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高考英语一轮总复习考点集训四十九书面表达牛津译林版
考点集训(四十九) 对应学生用书p363 1 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 NothinginmylifehadpreparedmeforwhatIhadtodo.Choosingmywordscarefully, andfightingtostaycalm, Itoldmy4yearolddaughterthathergrandmotherhadsufferedastroke(中风)，thatshewasunconscious, andthatthedoctorssaidshewouldprobablyneverwakeup.Asshemovedclosertome, Amelialookedatme, eyesbright, andsaid, “Maybe Grandma will be okay.”“Maybeshewill，”Isaid, keepingbackthetears, ButIknewbetter.IwasflyinguptoMyrtleBeach, SouthCarolina, fromourFloridahomeinthemorningtosaygoodbyetomymom. Therestofthatawfulweek, Ijoinedmybrotherandfathersittingbymymother'ssideinthehospitalroom.Iheldherhandandtalkedtoher.Itoldherthatwestillneededher.Itoldherthatitwasn'ttimetoleaveyet.ItoldherhowmuchIlovedher.AndItoldherthatherlittlegranddaughter, Amelia, believedthatshe'dgetbetter.Thedoctors, withalltheiryearsoftrainingandexperience, offerednohopeforrecovery.Thedamagewassimplytooextensive. Then, acoupleofweekslater, anoddthinghappened.Momwokeup.Sheregainedconsciousness.Perseveredthroughalongandtoughrecovery, duringwhichshehadtolearntowalk, read, andwritealloveragain, andeventuallyreturnedhometoDad.Theonlyonewhowasn'tshockedwasAmelia.Thedoctorscouldn'texplainit.Ameliadidn'tneedto.Hopecameasnaturallytoherasbreathings. Sowhyarewesoafraidtohopesometimes?Maybeit'sbecauseovertheyear, life'sdisappointmentscanturnustodisillusionment(理想破灭).Howmanytimeshaveyouheardsomeonesay: “Hope for the best, expect the worst”？That'snotreallyhopeatall. Hopeisbeingabletolookatourworldwithallofthejoyandwonderofachild. 19 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [答案] Doctorswerepessimisticaboutmymother’sstrokewhilemylittledaughter, Amelia, fullofhope.(要点1) IpassedonAmelia'shopewhenourfamilygatheredtobidfarewelltoherinhospital.(要点2) Incredibly, sherecoveredandcamebackhomeafteraperiodofrestoration.EveryonewasastonishedexceptAmelia.(要点3) Hopedoesbringpeopleintroubleamazement.(要点4) 2 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 ThedrugstorewasclosingforthenightandAlfredHigginswasabouttogohomewhenhisnewbossapproachedhim. “Emptyyourpocketsplease, Alfred，”SamCarrdemandedinafirmvoice. Alfredpretendedtobeshockedbutheknewhe'dbeencaught.Fromhiscoathewithdrewamakeupkit, alipstickandtwotubesoftoothpaste. “I'mdisappointedinyou, Alfred！”saidthelittlegrayhairedman. “Sorry, Sir. Please forgive me. I've never done such a thing before.”Alfredlied, hopingtogaintheoldman'ssympathy. MrCarr'sbrowfurrowed(皱眉) ashereachedforthephone, “Do you take me for a fool? Let's see what the police have to say. But first I'll call your mother and let her know her son is heading to jail.” “Dowhateveryouwant，”Alfredshotback, tryingtosoundbig.Butdeepdownhefeltlikeachild.Heimaginedhismotherrushingin, eyesburningwithanger, maybeintears.YethewantedhertocomequicklybeforeMr.Carrcalledthepolice. Mr.CarrwassurprisedwhenMrsHigginsfinallyarrived.Shewasverycalm, quietandfriendly.“IsAlfredintrouble？”sheasked. 19 “He'sbeenstealingfromthestore，”theoldmancoollyreplied. Mrs.HigginsputoutherhandandtouchedMr.Carr'sarmwithgreatgentlenessasifsheknewjusthowhefelt.Shespokeasifshedidnotwanttocausehimanymoretrouble.“Whatdoyouwanttodo, Mr.Carr？” Thewoman'scalmandgentlemannerdisarmedtheonceangrystoreowner.“I was going to get a cop. But I don't want to be cruel. Tell your son not to come back here again, and I'll let it go.”ThenhewarmlyshookMrs.Higgins'shand. Mrs.Higginsthankedtheoldmanforhiskindness, thenmotherandsonleft.Theywalkedalongthestreetinsilence.Whentheyarrivedhomehismothersimplysaid, “Go to bed, you fool.” Inhisbedroom, Alfredheardhismotherinthekitchen.Hefeltnoshame, onlyprideinhismother'sactions.