2021届新高考英语人教版一轮考评训练：：话题二十　环境保护（A）

2021届新高考英语人教版一轮考评训练：：话题二十　环境保护（A）

www.ks5u.com 话题二十　环境保护(A)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎[2020·陕西省部分学校第一学期摸底检测] A biologist once criticized for stealing eggs from the nests of the rarest bird in the world has been awarded the “Nobel Prize” of conservation after his methods saved nine species from extinction.‎ Professor Carl Jones won the 2016 Indianapolis Prize — the highest accolade in the field of animal conservation－for his 40 years of work in Mauritius, where he saved an endangered kestrel(红隼) from becoming the next Great Auk.‎ When the 65yearold first travelled to the east African island in the 1970s, he was told to close down a project to save the Mauritius kestrel. At the time there were just four left in the wild, making it the rarest bird on Earth. However, he stayed, using the techniques of captive breeding(人工繁殖), which involved snatching eggs from the birds' nests and hatching them under incubators(孵化器), prompting the mothers to lay another set of eggs in the wild.‎ A decade later, the number of Mauritius kestrels had soared to over 300 and today there are around 400 in the wild. The biologist has also made an effort to bring other rare species back from the edge of extinction, including the pink pigeon, echo parakeet and Rodrigues warbler.‎ Prof Jones was awarded the $250,000 prize at a ceremony in London.‎ ‎“As a young man in my 20s, I certainly didn't enjoy the stress and the tension of the criticism I received.” Reflecting on the start of his career, he said the Mauritius kestrel project had been seen as a “dead loss” at the time. In the 1970s there was fierce opposition to the captive breeding techniques, with critics arguing that they were too risky and took the emphasis off breeding in the wild.‎ Prof Jones has devoted his whole life to his work, only becoming a father for the first time at 53. He said receiving the prize was particularly important to him, because it proved that his work to save birds was right.‎ ‎1．What does the underlined word “accolade” mean in Paragraph 2?‎ A．Return. B．Level. ‎ C．Honor. D．Research.‎ ‎2．According to the passage, Great Auk is ________.‎ A．an endangered bird B．an extinct bird C．a popular bird D．a fierce bird ‎3．What can we know from the figures in Paragraph 4?‎ A．Taking eggs from the nests has worked well.‎ B．The wild environment for kestrel has changed a lot.‎ C．Kestrel has adapted to the life in the wild.‎ D．It's difficult to protect kestrel.‎ ‎4．Prof Jones' idea of taking eggs from the birds' nests ________.‎ A．was proved of no use B．was widely accepted C．was promoted officially D．was criticized by some people B ‎[2020·南昌市一模] Fashion is a horrible thing. One day you are cool wearing your flared jeans and the next day you're an idiot. You have nothing else to do, but put your favorite jeans in the shelf to outdated shame. However, now scientists from the University of New South Wales say that your old, wornout clothes could be turned into building materials－solid panels(嵌板) for floors or walls.‎ ‎ Old, unwanted clothes are actually a huge burden on the environment. They usually end up in a landfill, where they rot away without any use for us, at the same time polluting the environment. Cheap throwaway clothes produce 10 million tons of landfill in the US alone each year. However, we could create new materials by shredding(撕碎) them. Scientists firstly removed zippers, buttons and other hard pieces, then shredded this old mess of clothing and then added some chemicals to bond these fibers together. The last step was heating and pressing this material to form solid panels. They are strong, waterresistant and not easy to catch fire. Their quality can be further tuned by adding some other materials, such as sawdust, old foam, paper and so on. Different mixtures result in different textures(质地) and colors, some resembling wood, ceramics or stone.