2020届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit5Canada-TheTrueNorth单元学案（35页）

2020届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit5Canada-TheTrueNorth单元学案（35页）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit5Canada-TheTrueNorth单元学案 ‎(一)课前自主学习 Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意 ‎1．continent n．　　　　　　　　 洲；大陆 ‎2．baggage n. 行李 ‎3．harbour n. 海港 ‎4．urban adj. 城市的；市镇的 ‎5．downtown adj. 市区的 adv. 在市区；往市区 ‎6．approximately adv. 接近；大约 ‎7．frost n. 霜；霜冻 ‎8．eagle n. 鹰 ‎9．multicultural adj. 多种文化的 ‎10．polar adj. 极地的；近极地的 ‎11．mist n. 薄雾 ‎12．booth n. 公用电话间；货摊；售货亭 ‎13．buffet n. 自助餐；饮食柜台 ‎14．bush n. 灌木(丛)；矮树(丛)‎ ‎15．location n. 位置；地方 Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形 ‎1．chat vi.&n.[纵联1] 聊天；闲聊 ‎2．scenery n．[纵联2] 景色；风景 ‎3．measure vi.&vt. 测量；衡量；判定 n. 计量制；计量单位；措施 ‎4．aboard prep.&adv.[纵联3] 在(船、飞机、火车或公共汽车)上；‎ ‎ 上(船、飞机、火车等)‎ ‎5．within prep. 在……之内 ‎6．broad adj. 宽阔的；广泛的 ‎7．nearby adv. 在附近 adj. 附近的；邻近的 ‎8．pleased adj. 欣喜的；高兴的；愉快的 ‎9．topic n. 话题 ‎10．confirm vt. 证实；证明；批准 ‎11._dawn n. 黎明；拂晓；破晓 ‎12．quiz n. 测验；问答比赛 ‎13．border n. 边界；国界；边沿 vt.&vi. 与……接壤；接近 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变 ‎1．surround vt.包围；围绕→surroundings n．(复数)周围的事物；环境→surrounding adj.周围的；附近的 ‎2．slight adj.轻微的；微小的→slightly adv.稍微；轻微地 ‎3．tradition n．传统；风俗→traditional adj.传统的→traditionally adv.传统地 ‎4．impress vt.使印象深刻；使铭记→impressive adj.给人深刻印象的；感人的→impression n．印象 ‎5．terrify vt.使恐怖；恐吓→terrified adj ‎.恐惧的；受惊吓的→terrifying adj.令人恐惧的→terror n．恐惧→terrible adj.可怕的[纵联4]‎ ‎6．wealthy adj.富有的→wealth n．财富[纵联5]‎ ‎7．mix vt.&vi.混合；调配→mixture n．混合(物)；混合状态 ‎8．distance n．距离；远方→distant adj.遥远的；远处的；远亲的 纵联1.众“说”纷纭 ‎①chat vi.&n.聊天；闲聊　　 ②whisper vi.小声说；耳语 ‎③inform vt.通知；告知 ④announce vt.宣告；宣布 ‎⑤declare vt.宣布；声明 ⑥state vt.声明；陈述 ‎⑦claim vt.声称；要求 ⑧broadcast vt.播报 纵联2.美丽“景色；风景”入画来 ‎①scenery风景；景色 ②scene景色 ‎③sight风景；名胜 ④view景色 ‎⑤outlook景色；景致 ⑥landscape风景 纵联3.“火眼金睛”识别形近词 ‎①aboard prep.&adv. 在(船等)上；上(船等)‎ ‎②broad adj. 宽阔的；广泛的 ‎③abroad adv. 在国外 ‎④board v．&n. 登(飞机、车等)；木板 纵联4.不一样的“恐惧；可怕”‎ ‎①terrifying令人恐惧的 ②frightening吓人的；可怕的 ‎③alarming令人惊恐的 ④awful可怕的；惊人的 ‎⑤horrible恐怖的 ⑥terrible可怕的 纵联5.后缀“y”常见形容词聚焦 ‎①wealth→wealthy 富有的 ‎②thirst→thirsty 渴的；渴望的 ‎③taste→tasty 美味的 ‎④sleep→sleepy 困倦的 ‎⑤guilt→guilty 内疚的 ‎⑥health→healthy 健康的 ‎⑦salt→salty 咸的 ‎⑧hill→hilly 多山的 单元话题——人文地理 子话题　水文和地貌 ‎①geography n．地理　　　　 　 ②capital n．首都；省会 ‎③steep adj.险峻的；陡峭的 ④stream n．小河；溪流 ‎⑤ocean n．海洋 ⑥range n．山脉 ‎⑦desert n．沙漠 ⑧basin n．盆地 ‎⑨jungle n．丛林；密林 ⑩mineral n．矿物质 ‎⑪coastal adj.近海的；沿海的 ⑫local adj.当地的 ‎⑬native adj.本地的；本国的 ⑭remote adj.偏远的 ‎⑮mountainous adj.多山的 ⑯landmark n．地标性建筑 ‎[学考对接·活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用 ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ阅读C)The curves (曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view❶.‎ Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages. He asked the workers to use __❷__ (tradition) techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors. This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its __❸__ (mix) of modern and traditional Chinese ‎ elements (元素)．‎ ‎①写出本单元与加黑词意义相近的词：scenery ‎②用tradition的适当形式填空：traditional ‎③用mix的适当形式填空：mixture ‎2．(2015·安徽高考阅读E)Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways. Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust. Food can also have a specific meaning, and play a significant role in a family or culture’s celebrations or __❶__ (tradition). The foods we eat — and when and how we eat them — are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural (农村的) and urban❷ areas __❸__ one country.‎ ‎①用tradition的适当形式填空：traditions ‎②写出加黑词在句中的含义：城市的，其反义词为country“乡村的”‎ ‎③选用适当的介词填空：__B__‎ A．about　　　　B．within　　　　C．around 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用 ‎(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)给我印象最深的是他们的艺术技巧，显示出了不同凡响的才能。(impress)‎ What_impressed_me_most_are_their_art_skills,_in_which_they_showed_outstanding_talent.‎ ‎2．(2013·重庆高考写作)中国长江江豚(finless porpoise)的数量不足1 000只，因此我希望你们能采取一些有效措施来保护它们。(measure)‎ The_number_of_finless_porpoise_is_less_than_1,000,_so_I_hope_you_can_take_some_effective_measures_to_protect_them.‎ ‎ (二)课堂重点释疑 ‎1．surround vt.包围；围绕 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)surround ...with ...　　　 用……包围/围绕……‎ be surrounded by/with ... 被……包围/环绕 ‎(2)surrounding adj. 周围的；附近的 ‎(3)surroundings n. 环境；周围的事物 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①Surrounded (surround) by the forest, the village looks very beautiful.