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2020届二轮复习情态动词和虚拟语课件(50张)
2020 届二轮复习 情态动词和虚拟语气 一、常用情态动词的基本用法 1 . can , could 的用法 情态动词 情态动词 用法 can/ could 表能力 can 表示现在的能力, could 表示过去的能力。 表请求 could 不表示过去,只表示语气的委婉、客气,但回答时必须用 can 。 情态动词 用法 can/ could 表可能性 (1) 一般用在否定句及疑问句中, could 可用于肯定句; (2) 用于肯定句,表示理论上的可能性或一时的情况;常译为 “ 有时会 ” 。 表情感 用于否定句、疑问句和感叹句中,表惊奇、怀疑、不相信的态度。 固定句型 cannot … too/enough 表示 “ 无论 …… 也不过分;越 …… 越好 ” ; cannot but do sth. 表示 “ 只能,不得不 ” 。 情态动词 用法 易错 点津 (1) 表示能力时, can 与 be able to 意义相同,但是 can 仅用在一般现在时及一般过去时 (could) , be able to 可用于更多时态; (2) 过去形式的 could 与 was /were able to 相比, could 仅说明具备某种能力,而 was/ were able to 则侧重通过某种努力已经达到某种结果,常译为 “ 成功做到了 ” 。 2. may , might 的用法 情态动词 用法 may/ might 表请求、允许 might 不表示过去,仅表示语气更加委婉、客气。 表可能性 表示把握性不大的推测,不用于疑问句中; might 表示的可能性比 may 更小。 情态 动词 用法 may/ might 表祝愿 表示祝愿时将 may 放在句首,其后的句子要用动词原形。 固定 用法 may/might as well do sth. 是其常见的固定用法,意为 “ 不妨做某事;还是做某事为好 ” 。 3. will , would 的用法 情态动词 用法 will/ would 用于第二人称作主语的疑问句,表示请求、建议等。 表示意志、决心或愿望。 表示客观上的习惯, will 表示现在, would 表示过去。 表示推测或猜想。 表示按规律 “ 注定会 ” 。 情态动词 用法 易错点津 would 表示过去的习惯时仅指动作,而且不与现在作对比; used to 表示过去的习惯动作或状态,而且与现在作对比,说明现在这种动作或状态已经不存在。 4. should , shall , ought to 的用法 情态动词 用法 shall 用在第一、三人称的疑问句中,表示征求对方的意见或请示。 用于第二、三人称的陈述句,表示说话者的命令、警告、许诺、威胁等语气;此外,用于法律、规定时用 shall 。 情态动词 用法 should 表示义务、责任、劝告或建议,意为 “ 应该 ” ,与 ought to 基本相同; should 表示主观, ought to 表示客观。 用于表示预测,意为 “ 应该会;按理说;想必会 ” 。 用在表示感情或意志等的 that 从句中,意为 “ 竟然 …… ;居然 ……” 。 情态动词 用法 ought to 表示义务,意为 “ 应当 ” ,语气比 should 强。 表示 “ 推测 ” ,常用于肯定句、否定句中。 易错点津 ought to 表推测时,语气要比 must 轻,表示并非十分肯定,而 must 则表示十分肯定。 5. must , have to 的用法 情态 动词 用法 must must 表示非常有把握的推测,仅用于肯定句。 表示 “ 必须;应该 ” 。 表示说话者的感情色彩,暗含不耐烦或与自己的愿望相反,意为 “ 偏要;非要 ” 。 情态动词 用法 have to 意为 “ 必须;不得不 ” 时,意义与 must 相近,但 must 表示说话人的主观看法;而 have to 强调客观需要。 易错点津 (1) 在回答 must 的问句时,否定回答通常用 needn't 或 don't have to; (2)mustn't 表示 “ 禁止;不许 ” ;而 don't have to 表示 “ 不必 ” ; (3)must 只有一种形式,而 have to 有人称、时态和单复数的变化。 6. need , dare 的用法 情态动词 用法 need 表示 “ 需要、必要 ” 之意,作情态动词时,仅用于否定句和疑问句中,且只有现在时,其他时态常用 have to 的相应形式代替。 若用作实义动词时,其变化与一般动词相同,后面可以接 “ to +动词原形 ” 作宾语。 情态动词 用法 dare 表示 “ 敢,敢于 ” 之意,作情态动词,主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中,一般不用于肯定句中。 用作实义动词时,其变化形式与一般动词相同,在肯定句中, dare 后面通常接带 to 的不定式,在否定句和疑问句中, dare 后面既可接带 to 的不定式,也可接不带 to 的不定式。 情态动词 用法 易错 点津 (1)dare 用作情态动词时,有 dare , dared 两种形式; (2)dare 用作实义动词时,后接不定式,不定式符号 to 可省去,但 dare 以分词形式出现时,不定式符号 to 不能省略。 根据句意用适当的情态动词完成下面的句子 1. — Can't you stay a little longer? — It's getting late.I really ________ go now.My daughter is home alone. (2015 北京 ) 2 . You _________ feel all the training a waste of time, but I'm a hundred percent sure later you'll be grateful you did it. (2015 陕西 ) 3 . You _________ be careful with the camera.It costs ! (2015 四川 ) 4. It was so noisy that we ________ hear ourselves speak. (2015 浙江 ) 5 . You ________be Carol.You haven't changed a bit after all these years. (2015 重庆 ) 6 . It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, ________ bring me food. (2014 江苏 ) 7 . I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ________ take me to Disneyland at weekends. (2014 四川 ) 8. I've ordered some pizza, so we________ worry about cooking when we get home tired. (2014 重庆 ) 9 . One of our rules is that every student ________ wear school uniform while at school. 