7．rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物 ‎8．at any rate 无论如何；至少 ‎9．get down to 开始做 ‎10．bring up 教育；抚养；呕吐 ‎11．get through 通过(考试)；完成 ‎12．clear up 整理；解释；澄清；放晴 ‎13．put off 推迟；延期 ‎14．miss out 遗漏；遗忘；错过机会 ‎15．focus on 聚焦；集中；对准 教材原句——会背诵 句式仿写——能应用 ‎1.It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.(It is＋adj.＋for sb.＋to do...句型。)‎ ‎1.他这次或许能通过驾照考试。‎ It is possible for him to pass the driving test this time.‎ ‎2.The Olympic spirit—the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning—has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.(rather than并列连词，表示“而不是”。)‎ ‎2.作为学生，我们应当通过努力学习而非考试作弊来取得好成绩。‎ As students，we should try to get good results by studying hard rather than cheating in exams.‎ ‎3.Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months，with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old，the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most acute epidemic in history.(“Sb./Sth. be believed to...”意为“某人或某物被认为……”。)‎ ‎3.据说这本书已被翻译成了好几种外国语言。‎ The book is said to have been translated into several foreign languages.‎ 精讲6个考纲单词 ‎ seek(sought，sought)vt.寻找；寻求；追求；探求；探索；试图 ‎[高考佳句]　Clearly and thoughtfully written，the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.(2014年天津高考·单项填空)写得既清楚又有思想，这本书在那些希望寻求自己的答案的学生中激发了自信心。‎ seek sth. from sb. 向某人请求/寻求某物 seek (after/for) sb./sth. 追求/ 寻找某人/某物 seek one's fortune 寻找成功(致富)的机会 seek out 找出；寻出 seek to do sth. 试图做某事 ‎①Many people spend years seeking for peace of mind，often with little success.很多人年复一年地寻求心灵的平静，却很难如愿以偿。‎ ‎②Half an hour later，he sought out his friend in the crowd.半小时后，他在人群中找到了他的朋友。‎ ‎③He went to seek his fortune to America last year.‎ 去年他去了美国去寻找致富之路。‎ ‎ oppose vt.&vi.反对；反抗 ‎[教材原句]　Genetherapy is very controversial and many people oppose further research into it.‎ 基因疗法存在很大的争议，许多人反对进一步研究。‎ ‎(1)opposed adj. 相反的；对立的 be opposed to (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事；与(做)某事对立 ‎(2)oppose doing sth. 反对做某事 oppose sb.'s doing sth. 反对某人做某事 ‎①Most of the students oppose having classes on Sundays.大部分学生反对星期天上课。‎ ‎②I have been consistently opposed to feeding (feed) a baby regularly.‎ 我一贯反对按时定期地喂养婴儿。‎ ‎ prohibit v．(尤指以法令)禁止；阻止 ‎[教材原句]　Since the SARS epidemic ended，scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prohibit any future outbreaks.‎ 自从SARS流行病结束以来，科学家们一直在对治疗进行反复试验以阻止任何未来疫情的突然爆发。‎ ‎(1)prohibit doing sth. 禁止/阻止做某事 prohibit sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事 prohibit (one's) doing sth. 禁止(某人)做某事 ‎(2)prohibition n. [U]禁止；[C]禁令 a prohibition against/on ……的禁令 ‎①Visitors are prohibited from feeding the animals.‎ 禁止游客喂食动物。‎ ‎②It was the bad weather that prohibited their going (go) to the science museum.‎ 是糟糕的天气阻止了他们去参观科学博物馆。‎ ‎③They voted in favor of the prohibition (prohibit) of smoking in public areas.他们投票赞成在公共场合禁止吸烟。 【导学号：34802155】‎ ‎ decline v．衰落，减少；下降；婉言谢绝 n．衰落，衰败；减少，下降 ‎[高考佳句]　Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children.(2016年江苏高考·阅读理解B)‎ 甚至猩猩妈妈也经常拒绝与孩子分享食物。‎ ‎(1)decline to do 拒绝做……‎ ‎(2)a decline in 在……方面下降 in decline/on the decline 在衰退中，走下坡路 fall/go into a decline 开始衰落；陷入衰退 ‎①The number of people who run the red light is on the decline since the new traffic regulations came into effect.‎ 自从新的交通法规实施以来，闯红灯的人数下降了。‎ ‎②The intense competition from overseas has caused the cotton industry to fall into a decline.‎ 来自海外的激烈竞争导致国内棉花产业的衰退。‎ ‎ equip vt.使有准备；配备；装备 ‎[经典例句]　The boys equipped themselves with torches and rope，and set off.(牛津词典)‎ 男孩们带上火把和绳索出发了。‎ ‎(1)equipment n． [U]设备，设施 a piece of equipment 一件设备 ‎(2)equip...with... 