‎ ‎②The surrounding (surround) villages have been absorbed by the growing city.‎ ‎③Surrounding yourself with people who’ll provide you with support can be very beneficial.‎ ‎[用准]　surroundings常用复数形式，表示周围的具体的物质环境；而environment是集体名词，常用单数形式，表示对人的发展产生影响的自然环境或生活环境。‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎④总之，欢迎你来我们学校并希望你能很快适应新环境。‎ In_a_word,_you_are_welcome_to_our_school_and_I_hope_you_can_adapt_to_the_new_surroundings_soon.‎ ‎2．measure vi.&vt.测量；衡量；判定n.计量制；计量单位；措施 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)measure ... by ...　　　　　 用……来衡量……‎ be measured by/in 用……来衡量/计算 ‎(2)take measures/steps/action to do sth.‎ ‎ 采取措施做某事 make sth. to sb.’s measure 照某人的尺寸做某物 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①It’s generally acknowledged that education shouldn’t be_measured (measure) only by examination results.‎ ‎②In the old days, my mother always made new clothes to my own measure with the Spring Festival approaching.‎ ‎③Some villagers reported a huge snake, measuring (measure) over two metres long, was found dead in a nearby cave.‎ ‎[用准]　(1)measure表示“措施，步骤”时，常用其复数形式。(2)measure表示“(测量后)有……长(或宽、高、大等)”时是系动词，用主动形式表示被动含义。‎ ‎[写美]　一句多译 该是我们采取措施阻止空气污染的时候了。‎ ‎④It is high time that we took/should_take_measures to keep the air from being polluted.‎ ‎⑤It’s time for us to_take_steps to stop the air from being polluted.‎ ‎3．distance n．距离；远方；遥远；疏远v.拉开距离；与……疏远 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)in the distance　　 　　　 在远处 from a distance 从远处 at a distance (of) 在……远的地方；距离稍远 ‎(2)keep one’s distance (from) (与……)保持距离 keep sb. at a distance 对某人冷淡；与某人疏远；‎ ‎ 与某人保持一定距离 within walking distance 在步行距离之内 ‎(3)distant adj. 遥远的；远处的；远亲的 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①We spotted them waving to us at a distance of 100 meters.‎ ‎②There are lots of restaurants within walking distance.‎ ‎③In the distance is a tall tree which is said to have a history of over 500 years.‎ 单句改错 ‎④Although Tom lives far away from his family, they don’t feel distance.distance→distant ‎[用准]　对于“distance”的提问多用what，而不用how far或者how long。‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑤很难与她融洽相处，因为她总是与每个人保持一定距离。‎ It_was_difficult_to_get_along_well_with_her_because_she_always_kept_everyone_at_a_distance.‎ ‎4．impress vt.使印象深刻；使铭记；给……留下极深的印象 ‎[记牢]‎ 　 使某人牢记某事 be impressed by/at/with 对……印象深刻 ‎(2)impression n. 印象；感想 leave/make a(n) ...impression on/upon sb.‎ ‎ 给某人留下……的印象 ‎(3)impressive adj. 给人深刻印象的；感人的 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①Even so, she impressed the world with her courage and strong desire to succeed.‎ ‎②What impressed (impress) me most was that whenever he appeared in front of others he often wore a big smile.‎ ‎③Your art skills are excellent and admirable, which leaves me a deep impression (impress)．‎ ‎④(2018·浙江高考)I was_impressed (impress) to see my dad and Uncle Paul riding horses. They looked really cool.‎ ‎⑤This is the most impressive (impress) building I have ever seen on my trip to Egypt.‎ ‎[用准]　impress不能用于impress sb. sth.结构，其间接宾语由介词on/upon引出。impress也不用于进行时。‎ ‎[写美]　句式升级 ‎⑥I was impressed by the beautiful scenery and forgot to go back home in time.‎ ‎→Impressed_by_the_beautiful_scenery,_I forgot to go back home in time.(分词作状语)‎ ‎[词汇过关综合训练]　 ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．Chatting (聊天) for several hours, the two boys found that they had a lot in common.‎ ‎2．The volunteers were from many different countries, but they quickly settled down in their new surroundings (环境)．‎ ‎3．As far as I’m concerned, a man’s character can be measured_ (衡量) by the types of his friends with whom he stays.‎ ‎4．Nancy’s first reaction to the news was a strange mixture (混合) of ‎ joy and anger.‎ ‎5．When asked, the young man confirmed (证实) that he was going to study abroad next year.‎ ‎6．The ground shook so violently that the little girl, who was at home alone, was terrified (恐惧的)．‎ ‎7．A wealthy (富有的) old lady gave away many books to the middle school, which made all the students and teachers very happy.‎ ‎8．When dawn (黎明) broke, we were still 50 miles from Canada.‎ ‎9．Passengers checked their baggage (行李) before boarding the plane.‎ ‎10．After taking some photos, they stopped at the top of the hill to admire the scenery (风景)．‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．It was her turn to make a speech, but she felt a mixture (mix) feeling of excitement and fear.