山东省临沂实验学校2020届高三高考模拟卷（八）英语试卷 Word版含解析

山东省临沂实验学校2020届高三高考模拟卷（八）英语试卷 Word版含解析

‎2020年山东临沂实验学校高考模拟卷(八)‎ 英语 ‎（考试时间：100 分钟）‎ 注意事项：‎ ‎1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。‎ ‎2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。‎ ‎3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。‎ 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 50 分）‎ ‎（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ A The latest diet trend in America is also an ancient human activity. The activity is fasting, or not eating food for a set amount of time.‎ Social media apps and Facebook groups are appearing for people who do “intermittent fasting,” or fasting on a part-time basis. Like other diets, intermittent fasting helps you lose weight by setting limits on eating. But instead of limiting what you eat, it limits when you eat.‎ Melissa Breaux Bankston is a Crossfit instructor in New Orleans, Louisiana. She tried intermittent fasting as a way to reduce her snacking. “I wanted to limit the amount of time that I was eating,” she said.‎ However, for now, limited research suggests it may not be any better for weight loss than reducing calorie intake over the long term.‎ ‎“It’s really another way of fooling your body into eating less calories,” said Krista Varady, who studies intermittent fasting at the University of Illinois at Chicago.‎ Courtney Peterson, of the University of Alabama at Birmingham, also studies intermittent fasting. She suggested the benefits of intermittent fasting are not as great as some might suggest. “Unfortunately, intermittent fasting gets a little hyped,” she said.‎ Some health experts say intermittent fasting might be too difficult for many people. They - 21 -‎ ‎ point to a study of 100 people where those placed in a fasting group lost about the same amount of weight as those on diets that restricted calories. The fasting group had a dropout rate of 38 percent, compared with 29 percent for the caloric-restriction diet group.‎ But intermittent fasting may be easier for people who already skip meals when they are too busy, said Varady. People interested in intermittent fasting should talk to their doctor before trying it. Health experts do not recommend intermittent fasting for children, people on some medications and people with a history of eating disorders.‎ ‎1. What do intermittent fasting and other diets have in common?‎ A. They limit what you eat. B. They limit when you eat.‎ C. They help people lose weight D. They are on a part-time basis.‎ ‎2. What does the underlined word “hyped” in paragraph 6 mean?‎ A. Ignored B. Overstated. C. Welcomed. D. Rejected.‎ ‎3. Which statement is right according to the passage?‎ A. Intermittent fasting is very effective.‎ B. Intermittent fasting is difficult for all people.‎ C. People can try intermittent fasting as they like.‎ D. All people are not advised to do intermittent fasting.‎ ‎【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国的新饮食趋势——间歇性禁食。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段Like other diets, intermittent fasting helps you lose weight by setting limits on eating. 可知，与其他节食方法一样，间歇性禁食通过限制饮食来帮助你减重。故选C。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据划线单词前一句She suggested the benefits of intermittent fasting are not as great as some might suggest.可知，她表明间歇性禁食的好处并不像有些人建议的那么大。再结合划线单词所在句Unfortunately, intermittent fasting gets a little hyped,可知，因为间歇性禁食的好处并不像有些人建议的那么大，由此可知划线单词 “hyped”的意思是“夸大陈述”。故选B。‎ - 21 -‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第6段She suggested the benefits of intermittent fasting are not as great as some might suggest.（她表明间歇性禁食的好处并不像有些人建议的那么大）可知，选项A的描述错误；根据倒数第二段Some health experts say intermittent fasting might be too difficult for many people. （一些健康专家说，间歇性禁食对很多人来说可能太难了。）可知，选项B的描述错误；根据最后一段People interested in intermittent fasting should talk to their doctor before trying it.（对间歇性禁食感兴趣的人在尝试之前应该和他们的医生谈谈。）可知，选项C的描述错误；根据文章最后一句Health experts do not recommend intermittent fasting for children, people on some medications and people with a history of eating disorders.（健康专家不建议儿童、服用某些药物的人以及有饮食失调史的人间歇性禁食。）可知，选项D. All people are not advised to do intermittent fasting. ( 不建议所有人都做间歇性禁食。) 的描述正确。