‎ ‎ These panels are strong enough to be used on the floor, but their decorative qualities allow them to be used on walls as well. However, scientists still have challenges to overcome before it becomes commercially available. The challenge is consistency－you want your walls to be consistent in color, which is difficult to achieve when the material is so diverse.‎ ‎ Actually, shredded (切碎) material could also be used as a heat insulator (隔热、绝缘) for walls of the buildings, and it could become filling material for toys or some furniture as well. However, turning old clothing into construction materials could become a business, which would drive this recycling process into a new level.‎ ‎5．What do we know about old clothes from Paragraph 1?‎ A．They are cool to wear again.‎ B．They cost a lot to be recycled.‎ C．They will be fashionable in time.‎ D．They can be construction materials.‎ ‎6．Why should some chemicals be added in making panels?‎ A．To strengthen the fibers.‎ B．To make panels waterresistant.‎ C．To combine the shredded fabrics.‎ D．To form different textures and colors.‎ ‎7．What's the problem of solid panels made from clothes?‎ A．They can hardly be decorated on walls.‎ B．It is hard to produce them in the same color.‎ C．It is difficult for them to achieve different colors.‎ D．They are not easy to be promoted commercially.‎ ‎8．What may drive people to improve the recycling of old clothing?‎ A．Its outdated recycling process.‎ B．Its potential commercial value.‎ C．The curiosity to find more usage.‎ D．The urge to protect the environment.‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 Coming to the end of my assistantship in Barcelona, I start to expect what the future might hold.‎ It's been __1__ seven months since I arrived here and things have changed so much in __2__ some might call a short period of time. When I first arrived in Terrassa I was excited and nervous to start a new __3__ in a country I love. The first few days seem so long ago now. I was alone, trying to find a place to live, __4__ my timetable with the schools and meeting new people.‎ After a couple of weeks, the excitement started to __5__， however, and homesickness started to set __6__. It wasn't powerful homesickness __7__ enough to make me spend more than a few nights __8__ my family and friends back home, wondering if I should be there with them.‎ All that started to __9__ after meeting some new friends and spending good time with them — I suppose we should never forget how __10__ it is to have good people in life, because they can make such a(n) __11__.‎ Coming back to Terrassa after visiting home felt like returning to a second home, to a place that was mine with people I __12__. Things got even busier and more people came into my __13__； new friends, romance and a whole lot of good food __14__ by in what seems to have been weeks, ‎ not months. I realized that to travel and visit other places is one of the most __15__ things you can do in life.‎ ‎1．A.approximately B．extremely C．regularly D．absolutely ‎2．A.which B．when C．that D．what ‎3．A.dilemma B．adventure C．program D．relationship ‎4．A.clarifying B．exchanging C．organizing D．following ‎5．A.flash B．fade C．escape D．expand ‎6．A.in B．out C．apart D．back ‎7．A.and B．so C．but D．then ‎8．A.calling on B．thinking of C．responding to D．consulting with ‎9．A.withdraw B．recover C．change D．progress ‎10．A.complex B．normal C．natural D．important ‎11．A.difference B．choice C．attempt D．advance ‎12．A.benefited from B．reflected on C．cared about D．complained about ‎13．A.existence B．life C．expectation D．mind ‎14．