2012届高考英语语法精品学案：专题七 非谓语动词

2012届高考英语语法精品学案：专题七 非谓语动词

‎ ‎ 从近几年的高考试题来看，非谓语动词考查特征呈现情景和设问角度的多样化趋势。具体考点如下：‎ 现在分词与过去分词的区别；done, being done, to be done的区别；不定式与分词作状语的区别；不定式的时态及疑问词＋不定式形式；谓语动词与非谓语动词的区分；非谓语动词的时态、语态、复合结构以及独立结构的使用。‎ 大家在判断使用何种非谓语动词形式时，可遵循以下规律：对比时间：对照谓语动词的时间，确定非谓语动词的时态形式；辨明逻辑：从非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系判断非谓语动词的语态。‎ 一、动词不定式 ‎1．动词不定式的各种形式及其表达的时态和语态意义 ‎ ‎ 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing ‎/‎ 完成式 to have done to have been done 完成进行式 to have been doing ‎/‎ 如：‎ ‎ He seems to know this.‎ ‎ It is important to read English every day.‎ ‎ The bridge to be built next year is very long.‎ ‎ I'm sorry to have kept you waiting so long.‎ ‎ His new novel is said to have been published.‎ ‎ She happened to be writing a letter when I passed by.‎ ‎ 了解不定式各种形式的时态和语态意义对正确理解和使用不定式起着很重要的作用。要结合不定式的句法功能一起掌握，灵活运用。 ‎ ‎2．不定式的句法功能 ‎ 除了谓语外，不定式可以担当句子的任何成分。‎ ‎ To see is to believe. 眼见为实。(作主语和表语)‎ ‎ You should continue to learn as long as you live. ‎ ‎ 要活到老学到老。(作宾语)‎ ‎ She usually has a lot of meetings to attend in the evenings. 她晚上经常有很多会要开。(作定语)‎ ‎ To do a good job, we must have the right tools. ‎ ‎ 要干好活工具得用对。(作状语)‎ ‎ I didn't expect you to arrive so early. ‎ ‎ 我没想到你来得那么早。(作宾语补足语)‎ ‎3． 学习动词不定式应注意的几个问题 ‎(1) 用不定式作宾语的词语。‎ ‎ 下列词语常用不定式作宾语：afford，promise，refuse，expect，hope，learn，offer，wish，want，fail，plan，agree，prefer，decide，manage，arrange，determine，desire等。‎ ‎ 下列动词后可接“疑问词＋不定式”：teach，decide，wonder，show，learn，forget，ask，advise，discuss等。‎ ‎(2) 理解和使用不定式作宾补。‎ ‎① see，watch，notice，hear，listen to，observe，feel，make，let，have等的宾补用动词原形，变被动时要加to，此时的不定式就是主语补足语。‎ ‎② 常用不定式作宾补的几种情况：‎ ‎ 主语＋ask/require/tell/order/force/get/want/like＋sb. to do sth.‎ ‎ 主语＋think/judge/suppose/believe/consider/imagine＋sb.＋to be/to have done sth.‎ ‎ 主语＋call on/depend on/wait for/ask for＋sb.＋to do sth. ‎ ‎(3) 不定式作定语的特殊用法。‎ ‎① 下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance，wish，right，courage，need，promise，time，opportunity，way，the first，the second，the last，the only等。如：‎ ‎ He had a good way to make his lessons lively and interesting. ‎ ‎ Who was the first one to get to the top of the hill yesterday?‎ ‎② 不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。如：‎ ‎ There is no one to look after her. ‎ ‎③ 不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。如：‎ ‎ I have a lot of work to do. ‎ ‎ 如果不定式是不及物动词，后面应有必要的介词。如：‎ ‎ He is looking for a room to live in. ‎ ‎ 但如果及物动词后已有了自己的宾语，其后还应加适当的介词。‎ ‎ Here is a box to put things in. ‎ ‎ 注意：如果不定式的逻辑主语和逻辑宾语都出现在不定式前面，不定式则用主动形式；若在句中找不到不定式的逻辑主语，则用不定式的被动形式。注意这两句话的区别：‎ ‎ I have a letter to write. 我有封信要写。(我写信)‎ I'm going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything to be taken to your friends？……你有什么要(我)带给你的朋友们吗？(被我带而不是你带)‎ ‎(4) 不定式作状语的用法。‎ ‎ 不定式作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示目的、结果、原因。only to do表示出人意料的结果。