2019届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit4AstronomytheScienceoftheStars单元教案

2019届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit4AstronomytheScienceoftheStars单元教案

‎2019届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit 4 Astronomy: the Science of the Stars单元教案 Period One Warming-up & Reading ‎ Objectives To help students understand the text’s forms and contents and learn about festival Astronomy ‎ To help students communicate on the topic in focus with the words, expressions and structures learned in this unit Focus Words dissolve， exist，puzzle，crash，pull，float，exhaust Expressions in time, lay eggs, give birth to, block out, cheer up, now that, break out, watch out Patterns ‎1. It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water vapor, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases, which were to make the earth’s atmosphere. ‎ ‎2. Nobody knew that it was going to be different from other planets going round the sun. ‎ ‎3. It allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases, which had become part of the earth’s atmosphere, into the oceans and seas. ‎ ‎4. This encouraged the development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. ‎ ‎5. They produced young generally by laying eggs. ‎ ‎6. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. ‎ ‎7. Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved. ‎ Aids ‎ Multimedia facilities, tape-recorder, photos, diagrams Procedures Step1 Warming up ‎ ‎1. Presenting some scientific terms on astronomy to the Ss in order to arouse their awareness of the topic of this unit.‎ Astronomy is the scientific study of the universe and the heaven bodies( such as the sun, the moon , and stars), gas, and dust within it.‎ ‎ Stars are large balls of hot gas that produce light and heat through nuclear reactions. The sun is a star.‎ ‎ Planets are the largest objects that circle around the stars.‎ ‎ Satellites are objects that move in orbit （轨道）around other objects of greater mass. ( they maybe natural or man-made, like the moon or spacecraft )‎ ‎ Solar system is made up of the sun and the objects that orbit it. These include the eight planets ( and probably more) and their moons, as well as comets (彗星), and meteors（流星）.‎ ‎2. Ask the Ss to look at the picture about the solar system and match the names with the planets.‎ Key: from the place where the planet is the nearest to the sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.‎ Step2 Pre-reading ‎ Discussion Get the Ss to discuss the questions on Page 25 with their partners. Then ask the Ss to tell the stories they know about how life began on earth.‎ Pangu’s Story Pangu grew between the sky and the earth, which were combined together. They were just as tall as Pangu grew. He could not bear the small world any longer. So he found an ax and cut in the middle of the sky and the earth and divided them. The world became wider. After his death, one of Pangu’s eyes became the sun and the other, moon. His breath was the wind and his muscles turned into mountains. His blood became the rivers in the world and his hairs became forests. And then, our world appears. That’s Chinese story about the origin of the world.‎ Step3 While-reading ‎ 1. Skimming ‎ Get the Ss read the first three paragraphs and summarize the main idea of each paragraph ‎ Para1 A widely accepted theory about how the universe came into being ‎ Para2 How the earth came into being/ The formation of the earth ‎ Para3 The importance of water to the development of life on the earth 2. Detailed reading ( Para1-3)‎ 1) What was the earth like before it formed its shape?‎ 2) What made up the earth’s atmosphere after the earth exploded?‎ 3) How did water come into being on the earth?‎ 4) What’s the importance of the presence of water on the earth?