“Shewassmooth！”hethought.Hewenttothekitchentotellherhowgreatshewas, butwasshockedbywhathesaw. Hismother'sfacelookedfrightened, broken.Notthecool, brightfacehesawearlier.Herlipsmovednervously.Shelookedveryold.Thereweretearsinhereyes. Thispictureofhismothermadehimwanttocry.Hefelthisyouthending.Hesawallthetroubleshebroughtherandthedeeplinesofworryinhergreyface.Heseemedtohaveneverreallyseenhismotherlikethat. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [答案] Thestoryisaboutaboymaturingovernight.(要点1) AdrugstoreownerfoundsomethingstolenbyAlfredandcalledhismother.Surprisingly, themothertookthiscalmlyandthebossdecidedtoletthisgo.(要点2) Athome, hewasabouttoshowhisprideinthemother'scalmnesswhenhesawadeeplyworriedmother, whichgreatlyshockedhim.(要点3) 19 1 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 ThePossibleHealthDangersofAirconditioners Althoughmanyofusmayfeelairconditionersbringrelieffromhot, humidorpollutedoutsideair, theyposemanypotentialhealthhazards.Muchresearchhaslookedathowthemovementofairinsideaclosedenvironment—suchasanofficebuilding—canspreaddiseaseorexposepeopleinthebuildingtoharmfulchemicals. OneofthemorewidelypublicizeddangersisthatofLegionnaire'sdisease, whichwasfirstrecognizedinthe1970s.Thiswasfoundtohaveaffectedpeopleinbuildingswithairconditioningsystemsinwhichwarmairpumpedoutofthesystem'scoolingtowerswassomehowsuckedbackintotheairintake, inmostcasesduetopoordesign.Thewarmair, filledwithbacteria, wascombinedwithcooled, conditionedairandwasthencirculatedaroundvariouspartsofthebuilding.Studiesshowedthatevenpeopleoutsidesuchbuildingswereatriskiftheywalkedpastairexhaustpipes. Largeairconditioningsystemsaddwatertotheairtheycirculatebymeansofhumidifiers.Inoldersystems, thewaterusedforthisprocessiskeptinspecialreservoirs, thebottomsofwhichprovidebreedinggroundsforbacteriawhichcanfindtheirwayintotheventilationsystem.Therisktohumanhealthfromthissituationhasbeenhighlightedbythefactthattheimmunesystemsofapproximatelyhalfofworkersinairconditionedofficebuildingshavedevelopedtheabilitytofightofftheorganismsfoundatthebottomofsystemreservoirs.Butchemicalscalled“biocides”areaddedtoreservoirstomakethemgermfree, andtheyaredangerousintheirownrightinsufficientquantities, astheyoftencontaincompoundsstronglylinkedtocancers. Finally, itshouldbepointedoutthattheartificialclimaticenvironmentcreatedbyairconditionerscanalsoaffectus.Inanaturalenvironment, whetherindoororoutdoor, 19 therearesmallvariationsintemperatureandhumidity.Indeed, thehumanbodyhaslongbeenaccustomedtothesenormalchanges.Inanairconditionedlivingorworkingenvironment, however, bodytemperaturesremainwellunder37℃，ournormaltemperature.Thisleadstoaweakenedimmunesystemandthusgreaterexposuretodiseasessuchascoldsandflu. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [答案] Airconditionersbringmanypotentialhealthrisks.(要点1)First, airconditionerswillleadtoLegionnaire'sdisease, causedbybacteriainthewarmairbeingcirculatedduetopoordesignofthesystem.(要点2) Second, chemicalsusedtokillbacteriainthereservoirarerelatedtocancers.(要点3) Third, people'simmunesystemisweakenedduetotheartificialclimaticenvironment.