2020届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit1Greatscientists单元学案设计（26页word版）

2020届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit1Greatscientists单元学案设计（26页word版）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit1Great scientists单元学案设计 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ [单元核心词汇讲练]‎ ‎1. private adj. 1)私人的；个人的 2)私下的, 保密的; ‎ ‎[典例] ‎ ‎1) When children grow up, they are eager to get private rooms for themselves. 当孩子长大了，他们都渴望有自己的房间。 ‎ ‎2) I wish to have a private talk with you. 我想私底下和你谈谈。 ‎ ‎2. settlement n. 1) 定居点[C] 2)（解决纷争的）协议[C] 3) 解决，处理[U] ‎ ‎[典例] ‎ ‎1) The Indians often attacked the settlements of the colonist. ‎ 印地安人经常袭击殖民者的定居点。 ‎ ‎2) The strikers and the employers have reached a settlement over new working conditions. ‎ 罢工者已经与顾主就新的工作条件达成了协议。 ‎ ‎3) After the settlement of our differences, we became friends. 消除分歧后，我们成了朋友。 ‎ ‎[重点用法] settle v.定居 ‎ come to a settlement解决; 决定; 和解 settle in Canada. 定居加拿大 ‎ settle down安顿下来：过稳定有序的生活： ‎ ‎3. impression n.印；印痕；印记；印象；意念；概念 ‎ ‎[典例] ‎ ‎1) Your performance gave me a strong impression．你的表演给我留下了很深的印象。 ‎ ‎2) What I said made no impression on him．我的话对他不起作用。 ‎ ‎[重点用法] ‎ impress v.留下印象 ‎ impress sth．on／upon one's mind 把……牢记在心上 ‎ have an impression of sth．／doing sth．that… ‎ make an impression on sb． 给某人留下印象 ‎ make no impression on 对……无影响／效果 ‎ give sb．a favorable impression给某人以好印象 ‎ an impression of sb's foot某人的脚印 ‎ ‎4. remind v.提醒；使想起 ‎ ‎[典例] ‎ ‎1) The picture reminds me of my college days．这张照片使我想起了大学里的日子。 ‎ ‎2) Remind me to write to father．请提醒我给父亲写信。 ‎ ‎3) Please remind me that I must call her up before nine.请提醒我九点前给她打个电话。 ‎ ‎[重点用法] ‎ remind sb．of sth．=remind sb．about... 提醒某人某事； ‎ remind sb．that也可以表示―提醒某人做某事‖或―使某人想起去做某事。 ‎ ‎5. previous adj.先的, 前的; 事前的; 以前的 [重点用法] ‎ previous to 在……之前 [典例] ‎ ‎1）He did better in his previous study.他在预习方面做得好。 ‎ ‎2）His previous attempt was successful. 他以前的尝试成功了。 ‎ ‎3）Previous to the conference we had discussed the matter. 在会议召开之前,我们讨论了这个问题.‎ ‎6. lack vt.缺乏；没有 n.缺乏；短缺的东西 ‎ ‎[重点用法] ‎ lack sth.(wisdom／common sense／money缺乏智慧／常识/金钱)‎ be lacking in (courage／determination to do...) 缺乏做某事的勇气／决心 ‎ a／the lack of… ……的缺乏 for lack of 因缺乏…… have no lack of 不缺乏 ‎ ‎[典例] ‎ ‎1) You will not be lacking in support from me. 你将得到我的帮助 ‎ ‎2) I lacked for nothing. 我不需要任何东西 ‎ ‎7. require v.需要；要求；命令 [重点用法] ‎ require+ n./ pron. /doing sth./ to do sth．/that-clause ‎ ‎[典例] ‎ ‎1) This suggestion will require careful thought. 这建议需要仔细考虑。 ‎ ‎2) To carry out this plan would require increasing our staff by 50％． 执行这—计划需要增加50％的人员。 ‎ ‎[练习]用括号里所给词的适当形式填空。 ‎ ‎1)His health requires that he _____(go)to bed early． ‎ ‎2)The floor requires _______ (wash)． ‎ Keys: 1) (should) go 2)washing ‎ ‎8. assist vt.／vi．帮助；援助订．参与，出席 ‎ assist sb in/with sth assist sb in doing sth assist sb to do sth ‎ ‎[练习]根据句子意思填词。 ‎ ‎1)The young nurse was very nervous when she _____ in her first operation． ‎ ‎2)A team of nurses _______ the doctor performing me operation． ‎ ‎3)She employed a woman to her the housework. ‎ ‎4)Good glasses will you read. ‎ Keys: 1)was assisting 2)assisted in 3)assist with 4) assist to ‎9. concentrate vt.集中；聚集 ‎ ‎[典例] ‎ ‎1）Authority was concentrated in the president. 政权集于总统一身 ‎ ‎2）We concentrated on the task before us. 我们专注于眼前的任务 ‎ ‎[重要用法] ‎ concentration n. 集中， 专心 with deep concentration专心 ‎ concentrate one's attention on [upon] 把注意力集中在 ‎10. defend vt.防护,护卫; 以行动, 语言或文字替...辩护或答辩 ‎ ‎[典例] ‎ ‎1） defend the motherland保卫祖国 ‎ ‎2） The accused man had a lawyer to defend him. 被告有一律师为他辩护。 ‎ ‎[重要用法] ‎ defend against保卫; 抵抗 ‎ defend from保护, 保卫(使不受伤害) ‎ ‎11. employ vt. 雇用, 用, 使用 [典例] ‎ ‎1) He is employed in an international company.他在一家跨国公司任职。 ‎ ‎2) She is good at employing her time.她善于利用时间。 ‎ ‎[重点用法] ‎ in the employ of sb. =in sb.'s employ受...雇用 ‎ out of employ失业 ‎ ‎ ‎1．put forward 提出(建议等)；推荐某人或自己任职位；提名 ‎ He often _______ some useful advice. ‎ Keys: puts forward ‎ ‎2．apart from 除……之外;另外 ‎ ‎1）________________a few faults，he is a perfect teacher．除了几个缺点之外，他是一个很好的老师。 ‎ ‎2）________________ the cost，the dress doesn't suit me．姑且不论价格，这件礼服也不适合我穿。 ‎ ‎[短语归纳] ‎ ‎ in addition to除……之外(还有,包括在内) besides 除……之外(还有,包括在内) ‎ ‎ except (for)除……之外除……之外(还有,不包括在内) ‎ except that 除了…除……之外(还有,不包括在内) [练习]选择以上短语填空。 ‎ ‎1) As a senior student, we study other subjects _________ English. ‎ ‎2) Your article is well written ________ some spelling mistakes. ‎ Keys: 1) besides/ in addition to/apart from 2) except for ‎ ‎3. make sense讲得通；有意义 [典例] ‎ What he says makes sense．他说的有道理。 ‎ Can you make sense of this poem? 你能明白这首诗的含义吗? ‎ What you say is true in a sense．你所说的在某种意义上是真实的。‎ ‎4. take the place of代替,取代 ‎ ‎[典例] ‎ ‎1) In the future, natural gas will take the place of petrol as the major fuel.将来天然气会代替汽油成为主要的能源。 ‎ ‎2) I’ll take the place of Mr. Lin next week．‎ ‎=I’ ll take Mr. Lin’s place next week．下周我将代替林老师。 ‎ ‎5. break down损坏，跨，压倒，分解 [经典例句] ‎ ‎1) The bridge broke down．桥塌了。 ‎ ‎2) The engine broke down．发动机坏了。 ‎ ‎3) He has broken down from overwork．他因工作过度而累垮了。 ‎ ‎4) Water can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen．水可以分解为氢和氧。 ‎ ‎5) The plan to build another chemical work has broken down because it will cause serious pollution．再建一个化工厂的计划失败了，因为这将引起严重的污染。 ‎ ‎6. leave out省去,遗漏 ‎ ‎[典例] ‎ ‎1) You have left out the most important word in this sentence． 你在这一句中遗漏了最重要的一个单词。 ‎ ‎2) Don't leave me out when you invite people to your party． 当你邀请人们去参加晚会时，别把我漏掉了。‎ ‎7. take up 从事；占(时间、空间、注意力、等)；继续 ‎ ‎[典例] ‎ ‎1)This table takes up too much room．这张桌子太占地方。 ‎ ‎2)She has taken up a job as a teacher．她当上老师了。 ‎ ‎3)This chapter takes up where the last one off． 本章继续上一章的内容。 ‎ 短语归纳： ‎ take off 脱掉；起飞 take over 接管；获得对......的控制 ‎ take for 把.....视作；误认为 ‎ take...for granted 认为......是理所当然的 ‎ take down 写下，记下 ‎ take back 收回（诺言等）‎ ‎8. lose sight of/ catch sight of不再看见....../ 瞥见…… ‎ 重点用法： ‎ at (the) sight of 一看见 at first sight 咋一看 ‎ out of sight (of) 在（......）视线之外 in/ within sight of 在视线内 ‎ ‎9. sweep up打扫；横扫 ‎ sweep aside 放到一边，不理会 ‎ sweep away 扫清，迅速消灭，冲走 ‎ sweep off 扫清，吹走，大量清除 ‎ sweep out 扫掉，清除 sweep over 将......一扫而光 ‎10. on one’s own 独自；独立 ‎[解释] on one’s own 意为―独自的 同by oneself; 不同于of one’s own 自己的 ‎ ‎[典例] ‎ ‎1） She got the job on her own.她靠自己获得了这份工作。 ‎ ‎2） Anyone who can solve the computer problem on his own will be admitted to our working ‎ group. 任何能独立解决这个电脑问题的人可以被录取到我们这个工作组。‎ ‎11. be supposed to应当；认为必须 ‎ ‎[典例] ‎ ‎1) You are supposed to come here early.你应该早点过来的。 ‎ ‎2) He was supposed to have passed the driving license but failed.他本该通过驾照考试的，但失败了。‎ ‎12. so as to 以致;为了 ‎ ‎[典例] ‎ ‎1) The journalist raised his hand so as to earn a chance to ask the question to the spokesperson.那名记者举手想获得向新闻发言人提问的机会。 ‎ ‎2) The mother covered the baby so as to protect him from being hurt.母亲护着婴儿为了保护他免受伤害。 ‎ ‎[短语归纳] ‎ so…as to…如此……以至于…… in order to 为了…… ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. ‎ ‎[解释] every time可作连词使用，引导时间状语从句，意为―每次，每当‖immediately，the moment，directly，instantly等都可以作连词引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……“‎ ‎[典例] ‎ ‎1）Every time I meet him，I always think of the things happened between us． 每次见到他，我就想起发生在我们之间的事情。 ‎ ‎2）Immediately he saw the message, he knew he misunderstood his best friend. ‎ ‎[练习] 汉译英 ‎ ‎１）每次我去找他，他都在专心看书． ‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎２）我一见到她就把这本书给了她。 ‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎３）我一见到他就把这封信给他。 ‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎４）我一接到你的信就来了。 ‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ Keys: 1) Every time I went to see him, he was absorbed in reading. ‎ ‎2) I gave the book to her the moment I saw her． ‎ ‎3) I will give the letter to him immediately I see him．‎ ‎4) I came directly I got the letter．‎ ‎2. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. ‎ ‎[解释]Only 引导的状语放在句首，句子需用半倒装． ‎ ‎［练习］汉译英 ‎ ‎１) 只有用这种方法，你才能轻松地解决这个问题． ‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎２) 就在你失去它的时候，你才会懂得时间的宝贵． ‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ Keys: 1) Only in this way, can you deal with the problem easily. ‎ ‎2) Only when you lost it, will you understand how valuable the time is. ‎ ‎3. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it ….. ‎ ‎ [解释]with + 宾语+ v. –ing / v. –ed / to do / adj. / adv. / prep. phrases构成的复合结构在句中通常作为状语，表示背景情况，为方式，原因或条件等． ‎ ‎［典例］ ‎ ‎1）With the old man leading the way, we started towards the forest. 在老者的带路下，我们向森林进发。 ‎ ‎2）She ran and ran with beads of sweat running down her face. 她不停地奔跑，汗珠顺着脸颊流下来。 ‎ ‎[练习] 汉译英 ‎ ‎1） 老师微笑地走进教室，身后还跟着一群小朋友．‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎2） 随着考试的结束，我们的假期开始了． ‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ Keys: 1) With a group of children following, the teacher came into the classroom with smile. ‎ ‎2) With the test finished, we began our holiday.‎ ‎4. There is no need to debate any more about why different words are used to describe the four countries. ‎ 没有必要去争论为什么要用不同的词去描述这四个国家。 [解释]There is no need ‎ to do没有必要做某事 ‎ There is no doubt that ……是毫无疑问的 [练习]汉译英 ‎ ‎1) 我们有必要再去那一趟吗? ‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎2) 没必要给他写封信告知这个消息. ‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ Keys: 1) Is there any need for us to go there again? ‎ ‎2) There is no need to write to him and inform him the news. ‎ ‎5. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and ‎ died in London. ‎ 这似乎是一件怪事:这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，而且在伦敦去世. ‎ ‎[解释] It is/seems/…that …从句用虚拟语气，由―should+v.原形构成 ‎ ‎[典例] ‎ ‎1) It is strange that my mother should agree with me.真奇怪我妈妈竟然答应了我。 ‎ ‎2) It was strange that my mother should have agreed with me. 真奇怪我妈妈竟然答应了我。 ‎ ‎[练习]翻译 ‎ ‎1） 真奇怪,他竟然考试不及格. ‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎2） 似乎很奇怪，他能够通过触摸判断花的种类。 ‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ Key: 1)It’s strange that he should fail the exam. ‎ ‎2) It seemed strange that he could tell the different kinds of flower by touching. ‎ ‎6. What problems do you think people in the future will have overcome? 你认为未来的人们将克服什么问题? ‎ ‎[解释] 此句为复杂疑问句，其句式结构为：疑问词+do you think+其余部分(其余部分为陈述语序),do you think 为插入成分。‎ 能用于此句型的动词有：think，believe，suppose，imagine，suggest，expect等。 ‎ ‎[典例] ‎ ‎1)Who do you think is the tallest in your class? 你认为在你们班谁最高? ‎ ‎2)What do you believe matters when we take up the work? 你认为我们从事这项工作什么东西最要紧? ‎ ‎3)Who do you suppose will win the game? 你认为谁会赢得这比赛?‎ ‎7. This is similar to the “jet lag” you get when flying, …这与你在飞行过程中的时差反应是相类似的。 ‎ ‎[解释] When flying是when you are flying的省略形式。在有些表时间、条件、方式或让步的从句中，如果谓语包含有动词be，主语又和主句的主语一致，或者主语是it，就常常可以把从句中的主语和be动词省略。 ‎ ‎[典例] ‎ ‎1) When asked where’s the toilet, the waitress showed the way politely to the guest.当被问及厕所在哪时，服务员非常有礼貌地给客人带路。 ‎ ‎2) Until finishing the homework, the child was allowed to watch the cartoon film.直至完成作业，小孩才允许看卡通片。 ‎ ‎3) If necessary, you can call help from the police.有必要时，你可以求助警察局。‎ ‎8.Not only am I interested in photograph, but I took a course at university, so it’s actually of ‎ special interest to me. 我不仅仅只是对摄影感兴趣,在大学里我还专修过摄影呢,所以对此我真是特别感兴趣. ‎ ‎[解释] not only…but also ..不但…而且…,当否定的短语not only放在句首,句子用倒装. ‎ ‎[典例] ‎ ‎1）By reciting many articles, we can not only improve our writing skill but also train our memory. ‎ 通过背诵一些文章,我们不仅能够提高写作能力,还可以训练我们的记忆. ‎ ‎2）Not only does she do well in her job, but she is always ready to help others. 她不仅工作出色,还乐于助人. ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【题干】‎ In the past, there lived a foolish man in a small kingdom called Zheng. One day he wanted to buy 31 a pair of new shoes. He measured his feet with a ruler first and wrote down his size. 32 he was in such a hurry to set out 33 he left it at home. ‎ ‎ When he arrived at 34 shoe shop, he felt in the pocket only 35 (find) that it was not there. So he said apologetically, "I have left the measurement at home and don't know the size. I'll fetch it in one minute." 36 these words， he hurried off as fast as his legs could carry him. ‎ ‎ He ran back home, found it and then to the shop again. But still 37 took him quite a while ‎ and the shop was already 38 (close) then. He had gone to all this trouble for nothing and did not get his shoes. ‎ ‎ Then someone asked him with 39 (curious), ―Did you buy the shoes for yourself or ‎ someone 40 ? ― For myself, of course." he answered. "Then why don't you try the shoes on by yourself?‎ ‎【答案】答案： ‎ ‎31. himself。 反身代词作间接宾语，从后文知道是给他自己买一双新鞋。 ‎ ‎32. But。根据上下文逻辑关系这里应该用表示转折的连词。 ‎ ‎33. that。引出结果状语从句，与前面such搭配连用。 ‎ ‎34. a。第一次提到该鞋店应该用不定冠词。 ‎ ‎35. to find。only与不定式连用，用作结果状语。意为―结果发现。 ‎ ‎36. With。with these words：说完这些话。 ‎ ‎37. it。指代前面他回家取measurement（先前所量脚的尺寸）这件事。 ‎ ‎38. closed。过去分词作表语。 ‎ ‎39. curiosity。 词形转化，此处应该用名词作介词with的宾语。 ‎ ‎40. else。考查else的用法。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1. I find it difficult __________________ （得出结论）from the facts. ‎ ‎2. These colors will not last long if ____________ （暴露在阳光下）. ‎ ‎3. ___________ (面临挑战) from their team, what shall we do? ‎ ‎4. I must say that I am very much _________(该责备). ‎ ‎5. We should do what we can to protect our city _________(被污染). ‎ ‎6. They were talking about the event _____________ (与会议有关的). ‎ ‎7. Have you seen the man ____________（对这个活动负责的）. ‎ ‎8. I believe that each of us can ___________(对世界的未来做出贡献）. ‎ ‎9. His father is ___________（严格要求他）in his studies. ‎ ‎10. No matther how you read it, the sentence _____________（毫无意义）. ‎ ‎11. I don’t approve of __________（拒绝他们的建议）‎ 答案：‎ ‎1. to draw a conclusion 2. exposed to the sun 3. Faced with the challenge 4. to blame 5. from being polluted ‎ ‎6. linked to the meeting 7. responsible for the activity 8. contribute to the future of the world 9. strict with him ‎10. doesn't make any sense 11. rejecting their proposal/suggestion ‎ ‎ The legal age for smoking in Japan is 20 and as the country' s 570,000 tobacco vending machines ( 自动售货机) prepare for a July regulation requiring them to ensure buyers are not minors, a company has developed a 1 to identify age by studying facial features.‎ By having the customer look into a digital camera 2 to the machine, Fujitaka Co's system will 3 facial characteristics, such as wrinkles surrounding the eyes, bone structure and skin sags (松弛), to the facial data of over 100,000 people, Hajime Yamamoto, a company spokesman said.‎ ‎"With face 4 , so long as you've got some change and you are an adult, you can buy cigarettes like before. The problem of 5 borrowing (identification) cards to purchase cigarettes could be 6 as well," Yamamoto said.‎ But due to concerns about its accuracy, the facial identification method has yet to be ‎ ‎7 . ‎ Yamamoto said the system could 8 identify about 90 percent of the 9 , with the remaining 10 percent sent to a "grey zone" for minors that look 10 , and baby-faced adults, where they would be asked to insert their driving license.‎ ‎1. A. system B. machine C. program D. monitor ‎ ‎2. A. added B. attached C. covered D. devoted ‎ ‎3. A. prefer B. adjust C. lead D. compare ‎ ‎4. A. features B. structure C. recognition D. expression ‎ ‎5. A. students B. youths C. adults D. minors ‎ ‎6. A. avoided B. clarified C. raised D. improved ‎ ‎7. A. corrected B. approved C. updated D. spread ‎ ‎8. A. completely B. correctly C. specifically D. partly ‎ ‎9. A. smokers B. sellers C. lookers-on D. users ‎ ‎10. A. older B. younger C. wiser D. nicer ‎ 答案： ‎ ‎1. A。从第二段及最后一段第一句可以判断：一家日本公司研制出一套年龄识别体系。 ‎ ‎2. B。attach to 所附的，―附在机器上的数码相机‖。其他三个选项不符合语境。 ‎ ‎3. D。compare ... to ... ―系统将面部特征与十万多人的面部数据进行对比。其他三个选项动 词尽管可以和to连用，但不符合语境。 ‎ ‎4. C。features 特征，structure 构造，recognition 识别，expression表情，选项C符合语境。 ‎ ‎5. D。从文章第一句及最后一句可以判断。minor未成年人，本文首句提到吸烟的合法年龄 是20岁，自动售货 机要确保购买者不是未成年人。 ‎ ‎6. A。年龄识别系统可以避免未成年人借用身份证购买香烟的问题。clarify澄清。 ‎ ‎7. B。