‎ Keys: 1) It was a cloud of dust, which then settled into a solid globe.‎ ‎2)The explosion of the earth produced the water vapor, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases, which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.‎ ‎3) The explosion of the earth produced the water vapor, when the earth cooled down, the water vapor turned into water.‎ ‎4) It allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into oceans and seas. ‎ ‎3. Skimming ‎ Get the Ss read the last two paragraphs and summarize the main idea of each paragraph Para 4 The development of planets and animals on the earth Para5 The appearance of humans and their effect on the earth/ humans spread all over the earth but they are not taking care of the earth 4. ‎ Scanning ( Para 4-5)‎ Fill in the chart about the order of development of life:‎ How life began on the earth water ‎1 small plants in water ‎3 green plants on land ‎2 shellfish and all sorts of fish ‎4 insects (on land)‎ ‎5 amphibian (on land and in water)‎ ‎6 forests ‎7 reptiles (on land)‎ ‎8 dinosaurs (on land)‎ ‎9 .mammals(on land)‎ ‎10. small clever animals with hands and feet ‎11.human 4. Detailed reading ( Para4-5)‎ Get the Ss to find out the detailed information from the last two paragraphs 1) ‎“Which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish” What does “which “ refer to?‎ 2) Why did the plants grow before animals came?‎ 3) What is the difference between reptiles and mammals?‎ 4) What problem is caused by humans? What is it called?‎ Keys:1)It refers to that the small plants multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen.‎ ‎2) Because plants provided oxygen for animals to breathe.‎ ‎3)Reptiles produced young by laying eggs while mammals directly from bodies and fed on milk.‎ ‎4) Human beings are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. It is called Greenhouse Effect.‎ Step 4 Post-reading ‎ Discussion What should we do to prevent the global warning?‎ Key: use solar energy/ save electricity/ ride bike, take bus or walk/ plant trees/ recycle some energy…‎ Period Two& Three Language Focus 1. to begin with = to start with ‎ 1） 以…..开始；从…..着手(在句子里做谓语) ‎ Knowledge begins with practice.‎ A thousand li journey starts with the first step.‎ 2） 首先；起初（单独使用做时间状语）‎ To begin with, I couldn’t understand every word.‎ To start with, we have the correct leadership of the Party.‎ 2. direction ‎ ‎1) 方向，方位 ‎ Cars were coming from all directions.‎ She went off in the opposite direction.‎ ‎2) 指示；说明书 （常用复数）‎ Before Pam made the cake she read the directions on the packet.‎ He gave me full directions to enable me to find his house.‎ 短语： in every direction/ in all directions 向四面八方，向各方面 in the direction of 朝…..方向 under the direction of 在……指导下 ‎ give directions 给予指示 1. combine ( to mix or join different things together to produce a new thing or make them exist or work together) ‎ combine with sth Hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water.‎ Combine A with / and B ‎ Combine the eggs with/and a little flour.‎ 2. be to do 是将来时的表达法之一，主要用法如下：‎ ‎1）表按照计划、安排将要发生的动作。‎ ‎ They are to pay a visit to the teacher together at 10 am tomorrow.‎ ‎2)表示必须 或 应该，在意义上相当于must 或 should, ought to ‎ You are to finish the work before five this afternoon.‎ ‎ What are we do next?‎ ‎3)表示不可避免要发生或注定要发生某事,可译为“一定”‎ ‎ How could he know he was never to see his family again by doing so?‎ ‎ His theory is to change the view to the universe.‎ ‎4) 表目的和愿望 ‎ Our aim is to catch up with the world’s advanced level at the end of this century.‎ 3. violent ‎ ‎1) refer to person- likely to attack, hurt or kill other people 暴力的 ‎ My father used to be a violent and dangerous person.‎ ‎2) showing very strong angry emotions or opinions （情绪或意见等）激烈的 ‎ They had a violent quarrel over Dave’s drinking.‎ ‎3) refer to nature-happen with a lot of force 自然现象强烈地发生 ‎ violent wind/storm/earthquake Violence n. 