10 . I________ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home. 【 答案 】 1.must 2.may/might 3.must 4.couldn't 5 . must 6.should 7.would 8.needn't 9 . shall 10.can't 二、 “ 情态动词+ have done ” 的常考用法 情态动词+ have done 用法 must have done sth. 一定做过某事,其否定形式为 can't/couldn't have done 。 can/could have done sth. 1. 本来能够做但却未做; 2. 可能做过某事。 can't/couldn't have done sth. 不可能做过某事。 情态动词+ have done 用法 may/might have done sth. 或许 / 可能做过某事。 should/ought to have done sth. 本该做但却未做某事,其否定形式表示本不该做但却做了。 needn't have done sth. 做了本没有必要做的某事。 根据括号内的汉语提示完成下面的句子 1. I ___________( 本没必要担心 ) before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me. (2015 天津 ) 2 . — Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again. — Oh, it's too bad.You _______( 本应做 ) full preparations. (2015 福建 ) 3. I ______________( 不可能玩 ) myself more — it was a perfect day. (2013 浙江 ) 4. Since nobody gave him any help, he ____________ ( 一定做 )the research on his own. (2013 课标 Ⅱ ) 5. — Why are your eyes so red? You ______________( 不可能睡好 ) last night. — Yeah. I stayed up late writing a report. (2013 四川 ) 【 答案 】 1.needn't have worried 2.should have made 3 . couldn't have enjoyed 4.must have done 5 . could't have slept well 一、虚拟语气在非真实性条件句中的用法 虚拟语气 时间 虚拟条件从句 主句 与现在事实 相反的假设 If +主语+动词的过去式 (be 动词用 were) 。 主语+ should /would/ could/might +动词原形。 与过去事实 相反的假设 If +主语+ had +过去分词。 主语+ should /would/ could/might + have +过去分词。 时间 虚拟条件从句 主句 与将来事实 相反的假设 1.If +主语+动词的过去式。 2 . If +主语+ were to +动词原形。 3 . If +主语+ should +动词原形。 主语+ should /would/ could/might +动词原形。 时间 虚拟条件从句 主句 易错点津 (1) 在虚拟语气的从句中,动词 be 的过去时态一律用 were ,不用 was ,即从句中的 be 用 were 代替; (2) 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称为 “ 错综时间条件句 ” ,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整; (3) 在虚拟条件状语从句中可省略 if ,把 were, had, should 提到句首,变为倒装句式。 根据括号中的动词提示,用适当的虚拟语气完成下面的句子 1 . If I _________(not see) it with my own eyes, I wouldn't have believed it. (2015 北京 ) 2 . It might have saved me some trouble _________(I know) the schedule. (2015 江苏 ) 3 . We ________(be) back in the hotel now if you didn't lose the map. (2014 北京 ) 4 . Had he caught the morning train, he __________________ (not be) late for the meeting. (2014 天津 ) 5 . If Mr.Dewey ________ (be) present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there. (2014 湖南 ) 【 答案 】 1.hadn't seen 2.had I known 3.would be 4 . would not have been 5.had been 二、 wish 与 would rather 宾语从句的虚拟语气 wish 与 would rather 宾语从句的虚拟语气。 时间 would rather wish 过去 主语+动词过去分词。 现在 主语+动词过去式 (be 用 were) 。 将来 主语+动词过去式 (be 用 were) 。 主语+ would /could/ might +动词原形。 根据括号中的动词提示,用适当的虚拟语气完成下面的句子 1 . I wish I _________(be) at my sister's wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then. (2015 天津 ) 2 . Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I__________(dance) as well as her. (2015 陕西 ) 3 . We would rather our daughter ________(stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer. (2014 陕西 ) 【 答案 】 1.had been 2.danced 3.stayed 三、 ( should + ) do … 结构的虚拟语气 1 . 