【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题最佳标题归纳类型典题例举（6页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题最佳标题归纳类型典题例举（6页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题最佳标题归纳类型典题例举 ‎[典例]　(2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读B节选)‎ Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.‎ In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under ￡5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.‎ ‎“We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant，” she explains. “I pay ￡5 for a portion (一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.”‎ The eightpart series (系列节目), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.‎ With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.‎ ‎27．What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A．Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B．Balancing Our Daily Diet C．Making Yourself a Perfect Chef D．Cooking Well for Less ‎[解析]　选D　本文第一段介绍《早安英国》的节目主持人苏珊娜·瑞德推出了一档新的电视节目，向观众介绍如何少花钱做出美味营养的饭菜。第二至五段均围绕“Save Money: Good Food”这一电视节目，讲述主持人在厨师的帮助下为家庭提出建议，教他们如何少花钱做出美味营养的饭菜。因此D项作为标题最合适。‎ ‎[干扰项分析]　A项以偏概全，只说了文章的一个方面——如何吃得好，没有提到是在省钱的条件下吃得好。B项无中生有，文章没有提到均衡饮食。C项以偏概全，只说了做好饭，没有说如何节省。‎ ‎[增分技巧]　近几年的高考阅读理解题越来越倾向于从语篇的角度考查考生的阅读理解能力。我们在做题过程中也要相应地从局部思维转变为整体思维，要从整体上把握文章的大意，不可过于纠缠细节。文章标题须能概括全文的中心内容，利用文章中的细节内容进行干扰是命题人常采用的干扰方式。遇到文章大意题或者标题归纳题时，切忌只见树木，不见森林。‎ ‎1．好标题应具备的3个特点 ‎(1)概括性——能概括全文内容，体现文章的主旨；‎ ‎(2)针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符；‎ ‎(3)醒目性——语言精练有吸引力。‎ ‎2．常用解题“3方法”‎ ‎(1)正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨；‎ ‎(2)反面否定法：撇开原文，拿各个备选项去设想用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文章对照，一一排除不符选项；‎ ‎(3)研读备选项本身：研读备选项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、结构、概括性等。‎ ‎ 不管是选择“标题”还是选择“主题”，实际上都要求考生从整体上理解文章的内容，找出贯穿语篇的主线。在试题设置上，三个干扰项的内容一般在文章里或多或少都有涉及，但并非文章的主要内容，需要注意甄别。‎ 训练目标(一) ‎ 对点练——攻克失分短板 A(2018·全国卷Ⅱ阅读D节选)‎ We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.‎ What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.‎ Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease (润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. “Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk，” he explains. “The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.”‎ In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction (互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. “It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband，” says Dunn.“But interactions with peripheral (边缘的) members of our social network matter for our wellbeing also.”‎ Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk.“Small talk is the basis of good manners，” he says.‎ ‎35. What is the best title for the text?‎ A．Conversation Counts B．Ways of Making Small Talk C．Benefits of Small Talk D．Uncomfortable Silence 解析：选C　第一段：用实例引出人们在公共场所不交流的现象。第二段：通过设问分析问题的原因。第三段：闲聊的重要性。第四段：介绍Elizabeth Dunn的咖啡店实验。第五段：用Dunn和Carducci的观点总结全文。根据各段段意可知，文章主要讨论了闲聊在人际交往中的重要作用。故C项为本文最佳标题。‎ B(2018·全国卷Ⅲ阅读D节选)‎ Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.‎ I found the preholidays a good time to encourage young children to donate lessused things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund (基金) (our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor)．‎ For weeks, I’ve been thinking of bigger, deeper questions: How do we make it a habit for them? And how do we train ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less? Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest. I expected that ‎ one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes, ten minutes, max. I chose a red rubber ball — simple, universally available. We passed it, he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling it, sitting on it, throwing it. It was totally, completely enough for him. Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.‎ We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention and I had his. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.‎ ‎35．What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A．Take It or Leave It　　 B．A Lesson from Kids C．Live More with Less D．The Pleasure of Giving 解析：选C　第一段的最后一句是文章中心句。作者培养孩子用更少的物质过更丰富生活的习惯，文章最后一句也是对本文中心句的呼应。故选C。‎ C(2017·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C节选)‎ Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day.UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying (联合) voice across cultures.‎ Despite the celebrations, though, in the U．S.the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.‎ It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that.As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.‎ ‎“Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite，” Moran tells National Public Radio’s reporter Neal Conan.“What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and ‎ younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore. It’s actually color, and it’s actually digital.”‎ Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost.“The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958.It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same，” says Moran.‎ Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance party, “just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music，” says Moran.“For me, it’s the recontextualization.In music, where does the emotion (情感) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight (感悟) on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context，” says Moran, “so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.”‎ ‎31．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ A．Exploring the Future of Jazz B．The Rise and Fall of Jazz C．The Story of a Jazz Musician D．Celebrating the Jazz Day 解析：选A　本文介绍了为保护爵士乐，联合国教科文组织设立国际爵士乐日。纵观全文内容尤其是第三至第六段中提到的杰森·莫兰对爵士乐的看法及希望可知，A项“探索爵士乐的未来”为本文最佳标题。‎