猛烈，暴力行为 ‎ The wind blew with great violence.‎ ‎ You will find a lot of violence in some American films.‎ 4. in time ‎ ‎1) 及时 （not late） in time to do/ for (doing ) sth ‎ Do you think we can get there in time for (catching )the train?‎ ‎ She will be back in time to prepare dinner.‎ ‎2) 总有一天，终于 ＝sooner or later ‎ You’ll get used to the weather in Nanjing in time.‎ 5. atmosphere ‎ ‎1) 大气（层）the mixture of gases that surround the Earth ‎ ‎ These gases pollute the atmosphere of towns and cities.‎ ‎2) 气氛 the feeling that and event or place gives you ‎ The atmosphere at home has been depressing since they had that fight.‎ 8. cool down=cool off 1) ‎（使）变冷，冷却 The water is cooling down.‎ Sitting in the breeze soon cooled us down. 我们坐在微风中，一会儿就感到凉快了。‎ ‎2） （使）安静，冷静下来 I tried to cool her down but she was still very angry when she left. ‎ 9. unlike adj 不像…..的 ‎ For twins, they are quite unlike.‎ prep 不像，不同于 ‎ In his jeans and T-shirt, Charles looked most unlike a lawyer.‎ 10. fundamental ( affecting the simplest and most important parts of something) 根本的，基础的，必不可少的 There is a fundamental difference between their aims.‎ Water is fundamental to survival.‎ 11. harmful adj 有害的 harmless adj 无害的 Smoking is harmful to health.‎ harm v/n 伤害，损害 短语： do harm to sb/sth=do sb /sth harm对…..有害 ‎ Hot water will harm the plants.‎ ‎ He did me no harm. 他没有伤害我。 ‎ Freezing winter does a lot of harm to orange trees.=…do orange tress a lot of harm.‎ 12. allow ‎ ‎1) allow…to do 允许某人做某事 Tom’s parents don’t allow Tom to go swimming. ‎ We weren’t allowed to stay out late at weekends.‎ ‎2) allow doing 准许做某事 They shouldn’t allow parking in this narrow street. 他们不应当允许在这条狭窄的街上停车。‎ allow 和 permit 的区别: permit 尤指根据正式命令或决定的准许 短语： permit doing / permit sb to do Smoking is only permitted in the public place.‎ No visitor is permitted to enter when an operation is being performed in the emergency room.‎ 13. reaction ( something that you feel or do that is a result of something that has happened to you or been said to you ) 反应 短语： react v / reaction n to 对… 有反应 How did Wilson react to your idea?‎ Her parents’ reaction to the news was surprisingly calm.‎ ‎14. make find that 从句 ‎ feel 形式宾语 it + 宾补 adj +(for sb )+真正宾语 to do ‎ consider My work makes it possible for me to travel around the world.‎ We found it important it pay attention to the pronunciation.‎ Do you feel it necessary that we will support him? 你们觉得我们有必要支持他吗？‎ ‎15.multiply vt/vi （使）相乘；（使）增加；（使）繁殖 Four multiplied by five is twenty. ‎ Our problems seem to have multiplied since last year.‎ When animals have more food, they generally multiply faster.‎ ‎16. fill…with… 用……装满/充满……= be full of…‎ Little Tom filled his pocket with apples.‎ Her heart was filled with gratitude.= His heart was full of gratitude.‎ ‎17.encourage ‎ 1) to say or do something that helps someone have the courage or confidence to do something 鼓励 短语： encourage sb to do sth encourage doing sth Patricia encouraged me to apply for the job.‎ We don’t encourage eating the food containing too much fat.‎ ‎2) to make something more likely to happen or make people more likely to do something 促进，激发，助长 A good public transport encourages people to leave their cars at home.‎ Playing some computer games encourages violent behavior in young chidren.‎ 18. ‎1) lay vt 产；孵化；摆放 －laid; laid /laying ‎ lay the egg 产蛋， lay the table 摆放桌子 ‎2)lie v/n 说慌 －lied; lied / lying ‎ lie to sb 对某人说谎， tell a lie 说谎 ‎ lie vi 位于；躺下－lay; lain/ lying lie in the east 位于东方 She lay in bed all day long because of illness.‎ She said the glassed still lay where she had laid them yesterday.‎ The thief lying on the ground lied that he had laid the money under the bed.‎ 19. exist vi 存在；生存 Stop pretending the problem doesn’t exist. 别假装这个问题不存在。‎ Does life exist on other planets?‎ existence n 存在 come into existence =come into being 产生，出现 No one knows how our universe first came into existence.