(要点4) 2 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 Highschoolexittestsareteststhatstudentsmustpasstograduatefromhighschool.Inthelastfewyears, however, anumberofstatesinAmericahavedroppedthem.Althoughsomestatesstillusethemfordiplomas, thenumberisdownfromahighof27statesduringthetestingcrazepromotedbyNoChildLeftBehind(NCLB)． Theappearanceofthisphenomenonissmallwonder.Researchesclearlyshowthatexittestshavelittlepositiveeffectsonstudents.A2014reportfoundexittestingwasassociatedwithlowergraduationrates, negativelyaffectedlabormarketoutcomes, and, mostalarmingly, produceda12.5percentincreaseinincarceration(监禁)rates.Exitexams, thestudyconcluded, hadtendedtoaddlittlevalueformoststudents. 19 Exittestingreliesonthefollowingassumptions.Oneisthatstandardizedtestingcanserveasakindof“quality control”forhighschoolgraduates, guaranteeingthatgraduatesarecollegeready.Theotheristhattheyhavepredictingvalueforfuturesuccessinacademicsituations. Butthereislittleevidence.Thetestsdon'texactlymeasurewhattheypretendtomeasure.Forexample, qualitiessuchasintelligence, academicability, collegereadinessarenotdetermined.Thosethatshouldbedevelopedinallyoungpeople, likeresponsibility, criticalthinking，andempathy(移植)，arenotmeasured，either.Evensupportersofexittestshaveacknowledgedthattheydon'tofferreliabledata. Thus, moreandmorepeoplearesuggestingthatexittestscoresoughttobejustonecomponentofthehighschooldiploma.Schoolsshouldconsidermanyotherrecordsincludingcreditsearned, coursestaken, activities, service, projectsandotherelementsofacademicaccomplishmentsothatstudentscanbeevaluatedflexibly.Inotherwords, exittestscoresshouldneverbetheonlycriterionforhighschooldiplomas. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [答案] HighschoolexittestshavebeencancelledinsomestatesinAmericainrecentyears.(要点1) Thisisnotsurprisingbecausestudiesshowtheydolittlegoodtostudents.(要点2) Insteadofensuringcollegereadinessandacademicsuccess, theyactuallydon'tmeasurewhatshouldbemeasured.(要点3) Therefore, exittestscoresshouldonlybeonepartofthestandardsofhighschooldiplomas.(要点4) 3 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 Mostpeoplewanttobehappy, butfewknowhowtofindhappiness.Moneyan 19 dsuccessalonedonotbringlastinghappiness.Aristotle, aGreekthinker, said, “Happiness depends upon ourselves.”Inotherwords, wemakeourownhappiness.Hereareafewsuggestionstohelpyoubehappier. Thefirstsecretofhappinessistoenjoythesimplethingsinlife.Toooften, wespendsomuchtimethinkingaboutthefuture—forexample, gettingintocollegeorgettingagoodjob—thatwefailtoenjoythepresent.Youshouldenjoylife'ssimplepleasures, suchasreadingagoodbook, listeningtoyourfavoritemusic, orspendingtimewithclosefriends.Peoplewhohaveseveralclosefriendsoftenlivehappierandhealthierlives. Anothersecrettolivingahappylifeistobeactive, andhavehobbieswhereyouforgetyourproblemsandtime.Manypeopleexperiencethisdancing, orplayingasport, suchasswimming.Youcanforgetaboutyourproblems, andonlythinkabouttheactivity. Finally, manypeoplefindhappinessinhelpingothers.Studiesshowthatpeoplefeelgoodwhentheyspendtheirtimehelpingothers.Ifyouwanttofeelhappier，dogoodthingsforsomeone.Youcanhelpafriendwithhisorherstudies, goshoppingtobuyfoodforanelderlyperson, orsimplyhelpoutaroundthehousebywashingthedishes. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [答案] Thoughmanypeoplewanthappiness, theydon'tknowhowtogetit.(要点1)Firstly, youshouldenjoysimplepleasuresinourdailylife.(要点2)Secondly, youshouldtakeanactivepartinvariousactivitiesandforgetyourworries. (要点3)Finally, youcangethappinessfromhelpingothersinourdailylife.(要点4) 4 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 Couldyoubeaflexitarian? 