故选D。‎ B It began as a game: High school and college students studying computer technology figured out they could use personal computers to break into telephone company computers and make free, long-distance telephone calls. These young computer talents soon gained the name "hackers".‎ Police arrested a few hackers, but many went on to even more complex hacking. One of them was arrested for making illegal telephone calls and later he used a phone to change a police officer's credit records to get back at the officer for arresting him. He also used a computer to change his college records to give himself better grades.‎ As hackers gained experience, they began invading computers at banks, airlines and other businesses. In one case a hacker instructed an airline' s computer to give him free airplane tickets.‎ The U.S. government is worried that hackers may break into its networks of defense computers. The government's secrets are easily attacked because thousands of government computers are connected by telephone lines that hackers can get into.‎ In November 1988, a college student entered a U.S. Defense Department computer network called Arpanet. The hacker injected a computer program that made copies of itself throughout Arpanet. Some hackers use viruses to destroy all the data in a computer. But in this case, government officials shut down the network before the program reached every computer in the system. Shutting down the system angered many researchers who were using the computers. The hacker turned himself in to the police and he was charged with a crime.‎ - 21 -‎ The incident put the spotlight on computer hacking in the United States. Many companies have hired experts to protect their computers from hackers, and many computer experts now advise companies on how to protect their computers.‎ The U.S. government believes foreign governments have hired hackers to try to break into top-secret defense computers.‎ Experts disagree over whether a computer network can ever be safe from hacking. But in the future, some of the most outstanding minds in the U.S. will be working to frustrate the attempts of computer hackers.‎ ‎4. What did the first hackers do?‎ A. They broke into government computers. B. They destroyed airplane ticket systems.‎ C. They played computer games. D. They made free phone calls.‎ ‎5. Why can U.S. government computers be easily hacked into?‎ A. They have no defense systems. B. They are connected by telephone lines.‎ C. They are partly accessible to the public. D. They lack complex processing programs.‎ ‎6. What happened to the government computers in November 1988?‎ A. They lost all of the important data.‎ B. They were shut down by researchers.‎ C. They were invaded by a college student.‎ D. They got totally ruined by a computer program.‎ ‎7. What did companies decide to do to protect their computer systems?‎ A. Employ computer talents. B. Build secret defense systems.‎ C. Ask the government for help. D. Collect and analyze the data of hackers.‎ ‎【答案】4. D 5. B 6. C 7. A ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文，讲述了“黑客”的由来和威胁，以及公司和政府对此做出的应对措施。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据 It began as a game:... figured out they could use personal computers to break - 21 -‎ ‎ into telephone company computers and make free, long-distance telephone calls. These young computer talents soon gained the name "hackers".可知它（也就是黑客）起初是一个游戏：学习计算机的高中生和大学生发现他们可以使用个人电脑闯入电话公司的电脑并拨打免费的长途电话。这些年轻的计算机人才很快就被称为“黑客”。这说明这些高中和大学生是第一批黑客，他们拨打了免费的电话，故选D项。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据The government's secrets are easily attacked because thousands of government computers are connected by telephone lines that hackers can get into.可知政府的秘密很容易被攻击，因为成千上万的政府计算机被容易受黑客侵入的电话线连接起来。故选B项。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据In November 1988, a college student entered a U.S. Defense Department computer network called Arpanet. The hacker injected a computer program that made copies of itself throughout Arpanet.可知1988年11月，一名大学生进入美国国防部的计算机网络Arpanet并注入了一个计算机程序，这个程序可以通过Arpanet进行自我复制。也就是说，美国政府的电脑被一个大学生入侵了，故选C项。