‎ 20. give birth to 分娩；产生 She’s just given birth to a baby girl.‎ Study of history gave birth to the social science. 对历史的研究使得社会科学产生。‎ 21. spread vt 伸开，铺开；涂，撒；vi 传播，蔓延，伸展 She spread her arms to welcome us.‎ We spread a new cloth on the table.‎ I spread some butter on the bread.‎ Bad news spread through the whole town.‎ There is a desert spreading for hundreds of miles.‎ ‎22．thus adv 如此；因而 He forgot to turn on the radio, thus missed the program. × thus 是副词，不能当作并列连词用，应改为 He forgot to turn on the radio, and thus missed the program. 或 He forgot to turn on the radio, thus missing the program.(现在分词作结果状语)‎ ‎23．In one’s turn 轮到某人；接着 This week I am to do the housework in my turn.‎ 相关短语： by turns 轮流 in turn 依次 The two brothers looked after their sick mother by turns.‎ Each man in turn stood up and spoke.‎ ‎24. prevent…(from) doing 阻止某人做某事＝stop…(from)doing / keep…from doing ‎ ‎ His heart trouble didn’t prevent him (from) going to class the next day.‎ ‎ Nothing can prevent their plan (from) being carried out.‎ ‎ The rain stopped the young daughter (from) going out on date.= the rain kept the young daughter from going out on date.‎ ‎25. to come=to follow 作时间先行词的后置定语，意为“将来的，随后的”‎ ‎ I think she’ll be a famous dancer in the years to come.= the years to follow=the following years ‎ ‎ 1) depend on/upon sb./ sth. = rely on/upon…取决于某人或某事 ‎ He is a man to be depended on. 他是个靠得住的人。‎ ‎ Whether we go or not depends on the weather.‎ 1) depend on /upon…for…依靠…供给…‎ All living things depend on the sun for their growth.‎ 2) depend on/upon…to do sth 依靠…做某事 You can’t depend upon others to help you.‎ ‎ 4) depend on /upon it that从句 信任…‎ ‎ You may depend on it that they will support you.‎ ‎ 5) It /That depends . 视情况而定 ‎－ How often do you e-mail to your friend?‎ ‎—It depends, but usually once a week.‎ ‎ 26．puzzle ‎ 1) n –something that is difficult to understand or explain 难题，迷 Tom is clever enough to solve puzzles.‎ It is a puzzle to me how he could come here. 我不知道他是怎样到这里来的。‎ ‎2）v-to confuse someone because they don’t understand something 使困惑 What puzzles me is why he didn’t turn up.‎ 拓展：puzzle about/over 苦思冥想 puzzling adj 令人困惑的 puzzled adj 感到困惑的 puzzled look/expression 困惑的表情 The puzzled look on her face suggested she was puzzling over the puzzling maths problem.‎ ‎ 27. crash ‎ ‎1) vt/vi ( to have an accident in a car,plane by violently hitting by another ones or something like a wall or tree) 撞毁；坠毁 An airliner crashed shortly after take-off.‎ The car crashed straight into a tree.‎ Rick crashed his bike before he’d finished paying for it.‎ 2) n 撞车事故，飞机的失事 ‎ A lot of passengers were killed in the train/air/ car crash. ‎ Period Four Grammar Objectives To learn about noun clauses as the subject To discover and learn to use some useful words and expressions To discover and learn to use some useful structures Procedures Step1 Introduction to Noun Clauses Introduction to Noun Clauses A noun clause is a clause which does the work of a noun in a sentence. It is a group of words containing a subject and a verb of its own. It can be used as a subject, predicate nominative, direct object, appositive, indirect object, or object of the preposition.‎ Usually noun clauses begin with that, what, where, when, who, whom, which, whose, how, why, whether, etc. ‎ Examples:‎ · He said that he would not come. ‎ · We were all curious to know what he had done. ‎ · Nobody knows when the registration will begin. ‎ · We all wanted to find out who the winner was. ‎ · Whom they were in contact with on the day of the robbery is of great interest to the police. ‎ · Jane is not sure which university she should apply for. ‎ · The judges had a hard time deciding whose painting was the best. ‎ · How the baby fell from the window is a mystery. ‎ · They asked the boy why he had hit his classmate. ‎ · Whether you like it or not is not the issue. ‎ Step2 practice ‎ Find the noun clauses in the following sentences and tell how they are used. (Subject, predicate nominative, direct object, appositive, indirect object, or object of the preposition)‎ ‎1. How the prisoner escaped is a mystery.