19 Whatkindoffooddoyoueat?Areyouconsciousofthetypesoffoodyouconsume? Althoughthereisresearchontherightdiettofollowtohelpusmaintainahealthylifestyle—butit'shardtoknowwhichonetopickand, oncechosen, it'sharderstilltosticktoit.Andnowthere'sanotherchoiceforyou. Aflexitariandietinvolveseatingplantbasedfoodsandonlyoccasionallyeatingmeatandfish.Thisisalovelyalternativetobeingavegetarianbynotcompletelyresistingmeat. Thiseatingstyleallowsyoutosupplementsomeingredientsthatyouwouldn'tgetinastrictervegan(纯素) diet.Andlikeveganism, flexitarianismisn'tabouteatingcarefullytohelpyouloseafewpounds—it'ssomethingpeoplechooseforethicalreasons, tohelptheplanet.Andastudyintotheglobalfoodsystemandhowitaffectstheclimate, hasfoundthateatingmainlyplantbasedfoodsisoneofthreekeystepstowardsasustainablefutureforall. Thisresearchfoundthatfoodwastewillneedtobehalvedandfarmingpracticeswillalsohavetoimprovetoachievethis.Butwithoutasinglesolution, acombinedapproachisneeded.Dr.MarcoSpringmann, oneoftheleadauthorsofthereportargued“Wereallyfoundthatacombinationofmeasureswouldbeneededtostaywithinenvironmentallimitsandthoseincludechangestowardshealthiermoreplantbaseddiets.” Whilevegansthinkit'swrongforanimalstobekilledforfood, flexitariansbelieveeatingmeatonceinawhileisacceptable.AndDr.Springmannagrees—aslongaswe“treat it as a luxury, it's probably acceptable but you shouldn't have more than one serving of red meat, which includes beef and pork, per week”.Andhere'sanotherfacttodigest: Ifwemovedtothistypeofdiet, thestudyfoundthatgreenhousegasemissionsfromagriculturewouldbecutbymorethanhalf. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [答案] 19 Tohelpmaintainahealthylifestyle, weneedtokeeparightdiet, butchoosingfoodisreallyhard.(要点1) Unlikevegandiets, aflexitarianone, eatingmainlyplantbasedfoodsandoccasionallyhavingmeat, canbebeneficialtotheenvironmentaswellasourhealth.(要点2) Ofcourse, theamountofmeatonetakesshouldbelimited.(要点3) 5 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 Wherearethebees? Beesareessentialtotheproductionoffoodweeat.Beesmakehoney, buttheyalsopollinatelargeareasofcrops, suchasstrawberries, applesandonions.Aboutathirdofthefoodweeatisaresultofpollination(传授花粉) ofthebees.Unfortunately, beeshavebeendisappearingatanalarmingrate. In2006, beekeepersstartedreportingaboutsomethingcalledColonyCollapseDisaster(CCD).ThemainsignofCCDisthelossofadulthoneybeesfromahive.InOctoberof2006, somebeekeepersreportedthattheyhadlostbetween30and90percentoftheirhives. Thereweremanytheoriesforthedisappearanceofthebees.Butthemostconvincingonehastodowithpesticidesandlifestylesofbeestoday.Nowadays, beekeepersgetmostoftheirincomenotfromproducinghoneybutfromrentingbeestopollinateplants.Thismeansthatthelifeofthetypicalbeenowconsistsoftravellingallaroundthecountrytopollinatecropsastheseasonschange.Thatmeansalotoftravelingontrucks, whichisverystressfultobees.Itisnotunusualforupto30%ofthehivetodieduringtransportduetostress.Inaddition, beesthatspendmostoftheirtimelockedupontrucksarenotexposedtowhattheyusuallyliveon.Instead, theyliveonasweetliquidfromcorn, usuallypollutedwithpesticides. Theexactreasonforthedisappearanceofbeesisnotsure, butlosingbeesisverycostlytotheeconomy.Thebeepollinationservicesareworthover$8billionayear.Withnobees, pollinationwillhavetobedonebyhand, whichwouldhaveeffectsonthequalityoffoodandincreasedfoodpriced.Wehearalotaboutbigenvironmentaldisastersalmosteveryday.Butoneofthebiggestmayjustbethelessofthattin 19 yflyinginsect. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [答案] Beesnotonlyprovideuswithhoney, butalsohelppollinatecrops.(要点1) However, theyaredisappearingatanalarmingrateforsomeunknownreason, whichwillbedisastroustousandeconomy.