因涉及到准确性问题，这套面部识别方法还有待批准。 ‎ ‎8. B。该系统能正确识别出约90%的使用者。 ‎ ‎9. D。从第一段to ensure buyers are not minors判断，该系统识别的是使用自动售货机购买 香烟者。故选users。 ‎ ‎10. A。从baby-faced adults可得提示。有10%的长相显老的未成年人和娃娃脸的成年人进入 ‎―灰色地带 ‎ ‎ 课文佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和运用能力） ‎ ‎1 【原句】‎ The seats were comfortable and after a calming drink, which made us sleepy, our eyes closed. ‎ ‎ [模仿要点]句子结构：定语从句插入在状语和主句之间 ‎ ‎【模仿1】这件工作非常艰辛，休息一会以后，使我们又恢复了精力，我们又继续干活。 ‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：‎ The job was very tough and after a short rest, which refreshed ourselves again, we went on with our job. ‎ ‎2【原句】‎ I got lost when we reached the place that looked like a large market because of the people flying ‎ by in all direction.‎ ‎[模仿要点] 句子结构：（时间状语＋定语从句）插入在句子中间，通常放在句首。 ‎ ‎【模仿1】当我到达一个看上去像一个公园的地方时我感到惊讶，因为人们沐浴在柔和的阳光下或在树荫下下棋。 ‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：‎ I got amazed when we reached the place that looked like a park because of the people bathing in the soft sunshine or playing chess in the shade of the trees. ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 本课主要复习必修五部分重点词汇短语句型，帮助学生掌握并学会运用学过的知识点，提高学生在阅读和写作中应用词汇的能力。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 语法填空 ‎ Chen Ping and his sister Chen Ying dreamed about taking a great bike trip since middle school. After 1 (graduate) from college, they finally got the chance to make their dream come 2 (truth). His sister 3 (think) of the idea to cycle 4 the Mekong River. They also made 5 cousins interested in cycling. Wang Wei stuck to the idea 6 they found the source and began their journey there. When she heard that the source of the Mekong River is 7 Qinghai Province, she wouldn't change her mind. She even felt 8 (excite) when she knew that ‎ their journey would begin at 9 altitude of more than 5,000 meters. Before the trip they found a large atlas in the library, from 10 they knew clearly about the Mekong River.‎ 答案：1．graduation 2．true 3．thought 4．along 5．their 6．that 7．in 8．excited 9．an 10．which ‎ ‎ ‎ 课文佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和运用能力） ‎ ‎1【原句】Never will Zhou Yang forget his first job at the office of China Daily. ‎ ‎[模仿要点] never 与倒装句 ‎ ‎【模仿】在我的一生中从来没有见过像杭州这样漂亮的地方。 ‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：Never in my life have I seen such a wonderful place as Hangzhou. ‎ ‎2【原句】Only when you have seen what he or she does can you cover a story by yourself ‎ ‎ Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know. ‎ ‎[模仿要点] only＋状语 与倒装句 ‎ ‎【模仿】只有当你把这些英语句子背诵非常流利，你才可以在你的作文中写出它们。‎ ‎ __________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：Only when you have recited these English sentences very fluently are you able to write ‎ them out in your composition. ‎ ‎3【原句】‎ Not only am I interested in photography, but I took a course at university, so it's actually of special interest to me. ‎ ‎[模仿要点] not only…but also…与倒装句 ‎ ‎【模仿1】他不仅许下承诺，而且也信守承诺。 ‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：Not only did he make a promise, but also he kept it.‎ ‎ ‎ 句子翻译 ‎1.看起来一些自然灾害应归咎于全球变暖。（seem; be to blame for）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2.他知道在收集、分析这些事实之前，他们不可能得出一个的结论。（not…until…; draw a conclusion）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3.我希望我刚才所讲的能澄清情况。（I hope what …; clarify）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4.她出生于北京的一个家庭，5岁就开始打乒乓球。（过去分词作状语）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5.在未来，我们希望我们能够建立一个环保地回收垃圾的系统。（where引导的定语从句）‎ ‎ ‎ 答案：‎ ‎1.It seems that global warming could be to blame for the natural disasters． ‎ ‎2.He knew they would not draw a conclusion until the all facts had been gathered and analyzed.‎ ‎3.I hope what I just told you has clarified the situation. ‎ ‎4.Born into a worker’s family in Beijing, she began to play table tennis at the age of five.‎ ‎5.In the future, we hope we can develop a system where waste can be recycled in an environmentally friendly way ‎[单元语法]‎ ‎ ‎ 上节课课后作业检查和订正 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 一、当过去分词作为表语 The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 这座城市三面环山. ‎ ‎【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作. ‎ ‎ (1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作) ‎ ‎ (2) The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了.(过去分词作表语) ‎ ‎【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成, -ing 形式表示主动或进行.有些动词如 interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,用 -ing 形式来修饰物. ‎ ‎ (3) The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣. ‎ 二、当过去分词作为定语 ‎ 作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成. ‎ ‎1. 过去分词用作定语,如果是单个的,常置于其所修饰的名词之前. ‎ We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况. ‎ ‎2. 过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,其意义相当于一个定语从句,但较从句简洁,多用于书面语中. ‎ The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功. ‎ ‎3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号. ‎ The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人. ‎ ‎4. 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物,这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人,但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关. ‎ The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视. ‎ 三、当过去分词作为状语 ‎ ‎1. 