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据Many companies have hired experts to protect their computers from hackers, and many computer experts now advise companies on how to protect their computers. 许多公司聘请了专家来保护他们的计算机免受黑客攻击并且许多计算机专家如今会建议公司如何保护他们的计算机。故选A项。‎ C Your colleague’s sharp comment keeps replaying in your mind. Two of your students are trapped in a “he said/she said” battle. When you reflect on your emotional reactions, you sometimes get caught up in cycles of negative feelings, which can make you feel even worse. If so, the answer may lie in a skill called “self-distancing”，the ability to take a step back and view yourself more objectively. According to a research, when people adopt self-distancing while discussing a difficult event, they make better sense of their reactions, experience less emotional suffering, and display fewer signs of stress.‎ But what might self-distancing look like in action? Consider a typical “he said/she said” student conflict where they are each focusing on their own feelings. One is thinking，“I can’t believe - 21 -‎ ‎ he did that to me.” And another insists, “She really hurt my feelings.” However, if you ask them to take the self-distancing, they might step outside of themselves and ask broader questions: “Why was he so hurt in this situation?” or “How did her anger affect him?”‎ Although this approach may sound too simple to be effective, studies indicate that a change in point of view can have a powerful effect on the way people think, feel, and behave. Here are several different techniques you can try.‎ First，consider how a thoughtful friend might respond after quietly observing their situation. Besides, avoid using the pronoun “I”. Focus on using third-person pronouns, he, she, they, and they were able to see the stressful event as challenging rather than threatening. Finally, ask yourself, “How would I feel about this one week from now or ten years from now?” This form of mental time travel may be effective because our attention is directed away from our immediate, concrete circumstances.‎ ‎8. What is self-distancing?‎ A. Getting stuck in negative emotions. B. A stressful situation.‎ C. A study on relieving emotional stress. D. Reflecting on yourself objectively.‎ ‎9. Paragraph 2 is developed by____.‎ A. example B. definition C. classification D. process ‎10. Which of the following statement uses the techniques of self-distancing?‎ A. I’m angry with him.‎ B. How I wish I could go back to the past!‎ C. How did these two people get to this point?‎ D. He grabbed my notes, and then, and then...‎ ‎11. What is the best title for the passage?‎ A. Why Self-distancing Matters B. The Application of Self-distancing C. Breaking the Cycle of Negative Reflection D. Ways to Reflect on Emotional Reactions ‎【答案】8. D 9. A 10. C 11. C ‎【解析】‎ - 21 -‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是一种有助于打破消极循环的技巧——自我疏远。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“the ability to take a step back and view yourself more objectively”可知，自我疏远指的是客观地反思自己，故D项正确。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Consider a typical “he said/she said” student conflict where they are each focusing on their own feelings.”及“However, if you ask them to take the self-distancing, they might step outside of themselves and ask broader questions: “Why was he so hurt in this situation?” or “How did her anger affect him?””可知，本段以学生冲突为例说明了自我疏远在实际行动中的应用，因此本段是通过举例的手法展开的，故A项正确。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Besides, avoid using the pronoun “I”. Focus on using third-person pronouns, he, she, they,”可知，避免使用代词“我”，专注于使用第三人称代词他、她或他们，故C项（这两个人是怎么走到这一步的？）正确。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。结合本文内容，尤其是根据第一段中的“When you reflect on your emotional reactions, you sometimes get caught up in cycles of negative feelings, which can make you feel even worse. If so, the answer may lie in a skill called “self-distancing””可知，当你反思自己的情绪反应时，你有时会陷入消极情绪的循环，如果是这样，答案可能是一种叫自我疏远的技巧，由此可知本文介绍的是打破消极循环的技巧——自我疏远，故C项正确。‎ ‎【点睛】说明文的主旨大意题的难度较大，抓住文章第一段是关键，例如本篇第4题，根据第一段中的“When you reflect on your emotional reactions, you sometimes get caught up in cycles of negative feelings, which can make you feel even worse. If so, the answer may lie in a skill called “self-distancing””可知，当你反思自己的情绪反应时，你有时会陷入消极情绪的循环，如果是这样，答案可能是一种叫自我疏远的技巧，由此可知本文介绍的是打破消极循环的技巧——自我疏远，而不是自我疏远的应用或自我疏远的重要性。