如：‎ ‎ We hurried to the classroom only to find none there. ‎ ‎ in order (not) to，so as (not) to用来引导目的状语，但so as to不能用于句首。so…as to do, such ＋ 名词…as to do引导结果状语。如：‎ The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus. ‎ ‎ I'm not such a fool as to believe that. ‎ ‎ 不定式还可以作修饰表语形容词或补语形容词的状语。如：‎ ‎ He is hard to please / to get along with. ‎ ‎ Do you think him easy to work with? ‎ ‎ 注意：此时不定式用主动，而不需用被动。而且不及物动词后的介词不能遗漏。‎ ‎(5) 不定式的完成式的特殊用法。‎ ‎① 表示不定式中动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。如：‎ ‎ The novel was said to have been published. ‎ ‎ I regret to have been with you for so many years. ‎ ‎ seem，appear，be said，be supposed，be believed，be thought，be known，be reported等常用于上面句型。‎ ‎ 此外，glad，happy，satisfied，sorry，surprised，disappointed后也可接不定式的完成式。‎ ‎② 不定式的完成式还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气。‎ ‎(A) would like/would love ＋ 不定式的完成式。‎ ‎(B) was/were ＋ 不定式的完成式，表示该做某事或想做但未实现。‎ ‎(C) expect/hope/mean/promise/suppose/think/want/wish ＋ 不定式的完成式，表示过去未曾实现的愿望。‎ ‎(6) 不定式的省略。‎ ‎① 两个并列的不定式由and或or连接时，省略后面的不定式中的to。如：‎ ‎ I want to finish my homework and go home. ‎ ‎ I'm really puzzled what to think or say. ‎ ‎ 特例：To be or not to be，this is a question. ‎ ‎ He is better to laugh than to cry. (表示对比)‎ ‎② 句中含有动词do时，but，except，besides等后面的to可省略。即“前有do，后省to”。如：‎ ‎ He didn't do anything but complain.‎ ‎③ why not, had better，would rather，can't… but等后省to。如：He could not but walk home. ‎ ‎(7) 不定式的替代。‎ ‎ 多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语或补语的不定式再次出现时，to后的内容常承前省略(只保留to即可)。但如果承前省略的不定式有助动词have或be的任何形式，后应该保留原形be或have。如：‎ ‎ Susan is not what she used to be. ‎ ‎ I'd like /love /be happy to. ‎ ‎— You came late this morning. You ought to have finished your homework. ‎ ‎— I know I ought to have. ‎ 二、动名词 ‎ 动名词具有动词和名词的特点，有一般式和完成式，有主动式和被动式之分，在句中可以作主语、宾 语、表语和定语。‎ 1． 动名词的基本构成和意义 时态与语态 意义 例句 一般式 表示动作与谓语动词同时或稍后发生 Would you mind my opening the window？你介意我打开窗户吗？‎ 完成式 表示动作先于谓语动词发生 I remembered having been taken to Beijing three times. 我记得自己被带到北京三次。‎ 主动语态 逻辑主语是动名词动作的执行者 They were praised for having finished the work ahead of time. 他们因提前完成工作而受到表扬。‎ 被动语态 逻辑主语是动名词的承受者 No one likes being laughed at in public. 没有人愿意当众被嘲笑。‎ ‎2. 动名词的句法功能 ‎(1) 作主语 ‎ 动名词作主语表示抽象的概念，通常直接置于句首，有时先用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句末。这种用法在习惯句型中常用。如：‎ ‎ Climbing mountains is really fun.爬山真有趣。‎ ‎ It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。(谚语) ‎ ‎(2) 作宾语 ‎① 作动词的宾语。可接动名词作宾语的动词巧记如下：‎ ‎ 考虑建议盼原谅(consider，suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon)‎ ‎ 承认推迟没得想(admit, delay/put off, fancy)‎ ‎ 避免错过继续练(avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practise)‎ ‎ 否认完成停止赏(deny, finish, stop, enjoy/appreciate)‎ ‎ 不禁介意准逃亡(can't help, mind, allow/permit, escape)‎ ‎ 不准冒险凭想象(forbid, risk, imagine)‎ ‎② 作动词短语的宾语。