过去分词作状语过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作. ‎ ‎ (1) Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好. ‎ ‎【注意】written 为过去分词作状语,表示这篇文章是被写的,而且已经被写. 值得注意的是,有些过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表主动.这样的过去分词及短语常见的有: lost (迷路); seated (坐); hidden (躲); stationed (驻扎); lost / absorbed in (沉溺于); born (出身于); dressed in (穿着); tired of (厌烦). ‎ ‎ (2) Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音. ‎ ‎2. 过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语,此时应注意人称一致. ‎ ‎ (1) Given another hour, I can also work out this problem. ‎ 再给我一个小时,我也能解这道题.(given 为过去分词作状语,它的逻辑主语为主句主语 I ,即 I 被再给一个小时.) ‎ ‎ (2)_ Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us. ‎ 从山顶看城市,城市显得更漂亮.(seen 为过去分词作状语,表"被看",由语境可知,它的逻辑主语必须是城市,而不是"我们",因为"我们"应主动看城市.) ‎ ‎【注意】如果过去分词作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语,主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语,这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构. ‎ ‎ (1) The signal given, the bus started. 信号一发出,汽车就开动了.(the signal 是 given 的逻辑主语,因此主句主语 the bus 就不是given 的逻辑主语. ‎ ‎ (2) Her head held high, she went by. 她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去.(her head 是 held high 的逻辑主语,因此主句主语 she 就不再是held high 的逻辑主语.) ‎ ‎3. 过去分词作状语来源于状语从句. ‎ ‎ (1) Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨,所以他全身湿透了. (caught in a heavy rain 为过去分词短语作原因状语,它来源于原因状语从句 Because he was caught in a heavy rain.) ‎ ‎ (2)_Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快.( grown in rich soil 为过去分词作条件状语,它来源于条件状语从句 If these seeds are grown in rich soil. ‎ ‎【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构成"连词+过去分词"结构作状语. ‎ When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 当你做体格检查时要保持镇定. ‎ ‎4. 过去分词作状语的位置.过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语,后面有逗号与主句隔开;也可放在主句后面,前面有逗号与主句隔开. ‎ He stood there silently, moved to tears. = Moved to tears, he stood there silently. 他静静地站在那里,被感动得热泪盈眶. ‎ 四、当过去分词作为宾语补足语 ‎ ‎ (一)能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下四类: ‎ ‎1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词.如:see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等. ‎ ‎(1) I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌.(过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语动作heard;) ‎ ‎(2)_He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡变化很大.(过去分词changed的动作显然先于谓语动作found) ‎ ‎2. 表示"致使"意义的动词.如:have, make, get, keep, leave等. ‎ ‎ (1) I'll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发. ‎ ‎ (2) He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了. ‎ ‎ (3) Don't leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完. ‎ ‎3. 表示思维活动的动词如consider， know， think等后。如： ‎ ‎ (1) I consider the matter settled. 我认为这件事解决了。 ‎ ‎ (2) I thought myself wronged somehow in the bargain. 我认为自己在这场交易中有受愚弄了。‎ ‎4. 表示爱憎､意愿的动词如want， wish， like， hate等后。如： ‎ ‎ (1) I wanted two tickets reserved. 我要预定两张机票。 ‎ ‎ (2) He didn’t wish it mentioned. 他不愿这事被提起。‎ ‎【注意】过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系. ‎ ‎ (二)使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况. ‎ ‎1. 过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成. ‎ He had his money stolen.他的钱给偷了.(被别人偷去了) ‎ ‎2. 过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历.如: ‎ He had his leg broken.他的腿断了. (自己的经历) ‎ 五、"with +宾语+过去分词"的结构 ‎ 此结构中,过去分词用作介词 with的宾语补足语.这一结构通常在句中作时间,方式,条件,原因等状语. ‎ ‎(1) The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后.(表方式) ‎ ‎(2) With water heated, we can see the steam. 水一被加热,我们就会看到水蒸气.(表条件) ‎ ‎(3) With the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解决,我们都回家了.(表原因) ‎ ‎(4)She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她站在他面前,眼睛注视着他. ‎ ‎(5) He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 他仍然举着手站了一会儿.‎ ‎ ‎ 倒装句的定义：英语最基本的词序是主语在谓语动词的前面。如果把谓语动词放在主语前面，就叫做倒装。 ‎ 倒装句的构成 ‎ a) 完全倒装 ‎ 将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，称之为完全倒装。 ‎ Now comes the chance. 机会来了。 ‎ b) 部分倒装 ‎ 只将助动词、系动词或情态动词移至主语之前，谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面，称之为部分倒装。例如： ‎ Has he come? 他来了吗？ ‎ Seldom have we felt as comfortable as here. 我们难得像在这里这么舒服。 ‎ Only in this way can we do the work better. 只有这样我们才能把工作做得更好。 ‎ 倒装的原因 ‎ a) 句子语法结构的需要。例如： ‎ Did you attend the meeting? 你参加会议了吗？ Long live peace! 和平万岁！ ‎ b) 一些句型的固定用法。例如： ‎ Such were his last words. 他最后的话就是这样。 ‎ c）强调的需要。倒装以后，句子更加流畅生动。例如： ‎ Never before have we seen such a sight. 以前我们从来没有见过这样的情景。 ‎ Before us lay a lot of difficulties. 在我们前面有很多困难。 ‎ Often did we warn them not to do so. 我们曾多次警告他们不要这样做。‎ 倒装句的基本用法 ‎ a) 构成疑问句（除对主语或主语之定语提问的特殊疑问句外）： ‎ When are we going to drink to your happiness? 我们什么时候喝你们的喜酒? ‎ Have you seen the film? 你看了那部电影吗? ‎ b) 在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副词开头的句子中: ‎ Away went the crowd one by one. 人们一个一个地离去。 ‎ Here comes our teacher! 我们的老师来了！ ‎ c) 副词only+状语放在句首时: ‎ Only then did he realize his mistakes. 只有在那时他才认识到自己的错误。 ‎ Only in this way can you learn maths well. 只有用这种方法你才能学好数学。 ‎ d) 含有否定意义的副词或连词（如little, hardly, never, rarely, no sooner…than等）放在句首时: ‎ Little did I think that he could be back alive. 我没有想到他竟能活着回来。 ‎ Not until New Year’s Day shall I give you a gift. 我要到元旦那天才能给你礼物。 ‎ Hardly had the train arrived at the station when we ran towards the sleeping car looking for our guests. ‎ 火车刚一进站，我们就跑到卧车那儿去找我们的客人。 ‎ e) 副词so或 neither(nor)在句首: ‎ He is interested in pop-songs, and so am I.他对流行歌曲感兴趣，我也如此。 ‎ He hasn’t been to the countryside, neither does he want to go there.他没有去过农村，他也不想去那里。 ‎ f) 在方式状语thus开头的句子中及程度状语so放句首: ‎ Thus ended his life. 这样结束了他的生命。 ‎ So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. 他讲话的声音那样大，连隔壁屋子里的人都听得见。 ‎ so作“也”讲时，引导的句子用倒装语序，例如： ‎ He went to the film last night. So did I. 他昨天晚上去看电影了，我也去了。 ‎ 如不作“也”讲而只起连词作用，表示一种结果的意思，句子就要用正常语序。‎ 例如： ‎ His mother told him to go to the film. So he did. 他母亲叫他去看电影，他就去了。 ‎ ‎“He is a tall thin man.” “So he is.” “他又高又瘦。” “确实如此。” ‎ ‎ 某些让步状语从句往往把表语提到主语前面或放在句首，以构成倒装结构。例如： ‎ No matter how interesting the book is，he doesn't like to read it．不管这本书多有趣，他都不想看。 ‎ However hard a solid may be，we can change its shape. 不管一个固体有多硬，我们都可以改变其形状。 ‎ Young as he is, he knows a lot. 虽然他年轻，却知道很多东西。 ‎ 在虚拟语气中，如果非真实条件句省略if，须将主句中的were, had和should等助动词和主语颠倒形成部分倒装。例如： ‎ Were he younger (= If he were younger), he would learn skating. 假如他年轻一些，他就会去学溜冰。 ‎ Should they forget (= If they should forget) to bring a map with them, they would get lost in the ‎ woods ‎ 如果他们忘记带一张地图的话，他们就会在深林里迷路。 ‎ Had they realized (= If they had realized) how important the task was, they wouldn’t have refused to accept it. 假如他们认识到这个任务是多么重要的话，他们就不至于拒绝接受这项任务。‎ ‎ ‎ 一、 省略的目的 省略多见于非正式的文体，尤其在对话中，省略是一种十分普遍的现象。英语中的省略一般说来有三个目的：‎ A． 避免重复，减少累赘。‎ B． 连接紧密，结构紧凑。‎ C．强调重点，突出信息。‎ 二、 可省略的成分 省略大致可归纳为功能词的省略和语法结构上的省略两种。在很多情况下，这两种省略存在着交*的关系，即有时既是功能词的省略，同时又是语法结构上的省略。‎ A． 功能词的省略 功能词指的是没有完整意义，但有语法意义的词，如冠词、介词、助动词等。英语句子结构的简洁，首先表现在功能词的省略上。‎ ‎1．冠词的省略 ‎ They elected John (the) monitor of the class. 他们选约翰当班长。‎ ‎ 提示：‎ ‎ 在英语新闻标题、告示中，经常省略冠词。‎ ‎ Chinese President Stresses Role of Working Class 中国国家主席强调工人阶级作用 （新闻标题 = The Chinese President Stresses the Role of the Working Class）‎ ‎ People Rebuild Homes After Flood 洪水退后人民重建家园（新闻标题 = The People Rebuild Their Homes After the Flood）‎ ‎ DO NOT SPEAK TO DRIVER WHILE BUS IS IN MOTION 汽车在行驶时请勿和司机讲话。（告示 = Do not speak to the driver while the bus is in motion）‎ ‎2．代词的省略 ‎ I went to the market, (I) bought something useful, and (I) returned home within an hour. 我去了市场，买了点有用的东西，一小时之内就回来了。‎ ‎ They didn't like it, yet (they) said nothing. 他们并不喜欢它，可是什么话也没说。‎ ‎ (It) Doesn't matter. 这不碍事。‎ ‎ (You) Had a good time, didn't you 玩得开心，是吧？‎ ‎3．连词的省略 ‎ We are delighted (that) you can come. 你能来，我们很高兴。‎ ‎ I believe (that) you will succeed．我相信你们会成功的。‎ ‎4．关系词的省略 ‎ I'll give you all (that) I have. 我要把我所有的一切都给你。‎ ‎ He read the book (which) I got yesterday. 他看过我昨天买的书了。‎ ‎5．助动词的省略 ‎ (Does) Anyone want a drink 有谁要喝一杯吗？‎ ‎ Who (do) you think you are 你以为你是谁？（在特殊疑问句中，当主语是第二人称时，助动词do可省略）‎ ‎ I (have) got to go now. 我得走了。‎ ‎6．不定式符号的省略 ‎ I hope to finish my job and (to) go back home. 我希望做完事回家。（当几个不定式并列时，一般只需在第一个不定式前用to）‎ ‎ What we could do was (to) get away. （主语从句中含有do，那么作表语的动词不定式往往省略to）‎ ‎ We did not dare (to) speak. 我们不敢说话。（dare作行为动词用时，否定式可省略to）‎ ‎ There is nothing to do but (to) obey the orders. 除了服从命令之外，我们别无他法。（介词but前如有do，but后可省略to）‎ 注意：‎ ‎ 当两个并列的不定式在意义上表示对比关系时，后面的不定式一般不省略to。‎ ‎ To be or not to be, that is the question. 活着还是死亡，这就是问题所在。（莎士比亚）‎ ‎ It was better to laugh than to cry. 笑比哭好。‎ ‎7．介词的省略 ‎ 在下列结构中，介词in常常省略。‎ ‎ be busy (in) doing sth. 忙于做某事 ‎ spend time (in) doing sth. 花时间做某事 ‎ waste energy (in) doing sth. 浪费精力做某事 ‎ have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 ‎ have a good time (in) doing sth. 某事做得非常愉快 ‎ have a hard time (in) doing sth. 某事做得很艰难 ‎ take turns (in) doing sth. 轮流做某事 ‎ It is no use (in) doing sth. 做某事没有用 ‎ It is no good (in) doing sth. 做某事无益 ‎ There is no hurry (in) doing sth. 不必着急做某事 ‎ There is no point (in) doing sth. 做某事无意义 ‎ There is no use (in) doing sth. 做某事没有用 ‎8．引导词there的省略 ‎ (There) Ought to be some coffee in the pot. 壶里应该有些咖啡的。‎ ‎ (There) Must be somebody waiting for you. 肯定有人在等你。‎ B． 句子成分的省略 为了避免重复，或者为了使某一内容显要注目，可以省略某些句子成分而保持句子原意不变。‎ ‎1．省略主语 ‎ Hope so. 希望如此。（= I hope so.）‎ ‎ Beg your pardon. 请你原谅。（= I beg your pardon.）‎ ‎ Take care! 当心！（= You take care.）‎ ‎ 注意：‎ ‎ 祈使句主语通常省略（如Take care! 当心！）。但有时为了明确对方，可加上主语。‎ ‎ You feed the bird today, will you 今天你喂鸟，好吗？‎ ‎ Somebody answer the phone, please. 请来个人接一下电话。‎ ‎2．省略谓语 ‎ Anything the matter？要紧吗？（= Is anything the matter） ‎ ‎ Who next 该谁了？（= Who comes next）‎ ‎ Just a moment, please. 请等一会儿。（= Just wait a moment, please.）‎ ‎3．省略表语 ‎ Are you ready Yes, I am. 你准备好了吗？ 我准备好了。（am后面省略了表语ready）‎ ‎ He is a lover of sports as he was in his youth. 他还是像年轻时那样，是一位运动爱好者。（was后面省略了表语a lover of sports）‎ ‎4．省略宾语 ‎ We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们必须分析问题解决问题。（analyze后省略了宾语problems）‎ ‎ I struck match after match, but could not light. 我划了一根又一根火柴，但一根也没划着。（light后省略了宾语a match）‎ ‎5．省略定语 ‎ He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved. 他花了一部分钱，其余的他都存了起来。（the rest后面省略了定语of the money）‎ ‎6．省略状语 ‎ (Even) The wisest man cannot know everything. 即使最聪明的人也不能无所不知。‎ ‎ Mary spoke (rudely), and John answered rudely. 玛丽说得粗鲁，约翰答得也粗鲁。‎ ‎ He was not hurt. (How) Strange! 他没有受伤，真奇怪！‎ 三、 省略在句子中的运用 在一个句子中，省略可分为依赖上下文省略和不依赖上下文省略两种。前者省略的部分可在句子中找到，但后者可能找不到。‎ A． 简单句中的省略 ‎1．依赖上下文的省略，在对话中最为常用。‎ ‎ Like more beer 再要点啤酒吗？（= Would you like more beer） — Would you mind if I used your telephone 用一下你的电话，你介意吗？‎ ‎ — Not at all. 一点也不。