用……装备……‎ equip...for sth./to do sth. 为了……而装备……‎ be equipped for/to do sth. 为……装备好；做好准备 ‎①His work experience equipped him to deal with all kinds of people.‎ 他的工作经验使他能与各种各样的人打交道。‎ ‎②He is equipped with much experience in teaching.‎ 他具有丰富的教学经验。 【导学号：34802156】‎ ‎③My mother bought a useful piece of equipment (equip) for the kitchen yesterday.‎ 昨天，妈妈买了一件有用的厨房设备。‎ ‎ submit vt.提交；递交 vi.服从，屈服 ‎[教材原句]　You were supposed to submit it on the 14th June.你本应该在6月14日提交它(文章)。‎ submit...to... 把……提交给……；向……提出 submit sb./oneself to 使某人/自己甘受/服从 submit to 服从于，屈服于 ‎①In desperation，Mrs.Jones submitted to an operation on her right knee to relieve the pain.‎ 绝望之际，琼斯夫人只好同意在其右膝上做手术以减轻疼痛。‎ ‎②I have asked that his proposal be submitted to a special committee.‎ 我已经要求他的建议要提交给一个专门的委员会。‎ ‎[名师点津]　在submit...to...中，submit是及物动词，意为“呈交”；而在submit ‎ to中，submit是不及物动词，意为“服从”。‎ ‎[链接写作]　一句多译 战败的人们不得不服从新的统治者。 【导学号：34802157】‎ ‎①The people had to submit themselves to the new rulers when they lost the war.‎ ‎②The people had to submit to the new rulers when they lost the war.‎ ‎③The people had to give in to the new rulers when they lost the war.‎ 诠释2个核心短语 ‎ at all costs不惜代价地，无论如何 ‎[教材原句]　The Olympic spirit—the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning—has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.人们不惜任何代价来获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。‎ ‎(1)at the cost/expense of... 以……为代价 at a cost of... 以……的费用/价格 at any cost 以任何代价 ‎(2)cost sb. sth. 花某人某物，使某人付出/丧失 ‎①We must cherish experience acquired at the cost of our own blood.‎ 用我们自己的心血换来的经验我们必须珍惜。‎ ‎②The new building's going up at a cost of $82 million.修建这座新大楼要花费8 200万美元。‎ ‎③We are determined to obtain our rights at any cost.我们决定要不惜一切代价获取我们的权利。‎ ‎ wipe out彻底毁灭；全部摧毁 ‎[教材原句]　Epidemics can wipe out up to half of the population in urban areas.‎ 流行病可以毁灭居住在城市的多达一半的人口。‎ wipe away 擦掉，清除掉 wipe sth.off/from ... 从……上擦去某物 wipe down/up 彻底揩/擦干净 ‎①I hastily wiped down/up the milk I had spilled.‎ 我连忙把洒出来的牛奶擦干净。‎ ‎②Your arms are my castle；your heart is my sky.They wipe off tears that I cry.‎ 你的手臂就是我的城堡，你的心就是我的天空。他们擦去我哭泣的眼泪。 ‎ ‎【导学号：34802158】‎ 突破3个高考句型 ‎ (教材P34)In the future，athletes who have their genes changed might be able to do the 100 metres dash in just 8 seconds or the marathon in less than two hours.‎ 在将来，那些经过基因改变的运动员有可能在8秒内跑完100米或在不到两小时内跑完马拉松。‎ have sth.done中过去分词作宾补，表示被动的含义，有时也可用get sth.done来替换，该结构的意思是“使某事被做”，有时翻译成“请人做某事”或“主语遭遇到某事”。‎ ‎(1)have sb.do sth.让某人做某事 ‎(2)have sb./sth.doing sth.让某人一直做某事(某事处于某种状态)；用于否定句，have表示“容忍，容许”之意。‎ ‎(3)have sth.to do有事要做，have意为“有”。‎ ‎①I usually have my clothes washed on Sundays，but I don't wash my clothes myself.‎ 我通常在星期天洗衣服，但不是自己洗。‎ ‎②We had the machine mended (mend) just now.‎ 我们刚才请人把机器修好了。‎ ‎③You'd better have your car running (run) slowly.‎ 你最好把车子开慢点。 ‎ ‎ (教材P34)It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.获胜者要强制性地进行检查，而其他参与者只是随意地检查。‎ It is compulsory for...为“It is＋adj./n.＋for sb. to do...”结构，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式短语。‎ ‎(1)此结构中for前面的形容词是指事物怎么样，如impossible，important等。‎ ‎(2)It is＋adj.＋of sb. to do...中of前面的形容词是指人的性质或特征，如nice，kind等。‎ ‎①It's important for you to arrive there on time.‎ 重要的是你们能准时到达那儿。‎ ‎②It is careless of Kate to lose so many things.‎ 凯特丢了这么多东西，真是太粗心了。‎ ‎[链接写作]　句式升级 ‎①Tom drove after drinking wine.It was dangerous.‎ ‎→It is dangerous for Tom to drive after drinking wine.(it作形式主语)‎ ‎②It is possible for him to find his lost key.