‎ D Pangolins (穿山甲) are the most trafficked (非法交易) mammals in the world and are facing extinction. To draw attention to these scaly (有鳞片), anteater-like animals, a new wildlife - 21 -‎ ‎ documentary, Eye of the Pangolin, is attempting a unique way to inspire action and conservation. Partnering with the non-profit organization Pangolin. Africa, the documentary was made available on YouTube in May 2019. The intention is to reach communities wherever the Internet is available, especially African communities, who live near the animal’s habitats.‎ Over two years, the documentary crew traveled to South Africa, Ghana, Central African Republic and Gabon in search of the four unique species of pangolin, which has never been achieved before. Filmmakers Bruce Young and Johan Vermeulen say that they went into the shoot knowing relatively little about pangolins, but grew to respect and appreciate the animals. Getting close to the creatures over two years was a crash course in these secretive creatures. Johan Vermeulen said, "One thing however that might seem unimportant is that they are actually quite fussy eaters. You would think they would eat any type of ant, but they all prefer a specific type ant."‎ Pangolins are hunted illegally across Africa for their scales, which are used for traditional medicine, and their meat. In April 2019, Singaporean customs officials conducted two separate seizures of 24 tons of pangolin scales, which equals to the death of 69,000 pangolins.‎ Though the documentary focuses less on the trafficking of pangolins, and more on the animals in their natural habitat, the aim of the documentary is to inspire viewers around the world to call for action to end trafficking and protecting these unique creatures.‎ Filmed on location in South Africa, Ghana, Central African Republic, and Gabon, this powerful documentary is the story of two men on a mission to get all four species of African pangolin on camera for the very first time.‎ ‎12. What is the purpose of the documentary?‎ A. To study the situation of pangolins.‎ B. To collect fund to protect pangolins.‎ C. To raise awareness of pangolin protection.‎ D. To propose setting up pangolin reserves.‎ ‎13. What is the meaning of the underlined word “fussy” in paragraph 2?‎ A. Picky. B. Messy.‎ C. Showy. D. Heavy.‎ ‎14. What’s the documentary mainly about?‎ - 21 -‎ A. The illegal trade of pangolins.‎ B. The medical function of pangolin's scales.‎ C. The life of pangolins in their natural habitats.‎ D. The efforts of Pangolin, Africa to save pangolins.‎ ‎15. Where is the text most likely from?‎ A. A brochure. B. A diary.‎ C. A novel. D. A magazine.‎ ‎【答案】12. C 13. A 14. C 15. D ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇新闻报道。穿山甲是世界上被贩运最频繁的哺乳动物，并且正面临灭绝。一部新的野生动物纪录片《穿山甲之眼》正在尝试以一种独特的方式来呼吁人们采取行动保护它们。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“the aim of the documentary is to inspire viewers around the world to call for action to end trafficking and protecting these unique creatures.”可知，该纪录片的目的是呼吁全世界的观看者采取行动，制止贩运从而保护这些独特的生物。因此，该纪录片的目的是提高对穿山甲保护的认识。故选C。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“One thing however that might seem unimportant is that they are actually quite fussy eaters. You would think they would eat any type of ant, but they all prefer a specific type ant.”可知，穿山甲实际上是挑剔的食者。你会认为他们会吃任何类型的蚂蚁，但他们更喜欢特定类型的蚂蚁。即划线词“fussy”意为“挑剔”的。A. Picky. 挑剔的；B. Messy.凌乱的；C. Showy.显眼的；D. Heavy.沉重的。故选A。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Though the documentary focuses less on the trafficking of pangolins, and more on the animals in their natural habitat”可知，该纪录片的重点不是穿山甲的贩运，而是更多地关注自然栖息地的穿山甲。因此这部纪录片的主要内容是穿山甲在自然栖息地的生活。故选C。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Pangolins are the most trafficked mammals in the world and are facing extinction. To draw attention to these scaly, anteater-like animals, a new wildlife - 21 -‎ ‎ documentary, Eye of the Pangolin, is attempting a unique way to inspire action and conservation.”可知，穿山甲正面临灭绝。一部新的野生动物纪录片《穿山甲之眼》正在尝试以一种独特的方式来呼吁人们采取行动保护它们。