（= I do not mind at all.）‎ ‎ — Will he pass this examination他这次考试会通过吗？‎ ‎ — Probably. 大概会的。（= He will probably pass the examination.）‎ ‎ 提示：‎ ‎ 被省略的部分一般可以根据上下文在句子中补上，但有时省略结构已经定型，如果把省略部分补上，反而显得累赘或不合乎习惯。‎ ‎ An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening. 一日之计在于晨。（在two后补上hours显得罗嗦。）‎ ‎ It is now ten to seven. 现在七点十分。（如说It is now ten minutes to seven o'clock. 显得累赘）‎ ‎ No parking. 禁止停车。（= No parking is allowed here. 告示用语，补上不合乎习惯。）‎ ‎2．不依赖于上下文的省略。‎ ‎ All aboard! 请上船。（=All go aboard. 省略谓语）‎ ‎ What exciting news! 多么令人激动的消息啊！(= What exciting news it is! 省略主语+谓语)‎ ‎ Sounds like a good idea. 听上去是个好主意。(= It sounds like a good idea. 省略主语)‎ B． 并列句中的省略 并列句中如果前后分句有相同的部分，常常可以省略掉，以避免重复。通常被省略的可以是主语、谓语、谓语动词、宾语或其它成分，或句子成分的一部分。‎ ‎1．省略出现在后一分句。‎ ‎ John likes collecting stamps but (John) hates listening to music. 约翰喜欢集邮但不喜欢听音乐。（省略主语）‎ ‎ Some books are to be tasted, others (are) to be swallowed, and some few (are) to be chewed and digested. ‎ 有些书是应当尝尝滋味的，有些书是应当吞食下去的，有少数书是应当咀嚼和消化的。（省略谓语）‎ ‎ I have been to Beijing and (I have) seen the Great Wall. 我到过北京，见到了万里长城。（省略主语+助动词）‎ ‎ I asked him to see the film, but he didn't want to (see the film). 我请他去看电影，但他不想去。（省略作宾语的不定式）‎ ‎ 注意：‎ ‎ 为了避免重复，不定式可以省去与句子前面重复的动词原形，但不定式符号to必须保留。‎ ‎ —Will you join in the game 你愿意参加这项活动吗？‎ ‎ —I'd be glad to (join in the game). 我很乐意参加。‎ ‎ I didn't want to go there, but I had to (go there). 我不想去那里，但没办法。‎ ‎2．省略出现在前一分句。‎ ‎ We can (win tomorrow's match), and certainly will, win tomorrow's match. 我们能够，而且一定会在明天的比赛中获胜。（前一分句省略谓语+宾语）‎ ‎ I wished (to find him), yet feared to find him. 我又想找到他，又怕找到他。‎ ‎3．前后两个分句都出现省略。‎ ‎ They can (pay the full fee) and (they) should pay the full fee. 他们能够也应该支付全部费用。‎ ‎ I'll fly to (Guangzhou), but (I'll) drive back from Guangzhou. 我将飞往广州，但开车回来。‎ C．复合句中的省略 ‎ 在主从复合句中，省略的现象是很普遍的。‎ ‎1．省略主句的句首部分。‎ ‎ (I'm) Sorry I couldn't go. 很抱歉，我不能去。‎ ‎ (Is there) Nothing more you want to say 你没什么要补充吗？‎ ‎2．省略整个主句或主句的一部分（回答问题时常用）。‎ ‎ (It is a ) Pity he's failed. 很遗憾，他失败了。‎ ‎ If he says he'll come, he will (come). 如果他说来，他就一定会来。‎ ‎ What (will happen) if it's raining 如果天下雨怎么办？‎ ‎3．在一些状语从句中，如果谓语动词是be，主语又和主句的主语一致，或者主语是it，常常可以把从句中的主语和be省略掉。‎ ‎ ①以when, while, once, until等连词引导的时间状语从句 ‎ When (you are) in Rome do as Rome does. 入国问禁，入乡随俗。‎ ‎ Whenever (it is) possible, you should speak English as much as you can. 在任何可能的时间，你应多讲英语。（省略的主语it并不和主句的主语一致）‎ ‎ Please come as soon as (it is) possible. 请尽快来。‎ ‎ 注意：‎ ‎ 由连词before和after引导的时间状语从句，如省略了主语和be之后，before和after就成了介词。‎ ‎ The old machine must be checked before it is used. 这台旧机器在使用前必须检查。‎ ‎ 【误】The old machine must be checked before used. （动词的-ed形式不可做介词的宾语）‎ ‎ 【正】The old machine must be checked before being used. ‎ ‎ He told me the truth after he was asked three times. 问了他三遍他才告诉我真相。‎ ‎ 【误】He told me the truth after asked three times.‎ ‎ 【正】He told me the truth after being asked three times.‎ ‎ ②以as if, as though等连词引导的方式状语从句 ‎ She lay there, as if (she was) dead. 她躺在那儿，好像死了。（省略的主语和主句的主语一致）‎ ‎ He opened his lips as if (he were going) to say something. 他张开嘴唇，好像要说什么话似的。‎ ‎ ③以if, unless等连词引导的条件状语从句 ‎ We shall start at eight, if (it is) convenient. 如果方便的话，我们八点钟出发。‎ ‎ ④以even if, even though, though, although, whether等连词引导的让步状语从句 ‎ Frost is possible, though (it is) not probable, even at the end of May. 甚至在五月底下霜也是可能的，虽然可能性不太大。‎ ‎ Whether (it is) difficult or not, we will try our best to complete the task. 不管任务是否艰巨，我们都要尽力去完成。‎ ‎ 提示：‎ ‎ 在这类从句中，如果be是助动词，后面跟着现在分词或过去分词，只要主语和从句中的主语相同，也可以把从句中的主语和助动词be省略掉。‎ ‎ He hurt his leg while (he was) riding a horse. 他在骑马时伤了腿。‎ ‎ When (you are) cycling, don't forget the traffic lights. 骑车时，不要忘记看红绿灯。‎ ‎ Once (it is) seen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦看见，就永远不会忘记。‎ ‎4．在比较从句中通常把和主句重复的部分省掉。‎ ‎ ①省略谓语的全部 ‎ James enjoys the theatre more than Susan. 詹姆斯比苏姆更喜欢戏剧。（Susan后省略了enjoys the theatre）‎ ‎ Tom has as many books as Jack. 汤姆有跟杰克一样多的书。（Jack后省略了has many books）‎ ‎ ②省略主语和谓语的一部分 ‎ Brown speaks French as fluently as English. 布朗说法语和英语一样流利。（as后省略了he speaks）‎ ‎ She was more angry than frightened. 与其说她害怕，倒不如说她生气。（than后省略了She was）‎ ‎ ③省略表语部分 ‎ Mrs White is not so young as she looks. 怀特夫人没有看上去那样年轻。（looks后省略了young）‎ ‎ The situation is much more delicate than it seems. 情况要比表面上看起来微妙得多。（seems后省略了delicate）‎ ‎ ④省略主语和谓语的大部分，保留状语 ‎ He is working harder than before. 他现在工作比过去努力多了。（than后省略了he worked hard）‎ ‎ There are as many students in our school as in their school. 我们学校的学生和他们学校的学生一样多。（as后省略了there are many students）‎ ‎ ⑤省略主语 ‎ He drank a little more than was good for him. 他喝酒稍有一点过量。（than 后省略了it）‎ ‎ ⑥省略宾语 ‎ You spent more money than I had expected. 你花掉的钱比我预料的多。（expected后省略了that you should spend）‎ ‎ I was able to borrow as many books as (what) I asked for. 我想要的许多书如数借到。‎ ‎ ⑦省略从句的全部 ‎ You are getting slimmer. 你越来越苗条了。（slimmer后省略了than you were before）‎ ‎ It is not only blind men who make such stupid mistakes. People who can see sometimes act just as foolishly. 不仅仅只是瞎子才犯如此愚蠢的错误。有时候，眼睛看得见的人也做出同样的蠢事。（foolishly后省略了as blind men act）‎ ‎ 注意：‎ ‎ 在这类句子中，被省略的部分大多数是不表示出来的。如果把省略部分补上，反而不合乎习惯。‎ ‎ He is taller than I am. 他比我高。（am之后省略tall，补上不合习惯）‎ ‎5．主句和从句中可同时省略一些成分。‎ ‎ The sooner (this is done), the better (it will be). 越快越好。‎ ‎ (If you take) No pains, (you will make) no gains. （谚）不劳则无获。‎ C． 