可接动名词作宾语的动词短语有：‎ ‎ think of，depend on，set about，succeed in，worry about，think about，give up，put off，burst out，insist on，can't stand, be/get used to，devote…to，look forward to，pay attention to，get down to，object to，feel like，adapt to，dream of等。‎ 三、分词 ‎ 分词包括现在分词和过去分词。学习分词要注意下面两大问题：分词的各种形式及其表达的时态和语态意义；分词的句法功能。‎ 1． 分词的各种形式及其表达的时态和语态意义 ‎ ‎ 形式 时态意义 语态 意义 例句 现 在 一 般 式 ‎ 动作正在进行或与主句谓语动词同时发生 ‎ 主动 ‎ He stood on the street begging. ‎ 分 词 ‎ 被动 ‎ The building being built is a hospital. ‎ 完 成 式 ‎ 动作发生在主句谓语动词之前 ‎ 主动 ‎ Having finished my homework, I went to bed. ‎ Not having received a reply, he decided to write again. ‎ 被动 ‎ Having been criticized many times, Jack didn't come any more. ‎ ‎ ‎ 形式 时态意义 语态 意义 例句 现 在 分 词 ‎ 一般式 ‎ 动作正在进行或与主句谓语动词同时发生 ‎ 主动 ‎ He stood on the street begging. ‎ 被动 ‎ The building being built is a hospital. ‎ 完成式 ‎ 动作发生在主句谓语动词之前 ‎ 主动 ‎ Having finished my homework, I went ‎ to bed. ‎ Not having received a reply, he decided ‎ to write again. ‎ 被动 ‎ Having been criticized many times, Jack didn't come any more. ‎ 注意：了解分词的各种形式及其表达的时态和语态意义，是正确理解和使用分词的关键。‎ ‎ ‎ 形式 时态意义 语态 意义 例句 过 及物动 词的过 去分词 ‎ 动作已完成 ‎ 主动 ‎ I often heard the song sung. ‎ 去 分 词 ‎ 无时态意义 ‎ 被动 ‎ spoken and written English 少数不 及物动 词的过 去分词 ‎ 动作已完成 ‎ 被动 fallen leaves the risen sun (对比falling leaves正在下 落的叶子，the rising sun正在升起的太 阳) ‎ 分词的时态意义和语态意义不同于谓语动词的时态和语态，非谓语的时态意义和语态意义都是相对而言的。具体地说，非谓语动词的时态意义是和主句谓语动词相对而言，例如：如果分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生，则可能用现在分词一般式，如果是在主句谓语动词之前发生，则可能用现在分词完成式。而语态意义则和分词的逻辑主语有关，如果分词的动作与其逻辑主语是主动关系，则用现在分词，如果与其逻辑主语是被动关系，则可能用现在分词的被动式，或过去分词。所谓的逻辑主语即句子中与分词形成逻辑关系的名词或代词。例如：分词作状语和表语时，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。分词作定语，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词或代词。分词作宾语补足语，其逻辑主语就是句子的宾语。‎ ‎2． 分词的句法功能 ‎(1) 作定语 ‎ Mike held a burning stick and Tom carried a gun. (The stick was burning.)‎ ‎ How I regretted the hours wasted in the woods and fields(＝that had been wasted …)!‎ ‎ Asia is the largest continent, covering one third of the earth's land area (＝which covers …). ‎ ‎ 分词短语作定语有时和它所修饰的名词或代词发生分隔开来的现象。‎ ‎ There is a notice on the blackboard reading “An examination will be given next week. (＝which reads…)”‎ ‎(2) 作表语 ‎ We were excited at the news. ‎ ‎ His shoes were old and worn. ‎ ‎(3) 作补语 ‎ 包括宾语补足语和主语补足语。常用于see, leave, watch, hear, feel, find, have,‎ ‎ keep等动词之后以及with复合结构中。‎ ‎ I saw Tom coming out of the house. ‎ ‎ No tricky words would move him. He kept his mouth tightly closed. ‎ ‎ We mustn't leave the work unfinished. ‎ ‎ He stood for some time with his hand still raised. ‎ ‎(4) 作状语 ‎ 分词作状语常表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随或结果、附加说明等。