‎ ‎2．When the lost boy saw the smoke rising in the distance, he became excited immediately.‎ ‎3．I came to realize that the key to success lay in trying to surround myself with creative people.‎ ‎4．This city has a small population, only slightly (slight) over three hundred thousand.‎ ‎5．Besides these traditional (tradition) activities, we have a wider range of choices such as travelling and visiting our relatives or friends.‎ ‎6．The government has promised to take measures (measure) to help the unemployed.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．He asked how the distance was between Beijing and ‎ Qingdao.how→what ‎2．The harbour was full of soldiers with baggages.baggages→baggage ‎3．Mr.Wang, a professor from Beijing, will make a impressive speech in the hall tonight.第二个a→an ‎4．I still think it terrified to find myself surrounded by large numbers of horses.terrified→terrifying ‎5．Looking back on his childhood, he is full of mixing feelings.mixing→mixed Ⅳ.一句多译/同义句转换 ‎1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)那些漂亮的剪纸艺术作品一定会给你留下深刻的印象。‎ ‎①You will_surely_be_impressed_with those beautiful papercutting art works. (be impressed with)‎ ‎②Those beautiful papercutting art works will_surely_impress_you. (impress vt.)‎ ‎③Those beautiful papercutting art works will surely leave an impression on you.(impression n．)‎ ‎2．除夕夜吃水饺是我们的传统。‎ ‎①We eat dumplings on the New Year’s Eve by_tradition.‎ ‎②It_is_a_tradition for us to eat dumplings on the New Year’s Eve.‎ ‎3．The little girl is too shy and usually keeps her distance from others.‎ ‎→The little girl is too shy and usually keeps_others_at_a_distance.‎ ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎1．rather_than　　　 　　　　 　 　与其；不愿；而不是 ‎2．settle_down [串记1] 定居；平静下来；专心于 ‎3．be_famous_for 以……而闻名 ‎4．manage_to_do 设法做 ‎5．catch_sight_of 看见；瞥见 ‎6．have_a_gift_for 有……天赋 ‎7．in_the_distance 在远处 ‎8．go_through 经历；穿过 ‎9．at_dawn 在黎明；在拂晓 ‎10．be_impressed_with_... [串记2] 对……印象深刻 ‎11．in_charge_of 负责 ‎12．dream_of 梦想……‎ ‎[同根短语串记]‎ 串记1.“v.＋down”短语集锦 ‎①settle down　　　　　　　 定居；平静下来；专心于 ‎②pass down 使世代相传；流传 ‎③bring down 使降低 ‎④break down 分解；累垮 ‎⑤cut down 削减；砍倒 ‎⑥burn down 烧毁 串记2.“be＋过去分词＋with”结构一览 ‎①be impressed with 对……印象深刻 ‎②be satisfied with 对……满意 ‎③be equipped with 配备有……‎ ‎④be crowded with 挤满……‎ ‎⑤be covered with 被……覆盖 ‎1．go on a tour of 游览……‎ ‎2．be on a trip to 在去……的旅途中 ‎3．in the harbour 在海港 ‎4．sail up 沿……向上游航行 ‎5．aboard the train 登上火车 ‎6．all the way 一路上 ‎1．Rather_than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver ...‎ 她们不想一路乘飞机，而是决定先飞到温哥华……‎ ‎2．It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres.‎ 那儿的湿度很大，所以树都长得特别高，一些树高达90多米。‎ ‎3．It’s too bad you can’t go as_far_as Ottawa, Canada’s capital.‎ 很可惜你们不能一直走到加拿大的首都渥太华。‎ ‎[学考对接·活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的短语(补全句子)‎ ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ阅读C)Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather_than_focusing_on_Chinese_traditions (而不是关注中国的传统)．‎ ‎2．(2017·6月浙江高考完形填空)Now Alia waited for the war to end and dreamed_of (梦想) peace and a new library.‎ 高考采撷(二)　写作中的短语和句式 ‎(补全句子/词汇替换)‎ ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)中国人喜欢用筷子吃饭，而不是像西方人那样用刀和叉子。(rather than)‎ Rather_than_use_knives_and_forks_as_Westerners_do,_Chinese like to eat with chopsticks.‎ ‎2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)首先，设法阅读一些在中国文学中起重要作用的有关唐诗的资料。(manage to do)‎ At first, please manage_to_read_some_materials_about_poetry of the Tang Dynasty, which plays a significant role in Chinese literature.‎ ‎3．(2016·四川高考书面表达)In my opinion, every summer I stay at my uncle’s house in the country for three weeks and enjoy a wonderful life there.(用本单元短语替换加黑词汇)_As_far_as_I’m_concerned ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎[短语集释]‎ ‎1．settle down定居；平静下来；专心于 ‎[记牢]‎ settle down to (doing) sth.‎ ‎　　 　　　　 开始专注于某事物；着手认真做某事 settle in/into 安顿下来；适应新的工作环境等 settle a problem/an argument 解决问题/争议 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①In the past, he often dreamed of retiring in England and settling down in the country.‎ ‎②Before we settle down to discussing (discuss) other things, I’ve a question to ask you.‎ ‎[用准]　settle ‎ down意为“定居；平静下来；专心于”时，为不及物动词短语；意为“使……平静下来”，为及物动词短语。‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎③父母希望我安定下来，尽快适应学校的新环境。‎ My_parents_hope_me_to_settle_down_and_adapt_to_the_new_environment_of_my_school_quickly.‎ ‎2．manage to do设法做 ‎[记牢]‎ manage sb.　　　　　　 