‎ ‎→It is possible that he will find his lost key. (改为含有that从句的复合句)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ (教材P34)The Olympic spirit—the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning—has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.‎ 人们不惜任何代价来获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。‎ rather than为并列连词，表示选择，意为“而不是”，这一表达方式通常用在平行结构中，连接相同的句子成分，即rather than前后两部分在成分和形式上应该一致。‎ ‎(1)rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。‎ ‎(2)rather than常用于下列结构中，表示“宁愿做……而不愿做……”。‎ prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.‎ ‎＝prefer doing sth. to doing sth.‎ ‎＝would do sth. rather than do sth.‎ ‎①If you are one of them，I would say the only way to change things is by doing rather than complaining.如果你是他们中的一员，我想说改变事情的唯一方法是 行动，而不是抱怨。‎ ‎②We must do good rather than evil，on however humble a scale.‎ ‎(谚)勿因善小而不为，勿因恶小而为之。‎ ‎③Mary，rather than you，is(be) responsible for the work.‎ 是玛丽而不是你应对这项工作负责。‎ ‎④I prefer to die rather than give in to him.‎ ‎＝I prefer dying to giving in (give in) to him.‎ ‎＝I would die rather than give in to him.‎ 我宁死也不向他屈服。 【导学号：34802159】‎ ‎[多角快练]——练单词 练短语 练句型—————————————‎ 基础考点全面练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．It's possible him to open a new company of his own.‎ ‎2．They always look for excuses to postpone (do) something.‎ ‎3．If Bob (come) here yesterday，he could have seen Jackie Chan. ‎ ‎【导学号：34802160】‎ ‎4．I could (work) out the problem，but I was too nervous.‎ ‎5．—Excuse me，where is the nearest bank?‎ ‎—Go straight ahead；you miss it，which is a huge building.‎ ‎6．Please don't spit or throw rubbish everywhere random.‎ ‎7． (rob) of her gold necklace，which is meaningful to her，she became unhappy.‎ ‎8．Nobody can tolerate (cheat)，and that's why he has no friend.‎ ‎【答案】　1.for　2.doing　3.had come　4.have worked　5.can't　6.at　7.Robbed　8.being cheated Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．It was reported that all children had physically and emotionally abused.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2．I always have faith he will come to our party in person.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3．They are urgently seeking out the posts where they are well paid.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4．No matter how hard the situation is，you should not lose your heart. ‎ ‎【导学号：34802161】‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5．Tom，rather than you，are responsible for the task.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎6．It is nice for you to give us so much help.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎7．He made fortune in his business trade last year.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎8．Thankfully，this is a disease that is now in the decline.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】　1.had后加been　2.faith后加that　3.out→after/for　4.去掉your　5.are→is　6.for→of　7.made后加a　8.in→on 重难考点多维练 ‎1．oppose多棱镜 ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①She is very much opposed the change of the plan.‎ ‎②He opposed (build) a new building in this area，for there are some rare plants near here.‎ ‎【答案】　①to　②building ‎(2)单句改错 ‎③We are all opposed to get my father to go abroad.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎④Why did you object my suggestion?‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】　③get→getting　④object后加to ‎2．prohibit点点练 ‎(1)介词填空 ‎①The environmental group is demanding a complete prohibition the ‎ hunting of whales.‎ ‎②Meanwhile，the Dutch will prohibit tourists buying drugs in their famous coffee shops.