用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中 动词 demand, order, require, insist, suggest, propose, advise, request, urge, command, prefer, desire, recommend 等的宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为 “ should +动词原形 ” , should 可以省略。 2 . 用于主语从句中 在 It is desired /suggested/ proposed / recommended/ necessary /important/ strange /natural/ a pity/essential + that 从句中,从句的谓语动词用 “ should +动词原形 ” , should 可以省略。 3 . 用于表语从句和同位语从句中 在 suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, request, advice 等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,其构成是 “ should +动词原形 ” , should 可以省略。 He recommended that the task should be finished tomorrow. 【 易错点津 】 当 suggest 表示 “ 暗示,表明 ” , insist 表示 “ 坚持说 ” 之意时, suggest/insist 后的宾语从句不使用虚拟语气,应使用陈述语气。 根据括号中的动词提示,用适当的虚拟语气完成下面的句子 1 . My mom suggests that we ________(eat) out for a change this weekend. (2013 陕西 ) 2 . Eye doctors recommend that a child's first eye exam _________(be) at the age of six months old. (2013 浙江 ) 3 . The order came that the medical supplies_______ (send) to the earthquake stricken area soon. 4 . The expression on his face suggested that he ______(be) ill, and it was suggested that he ____________(send) to the hospital right now. 5 . He insisted that he _______(not break) the law and he insisted that he __________(set) free right now. 【 答案 】 1.(should) eat 2.(should) be 3 . (should) be sent 4.was; (should) be sent 5 . had not broken; should be set 四、含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示,而是由 otherwise, but, or, without, but for ( 要不是;如果没有 ) 等来引导或者通过上下文引出。 根据括号中的动词提示,用适当的虚拟语气完成下面的句子 1. It is lucky we booked a room, or we _________(have) nowhere to stay now. (2015 安徽 ) 2. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway ________(not write) his famous novel A Fare w ell to Arms . (2015 重庆 ) 3 . They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they ________ (come)to our help. (2014 浙江 ) 4 . We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we________ (visit) more places of interest yesterday. (2012 福建 ) 5 . We________(put)John's name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. 【 答案 】 1.would have 2.wouldn't have written 3 . would have come 4.would have visited 5 . would /could/ might have put 五、其他句型中的虚拟语气 1 .在 “ It is (about/high) time + that 从句 ” 中,谓语动词常用过去式或 “ should +动词原形 ” 表示虚拟语气。 2 .在 if only 引导的感叹句中,用虚拟语气表示愿望。 3 . as if, as though 引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气,与现在事实相反用一般过去时;与过去事实相反用过去完成时。 根据括号中的动词提示,用适当的虚拟语气完成下面的句子 1. It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I ________ (do)it ? (2014 重庆 ) 2 . Jack is a great talker.It's high time that he _________(do) something instead of just talking. (2012 辽宁 ) 3 . Don't handle the vase as if it _________ (make) of steel. (2012 北京 ) 4 . Who does that shop assistant think he is ? He behaves as if he__________ (own) the grocery. 5 . — It's raining hard and we can't go picnicking today. — If only the weather______(be) fine! 【 答案 】 1.had done 2.did/should do 3.were made 4 . owned 5.were查看更多