设法对付某人 manage sth. 经营/管理……‎ manage it 成功做到；设法完成 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①I managed to_rent (rent) a big enough house to take in a handful of people.‎ ‎②That’s not a hard job. I’m sure I can manage it myself.‎ ‎③Such a naughty boy is really hard to_manage (manage)．‎ 对比记忆 ‎④No matter what happened, I tried to finish my task on schedule. Luckily, with my teacher’s timely help, I managed to finish it ahead of time.(manage/try)‎ ‎[用准]　manage to do sth.相当于succeed in doing sth.，表示“成功地做了某事”，重在结果；try to do sth.表示“尽力做某事”，重在动作，不一定成功。‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎⑤尽管缺乏经验，但他设法按时完成了他的工作。‎ He managed_to_finish_his_work despite his lack of experience.‎ ‎[句式集释]‎ ‎1．rather than“与其；不愿；而不是”，连接两个并列成分 ‎[教材原句]　Rather_than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train from west to east across Canada.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)如果我不得不放弃其中一个，我会关掉电视而不是关掉我的手机。(一句多译)‎ ‎①If I have to give up one of them, I would turn off the TV rather_than_switch off my cellphone.‎ ‎②If I have to give up one of them, I would rather turn_off_the_TV_than_switch off my cellphone.‎ ‎③If I have to give up one of them, I prefer_to_turn_off the TV rather than_switch off my cellphone.‎ ‎(2)I don’t know any French people other_than you.‎ 除了你，我不认识其他的法国人。‎ ‎(3)I met him very late on Friday night, or_rather early on Saturday morning.‎ 我在星期五深夜见到他，更确切地说是在星期六凌晨。‎ ‎(4)He is more_than_our_teacher. He is also our best friend.‎ 他不仅仅是我们的老师，也是我们最好的朋友。‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 ‎(1) ‎ ‎(2)other than不同于；除了……外 ‎(3)or rather更确切地说 ‎(4)more than多于；不仅仅；非常 注意事项 ‎(1)rather than连接两个并列不定式时，rather than之后的不定式可省略to。但rather than位于句首时，则只能接不带to的动词不定式。‎ ‎(2)rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I’m more than delighted to receive your letter, asking about what customs you should pay attention to when visiting a Chinese friend.(开头句)‎ ‎(2)It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that deserve to be respected.(要点句)‎ ‎2．as far as“远至；就……而言；尽……所能”‎ ‎[教材原句]　It’s too bad you can’t go as_far_as Ottawa, Canada’s capital.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)His parents supported him as_far_as_they_could.‎ 他父母竭尽全力支持他。‎ ‎(2)Standing here, you can see as_far_as_the_foot_of_the_hill.‎ 站在这里，你可以一直看到山脚下。‎ ‎(3)As_far_as_I_know,_it is convenient to do shopping in that small town.‎ 就我所知，在那个小镇上购物很方便。‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ as far as的常见用法：‎ as far as sb./sth. be concerned　 就某人/物而言 as far as the eye can see/reach 就视力所能及 as far as I can see 依我看 as far as I know 就我所知 ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)As far as I am concerned, not only does outdoor exercise get us close to nature but also give us relaxation from heavy schoolwork.(要点句)‎ ‎(2)As far as I can see, it is our responsibility to solve the problem.(要点句)‎ ‎[词块、句式过关综合训练]　 ‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 catch sight of， dream of， manage to do， settle down， as far as， rather than， have a gift for， in the distance ‎1．Dave dreamt_of becoming a great writer when he was young, but now he is an engineer.‎ ‎2．Rather_than stay at home during the holiday, they decided to take a short trip to a nearby town.‎ ‎3．He managed_to get in touch with the lady who was in charge of the Hope Project.‎ ‎4．Lily is a tenyearold girl, who has_a_gift_for music — you know she has won two big prizes in the international music competitions.‎ ‎5．Since you have settled_down in a new country, you have to make an adjustment to the new environment.‎ ‎6．You can’t imagine how excited I was when I saw the ancient tower in_the_distance.‎ ‎7．The driver didn’t catch_sight_of another car in time, so the accident happened.‎ ‎8．In ancient times, people rarely travelled long distances and most farmers only travelled as_far_as the local market.‎ Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子 ‎1．我总是愿意早开始，而不愿意把所有的事情都留到最后才做。(prefer, rather than)‎ I always prefer_to_start_early_rather_than_leave_everything to the last minute.‎ ‎2．女性结婚时穿红色衣服是中国很多地方的传统习俗。(It is a tradition that ...)‎ It_is_a_tradition_that_women_get_married in red in most places of China.‎ ‎3．就我个人而言，骑自行车是个很好的解决方法。(as far as)‎ As_far_as_I’m_concerned,_riding bicycles is a good solution.‎ ‎4．经过了多次尝试，最后他终于拿到了通行证。(manage)‎ He tried to do it time and time again, and at last he managed_to_get_a_pass.‎ Ⅲ.