使用替代词的省略 我们在省略句子某些成分时，有时还必须加上适当的替代词，如do, so, one等，以保持句子意思的完整。‎ ‎1．do ‎ do用来代替动词或动词加其他成分。‎ ‎ I know you better than he does. 我比他更了解你。（he does等于he knows you）‎ ‎ --- Have you finished your work ‎ --- Yes, I did yesterday. （did替代finished my work）‎ ‎ 2．so ‎ so在expect, think, imagine, hope, suppose, believe等词后面，代替单词、词组或句子。‎ ‎ She became a loyal friend to me and remains so. 她成了我的一个忠诚的朋友，而且一直如此。（so替代a loyal friend）‎ ‎ --- Has she ever been to London 她曾到过伦敦吗 ‎ --- I don't think so. 我想她没去过。（= I don't think she has been to London.)‎ ‎ 提示：‎ ‎ 也可使用do so, do that来代替动词加宾语。‎ ‎ He said he would make the bed for me but he didn't do so. 他说他帮我整理床铺的，但是他没有这样做。（do so代替make the bed for me） ‎ They played cards after supper and I watched them do that. 他们晚饭后打牌，我在一旁观看。（do that代替play cards）‎ ‎ 3．not ‎ not代替否定的句子，用法和so相似。‎ ‎ --- Will it rain tomorrow 明天会下雨吗 ‎ --- I hope not. 我希望不会。（= I hope it won't rain tomorrow.）‎ ‎ --- Can you come next week 你下星期能来吗 ‎ --- I'm afraid not. 恐怕我不能来。(= I'm afraid that I cannot come.)‎ ‎ 4．the same ‎ the same可代替词组或从句。‎ ‎ The mother swept the floor and her child did the same. 母亲扫地, 孩子也跟着干。（the same代替swept the floor）‎ ‎ Kate ordered two fried eggs. I ordered the same. 凯特点了两个煎鸡蛋，我也点了同样的菜。（the same代替two fried eggs）‎ ‎ These oranges are just as sour as the last ones we had. They taste the same. 这些桔子和我们上次吃的一样酸。他们味道一样。（the same代替as sour as the last ones we had）‎ ‎ 5．one ‎ ‎ one是不定代词，常用来代替可数名词。其复数形式是ones。‎ ‎ I haven't got any books; can you lend me one 我没有书，你能借我一本吗？‎ ‎ The white dresses go with the hat better than the blue ones. 白色套装比蓝色套装更配这顶帽子。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【题干】All things _____, the planned trip will have to be called off. ‎ A. be considered B. considering C. having considered D. considered ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】所有的事情都被考虑在内。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【题干】Mr. White promised to help me and _______ the next day. ‎ ‎ A. neither he did B. so he did C. neither did he D. so did he ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】so+主语+助动词，表示某人确实如此。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【题干】Although ________ to stop, he kept on working.‎ ‎ A. tell B. telling C. having told D. told ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】状语从句的主语和主句一致，谓语含有be动词的任何形式，可以把从句中的主语和谓语一起省略。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1. ______ the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree _____ out of her life.‎ A. Saw; frightened B. Seen; frightened ‎ C. To see; frightening D. Seeing; frightened ‎2. ____, mother will wait for him to have dinner together. ‎ A. However late is he B. However he is late ‎ C. However is he late D. However late he is ‎ ‎3.— Can you climb that tree, my boy? — __________ ?‎ ‎ A. I B. Myself C. Mine D. Me 答案：D D D ‎ ‎ ‎1.The research is so designed that once ______ nothing can be done to change it.‎ A. begins B. begun C. beginning D. having begun ‎2. Only when class began ______ that he had left his book at home. ‎ A. will he realize B. he did realize ‎ C. did he realize D. should he realize ‎ ‎3. — I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?‎ ‎ — Not at all. _________.‎ A. I’ve no time B. I’d rather not C. I’d like to D. I’d be happy to 答案：B C C ‎ ‎ ‎1._____ in 1613, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United Stated.‎ A. being founded B. Founded C. It was founded D. Founding ‎2. Hardly _____ when the bus suddenly pulled away. ‎ A. they had got to the bus stop ‎ B. they got to the bus stop ‎ C. did they get to the bus stop ‎ D. had they got to the bus stop ‎ ‎3. Generally speaking, ________according to directions, the drug has no side effect. ‎ A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken 答案：B D B ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 本课主要复习必修五重点语法，即过去分词，倒装句和省略句。过去分词主要在于与现在分词区分使用。倒装句和省略句需要学生牢记句型及使用情况。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1._____ more attention, the tree could have grown better.‎ A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given ‎2. —I don’t think I can walk any further. ‎ ‎ —_____, Let’s stop here for a rest. ‎ A. Neither can I B. Neither do I ‎ C. I didn’t think so D. I think so ‎ ‎3. — You should have thanked her before you left. ‎ ‎ — I meant ________, but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere. ‎ A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing it 答案：A A A ‎ ‎ ‎1. In order not to be disturbed, I spent three hours _____ in my study.‎ A. locking B. to lock C. locked D. being locked ‎2. Only in this way ______ do it well. ‎ A. must we B. we could C. can we D. we can ‎ ‎3. —You haven’t lost the ticket, have you? ‎ ‎—________. I know it’s not easy to get another one at the moment. ‎ A. I hope not B. Yes, I have C. I hope so D. Yes, I’m afraid so ‎ 答案：D C A ‎ ‎ ‎1. ____ alone in the dark room, the little boy was so frightened as to cry.‎ A. Leaving B. Left C. To be left D. Having left ‎2. ______, I would have given you his address. ‎ A. If you asked me B. You had asked me ‎ C. Should you have asked me D. Had you asked me ‎ ‎3. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ________. ‎ A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to ‎ 答案：B D A