非谓语动词《破解2020年中考英语之易错易混点丢分题》（原卷版）

非谓语动词《破解2020年中考英语之易错易混点丢分题》（原卷版）

【2019 • 四川省凉山中考】—Is it necessary _________ us _________ some photos before saving the old man? —Yes, it is. We can protect ourselves if we do so. A. of; taking B. for; taking C. of; to take D. for; to take 【参考答案】D 【试题解析】句意：——在救那个老人之前，我们有必要拍些照片吗？——是的，它是。如果我们这样做， 我们可以保护自己。It’s +adj. for /of sb. to do sth “对某人来说做某事……样”，该结构中 it 为形式主语， 不定式短语为真正的主语，故排除 A、B 两项；通常由 of 或 for 引出不定式动作的执行者，如果形容词是描 述不定式行为者的性格、品质的，如 kind，good，nice，right，wrong，clever，careless，polite，foolish 等， 用 of sb.；如果形容词是仅仅来描述事物的，如：difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous，（ im）possible 用 for 引出动作的执行者，故选 D。 此题如果学生分不清 it is adj. for sb. to do sth.和 it is adj. for sb. doing sth.，学生很容易误选 B， to do 表 示有目的性，doing 表示正在进行。此处表示在救那个老人之前，我们有必要拍些照片吗？故选 D。 1. 动词不定式的作用 句子成分 用法 例句 作主语 谓语动词用单数形式，为避免＂头重脚轻＂常用 it 作形 式主语。常用句型有： ①It is +adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为＂做某事对某 To master a language is not easy=It is not easy to master a language.学好一 门语言是不容易的。 人来说是……＂。 ②It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为＂做某事花费某 人多长时间＂。 作宾语 常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：would like, want, like,hope, wish, plan，decide,learn, agree, try, remember, forget, expect, refuse, afford, prefer, continue, promise, begin, start 等 think, find, believe 等动词可用于＂动词 +it+adj.+to do sth.＂句型中。it 作形式宾语，而真正的宾 语是后面的不定式。 I would like to make friends with you. 我想要和你交朋友。 I find it difficult to pass my math exam.我发现要通过数学考试很难。 作定语 动词不定式放在名词、代词后作定语，两者之间常有逻 辑上的动宾关系，因此，如果不定式中的动词是不及物 动词，后面应该加上相应的介词。常接不定式作定语的 名词有：time, need, way, chance, opportunity, courage, reason, effort, determination, decision ,ability, ambition Can you give me a pen to write with? 能给我一只用于书写的笔吗？ Do you have something to say?你有 什么要说的吗？ 作状语 不定式常可用作状语，修饰动词，表示行为的目的、结 果和原因。 To do a good job,we must have the right tools. 要干好活工具要对头。 作表语 放在系动词后作表语。 My dream is to be an engineer.我想成 为一名工程师。 2. 不定式的特殊用法 ①使役动词和感官动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，须省略 to。此类动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)、五帮(help)。变为被动语态时，省略的 to 则要加上。 ②动词不定式的否定形式是 not to do，其被动形式为 to be done。 ►Our teacher asked us not to swim in the river alone. 我们老师要求我们不要独自一人在河里游泳。 ③常接＂疑问词+带 to 的不定式＂的动词有 teach, show, tell, learn, find out, decide, know, forget 等。 ►My mother taught me how to cook yesterday. 昨天我妈妈教我如何做饭。 非谓语动词解题七大原则 原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式。 原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用-ing。 原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing 或不定式，其区别是，一般用-ing，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意 料之中。不定式作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。 原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的 被动式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用-ing 的被动式。 原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致。 原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式（根据情况可用不定式的完成式或-ing 的完成式）。 原则七：用于名词后作定语时：用不定式，表示动作尚未发生；用-ing，表示动作正在进行；用过去分词， 表示动作被动、完成。 【巧学妙记】 巧记后跟动名词作宾语的动词 喜欢(enjoy)不断(keep)提建议(suggest) 盼望(look forward to)习惯(be used to)却完毕(finish) 想要(feel like)花费(spend)去练习(practice) 忍俊不禁(can’t help)还介意(mind) 【巧学妙记】 后跟 to do 作宾语的动词（词组） (1)想要，拒绝，忘记 (want/would like, refuse, forget) (2)需要，努力，学习 (need, try, learn) (3)喜欢，同意，帮助 (like, agree, help) (4)希望，决定，开始 (hope/wish, decide, begin/start) 【2019 • 湖北省咸宁中考】— Come and see! The baby is crying. —Please do something to make him _________. A. stop crying B. stop to cry C. crying D. cry 【参考答案】A 【试题解析】句意：——过来看看！