分步写作 假定你是李华，你所在的城市正在参加大型城市文化旅游电视节目“魅力中国城”的评选活动。你计划在英文网站写封公开信，宣传你的家乡并号召更多的人为你的家乡投票。内容包括：‎ ‎1．历史和文化；‎ ‎2．环境和特点；‎ ‎3．人民生活和城市状况。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 参考词汇：魅力中国城Charming Cities in China 大型的largescale 第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点 本写作为提纲式作文，属于半开放类，时态为一般现在时，人称为第三人称。写作时可分三个层次来表达。开头：点明写信的目的——号召为我的家乡投票；主体：介绍家乡的状况(历史和文化；环境和特点；人民生活和城市状况)；结尾：表达希望。在主体部分介绍家乡时有较大的发挥余地，但由于主体部分要点较多，容易遗漏。‎ 要点1：我写信是要得到你们的支持，为我的家乡投票。‎ I’m_writing_to_get_your_support_by_voting_for_my_hometown.‎ 要点2－①：我的家乡在河南省。‎ My_hometown_is_in_Henan_Province.‎ 要点2－②：在这座城市散步，你能感觉到浓厚的文化氛围。(culture atmosphere)‎ Walking_in_the_city,_you_can_feel_the_strong_culture_atmosphere.‎ 要点2－③：这里的人既友好又热心肠。‎ The_people_here_are_not_only_friendly_but_also_warmhearted.‎ 要点2－④：这座城市发展迅速。‎ The_city_is_developing_very_fast.‎ 要点3：我希望你能为我的家乡投票。‎ I_hope_that_you_can_vote_for_my_hometown.‎ 第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼 拟定的要点比较单调、空洞，缺少衔接，因此可以增加细节，合理发挥想象，并使用高级词汇和句式，使文章更丰满。如：要点1中可增加自我介绍及写信原因“我的家乡正在参加评选活动”；要点2－‎ ‎①中升级句式，用过去分词作状语，并增加“我的家乡是个具有悠久历史的美丽城市”；要点2－①后补充要点“这里有许多值得参观的旅游景点，许多名人曾经在这里生活过。”；要点2－④中增加as和现在分词作状语结构；在要点3中增加“欢迎来我的家乡”并使用“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构。‎ 拓展要点1：我是李华，我的家乡正在参加大型城市文化旅游电视节目“魅力中国城”的评选活动。我写信是要得到你们的支持，为我的家乡投票。(complete)‎ I’m_Li_Hua.My_hometown_is_completing_in_the_largescale_culture_tourism_TV_programme_“Charming_Cities_in_China”．I’m_writing_to_get_your_support_by_voting_for_my_hometown.‎ 拓展要点2－①：我的家乡在河南省，是个具有悠久历史的美丽城市。(过去分词作状语，with 复合结构)‎ Located_in_Henan_Province,_my_hometown_is_a_beautiful_city_with_a_long_history.‎ 补充要点2：这里有许多值得参观的旅游景点，许多名人曾经在这里生活过。(tourist attraction; worth)‎ There_are_many_tourist_attractions_to_worth_visiting_and_many_famous_people_once_lived_here.‎ 拓展要点2－④：作为一个受欢迎的旅游城市，它发展迅速，每天吸引数以万计的游客。(attract, v．ing形式作状语)‎ As_a_popular_tourist_city,_it_is_developing_very_fast,_attracting_hundreds_of_thousands_of_visitors_every_day.‎ 拓展要点3：欢迎来我的家乡，并希望你能为我的家乡投票。(祈使句＋and＋陈述句)‎ Welcome_to_my_hometown_and_I_hope_that_you_can_vote_for_‎ it.‎ 第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡 结合要点，文章可分为三段来写。根据语篇表达中的逻辑关系在要点1中可添加连接词therefore，在介绍家乡的状况时可添加连接词as far as I know， what’s more将要点巧妙衔接成文。‎ Dear_friends，‎ I’m_Li_Hua.My_hometown_is_completing_in_the_largescale_culture_tourism_TV_programme_“Charming_Cities_in_China”．Therefore,_I’m_writing_to_get_your_support_by_voting_for_my_hometown.‎ Located_in_Henan_Province,_my_hometown_is_a_beautiful_city_with_a_long_history.There_are_many_tourist_attractions_to_worth_visiting_and_many_famous_people_once_lived_here.Walking_in_the_city,_you_can_feel_the_strong_culture_atmosphere.As_far_as_I_know,_the_people_here_are_not_only_friendly_but_also_warmhearted.What’s_more,_as_a_popular_tourist_city,_it_is_developing_very_fast,_attracting_hundreds_of_thousands_of_visitors_every_day.‎ Welcome_to_my_hometown_and_I_hope_that_you_can_vote_for_it.‎ Yours_sincerely，‎ Li_Hua 理清文体结构之(十五)　议论文之总分结构——找到论点、论证过程是关键 ‎“总分结构”议论文最显著的特点是论点伴随事例在文章开头部分提出，事例往往是铺垫，是提出论点的前奏。随之而来的是论证过程。该论证过程中常常采用分层逐条论述。抓住了此类文章的结构特点，再结合题目要求，便能快速到原文中定位信息区间，从而正确解题。‎ ‎[找论点、论证过程]‎ ‎[高考典例]　2016·浙江卷·A篇 ‎[读文解题技法]‎ ◄‎ ‎　　论点 分：论证过程 影响1‎ 影响2‎ 影响3‎ ‎　提出建议 ‎[1]“Did you hear what happened to Adam last Friday？” Lindsey whispers to Tori.‎ ‎[2]With her eyes shining, Tori brags, “You bet I did. Sean told me two days ago.”‎ ‎[3]Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about? It just happens to be yours truly, Adam Freedman. I can tell you that what they are saying is (a) not nice and (b) not even true. Still, Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip (闲话). I have noticed three effects of gossip：it can hurt people, it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction, and it can cause social pressures in a group.‎ ‎[4]An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic —‎ ‎1.速读全文找论点 本文以事例开头，引出全文的论点：闲话的三个方面的影响，即第三段的最后一句。‎ ‎2.细读文章找论证过程 本文按论点提出的顺序从三个方面论证了闲话对人们的影响。‎ ‎①闲话伤人(影响1)‎ ‎②闲话给人一种满足感(影响2)‎ ‎③‎ ‎ breakups, trouble at home, even dropping out — that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie. People often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain.‎ ‎[5]If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? The answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor (传言) can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group.” In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority (优越感)．