‎ ‎ Reading the letter, I couldn't help thinking of my school life. (时间状语)‎ ‎ Being ill, I didn't go to school yesterday. (原因状语)‎ ‎ Not having done it as he told us to, we were scolded. (原因状语)‎ ‎ Working hard, you will succeed. (条件状语)‎ ‎ He came running all the way. (方式状语)‎ ‎ The children headed towards school, followed by their dogs. (伴随状语)‎ He dropped the plate, breaking it into hundreds of pieces. (结果状语)‎ ‎ If the advertising fails, having no effect on sales, the whole programme will be reviewed. (附加说明)‎ ‎ 注意：‎ ‎ 分词作结果状语往往表示意料中的结果，而不定式作结果状语则表示意料之外的结果。试比较：‎ ‎ A terrible storm hit the area, causing great damage to the crops. ‎ ‎ He arrived to the station only to find the train had already left. ‎ 分词作状语时有时前面可加有连词。如：‎ ‎ Once, while working on a new invention, Edison made 8,000 tests without success. ‎ ‎ I won't go to his party unless invited. ‎ ‎ The beggar waited as if expecting more. ‎ ‎(5) 作插入语的分词独立结构 ‎ 分词作插入语的结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。如：‎ ‎ generally speaking一般说来 ‎ talking of (speaking of)说到 ‎ strictly speaking 严格地说 judging from 从……判断 ‎ all things considered 从整体来看 ‎ taking all things into consideration全面看来 ‎ Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。‎ ‎ Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。(speaking不是dogs的动作)‎ ‎1． 【误】 We don't allow to smoke in the lecture hall. ‎ ‎ 【正】 We don't allow smoking in the lecture hall. ‎ ‎ 【正】 We don't allow people to smoke in the lecture hall.‎ ‎ 【解析】 考查固定结构。allow doing sth.; allow sb. to do sth.‎ ‎2． 【误】 She was the first person thinking of the idea. ‎ ‎ 【正】 She was the first person to think of the idea. ‎ ‎ 【解析】 当序数词或由序数词所修饰的名词带定语时， 此定语通常由不定式来充当。‎ ‎3． 【误】 The question being discussed at tomorrow's meeting is a very important one. ‎ ‎ 【正】 The question to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting is a very important one. ‎ ‎ 【解析】 being discussed表示动作正在进行，而根据at tomorrow's meeting可判断动作发生在将来，故用to be discussed表示。‎ ‎4． 【误】 This boy was seen come late this morning. ‎ ‎ 【正】 This boy was seen to come late this morning. ‎ ‎ 【解析】 see，watch等动词转换为被动结构时，其后不定式一般需要带to。‎ ‎5． I've been looking forward to hear from you.‎ ‎ 【答案】 hear 改为hearing。 ‎ ‎ 【解析】 短语look forward to中，to为介词，所以应用动名词作宾语。‎ ‎6． He admitted to have stolen the car.‎ ‎ 【答案】 to have改为having。‎ ‎ 【解析】 admit 后面跟动词的ing形式作宾语。‎ ‎7． This is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.‎ ‎ 【答案】 This改为 It。‎ ‎ 【解析】 作形式主语，代替动词的ing形式，只能用it。‎ ‎8． The flowers need being watered. ‎ ‎ 【答案】 being watered改为watering或者to be watered。‎ ‎ 【解析】 need, want, require等动词的主语为物时，后面跟动名词主动形式或接不定式的被动结构，表示“……需要被……”。‎ ‎9． 现在分词的完成式通常不作定语或补语。‎ ‎(1) 【误】 I could see the house having been beautifully decorated. ‎ ‎ 【正】 I could see the house beautifully decorated. ‎ ‎(2) 【误】 The book having been written long ago is hard for us to understand today. ‎ ‎ 【正】 The book written long ago is hard for us to understand today. ‎ ‎10．作状语的分词，其逻辑主语必须同句中主语为同一人或同一事，现在分词与其逻辑主语有主动关系，而过去分词则与其逻辑主语有被动关系。