婴儿在哭。 ——做点什么让他别哭了。A. stop crying 停止哭；B. stop to cry 停下来去哭；C 为动名词；D 为的动词原形。make sb . do sth. 使某人做某事，make 后跟动词原 形，排除 C；还考查了 stop 的用法。stop doing sth. 是停止做某事；stop to do sth. 是停下来做另一件事。结 合语境：The baby is crying. 婴儿在哭。可知，应该是做点什么让婴儿别哭了。故选 A。 此题考查短语 stop doing sth.的用法，stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事，stop doing sth. 停止做某事，学生 掌握住这个知识点就能做对此题。有类似用法的动词有：forget, remember 等等。 （一）动名词的构成 动名词是由＂动词+-ing＂构成，和现在分词形式一样，兼有动词和名词的特点。 （二）动名词作用 句子成分 用法 例句 作主语 单个动名词作主语时谓语动词用单 数形式，常用的句型结构有： It is no use（good）+v.ing. Seeing is believing.眼见为实。 It is no use arguing again.再去争吵也没有用。 作表语 放在系动词后面作表语 Her job is looking after the children.她的工作 是照顾这些小孩子。 作宾语 用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式作宾 语的词有：avoid, finish, consider, give up, cannot help, allow, imagine, include, keep, mind, practice, suggest， succeed in, be used to do, look forward to, enjoy, be busy No matter what happened, I won’t give up achieving my dream.不管发生了什么事情， 我都不会放弃去实现我的梦想。 作定语 用于名词前，起修饰说明作用 There is a swimming pool in her home.她家有 个游泳池。 （三）动名词的特殊用法 即可接动词不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词有： love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, start, continue, intend, attempt, can’t bear, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, neglect, try, deserve, can’t afford 等动词。 有时两者之间的意义差别不大，但 remember, regret, want, try 等词后差别比较明显。 1. 【2019 • 广西省河池中考】My parents don’t allow me _________ TV on school nights. A. to watch B. watch C. watches D. watching 2. 【2019 • 四川省内江中考】—Where is Mike? —I saw him _________ with Mr. Smith in the hallways just now. A. to talk B. talking C. talked D. talks 3. 【2019 • 云南省昆明中考】Yunnan Museum is such an interesting place that many kids have fun it. A. visiting B. to visit C. reading D. to read 4. 【2019 • 四川省遂宁中考】These foreigners are practicing Chinese. A. to speak B. speaking C. speak D. speaks 5. 【2019 • 内蒙古呼和浩特中考】It is wise Linda to make up her mind to play an instrument. A. for; learning B. for; to learn C. of; learning D. of; to learn 6. 【2019 • 湖南省湘潭中考】—Alex, would you mind down the music? It’s too noisy. —Sorry, dad. I’ll do it right away. A. turn B. turning C. to turn 7. 【2019 • 海南省中考中考】Mrs Green refuses sweet food. She doesn’t want to get fat. A. eat B. eating C. to eat 8.【2019 • 河南省中考中考】—Do you always get up so early? —Yes, _________ the first bus. My home is far away from school. A. catch B. to catch C. catching D. caught 9. 【2019 • 黑龙江省哈尔滨中考】Kids like reading stories which can make them _________. A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughing 10.【2019 • 湖南省湘西中考】—John, remember _________ off the lights when you leave the classroom. —No problem！ A. turn B. turned C. to turn 11. 【2019 • 湖南省岳阳中考】People enjoy _________ zongzi on the Dragon Boat Festival. A. eat B. eating C. to eat 12. 【2019 • 江苏省南京中考】—Do you have any plans for the holiday? —Yes, I’m planning to travel to Jiuzhaigou. I’m looking forward to _________ the colourful lakes and amazing waterfalls. A. see B. seeing C. sees D. saw 13. 【2019 • 四川省自贡中考】—My uncle is against wasting anything. —No wonder he would rather _________ the old bike than _________ a new one. A. repair; to buy B. to repair; buy C. repair; buy 14. 