‎ ‎[6]Gossip also can have a third effect: ‎ 闲话影响人的举止行为并举例加以说明(影响3)‎ ‎3.针对影响提出建议 it strengthens unwritten, unspoken rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.‎ ‎[7]The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.‎ ‎[抓关键词定位信息区间]‎ ‎41．The author at the beginning of the passage to ________.‎ A．introduce a topic　　　 　B．present an argument C．describe the characters D．clarify his writing purpose ‎43．In the author’s opinion, it ‎ ________.‎ A．gives them a feeling of pleasure B．helps them to make more friends C．makes them better at telling stories D．enables them to meet important people ‎45．What does the author give in the passage?‎ A．Never become a gossiper.‎ B．Stay away from gossipers.‎ C．Don’t let gossip turn into lies.‎ D．Think twice before you gossip.‎ ‎[答案]　41.A　43.A　45.D ‎41．用对话第1、2段第3段的论点，由此便知答案。‎ ‎43．原因“影响‎2”‎，比对可得出答案。‎ ‎45．建议第七段得出答案。‎ ‎[课下语篇提能练]　　　 ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2019·湖北八校联考)Leaders shape history and here is a selection of the most remarkable views into these public figures plus firsthand accounts by those with access to them.‎ Margaret Thatcher by Charles Moore (2013)‎ Before Moore published the first volume of his biography, there had already been a mountain of books on Thatcher. Moore’s account is different. He shows that far from being fearless, she could often be fearful ‎ without cause. The final volume will include her fall from power.‎ Harold Wilson by Ben Pimlott (1992)‎ Harold Wilson had become a ghostly figure when this book was published in 1992. The absence heightened a sense of mystery. Who was he? How to explain his seemingly contradictory characteristics? Pimlott solves some of the mysteries; the book is detailed until Wilson’s final phase as prime minister in 1974.‎ Churchill by Roy Jenkins (2001)‎ Jenkins writes as a politician as well as a historian, analyzing Churchill’s historic moves from the opinions of one who had also spoken in the Commons. Jenkins had resigned from high positions in battles over policy, and as one that changed parties, though not as frequently as Churchill did.‎ Roy Jenkins by John Campbell (2014)‎ Campbell calmly narrates many political and personal dramas, including Jenkins’ intense relationship with Anthony Crosland when they were both students at Oxford. Campbell also addresses Jenkins’ various affairs with women. Like Jenkins’ political heroes, he led many lives. Campbell is sharp in describing each of them.‎ Diaries, Volumes One to Six by Alastair Campbell (2017)‎ Love or hate him, Campbell remains the master of the inside story, not just because of his unusual ideas on the relationship between Tony Blair and Gordon Brown. This is an incredibly detailed book on what it’s like to live inside No. 10: the cruel space of events; and the constant conflict with the media.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了五本有关改变历史的世界伟人的传记，书的作者是掌握这一伟人的第一手资料者。文章具体介绍了作者姓名、出版时间、书的内容等。‎ ‎1．Which of the following leaders has the largest number of books written about him/her?‎ A．Harold Wilson.　　　 　B．Churchill.‎ C．Margaret Thatcher. D．Tony Blair.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，在摩尔出版他的第一本传记之前，已经有很多关于撒切尔夫人的书了；其他四本书的介绍中都没有提及曾经有专门介绍该政治家的书出版。故C项正确。‎ ‎2．Which writer was once a politician?‎ A．Ben Pimlott. B．Charles Moore.‎ C．John Campbell. D．Roy Jenkins.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Jenkins writes as a politician as well as a historian ...”可知，詹金斯是一位政治家，也是一位历史学家。故D项正确。‎ ‎3．What’s the author’s purpose of writing the passage?‎ A．To introduce some histories on elections.‎ B．To recommend some books on leaders.‎ C．To tell some mysteries about historians.‎ D．To think highly of some famous leaders.‎ 解析：选B　写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了五本有关改变历史的世界伟人的传记，书的作者是掌握这一伟人的第一手资料者，文章具体介绍了作者姓名、出版时间、书的内容等。据此可知，本文旨在推荐一些关于政治领导人的书籍，故B项正确。‎ B Reese Witherspoon was born on March 22, ‎1976 in New Orleans, Louisiana.She is the second child of ‎ the family.Reese spent the first four years of her life in Wiesbaden, Germany, where her father John Witherspoon served in the US Army Reserves.Shortly after, John moved the family back to the United States, settling in Nashville, Tennessee.‎ Reese was introduced to the entertainment industry at a very early age.At age 7, she began modeling.This led to appearances on several local television commercials.At age 11, she was placed first in a TenState Talent Fair.