‎ ‎(1) 【误】 Having found the cause, the experiment continued. ‎ ‎ 【正】 Having found the cause, they continued the experiment. (Having found＝After/When they had found)‎ ‎(2) 【误】 Seeing from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful. ‎ ‎ 【正】 Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful. (Seen＝When the city is seen)‎ ‎11．非谓语的否定式中，not必须放在非谓语的最前面。‎ ‎(1) 【误】 Having not finished his homework, he didn't want to go to bed. ‎ ‎ 【正】 Not having finished his homework, he didn't want to go to bed.‎ ‎(2) 【误】 Mother warns us to not play in the street. ‎ ‎ 【正】 Mother warns us not to play in the street. ‎ ‎1． The book mainly deals with the trouble students might have _____________ right from wrong. ‎ ‎ A．distinguishing B．distinguished ‎ C．to distinguish D．to be distinguished ‎ 【解析】 A　考查固定搭配have trouble (in) doing sth.，只不过此题中的trouble提到前面作先行词了。‎ ‎2. ________ of the truth of the reports, he told his colleagues about it. ‎ ‎ A．Convinced B．Convincing ‎ C．To convince D．Having convinced ‎ 【解析】 A　动词convince表示“使……确信”；be convinced of sth.“确信……，相信”；此处用过去分词作状语。‎ ‎3． —Be careful! Don't forget you are on a ladder. ‎ ‎ —But you are holding it for me, nothing ____________ . ‎ ‎ A．worry about B．to worry about ‎ C．is worried about D．worrying about ‎ 【解析】 B　考查非谓语动词。“小心点。别忘了你在梯子上。”“但是你扶着呢，没什么可担心的。”不定式to worry about作后置定语。‎ ‎4． He looked at me, with an expression ________ that he felt even more puzzled. ‎ ‎ A．indicate B．indicates ‎ C．indicating D．indicated ‎ 【解析】 C　with an expression indicating…为with复合结构，其中an expression为逻辑主语，indicate与这个逻辑主语之间有主动关系，故用现在分词。‎ ‎5．Your cousin is said ________ a new computer programme recently, but do you know when he will finish it?‎ ‎ A．to design B．to be designing ‎ C．to have been designing D．to have designed ‎ 【解析】 C　本题考查不定式的用法。句意为：你的堂兄最近一直在设计一组电脑程序，你知道他什么时候完成吗？sb be said to do为固定用法，由recently可知，设计程序是从过去一直持续到现在的动作，应用to have been doing结构。‎ ‎6． When John came to himself, he found himself ________ in the hospital, but he didn't know how that had come ________. ‎ ‎ A．staying; around B．lying; about ‎ C．lied; across D．lying; into being ‎ 【解析】 B　find himself lying…发现他自己正躺在……；come about意为“发生，产生”。‎ ‎7． He claimed ________ in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday. ‎ ‎ A．being badly treated ‎ B．treating badly ‎ C．to be treated badly ‎ D．to have been badly treated ‎ 【答案】 D ‎8． —Why are the students working so hard these days?‎ ‎ — ________ ready for the coming entrance examination. ‎ ‎ A．To get B．Get C．Getting D．Got ‎ 【解析】 A　本题考查非谓语动词。联系语境可知，这些日子学生们努力学习是为即将到来的考试做准备，动词不定式作目的状语。故A项正确。‎ ‎9． If water becomes increasingly scarce in decades ________ ，water shortage will become a hot issue all over the world. ‎ ‎ A．coming B．having come ‎ C．to come D．to be coming ‎ 【解析】 C　本题考查非谓语动词。用不定式表示将要到来的。句意为：如果在将来的几十年水资源变得稀少，那么水资源的缺乏将会成为全球比较热门的一个话题。‎ ‎10．The party was a success，but we thought it a pity not ________ you. ‎ ‎ A．to invite B．