A.flowed B．walked C．dropped D．stood ‎15．A.relaxing B．satisfying C．confusing D．embarrassing 话题二十　环境保护(A)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 体裁：说明文　主题语境：人与自然——动物保护——用人工繁殖的方法救助濒危鸟类 ‎【文章大意】　卡尔·琼斯教授因偷稀缺鸟类的蛋而被指责，后在保护动物领域被授予诺贝尔奖，他用自己的方法挽救了九种濒危物种。‎ ‎1．答案与解析：C　考查词义猜测。根据画线词前的“won the 2016 Indianapolis Prize”并结合语境可推知，画线词意为“荣誉”。‎ ‎2．答案与解析：B　考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“he saved an endangered kestrel(红隼) from becoming the next Great Auk”可推知，Great Auk是一种已灭绝的鸟。‎ ‎3．答案与解析：A　考查推理判断。根据第三段最后两句以及第四段第一句“A decade later, the number of Mauritius kestrels had soared to over 300 and today there are around 400 in the wild”可知，当时野生毛里求斯红隼只剩4只，琼斯教授采用人工繁殖的方法来救助毛里求斯红隼，10年后，毛里求斯红隼的数量飙升到300多只，如今野生红隼约有400只。由此可推知，从鸟巢中拿出鸟蛋的方法效果很好。‎ ‎4．答案与解析：D　考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“dead loss”“In the 1970s there was fierce opposition to the captive breeding techniques... in the wild”可知，琼斯教授从鸟巢中拿出鸟蛋来进行人工繁殖的方法受到了一些人的批评。‎ B 体裁：说明文　题材：环保　主题：废旧衣物再利用 ‎【文章大意】　该文主要介绍了废旧衣物的重新利用。‎ ‎【难句分析】　The challenge is consistency－you want your walls to be consistent in color, which is difficult to achieve when the material is so diverse.‎ ‎ 分析：本句是一个复合句。which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰前面的整个句子；when引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎ 译文：(所面临的)挑战是 一致性——你想让你的墙壁色彩一致，这在材料如此多样的情况下很难实现。‎ ‎5．答案与解析：D　考查细节理解。根据第一段最后一句“However，now scientists from the University of New South Wales say that your old, wornout clothes could be turned into building materials—solid panels(嵌板) for floors or walls”可知，旧衣物可以被制成建筑材料。‎ ‎【干扰项分析】　A项错在旧衣物很酷可以再穿，这与第一段第二句“One day you are cool wearing your flared jeans and the next day you're an idiot”不符；B项错在回收代价很大，第一段并没有提到相关信息；C项错在这些旧衣物迟早会流行，这与第一段第三句“You have nothing else to do，but put your favorite jeans in the shelf to outdated shame”相悖，故排除。‎ ‎6．答案与解析：C　考查细节理解。根据第二段第五句“Scientists firstly removed zippers, buttons and other hard pieces, then shredded this old mess of clothing and then added some chemicals to bond these fibers together”可知，在制造嵌板时添加化学物质是为了让这些撕碎的布料连接在一起。‎ ‎7．答案与解析：B　考查细节理解。根据第三段最后一句“The challenge is consistency－you want your walls to be consistent in color, which is difficult to achieve when the material is so diverse”可知，用布料制成的嵌板存在的问题是色彩难以协调一致。‎ ‎8．答案与解析：B　考查推理判断。根据最后一段最后一句“However, turning old clothing into construction materials could become a business, which would drive this recycling process into a new level”可推知，促使人们循环利用旧衣物的动力可能来自其潜在的商业价值。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎【文章大意】　刚来到Terrassa，由于身边没有熟悉的人，“我”感到非常孤独，并且想家；后来，随着朋友数量的增多，“我”的异国生活充满欢乐，甚至感觉它是“我”的第二故乡。‎ ‎1．答案与解析：A　A项意为“大概”；B项意为“极其”；C项意为“经常”；D项意为“绝对地”。根据空后的“seven months”可知，这里表示时间的长短，故选A。‎ ‎2．答案与解析：D　根据空前的介词“in”可知，空处引导的是宾语从句，并且从句中缺少宾语，故选D。‎ ‎3．答案与解析：B　A项意为“困境”；B项意为“冒险”；C项意为“程序”；D项意为“关系”。根据上文中的“excited and nervous”可推知，在这个陌生的国家，“我”开始了新的冒险旅程。故选B。‎ ‎4．答案与解析：C　根据下文中的“timetable with the schools”可知，这里表示分配好自己的时间。故选C。‎ ‎5．答案与解析：B　A项意为“闪现”；B项意为“逐渐消逝”；C项意为“逃跑”；D项意为“扩大”。根据下文中的“homesickness”可推知，兴奋渐渐消退，“我”开始想家。故选B。‎ ‎6．答案与解析：A　参见上题解析。set in意为“开始”，故选A。‎ ‎7．答案与解析：C　根据语境可知，想家的感觉虽然不是那么强烈，但却足以让“我”花好几个晚上想起(thinking of)“我”的家人与老家的朋友。故选C。‎ ‎8．答案与解析：B　参见上题解析。A项意为“探访，号召”；B项意为“想起”；C项意为“回应”；D项意为“咨询”。‎ ‎9．答案与解析：C　A项意为“撤退”；B项意为“恢复”；C项意为“改变”；D项意为“进步”。根据上文内容可知，刚开始“我”孤身一人很想家，但是，在“我”遇到一些新朋友之后，处境开始发生改变。故选C。‎ ‎10．答案与解析：D　A项意为“复杂的”；B项意为“正常的”；C项意为“自然的”；D项意为“重要的”。根据语境可知，“我”认为我们应该不要忘记生活中有好人是多么重要，因为他们对我们的生活大有影响(difference)。故选D。‎ ‎11．答案与解析：A　参见上题解析。‎ ‎12．答案与解析：C　A项意为“从……受益”；B项意为“给……带来影响”；C项意为“在意，关心”；D项意为“抱怨”。根据语境可知，重返Terrassa作者感觉回到了第二个家，回到了一个“我”关心、在乎的人所在的地方。故选C。‎ ‎13．答案与解析：B　根据语境可知，“我”的事务更加繁忙，并且更多的人进入到“我”的生活；新朋友、浪漫和一大波美食，在看起来只有几周而不是几个月的时间里，都向“我”涌(flowed)来。故选B。‎ ‎14．答案与解析：A　参见上题解析。‎ ‎15．答案与解析：B　A项意为“令人放松的”；B项意为“令人满意的”；C项意为“令人困惑的”；D项意为“令人尴尬的”。根据语境可知，在其他地方旅游、参观是你在生活中可以做的最令人满意的事情之一。故选B。‎