‎ In 1990, she landed her first major acting role in The Man in the Moon (1991)．Her role as a 14yearold tomboy earned her good reviews.Roles in bigger films such as Jack the Bear (1993) and A Far Off Place (1993) followed shortly after.‎ Following high school graduation in 1994, Reese decided to have a pause in her acting career and attend Stanford University where she would major in English literature.However, her plans were shortly stopped when she accepted roles to star in two major motion pictures.Although neither film was a huge boxoffice success, they did help to make Reese a rising star in Hollywood and open the door for bigger and better film roles.‎ Her breakthrough role came as Elle Woods in the 2001 comedy Legally Blonde.In box office terms, the movie was a great success and made Reese one of the top female stars in Hollywood.In the year 2014, she produced both Gone Girl and Wild, for which she got nominated (提名) for a best actress Oscar again for her role.‎ Reese is actively involved in children’s and women’s advocacy organizations.She is a longtime supporter of Save the Children, an organization that helps provide children around the world with education, health care and emergency aid.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇人物传记。文章讲述了美国影视演员瑞茜·威瑟斯彭(Reese Witherspoon)的一些事迹。‎ ‎4．Why did Reese stop her studies at Stanford University?‎ A．Because she starred in two successful films.‎ B．Because she was more famous in Hollywood.‎ C．Because she didn’t want to get higher education.‎ D．Because she couldn’t balance studies and acting.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Following high school graduation ... However, her plans were shortly stopped when she accepted roles to star in two major motion pictures.”可知，Reese因为要主演两部电影，所以放弃了继续求学，由此可推知，由于无法兼顾学业和演艺事业，她放弃了学业，故答案为D。‎ ‎5．Which film made Reese most famous?‎ A．The Man in the Moon.　 　B．Legally Blonde.‎ C．A Far Off Place. D．Jack the Bear.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Her breakthrough role came as Elle Woods in the 2001 comedy Legally Blonde ...one of the top female stars in Hollywood.”可知，Reese突破性的角色就是《律政俏佳人》中的Elle Woods，在票房方面，这部喜剧片取得了巨大的成功，并使Reese成为好莱坞最顶尖的女明星之一，故答案为B。‎ ‎6．What is the author’s attitude toward Reese?‎ A．Caring. B．Admiring.‎ C．Critical. D．Defensive.‎ 解析：‎ 选B　观点态度题。根据文章内容可知，作者在介绍Reese演艺事业的发展时，采用的都是正面的描述，再根据最后一段中对Reese积极参与一些旨在帮助儿童和妇女的公益组织的描述可推知，作者对Reese持赞赏的态度，故答案为B。‎ ‎7．How does the passage develop?‎ A．Giving examples.‎ B．Using figures.‎ C．Following the order of time.‎ D．Making comparison.‎ 解析：选C　写作手法题。文章开头从Reese的出生说起，随后讲述了她的童年、成年后的作品以及参加的其他活动，由此可知，文章是按照时间顺序来写的，故答案为C。‎ C ‎(2019·石家庄质检)Ireland’s Achill Island has always been a popular European tourist destination.However, since April in 2017, the small island of just 2,700 residents (居民) has gained worldwide fame thanks to the magical return of a beach that was washed away over three decades ago.‎ The chain of events began in 1984 when residents of Dooagh, one of the settlements on the island, awoke to a surprising sight: their beautiful sandy beach had been washed away by strong Atlantic storms.There were only rocks and rock pools left.For about 34 years, only small amounts of sand returned to the once unspoiled shores.The area’s tourism industry slowly declined, and the handful of beachside hotels, pubs, and restaurants gradually closed as well.‎ Then around Easter in 2017, something magical happened — an unusual tenday tide blanketed the barren 300meter long rock beach with hundreds of tons of soft golden sand.Scientists suspect that the sand had been gathering offshore for months and was transported to the beach by the high winds and powerful waves.‎ The locals are delighted to have their beach back, especially as it is attracting thousands of visitors wishing to witness the power of nature, with their own eyes.However, Sean Molloy, manager at Achill Tourism, cautions against going into the cold waters just yet, saying，“Because of the sand coming in, we don’t know how safe the beach is now because currents (水流) could be changed and it’ll take a little bit of time.” He instead recommends visitors enjoy the soft sand and leave the swimming to the dolphins that frequent the area.‎ Interestingly, this is not the first time Dooagh Beach has pulled a disappearing and reappearing act.It disappeared in the 1890s, for over 30 years, before returning in 1927.However, the locals are optimistic that this time around, the beautiful sand is here to stay.