to be inviting ‎ C．to have invited D．to be invited ‎ 【答案】 C ‎11．Hearing the 2009 World Winter University Games ________ open，all the people in the Harbin Sports Center Gym burst into cheers. ‎ ‎ A．declare B．declared ‎ C．declaring D．to be declared ‎ 【解析】 B　考查过去分词的用法。很显然选项B和其逻辑主语the 2009 World Winter University Games是被动关系，选B。‎ ‎12．As the light turned green，I stood for a moment, not ________ and asked myself what I was going to do. ‎ ‎ A．moved B．moving ‎ C．to move D．being moved ‎ 【解析】 B　move的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，所以用现在分词，not moving 作伴随状语。如果不注意分析，很容易受并列的谓语动词stood…and asked干扰而误选A。‎ ‎13．An offer of a reward has caused many students in our school ________ actively in the competition. ‎ ‎ A．participate B．participated ‎ C．participating D．to participate ‎ 【解析】 D　句意为：比赛有奖，这使得我校很多学生积极参加了比赛。cause sb. to do sth. 为固定用法。‎ ‎14．The boy the teachers considered ________ was caught ________ in the exam, which surprised us very much. ‎ ‎ A．to be the best; cheating ‎ B．as the best student; to cheat ‎ C．being the best; cheating ‎ D．as a good student; to cheat ‎ 【解析】 A　the teachers considered ________作定语，修饰the boy；consider…to be意为“把……看作”；catch sb. doing sth. 意为“抓到某人正在干某事”。‎ ‎15．Tourists all over the world come to visit the Summer Palace in Beijing, ________ the combination of nature and culture. ‎ ‎ A．enjoyed B．having enjoyed ‎ C．to have enjoyed D．enjoying ‎ 【解析】 D　考查非谓语动词的用法。 enjoying 引导的分词短语在句中作伴随状语。‎ ‎16．—Where is Tom？I have something important to tell him.‎ ‎ —I last saw him ________ in the library reading. ‎ ‎ A．sit B．seated C．seating D．sat ‎ 【解析】‎ ‎ B　本题考查非谓语动词。题干句子空白处用seated作宾语补足语，因为seat是及物动词和宾语him之间的逻辑关系是动宾关系。‎ ‎17．Something as simple as ________ vegetables in childhood may help to protect you against serious illness in later life. ‎ ‎ A．to eat B．eating C．to be eating D．eaten ‎ 【解析】 B　考查非谓语动词。空格前的as为介词，其后的动词应用其动名词形式。句意为：童年时像吃蔬菜这样的简单事也许会对你后来预防疾病有好处。‎ ‎18．Tom woke up late and left home without breakfast ________ another long and boring day at school. ‎ ‎ A．having anticipated B．anticipated ‎ C．being anticipated D．anticipating ‎ 【解析】 D　本题考查非谓语动词。句意为：Tom醒得很迟，没有吃早饭就离开家了，预期在学校又是漫长、枯燥的一天。本句中，应该用现在分词形式作状语。选D。‎ ‎19．[2010·江苏卷] The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu, ________ the students to return to their classrooms. ‎ ‎ A．enabling B．having enabled ‎ C．to enable D．to have enabled ‎ 【解析】 A　本题考查非谓语动词。现在分词短语作谓语动词donated的结果状语。‎ 专题七 │ 实战演练 ‎20．[2010·江西卷] There were many talented actors out there just waiting ________. ‎ ‎ A．to discover B．to be discovered ‎ C．discovered D．being discovered ‎ 【解析】 B　考查非谓语动词的用法。waiting to be discovered意为“等待被发现”。‎ ‎21．Mrs. White showed her students some old maps ________　　 from the library.‎ ‎ A．to borrow B．to be borrowed ‎ C．borrowed D．borrowing ‎ 【解析】 C　考查非谓语动词的用法。borrowed短语作后置定语，表示一个被动的、已经完成的动作。‎ ‎22．