(要点2) Somepeoplethinkitisthepesticidewhileothersthinkitisduetotransport.(要点3) 6 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 Thelifeofajournalistcanbeexciting.Tobeinconstantpursuitofthelatestnewsdemandsacuriositythatcanonlyberewardedbygettingto“where it is happening”assoonaspossible.Thegoal, ofcourse, istorelatewhatishappeningtothepublicasclearlyaspossible. However, everyjournalistmustbecarefultoreportnotonlyavividpictureofwhatishappening, butatruepicture.Eachjournalistreportshisorherownversionofwhathastakenplace.Still, thisversionmustbeanactualaccountifthereporteristomaintainareliablereputation. Inordertogettothetruthinsomenewsstories, areportermustrelyonthestatementsofsomeonewhoisontheinsideofthesituation.Oftenthisinsiderwillonlytalktoareporterifthereporterpromisesnevertorevealtheinsider'sname.Theinsiderusuallythreatensnevertoadmitmeetingwiththereporterifhisorhernameisrevealed. Becausestoriesofthisnatureofteninvolvecriminalactivity, reportingthembecomesadangerousjob. Thiskindofworkinvolvedinobtainingnewsinthismannerservesasaninvitingsituationfortheunderworldaswellasthelegalworld.Membersoftheunderworldwanttofindoutwhotheinsiderissothattheycankeephimorherquiet.Membersofthelegalworldclaimthatthereporte 19 rwillobstruct(阻挠) justiceifheorshefailstodisclosetheinsider'sname. Devotionhasgivenjournalismitsreputationforreliability—areliabilitythateachjournalistisexpectedtoupholdinhisorhersearchfortruth.Supplyingatruthfulaccountofeachday'soccurrencesistheseriouscontractmadebetweenreporterandthepublic. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [答案] Excitingasitistobeajournalist, everyjournalistmusttakecaretoreportwhathappenedvividly.(要点1)Besides, theyshouldbefollowedbyatruepicture.(要点2) Areportermustdependonthestatementsofwhoeverisonthescene, soastogettothetruthinsomenewsstories.(要点3) Itisdevotionthathasgivenjournalismitsreputationforreliability.(要点4) 1 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 Doyouhavetoomanypairsofshoesorsomeotheroldthingslyingaroundyourhome? I'msuremanyofushavetoomuchstuffthatwedon'treallyuseandwhenitstartsgettingoutofhand, itreallyistimetodosomespringcleaning. However, decidingwhichitemstogetridofcanbetrickyespeciallyifyouarematerialistic, believingthatphysicalpossessionsarethemostimportantthinginlife.Also, somepeoplearesentimental(感伤的) aboutlettinggooftheirpersonalpossessions.Butifyouhaven'tgotroominyourhousetomove, it'stimetoassesswhatisreallyimportanttoyouanddecidewhatareyourprizedpossessionsandwhatisjustjunk. Insteadofjustthrowingitawayandfillinguplandfillsites, itemscouldberecycledorgiventoacharitytoresell.Youcouldalsomakesome 19 moneybyusingwebsiteswherepeoplearewillingtopayforsecondhandgoods.Somepeoplearedeliberatelytryingtokeeplifesimple.BeaJohnson, authorofZeroWasteHome, hasdonethis.Shesays, “We'veaskedreallytruequestions, andassessedeverysinglethingthatwehave.Thereisnothingthatwemissed.Ievencametolookatmyvegetablepeeler(削皮器) forexampleandaskedmyself, ‘DoIreallyneedthatvegetablepeeler？’” Ofcourse, ifyou'reashopaholicorafashionvictim, it'shardtostopbuyingandshoppingonlinemakesbuyingstuffveryeasy.JamesWallmanisawriterandjournalist.Hequestionswhatweactuallyneed.Hesays, “I'mnotantistuff.Stuffisgood.I'mantitoomuchstuffandI'mantithewrongstuff.Don'tgooutandbuythatlabelledgoodthatyouthinkisgoingtomakepeoplethinksomethingmoreofyou.That'snotgoingtomakeyouhappy.” ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [答案] Olduselessthingsinthehousearetoberemoved.(要点1)However, ittakestimeandevenpainstoevaluateimportantitemsanddecidewhattogetridof.