【2019 • 天津市中考】The government is setting up nature parks _________ protect pandas. A. to help B. help C. helped D. helps 15. 【2019 • 贵州省安顺中考】—What time do you get up in the morning on school days? —I get up at 7:00 every morning to avoid _________ the early bus. A. miss B. missed C. missing D. to miss 16.【2019 • 四川省成都中考】Smart phones _________ by Huawei are getting more and more popular around the world. A. made B. making C. to make 17. 【2019 • 甘肃省天水中考】Hong Kong Disneyland is well worth _________. A. to visit B. visited C. visit D. visiting 18. 【2019 • 甘肃省兰州中考】We are supposed _________ some housework with our parents when we have free time. A. to share B. sharing C. shared D. share 19. 【2019 • 贵州省毕节中考】Betty is often seen _________ the lonely old man with his housework. A. to help B. helping C. helps D. helped 1. (广东梅州县颈义中学 2019---2020 学年第一学期中段联考) It took me ten days reading the novels written by Guo Jingming. A. finish B. to finish C. finished D. finishing 2. (济南汇才学校 2019-2020 学年度第一学期期中) Some students think it useful _________ English songs to improve their English. A. sang B. to sing C. singing D. sings 3. (河南省南阳市内乡县 2019 届九年级中招一模) ________ challenges actively, and then you’ll try your best to overcome them and you will become a better person. A. To face B. Face C. Facing D. Faces 4. (安徽省桐城市第二中学 2019 届九年级下学期第三次模拟) I prefer ______ the failure rather than ______ my dream. A. experience; to give up B. to experience; give up C. experienceing; giving up D. to experience; to give up 5. (北京市上地实验学校 2019-2020 学年九年级上学期第二次统练) .Aunt Li often asks her son ________ too much meat. It’s bad for his health. A. eating B. not to eat C. not eating D. to eat 6. 珠海市北大附属实验学校初中部 2020 届九年级上学期 10 月调研) I love this song by Liang Bo. Would you mind ____ the TV a bit ? I can’t hear it clearly. A. turning on B. to turn off C. turning up D. turn up 7. (广东省江门市恩平 2019-2020 学年度第一学期期中调研)It shows that the population in countries is larger than in developed countries. A. developed；that B. developing；those C. developing；that D. developed；those 8. (2019 年江苏省连云港市赣榆实验中学中考英语模拟)—How do you feel after watching the movie Amazing, My Country? —Well, I think it is lucky for us _______ this great country. A. to live B. to live in C. living D. living in 9. (河南南阳方城县 2019 年中招模拟)—Thanks a lot for getting out of your way _______ me. —It’s my pleasure. A. help B. helping C. helped D. to help 10. (2019 年汕头市潮南区模拟) 10. Mr .Green found Tom a novel in class when he came in. A. is reading B. reading C. read D. to read 11. (甘肃省民勤县民勤六中 2019—2020 学年度第一学期期中) —Peter has changed a lot, hasn’t he? —Yes. He used to _____ the guitar, but now he is used to _____ soccer. A. plays; playing B. play; plats C. play; playing D. playing; play 12. (云南石林 鹿阜中学 2019-2020 学年上学期九月学情检测) It’s too hard _________ the spoken English when watching English movies. A. to understand B. understand C. understanding D. understood 13. (盘锦市大洼区田家学校 2019—2020 第一学期九年级第二次质检) We’ll do what we can _____ our environment. A. protect B. to protect C. be protected D. be protecting 14. (江苏省徐州市泉山区 2020 届第一月考) We find _______ impossible for us _______ a foreign language well in a short time. A. that; learning B. this; to learn C. one; learning D. it; to learn 15. (安徽省潜山市第四中学 2020 届上学期第二次月考) The high-speed railway “Fu Xing Hao” ______ Beijing with shanghai has been in service since June 26, 2017. A. connects B. to connect C. connected D. connecting