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了爱尔兰的Achill岛消失的海滩时隔三十多年再次出现的事件。‎ ‎8．What has brought Achill Island worldwide attention recently?‎ A．An unusual storm.‎ B．The decrease in the number of residents.‎ C．The return of its beach.‎ D．The building of a new tourist destination.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However, since April in 2017, the small island of just 2,700 residents (居民) has gained worldwide fame thanks to the magical return of a beach that was washed away over three decades ago.”可知，消失了三十多年的海滩的回归使得Achill岛引起了全世界的关注。‎ ‎9．What happened to Dooagh in the past three decades?‎ A．Tourism went down gradually.‎ B．Restaurants developed slowly.‎ C．Storms attacked frequently.‎ D．Rock pools disappeared completely.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The area’s tourism industry slowly declined, and the handful of beachside hotels, pubs, and restaurants gradually closed as well.”可知，随着海滩的消失，在过去三十多年里Dooagh地区的旅游业逐渐衰落。‎ ‎10．What does the underlined word “barren” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?‎ A．Noisy.　　　　　　　　 　B．Soft.‎ C．Bare. D．Golden.‎ 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“tenday tide blanketed the barren 300meter long rock beach with hundreds of tons of soft golden sand”可知，由于潮水的力量，‎300米长的岩石海滩被松软的金沙覆盖了。画线词修饰岩石海滩，结合文章内容可知，海滩消失之后，三十多年来岩石海滩表面什么都没有，所以画线词与bare同义，意为“空的，荒芜的”。‎ ‎11．What should tourists avoid according to Sean Molloy?‎ A．Spoiling the shores.‎ B．Getting into the rock pools.‎ C．Playing with dolphins.‎ D．Swimming near the beach.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“He instead recommends visitors enjoy the soft sand and leave the swimming to the dolphins that frequent the area.”可知，Sean Molloy建议游客享受松软的沙子，把游泳让给海豚，即他建议游客不要在海滩附近游泳。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 ‎(2019·广州市综合检测二)Mary went through a personal experience 40 years ago that changed her life path and established her connection with Chinese herbal medicine.‎ Still childless after 13 years of marriage, Mary longed to become a mother. For years she travelled from country to country and visited top experts in the field, but without success.__1__ However, her Chinese herbalist grandmother gave her hope through a herbal treatment.‎ After three and a half years she became pregnant.__2__ The expectant mother’s delight was shared by the rest of her family too. This was the point when she made up her mind to carry on her grandmother’s work and devote her life to herbal medicine research, development and promotion. To this end, she invested in a large herbal garden in the suburbs of Jakarta, where more than 30,000 plants are grown.__3__‎ Through the application of great effort and resources over many, many years, Mary’s career has developed vigorously, as has her garden. __4__ When she was asked whether it was worthwhile to have devoted so much of her life to this research, she firmly responded，“What I have done is to fulfill a promise I once made. More importantly, I want to bring Chinese herbal medicine to all those in need.__5__”‎ A．More than 7,000 of these can be used as medicine.‎ B．The moment the news was confirmed, she burst into tears of happiness.‎ C．I believe it can help relieve pain and enable the sick to regain their hope of life.‎ D．Mary decided to make great contributions to the development of Chinese herbal medicine.‎ E．The heartbreak and disappointment was so great that she came ‎ close to giving up.‎ F．I’m so happy that the local people like to use Chinese herbal medicine for treatment.‎ G．Although she is now 80 years old, she is still committed to the study of Chinese herbal medicine.‎ ‎1．选E　根据上文中的“Still childless after 13 years ...but without success.”可推知，多年来求子无果的经历让玛丽很是伤心和失望，所以E项符合语境。E项承接上文且与空后一句形成转折。‎ ‎2．选B　根据下文中的“The expectant mother’s delight was shared by the rest of her family too.”可知，通过中草药疗法，多年不孕的玛丽终于怀孕了，梦想达成，自然是喜出望外，所以选B。‎ ‎3．选A　根据上文中的“devote her life to herbal medicine research”及“To this end, ...where more than 30,000 plants are grown.”可推知，玛丽决定致力于中草药研究工作，这些植物很多可以用作中草药，所以A项符合语境。‎ ‎4．选G　根据下文中的“When she was asked whether it was worthwhile to have devoted so much of her life to this research, she firmly responded”可推知，玛丽后来多年一直致力于中草药的研究工作，所以选G。‎ ‎5．选C　根据上文中的“More importantly, I want to bring Chinese herbal medicine to all those in need.”并结合玛丽自身的经历可知，玛丽认为中草药能帮助有需要的人，所以C项承接上文，符合语境。‎