(要点2)Insteadofbeingthrownaway, oldthingscouldbemanagedbetterinotherways.(要点3)Apartfromthis, itisalsoadvisedthatpeopleshouldnotbuystuffthattheydon'tneed, justtokeeplifesimple.(要点4) 2 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 Onceuponatime, eatingalonewasjustthat: sittingdowninarestaurantonone'sownandeatingameal.Everyonediditsometimes, andwhentheydidsotheymightbealittleembarrassed.Toeatalonemightsuggestthatyoudidn'thaveanyfamilyorfriends, ordidn'tlikepeople.Therewasakindofshameattachedtoit.Nowadays, however, thereismoreandmoresolitary(独自的) eating. 19 Peoplechoosetoeataloneforvariousreasons.“Foodies”—peoplewhohaveapassionateinterestindifferentcuisines(美食)—doitbecausealltheyneedfortheirpleasureisthechancetoeatgoodfood.Theydon'twantcompanyorconversation, butonlythejoyofeatingsomespecialdish. Otherpeopleeatalonebecauseit'ssimplypracticalforthemtodoso.Forinstance, it'sestimatedthatnearlyathirdofallthecustomersoffastfoodrestaurantseatalone.Theyareservedwiththeirfoodfast, eatitfastandthenleavefast—becausetheyhaveameetingtomakeorachildtopickupfromschool. Butforothers, theappealofeatingaloneisquitedifferent.It'sanexperienceoffreedom.Forthehourthatittakestohaveameal.theycanforgetallthepressuresoftheirlives.Forabriefwindow, theydon'thavetodealwiththeirfamilyorjob.Theycanrelaxandlettheirmindwander.Maybetheywillbringabook, anewspaperorperhapstheywillshylyspyonthepeoplearoundthem.Partoftheappealofthisnewtrendissurelythatamealtakenaloneislikealittleholidayfromthebusynessofmodernlife, inwhichwehavesomuchtodoallthetime.DavidAnnand, editorofUSbasedCondeNastTravelermagazine, whodelightsindiningalone, speaksofhispleasureinthe“rhythmofamealinarestaurant—itsebbandflow(人来人往), theregulararrivalanddepartureofthewaiter”.Thisrestaurantrhythmallowshimandothers, hewrites, tositback, observe, andthink. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [答案] Nowadays, however, thereismoreandmoresolitaryeating.(要点1)“Foodies”doitbecausealltheyneedfortheirpleasureisthechancetoeatgoodfood.(要点2) Besides, otherpeopleeatalonebecauseit'ssimplypracticalforthemtodoso.(要点3) Lastly, forothers, theappealofeatingisanexperienceoffreedom.(要点4) 19 3 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 Didyouknowthat60.2%ofUSfamiliesowndogs?That'sover75millionfamilies.Besidesgettingafaithfulcompanion, thesefriendsalsoprovidemanyhealthbenefitsthatcanbetrulylifechangingforyourfitnessandwellness. Mostdogsneedtodotheirbusinessoutsidemanytimesperday, soyouareupandmovingmoreoftenthannonpetowners.Theaveragedogownerspends300minutesperweekwalking, comparedtoanonpetowner's168minutes.Frequentdailyexerciselowersyourbloodpressureandreducesyourchancesofsufferingfromheartdisease. Yourphysicalhealthisn'ttheonlythingthatgetsbetterwithacompaniondog.Youcanalsoimproveyourmentalwellbeing.Peoplesufferingfromanxietyfindithelpfultohaveadogonhandthat'shappytoprovideassistance.Youcanfindmanydogsoperatingasemotionalsupportanimals, andhelppeopleinstressfulsituationsfeelbetter.Ifyourdogisamoreactivetype, youcouldfindyourselftakingyourfriendallovertheplace.Ifyoutakeyourdogtotheforest, youactuallyloweryourtendencytosuffernegative(消极的) feelings.Aresearchstudydiscoveredthatthepartofthebrainthatismostactivewhenyoudealwithnegativethingscalmsdownwhenyouspendtimeamongthetrees. Thedogownershiproutineallowsyoutobuildhealthyhabitsanditalsogivesyoutheopportunitytomakesocialconnections.Dogparksarefilledwithpeopleyoushareacommoninterestwith, andthereareplentyofpeoplewholovetogivedogsafriendlypat(轻拍)duringwalks.Alloftheseareopportunitiestohavenewgreatfriendshipsandotheremotionalconnections. Yourdoctormightnotwritedownadogprescription(处方)，butwhenyoubecomeadogowner, yougetplentyofhealthbenefits. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 19 [答案] ManyUSfamilieshavedogsandthesecompanionanimalshelpimprovepeople'shealthinmanyways. (要点1) Takingthedogforawalkeverydaycontributestophysicalhealth. (要点2) Besides, dogs, whichcanofferpeopleemotionalsupportorgetthemclosetonature, bringpsychologicalbenefits.(要点3) Theyalsoprovidemorechancesofpositivesocialinteractionwithpeopleofthesameinterest. (要点4) 4 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 Nowadays, itismostprobablethatyouhaveanelectronicdeviceloadedwithhundredsoreventhousandsofyourfavouritesongs.Atanymomentintime, youcanfullyourheadphoneswiththesoundsofaparticularsongthatsuitsyourmoodatthatexacttime. Musicissocommon.Buthaveyourealizedthepowerofit?Areyougettingreadyforabigsoccermatchordoyouneedtogetexcited? Maybesomehiphopwithastrongbeatwilldothetrick! Besides, youmightbereadytostudyforabigexamthenextday.Tohelpyoustudybetter，alittlebitofMozartmightmakeyourememberthingsbetter. Wemayallhavebeenmovedbyparticularsongsthatspoketousinsomesituations.Butisthereanyscientificevidenceshowingthatmusicreallyhassucheffectonpeople? Ofcourse, thereis!Scientistshavelongrecognizedthepowerofmusic.Overtheyears, manystudieshavebeendonetoexamineingreaterdepththenatureandextentoftheeffectsmusichasonpeople. Forexample, scientistsattheUniversityofMissourihavefoundthatlisteningtomusiccanhavepositiveeffectsonyourmood.Theirresearchgivesscientificcredibility(可靠性) tothebehaviorthatmanypeoplehavealreadyexperiencedontheirown: listeningtoupbeatmusiccanbrightenyourdayandboostyourmood. Otherstudieshaveshownthatupbeatmusicisn'ttheonlytypeofmusicthatcanbehelpful，however.Whenpeoplearesadorhavesufferedapersonalloss, 19 sadmusiccanbehelpfulbecausethetoneandlyricsofthemusiccanresonate(引起共鸣) withthelisteners.Likewise，peopleunderalotofstressorexperiencingupsettingsituationscanbenefitfromlisteningtoangrymusic.Althoughangrymusicmightnothelpyouifyou'reinanormalmood, itstonecanbenefityouwhenyouaredealingwithstressfulandupsettingsituations. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [答案] Nowadays, withmoderndevices, musictoyourtasteiseasilyaccessible. (要点1) Yet, itspower, whichmightbenefityou, isnotfullyrealized.(要点2) Scientistshaveresearchedintothenatureandextentofmusic'seffectsonhumans. (要点3)Forinstance, scientistsattheUniversityofMissourihaveprovenupbeatmusiccancheeryouup. (要点4) Besides, sadmusicandangrymusichavealsobeenfoundtobehelpful.(要点5) 5 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 WorkisaveryimportantpartoflifeintheUnitedStates.Whentheearlyimmigrantscametothiscountry, theybroughttheideathatworkwasthewaytoGodandheaven.ThisattitudestillinfluencesAmericatoday.Workisnotonlyimportantforthesalary, butalsoforsocialandpsychologicalworking, beingproductive.FormostAmericans, theyarewhattheydo.Whathappens, then, whenapersonretiresattheageofsixtyfiveorseventy?It'seasytoimaginethatretirementisnoeasything.Retireesoftenfeeltheyareunproductiveandnolongerneededbyothers. Oncepeopleretire, theymayalsogetintofinancialtrouble.ManypeoplerelyonSocialSecuritycheckseverymonth.Duringtheirworkingyears, 19 