‎ ‎2. My feeling is that the robbery was an inside job.‎ ‎3. Everyone is wondering how he could just disappear.‎ ‎4. The news that he had escaped frightened the whole town.‎ ‎5. The police have offered whoever finds the stolen diamonds a reward.‎ ‎6. The family has had no word about where he might be.‎ ‎7. That we were ready to go was a miracle.‎ ‎8. Give whoever wants to go a ride to the game.‎ ‎9. That you are losing ground was evident from the polls.‎ ‎10. Whoever injured the handicapped woman must be feeling guilty.‎ Keys: ‎ ‎1. How the prisoner escaped →subject ‎2. that the robbery was an inside job → predicate nominative ‎3. how he could just disappear → direct object ‎4. that he had escaped → appositive ‎5. whoever finds the stolen diamonds → indirect object ‎6. where he might be → object of the preposition ‎7. That we were ready to go → subject ‎8. whoever wants to go → indirect object ‎9. That you are losing ground → subject ‎10. Whoever injured the handicapped woman → subject Step3 Noun clauses as the subject ‎ 一、由what（whatever，whoever）等代词引导的主语从句。‎ What they are after is money. 他们追求的是金钱。‎ Whatever was said here must be kept secret. 这里说的话都应当保密。‎ 二、由连词that引导的主语从句。其中that一般不可省略，但若用it作形式主语， that从句后置时，则可省略。为避免头重脚轻，我们倾向用it开头，后接be，seem等。如果句子是疑问形式，就只能用带it的结构。‎ That money doesn't grow on trees should be obvious.‎ 金钱不能从树上长出来是显而易见的。‎ It is obvious（that）money doesn't grow on trees .显而易见，金钱是不能从树上长出来的。‎ Has it been announced when the planes are to take off？飞机什么时候起飞宣布了没有？‎ 注意：‎ ‎1）选用what还是用that引导主语从句要根据关联词在从句中是否担任成分而定。且what（以及whatever，whoever等）引导的主语从句一般不用it作形式主语。‎ What he said is true.他说的是真的。（what在其引导的主语从句中作宾语。）‎ That China is a great socialist country is well known.（=It’s well known that…）众所周知，中国是一个伟大的社会主义国家。（that在其引导的主语从句中不作任何成分，也无词义，只起连接作用。）‎ ‎2）it引导的强调句与it作形式主语的复合句不可混淆。it引导的强调句是用来对句中某一成分加以强调，其结构为：“It is（或was）+强调部分+that（或who）…”强调句去掉It is（或was）…that（或who）…框架后，剩余部分为一个完整的句子。‎ It was I that(who) met Mary in the street yesterday.是我昨天在街上遇见了玛丽。(强调主语)‎ ‎3）常见的用it作形式主语的复合句结构：‎ ‎*It is+形容词（necessary，strange，important，wonderful，possible，likely，等）+that从句，从句中常用虚拟语气。‎ It’s necessary that he write something in English.他用英语写点东西是必要的。‎ It’s strange that she did not go to school yesterday.奇怪的是她昨天没去上学。‎ ‎*It is+名词（a fact，a pity ，no wonder，good news，等）+that从句 It's a pity that she should have said so.真遗憾她竟然会这么说。‎ ‎*It is+过去分词（said，reported，decided，unknown等）+that从句 Its said that our English teacher will go abroad next week.据说我们英语老师下周要去出国。‎ ‎*It +不及物动词（seems，appears，happens， matters等）+that从句 It seems that she is in great need of help.看来她急帮忙。‎ ‎4）主语为从句时，一般要用单数谓语动词形式；但如果引导的从句作主语、代表复数概念（常可从表语上看出）时，谓语动词则常用复数形式：‎ What we need is water. 我们需要的是水。‎ What we need are useful books. 我们需要的是有用的书。‎ 三、由连接代词或连接副词（或if, whether）引导的主语从句。‎ When they will come hasn't been made public.他们什么时候回来还没有宣布。‎ Whether I’ll attend the meeting hasn’t been decided.=It hasn’t been decided whether(if) I’ll attend the meeting.我是否参加会议还未决定。‎ Step 4 Consolidations ‎ ‎1. Noun Clause Practice Quiz ‎1) I had an accident and took my car to the garage. My husband asked me where ________.‎ A. is my car B. my car was C. my car is D. was my car ‎2) Is it true all of the computers will shut down in the year 2010? _______ is unbelievable!‎ A. That all the computers could shut down B. All computers could shut down ‎ C. It is that all computers could shut down D. Shutting down of all computers 3) Is it true __________ people are saying about Y2K?‎ A . that what B. that C. whether or not D. what 4) _______________ an old "date" chip is important.