‎ ‎【答案】　①against/on　②from ‎(2)根据汉语提示完成句子 ‎③Nuclear powers (被禁止出售) this technology.‎ ‎④It is my father that (不允许我上大学). ‎ ‎【导学号：34802162】‎ ‎【答案】　③are prohibited from selling　④prohibited my going to college Ⅰ.课文语法填空 请根据教材Lesson 1的课文内容，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Now “cheating” is used not only in exams but also in sports or games.When ‎ 1. (refer) to “cheating” in the games，we come 2. the issue of performanceenhancing drugs.‎ These drugs are originally developed to help people with illnesses，but now they also create supreme athletes 3. (make) them faster and stronger than is normal for human beings.Taking these drugs is known as “doping”，4. can cause serious health problems in later life for those who abuse them，but some athletes seek to achieve beyond their 5. (nature) limits and are prepared to cheat to do so.The sports world doesn't tolerate doping 6. it is a fundamental form of cheating.To our surprise，some athletes，7. (include) some worldrecord keepers or breakers violated the rule.8. (fortunate)，it is not easy to catch athletes 9. (use) illegal drugs.10. we are careful，“genetherapy” will be the next big threat.‎ ‎【答案】　1.referring　2.across　3.making　4.which　5.natural　6.as　7.including　8.Unfortunately　9.using　10.Unless Ⅱ.课文短文改错 请根据Lesson 3的课文内容，对下面的材料进行修改。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ No one really knows much about SARS as it was complete new.This meant that there were no prescription drugs or tablets to treat it and doctors were not sure how to prevent it too.Since most people had no nature defences against the disease，it was also harmful to the doctors and nurses treated SARS patients.‎ ‎...‎ Meanwhile，governments worldwide has also underlined the fact which thorough and systematic medical research on Bird Flu needs to lead to a cure as soon as possible.Countries will need to work together do this as the SARS epidemic proved how teamwork among nations can save lives.With all the international effort being made，we have to have faith that there will be solutions in the time to stop a Bird Flu epidemic in it's tracks.‎ ‎【答案】　No one really much about SARS as it was new.This meant that there were no prescription drugs or tablets to treat it and doctors were not sure how to prevent it .Since most people had no defences against the disease，it was also harmful to the doctors and nurses SARS patients.‎ ‎...‎ Meanwhile，governments worldwide also underlined the fact thorough and systematic medical research on Bird Flu needs to lead to a cure as soon as possible.Countries will need to work together do this as the SARS epidemic proved how teamwork among nations can save lives.With all the international effort being made，we have to have faith that there will be solutions in time to stop a Bird Flu epidemic in tracks.‎ Ⅲ.高考话题微写作 请根据提示，运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文，并背诵成文。‎ ‎1．在本次田径比赛中，他因滥用兴奋剂而被查处。(track and field，abuse，stimulant)‎ ‎2．服用兴奋剂不但损害人的肝脏，也违背了运动精神，这样做是荒谬的。(liver，violate，it is＋adj.＋to do)‎ ‎3．所以服用兴奋剂这样的犯罪行为无论如何不能被人容忍，也是被严格禁止的。(crime，at any rate，tolerate，prohibit)‎ ‎4．希望在不久的将来类似服用兴奋剂的事件不再出现。(it is hoped that)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ In this track and field competition，he was investigated for abuse of stimulants. Taking it not only damages the liver，but also violates the spirits of the sports，so it is absurd to do it.Therefore such crime cannot be tolerated at any rate and it is prohibited strictly，too.It is hoped that such incident will be stopped in its tracks in the near future.‎