employeescontributeacertainpercentageoftheirsalariestothegovernment.Whenpeopleretire, theyreceivethismoneyasincome.Thesechecksdonotprovideenoughmoneytoliveon, however, becausepricesareincreasingveryrapidly.Afterretirement, theyhavetochangetheirlifestyles.Theyhavetospendcarefullytobesurethattheycanaffordtobuyfood, fuel, andothernecessities. Ofcourse, notallseniorcitizensfeelsadwhentheyareinfaceofretirement.Workingforsomanyyears, theyeventuallyhavetimetospendwiththeirfamiliesortoenjoytheirhobbiessuchasreading, travelingorjoiningsomeseniorcitizenclubs.Somecontinuetoworkparttime; otherschoosetodovolunteerworklikehelpingyoungpeopletogetstartedinnewbusiness. Americangovernmentistakingstepstoeasetheproblemsofretiredpeople.Theyarebuildingnewhousing, offeringdiscountsinstoresandmuseumsandonbuses, andprovidingotherservices, suchasfreecourses, foodservice, andhelpwithhousework.Itiswisetodoso.Retiredcitizensareanimportantpartofthepopulationandtheirspecialneedsmustbeconcernedabout.Afterall, everyonewillbeaseniorcitizensomeday. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [答案] WorkplaysanextremelyimportantroleinAmericanculture, sopeoplefindretirementdifficultastheymayfeeluselesswithoutjobs.(要点1) RetirementcanalsobringfinancialproblemsasSocialSecuritychecksdon'tprovideenoughmoney.(要点2) However, someseniorcitizensfeelhappyaboutretirementastheyfinallygettimetodowhattheyreallywant.(要点3) Americangovernmentissolvingretiredcitizens'problemsandconcerningtheirspecialneeds, whichiswiseandnecessary, becauseeveryonewillgetold.(要点4) 6 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 19 UnfairComparisons Thankstosocialmedia, thedistancebetweenfriendsissmallerthanever.Butdoesthatmakeushappier? Notnecessarily.Arecentstudyhasfoundspendingtoomuchtimecomparingyourlifewiththeseeminglyperfectlivesofyourfriendsonsocialmediacanresultindepressivesymptoms. We'vealldoneit—browsingthroughourWeChatfriends'updateswhilefeelingthatgreeneyedmonsterholdingitsheadinourminds: Aretheirhomesbiggerandmoretasteful? Aretheirvacationsmoreexpensiveandexciting? Aretheircareersmoresuccessfulandrewarding? Comparisonisthethiefofjoy.Themoretimeyouspendonsocialmedia, themorelikelyitisforyoutofeeldepressivesymptoms, accordingtoanewstudyoutofUniversityofHouston.Thestudy, ledbyMaiLySteers, examinesthepotentialimpactonlinesocialcomparisoncanhaveonaperson'smentalhealth. “Theunderlyingmechanismissocialcomparison，”Steerssaid.“The reason why you feel these feelings is that you tend to socially compare yourself with your friends.” ThissocialcomparisontheorywaspopularizedbyUSpsychologistLeonFestingerinthe1950s.AccordingtoanarticleinTheAtlantic, Festingerarguedthatpeoplehaveborntendenciestotracktheirprogressandmeasuretheirselfworthbycomparingthemselveswithotherpeople.Thatsocialcomparisonleadstofeelingsofinsignificanceandinsecurity.Researchhassincefoundthatmakingsocialcomparisons, especiallyupwardcomparisons(topeoplewethinkaboveusforwhateverreason), isassociatedwithnegativehealthoutcomeslikedepressivesymptomsanddecreasedselfesteem. “Youcan'treallycontrolthestrongdesiretocomparebecauseyouneverknowwhatyourfriendsaregoingtopost.Inaddition, mostofourfriendstendtopostaboutthegoodthingsthatoccurintheirlives, whileleavingoutthebad.Ifwe'recomparingourselveswithourfriends’‘sharablehighlights’，thismayleadustothinktheirlivesarebetterthantheyactuallyare, 19 andthusmakeusfeelworseaboutourownlives.” Soifyouarethejealoustype, maybethinkaboutsigningoffofyourWeChatforawhile.Yourwellbeingmaydependonit. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [答案] Socialmediacancausedepressivesymptoms, becausepeoplearelikelytocomparewiththeirfriends.(要点1) Itcanresultininsignificantandinsecurefeelingsaboutthemselves, sincetheycannotresisttheirowndesiretocomparewiththeirfriendsabouttheirgoodthings.(要点2) Therefore, peopleshouldstayawayfromtheWeChatforawhile.(要点3) 19查看更多