‎ A. A computer has B. If a computer have ‎ C. Whether or not a computer has D. Has a computer ‎5) What are you going to do with your old computer? Nothing! _________ is too expensive.‎ A. That I want to do B. What I want to do C. That what I want to do D. If what I want to do Keys: B A D C B Period Five & Six Using Language Objectives To enjoy the passage A VISIT TO THE MOON To learn to use the language by reading, listening, speaking and writing Procedures Step 1 Listening 1. Ask theSs to look at the pictures and exercises and guess what the listening is about.‎ 2. Listen to Part1 and 2 of the tape for the first time and choose the best summary of the listening text.‎ 3. Listen to Part1 and 2 again to fill in the coumn of the chart on page30‎ 4. Check the answers with the whole class.‎ Step 2 Reading ‎ ‎1.Ask the students to read the passage quickly and fill in the form. Then check the answer.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1 left the earth ‎2 in space ‎3 on the moon The way gravity changed ‎ The gravity became very strong ‎ The gravity disappeared It became very light.,‎ The weight changed He became very heavy.‎ He had no weight and could float around like a feather.‎ He weighs less than on the earth..‎ ‎2.Listen to the tape and imitate the tape. Then practice reading aloud the dialogue with feeling.‎ ‎ ‎ Step 3 Language points 1． explain 短语： explain (sth) to sb 向…..作解释 explain (to sb) why/ how/that etc.‎ Would you explain the problem to the class again?‎ Can you explain to me how to make tea?‎ ‎ She explained to me that she couldn’t come because she was ill.‎ 1． force n ‎1) (u) 力量 power ‎ He didn’t use much force.‎ 2) ‎( c) 部队 group of men who have power air force 空军 armed force 武装部队 v 强迫，迫使 I was forced to open the door.‎ 区别：force 强调发挥出的力产生的效果; energy 指力量 精力和活力；power 有本领 权力之意。‎ The window was stuck, but father got it open by force.‎ Young people usually have more energy than the old.‎ Some animals have the power to see in the dark./ come to the power ‎ 3. pull n / v 拖；拉；吸引（力）‎ She pulled the chair nearer the fire.‎ The basketball game pulled a great crowd.‎ He gave my hair a pull. The pull of the moon’s gravity ‎ 4. lessen v (to become smaller in size, importance or value) (使) 减少，降低 The driver lessened his speed.‎ The heat will lessen during the evening.‎ 后缀-en 使 adj，n 转化为 vt “使…..”‎ fright- frighten threat-threaten weak-weaken worse-worsen ‎ 5. cheer up 欢呼，喝彩；使…高兴；（使）振作起来 The crowd cheered up when they saw the team arrive.‎ He took me to the concert to cheer me up ‎ Cheer up! Our trouble will soon be over.‎ ‎ 6. mass cn. ( large amount) 团，块，堆，大量/ pl 群众 A great mass of snow has fallen off the roof. 一大块雪 There were masses of dark clouds in the sky. 团团云；大量的云 The masses have endless creative power. 群众有无穷的创造力。‎ ‎ un ( the amount of material in something) 质量 ‎ the mas of a star 恒星质量 ‎7. fall over=fall down 摔倒，此处 over 和 down 作副词 ‎ I saw that girl fall over/down.‎ ‎ Over ，down 作介词，意为：“被….. 绊倒”“从…..摔下”‎ ‎ The man fell over the rock. ‎ ‎ The girl fell down the stair.‎ ‎8．now that 从属连词，引导原因状语从句，相当于 since, that 在口语中可以省略 ‎ Now (that) the weather is fine, shall we go for a camping?‎ ‎9. break out （战争，疾病，火灾等）爆发，没有被动态 The Second World War broke out in September 1939.‎ A fire broke out in this hotel last night.‎ The SARS broke out in early spring and spread all over the Hong Kong.‎ break down （ 车辆，机器）损坏；（计划）失败；（身体）崩溃；分解 The car broke down on the way.‎ His plan broke down at last.‎ The scientist broke down for lack of rest and had to go to the hospital.‎ Water is easily broken down into hydrogen and oxygen.‎ break in 闯入；打断 The thief broke in and stole the TV set.‎ Don’t break in when we are talking.‎ break up (使) 解散；结束，放假；绝交 The police broke up the fighting crowd by violence.‎ The students will break up for the Christmas vacation next week.‎ Mary has just broken up with her boyfriend.