[2010·上海卷] That is the only way we can imagine ________ the overuse of water in students' bathrooms.‎ ‎ A．reducing B．to reduce C．reduced D．reduce ‎ 【解析】 B　此处考查非谓语动词。the way to do sth.意为“做某事的途径、方式”。we can imagine 作定语，前面省略了that。‎ ‎23．[2010·陕西卷] ________ from the top of the tower，the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. ‎ ‎ A．Seen B．Seeing C．Having seen D．To see ‎ 【解析】 A　本题考查非谓语动词。句子的主语和see构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词短语作状语。‎ ‎24．[2010·辽宁卷] Alexander tried to get his work __________ in the medical circles. ‎ ‎ A．to recognize B．recognizing ‎ ‎ C．recognize D．recognized ‎ 【解析】 D　考查非谓语动词的用法。宾语work和recognize之间存在被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。句意为：亚历山大试图让他的工作在医学界得到认可。‎ ‎25. [2010·四川卷] The lawyer listened with full attention, ________ to miss any point. ‎ ‎ A．not trying B．trying not ‎ C．to try not D．not to try ‎ 【解析】 B　考查非谓语动词的用法。主语lawyer和try之间是主谓关系，用现在分词作伴随状语，try not to do sth. 意为“尽力不做某事”。‎ ‎26．[2010·四川卷] In many people's opinion，that company，though relatively small，is pleasant _____________. ‎ ‎ A．to deal with B．dealing with ‎ ‎ C．to be dealt with D．dealt with ‎ 【解析】 A　考查非谓语动词的用法。这里用“形容词＋动词不定式”结构，动词不定式主动形式表示被动意义。‎ ‎27．[2010·山东卷] I have a lot of readings ________ before the end of this term. ‎ ‎ A．completing B．to complete ‎ C．completed D．being completed ‎ 【解析】 B　根据动词短语have sth. to do，且本句有时间状语the end of this term，选B。‎ ‎28．[2010·重庆卷] Many buildings in the city need repairing，but the one ________ first is the library.‎ ‎ A. repaired B. being repaired ‎ C. repairing D. to be repaired ‎ 【解析】 D　考查非谓语动词的用法。这里指“图书馆将是第一批被修复的建筑物”，to be repaired表示一个将来的、被动的动作 ‎1．(2011·海淀区第二学期期中练习)The scientist was rewarded by the government for________such a great contribution to the country.‎ A．make B．making C．being made D．having made 解析：　考查非谓语动词。在介词for的后面要用动名词形式，在获奖前贡献已经做出了，所以要用其完成式。语意为：这位科学家因为为国家做出了巨大的贡献，得到了政府的奖励。‎ 答案：　D ‎2．(2011·杭州市教学检测)A powerful earthquake struck Haiti’s capital，________tens of thousands homeless and buried in ruins.‎ A．left B．to leave C．being left D．leaving 解析：　考查非谓语动词。从语意可知，海地首都发生强烈地震，造成了成千上万的人无家可归和被埋在废墟中，现在分词短语作状语，表示结果。‎ 答案：　D ‎3．(2011·厦门市质量检查)When the minister came to the snowstricken area，he was happy to see the disaster victims well________.‎ A．take care of B．took care of C．taken care of D．taking care of 解析：　考查非谓语动词。从句子的结构和语意可以看出victims 与take care of 存在逻辑上的动宾关系，因此使用被动形式，在句中充当宾语补足语。‎ 答案：　C ‎4．(2011·海淀区期中练习)A few days after the interview I received a letter________my admission to the university.‎ A．offering B．offered C．having offered D．to be offered 解析：　考查非谓语动词。offer 和其逻辑主语a letter 之间是主谓关系，所以要用现在分词表主动，相当于which offered。语意为：面试后的几天，我收到了这所大学录取我的信。‎ 答案：　A ‎5．(2011·苏锡常镇四市教学调查)Can you imagine what difficulty people had this year________against the severe natural disasters?‎ A．fighting B．to fight C．fought D．fight 解析：　考查固定句式的用法。