专题10+情态动词和虚拟语气-2019届高考英语热门考点全攻略

专题10+情态动词和虚拟语气-2019届高考英语热门考点全攻略

命题探究 Ø 情态动词是各省市高考试题中重要的考点之一。有关情态动词的考点主要是情态动词基本含义的考查；情态动词表示推测的考查；情态动词表示推测的考查；情态动词与助动词混合考查。由于情态动词在英语中的重要地位，今后的高考试题中对“情态动词”的测试会保持一定的稳定性。‎ Ø 英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气三类。虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，是一种与事实相反的愿望。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。  近几年高考对虚拟语气的考察不多，试题难度也不太大，考查重点主要是虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用。‎ 考点精讲 一、情态动词 ‎（一）情态动词的用法 ‎1. 情态动词的基本用法 情态动词表示说话人的语气和情绪，不能单独作谓语，必须和后面的动词原形一起构成谓语动词。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，但有的情态动词有过去时。 ‎ ‎【活学活练】‎ ‎1.（2014·湖南高考）If Mr. Dewey _______ (be) present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.‎ ‎2.（2014·北京高考）We_______(be) back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map. ‎ ‎3.（2013·江苏高考）I should not have laughed if I (think) you were serious.‎ ‎4.（2012·陕西高考）If my car (be) more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.‎ ‎【答案】‎ had been; would/should/might/could be; had thought; had been （二） 三种特殊的虚拟语气结构 类型 归纳总结 在条件句中的 省略 如果虚拟条件句中含有 were, should, had 三个词，可将 if 省略，把这三个词前置于主语之前，形成倒装部分。‎ 例：Were I in your position, I would do the same.‎ 错综时间的 虚拟句 当条件状语从句所表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，这种虚拟条件句成为错综复杂虚拟句。动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。‎ 例：If you had taken the doctor’s advice, you would be better now.‎ 含蓄虚拟条件 有时假设的情况并不以条件句表示出来，而是暗含在上下文中，如通过介词（短语）‎ with, without, but for 等来表示。‎ 例 ： We would have put John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.‎ （三） 其他从句中虚拟语气的用法 1. 主语从句中的虚拟语气 It is desired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange + that 从句， 从句中的谓语动词要用 ‎“(should) do”的形式。‎ 例：It’s strange that she (should) make so much trouble.‎ 1. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气 ‎（1）表示“建议、命令、要求”等意义时，宾语从句用“(should) do”。①坚持：insist（坚持要求）, persist；‎ ‎②命令：order, command；③建议：advise, suggest, propose, recommend；④要求：request, require, demand, ask。‎ 例：Teacher recommend parents not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.‎ ‎【指点迷津】‎ ‎（1）suggest 表示“暗示，表明”时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气； 例：These facts suggested that he was an honest man.‎ ‎（2）insist 意为“坚持说”时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气； 例：She insisted that he was wrong.‎ 2. Wish宾语从句中的虚拟语气 ‎（1）表示意愿与“现在事实相反”，从句用一般过去时； 例：How he wishes that he were a bird!‎ ‎（2）表示意愿与“过去事实相反”，从句用过去完成时； 例：We wish that we had visited the Great Wall last year.‎ ‎（3）表示将来愿望实现的可能性很小，从句常用 could/would + 动词原形例：We wish we would live on the moon one day.‎ 3. 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气 ‎（1）在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, request, advice 等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气。其构成是“（should+）动词原形”‎ 例：He gave orders that the guests (should) be hospitably entertained.‎ ‎（2）as if, as though 引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中通常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一般过去时； 与过去事实相反用过去完成时。‎ 例：It looks as if he were 10 years younger today. It looks as if he hadn’t had a meal for a week.‎ 4. If only引导的虚拟语气 if only 引导的感叹句，其虚拟语气结构与 wish 后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气的结构相同。例：If only the driver hadn’t driven so fast then!‎ 5. 定语从句中的虚拟语气 It’s (about/high/very) time + that 从句（从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用一般过去时或 should+动词原形， should 不能省略），意为“某人该做某事了”。‎ 例：It’s time that we should go/went home.‎ 专项精练 虚拟语气语法练习题（含单选、语法填空和改错）‎ ‎1.I’m sorry. If it _______(be) for my illness, I would have come and lent you a helping hand.‎ ‎2.— Helen,are you going to the airport to pick up Jack the day after tomorrow?‎ ‎— ________ tomorrow night.I would go.‎ A. Were he to come back B. If he was about to come back C. Had he come back D. If he would come back ‎3.I was caught in a traffic jam for over an hour, otherwise I ________(not keep) you waiting for such a long time.‎ ‎4.Lily is a good singer. How I wish I ________(sing) as well as her.‎ ‎5.If it ________ (not be) for her great help then, I would not study English so well now.‎ ‎6.If you ___________(listen) to my advice carefully, you wouldn’t have made such a terrible mistake.‎ ‎7.Had you got up thirty minutes earlier, you __________(see) the beautiful rosy dawn.‎ ‎8.If it had not been for your practical advice, we ________ (not make) such great achievements.‎ ‎9.Had he worked harder，he ________(get) through the exam.‎ ‎10.单句改错：Teachers recommend that parents could allow their children to ride bicycles to school above 12 years old.‎ ‎11.If you 　 　　hard at school, you 　　　　a college student now and would get a good job in the future.‎ A. had studied; would have been B. would have studied; could be C. had studied; would be D. studied; could be ‎12. It is really strange that the girl 　　　　so early.‎ A. has been married B. has married C. should be married D. would marry ‎13. I didn’t know his telephone number. ________ it, I ________ then.‎ A. Had I known; would ring him up B. Should I know; would have rung him up C. If I knew; would ring him up D. Had I known; would have rung him up ‎14._______(be) it not for the support of the teachers,the student could not overcome her difficulty.‎ ‎15.If the new safety system _______(put) to use, the accident would never have happened.‎ ‎【答案和解析】‎ 1. Had been, 考察if引导的虚拟语气的过去时形式，从句时态是had done, 主句时态是would/should/could/might have done.‎ 2. A,考察虚拟语气的倒装，虚拟语气倒装条件：从句含有助动词were,had,should时可以倒装，将这些助动词提到主语之前即可。本句就是对将来时的倒装 3. Wouldn’t have kept,考察虚拟语气中不含if的类型，otherwise就是虚拟语气的标志。根据句义是对过去时的虚拟 4. Sang,考察wish后宾语从句的虚拟语气。对现在的虚拟，从句用过去时were/did，对过去的虚拟，从句用had done，本题是对现在的虚拟 5. Hadn’t been，考察混合虚拟语气，从句中的then提示，从句是对过去的虚拟，故用过去完成时 6. Had listened, 考察if引导的虚拟语气，根据主句would have done得知是对过去的虚拟，故从句用过去完成时 7. Would have seen, 考察对过去的虚拟。根据从句had done且是倒装，故主句是对过去的虚拟 8. Wouldn’t have made, 根据从句had done判断考察对过去的虚拟 9. Would have got，根据从句had done判断考察考察对过去的虚拟