‎ ‎10. exhaust v ‎ 1) ‎(to make someone extremely tired so that they have no energy left. ) 使筋疲力尽 I find a full day’s teaching exhausts me.‎ 2) ‎( to use all of something) 用完，耗完 We’ve nearly exhausted our supply of water. 我们几乎把提供给我们的水都喝完了。‎ exhausting adj 令人疲惫不堪的 exhausted adj 疲惫不堪的 ‎ After his journey from abroad, Jones returned home, exhausted.‎ ‎11. watch out (for)= look out (for) 小心, 注意 ‎ Watch /Look out for cars when crossing the road.‎ ‎ 区别： watch over 保护，照看 ‎ The flowers should be watched over, or else they will die in such cold days.‎ Step4 Speaking ‎ 1. Free talk ‎ Ask the Ss to talk about their thoughts on waking in space , the following dialogues serves as an example:‎ T: Do you remember the conversation between Li Yanping and Professor Wallis?‎ S1: Yes.‎ T: We all know that space walk is difficult and dangerous. What should an astronaut take with him?‎ S2: oxygen can.‎ S3: spacesuit.‎ S4: gravity boots.‎ S5: water system.‎ S6: special food.‎ S7: special ropes.‎ T: Great! Do you know the usage of them? Now discuss them with your partner according to the form on Page31. You can refer to our listening material on Page65.‎ When Ss discuss. Teacher walk around the classroom to give them some help.‎ ‎2. Speaking by using the expressions on Page 31‎ ‎(After a few minutes.)‎ T: Have you finished? Now speak one or two sentences for each equipment you should take. ‎ Sa: I will take water with me in my spacesuit in order to warm or cool me if it’s too cold or too hot.‎ Sb: I will take oxygen can on my back in order to help me breathe oxygen in space.‎ Sc: I’ll wear spacesuit. t can protect me from many dangers. It can carry many necessary things in or on it.‎ Sd: I’ll take space buggy in order to travel on the moon.‎ Se: I’ll take a rope to tie me to the spaceship, or I’ll fly away.‎ Sf: I’ll take special food so that I can eat easily, because the food will float in space.‎ Sg: I’ll wear special sunglasses in order to protect my eyes.‎ Sh: I’ll take space camera in order to take photos.‎ T: Wonderful! Anything else?‎ Si: I’ll wear space boots in order to walk there.‎ T: Very good. You’ve done an excellent job! Do you know how to fill in the form now?‎ Ss: Yes. ‎ T: Now look at the screen and check your answer.‎ Sample answer:‎ To keep you cool Spaceship with water to cool you to help you breathe oxygen Oxygen tanks to carry on your back Clothes for exercise spacesuit To travel on the moon Space buggy To protect your skin Spacesuit ‎ To stop you flying off into space A rope to tie you to the spaceship To stop your food from floating away Space food that you can eat more easily Clothes for walking on the moon Spacesuit To give shade Sunglasses in your spacesuit helmet To take photographs Space camera Step5 Writing ‎ 1. Ask the Ss to discuss what problems visitors to the Moon would have and choose one from each group to report their results.‎ 2. Mke a list of the Ss’ ideas and let the class vote on their preferred solution.‎ 3. Assign the writing task.‎ Sample article:‎ If I visited the moon, I might have three problems: how to breathe, how to eat and how to move around.‎ I would have to carry all my air with me if I went to the moon. This is because the moon has no air of its own. So I would need oxygen tanks placed on my back so I could breathe all the time.‎ I would have to take all my food with me if I went to the moon. In the spaceship, there is no gravity so the food would float around. So, I would make sure that it is specially made as space food and then I would be able to eat it easily.‎ I would find it difficult to move around on the moon as I would weigh one-sixth what I weigh on the earth. This means I would bounce like a balloon if I try to walk. I would have to learn to walk differently so that I don’t fall over.‎ If I follow this advice, I think I will have a good holiday on the moon.‎