“sb.have some difficulty in doing sth.”是固定句式，意思是“某人做某事有困难”，其中的介词in 可以省略。‎ 答案：　A ‎6．(2011·东北三省四市联考)—How do you Chinese celebrate Midautumn Day?‎ ‎—Well，it depends.For me，I usually sit in the yard，________the full moon with my family.‎ A．appreciating B．admiring C．appreciated D．to admire 解析：　考查非谓语动词。现在分词短语admiring the full moon with my family 在句中作伴随状语，表示“我通常在中秋节坐在院子里和家人一起赏月”。空处动词与逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，其表示的动作和句子的谓语动词的动作同时发生或紧接着发生，故用现在分词；appreciate “欣赏”不用于进行时，故选B。‎ 答案：　B ‎7．(2011·东北三校第一次联考)Cao Cao’s tomb is reported________in Anyang，which attracts nationwide attention.‎ A．being found B．to be found C．having been found D．to have been found 解析：　考查非谓语动词。句意为：据报道，安阳发现了曹操墓，引起了全国(民众)的关注。前半句是“It’s reported that Cao Cao’s tomb has been found in Anyang”的另外一种表达方式，表示该动作已经发生，所以用不定式的完成形式。‎ 答案：　D ‎8．(2011·苏州一模)After suffering a heart attack，Michael Jackson was pronounced dead，________a tragic end to the world’s most popular entertainer.‎ A．marking B．to mark C．marked D．having marked 解析：　本题考查非谓语动词。根据语境知，迈克尔·杰克逊在心脏病突发后死去，这标志着世界上最受欢迎的艺人的悲惨结局。v.ing在此作结果状语。‎ 答案：　A ‎9．(2011·哈尔滨检测)You can hardly imagine the efforts I have made________the goal.‎ A．to achieve B．of achieving C．to of achieving D．to have achieved 解析：　本题考查非谓语动词。句意为：你简直无法想像我为了实现目标所付出的努力。动词不定式作目的状语，故A项正确。‎ 答案：　A ‎10．(2010·长沙二模)When I came in，I found Lucy________by the window________to music.‎ A．seated；listening B．seated；listened C．seating；listened D．seating；listening 解析：　考查非谓语动词的用法。第一空用seated，相当于sitting；第二空用动词的ing形式，表示主动。‎ 答案：　A ‎11．(2010·南通一模)The county，________in the north of Shanxi，has a history of more than 1,400 years.‎ A．located B．to be located C．being located D．locating 解析：　本题考查过去分词作定语。此处应用过去分词短语作定语，修饰The county，故选A。‎ 答案：　A ‎12．(2010·海淀第二学期期末)It was reported that 115 miners________in the flooded mine for eight days were pulled alive at last.‎ A．trapped B．being trapped C．were trapped D．had trapped 解析：　考查非谓语动词。所填词作后置定语，逻辑主语是miners，而非谓语动词与逻辑主语是被动关系，且表示的动作发生在过去，故用过去分词，选A。‎ 答案：　A ‎13．(2010·西城5月)China is known________greatly in terms of its cultural values over the past few years.‎ A．to change B．having changed C．changing D．to have changed 解析：　be known to 为……所熟知，而改变是已发生的事实，故用现在完成时形式。‎ 答案：　D ‎14．(2010·南京第三次模拟)________from the operation，the patient was advised to stay in hospital for another two weeks.‎ A．Having not fully recovered B．Being not fully recovered C．Not having fully recovered D．Not fully recovering 解析：　本题考查非谓语动词。the patient 与recover 间为主谓关系，且recover 这个动作发生在was advised 之前，因此要用现在分词的完成式，且否定词not 要放在分词的前面，因此答案为C。‎ 答案：　C ‎15．(2010·杭州市第二次教学检测)—Be careful！Don’t forget you are on a ladder.‎ ‎—But you are holding it for me，nothing________.‎ A．worry about B．to worry about C．is worried about D．worrying about 解析：　考查非谓语动词。句意为：——小心点。别忘了你在梯子上。——但是你扶着呢，没什么可担心的。不定式to worry about 作后置定语。‎ 答案：　B ‎ ‎