由这个话题内容可知，文章最有可能来自一本动物保护方面的杂志。A. A brochure. 一本小册子；B. A diary. 一本日记；C. A novel. 一本小说；D. A magazine. 一本杂志。故选D。‎ 第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Meditation( 冥想）is widely recommended as a health-boosting practice. Basic mediation involves sitting in a comfortable position and trying to quiet your mind by thinking of nothing. _____16_____ But a good way to begin is to think of yourself as an “observer of your thoughts,” noticing what the narrative voice in your head says but not engaging it. _____17_____‎ Here are some methods to start a basic meditation practice. ‎ Focused Meditation You can concentrate on something visual, like a statue; something auditory, like a recording of ocean waves; something constant, like your own breathing; or a simple concept, like “unconditional compassion.” _____18_____ However, the idea is the same—staying in the present moment, avoiding the constant stream of comments from your conscious mind, and allowing yourself to slip into an altered state of consciousness.‎ Activity-Oriented Meditation Activity-oriented meditation is a form of mindfulness that combines meditation with activities you may already enjoy, or with new activities that help you focus on the present. _____19_____ Activities like gardening, creating artwork, or practicing yoga can all be effective forms of meditation.‎ Mindfulness Meditation Mindfulness can be a form of meditation that, like activity-oriented meditation, doesn’t really look like meditation. This simply involves staying in the present moment rather than thinking about the future or the past. _____20_____ Focusing on emotions and where you feel them in your body—not examining why you feel them, but just experiencing them as sensations—is another.‎ Whichever method you choose, keep in mind that a consistent practice—even just quieting - 21 -‎ ‎ the mind for five minutes a day—is more useful than sessions that are longer but infrequent.‎ A. As thoughts appear in your mind, just let them go.‎ B. It’s not always easy to do if you don’t already practice it.‎ C. Some people find it easier to do this than to focus on nothing.‎ D. Without practice, many find it difficult to turn off the voice inside their head.‎ E. Focusing on sensations you feel in your body is one way to stay “in the now.”‎ F. It involves experiencing each moment, letting it go, and then experiencing the next.‎ G. You join in a repetitive activity or one where you can get “in the zone” and experience “flow.”‎ ‎【答案】16. B 17. A 18. C 19. G 20. E ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。主要讲了什么是冥想，同时给出了几个练习基础冥想的方法。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 根据第一段首句“Meditation( 冥想）is widely recommended as a health-boosting practice. Basic mediation involves sitting in a comfortable position and trying to quiet your mind by thinking of nothing.冥想被广泛推荐为一种促进健康的练习。基本的冥想包括坐在一个舒适的位置，试图通过什么都不想来平静你的心灵。”可知空格前部分主要讲如冥想是什么。选项成接上文，说明如果你没有练习过，这并不总是容易做到的。胡B选项“如果你没有练习过，这并不总是容易做到的”切题。故选B项。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 根据空格前一句“noticing what the narrative voice in your head says but not engaging it.注意你脑海中的叙事声音说了什么，而不是参与其中。”可知此处讲冥想的具体细节，故A选项“当想法出现在你的脑海里，就让它们离开吧。”切题。故选A项。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 根据上文“You can concentrate on something visual, like a statue; something auditory, like a recording of ocean waves; something constant, like your own breathing; or a simple concept, like “unconditional compassion.” 你可以把注意力集中在视觉上，比如雕像，听觉上，比如海浪的记录，比如你自己的呼吸，或者一个简单的概念，比如“无条件的同情” ”可知此处举几个把注意力集中在视觉上的例子，因为这样更容易进行冥想，故C选项“有些人发现这样做比什么都不做容易。”切题。故选C项。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ - 21 -‎ 根据空格前一句“Activity-oriented meditation is a form of mindfulness that combines meditation with activities you may already enjoy, or with new activities that help you focus on the present. 以活动为导向的冥想是一种正念的形式，它将冥想与你可能已经享受的活动结合起来，或者与有助于你专注于当下的新活动结合起来。”可知本段主要讲参加活动进行冥想，故G选项“你参加了一个重复性的活动，或是一个你可以“进入区域”并体验“流动”的活动“”切题。故选G项。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 根据空格下句“Focusing on emotions and where you feel them in your body—not examining why you feel them, but just experiencing them as sensations—is another. 专注于情感以及你在身体的哪个部位感受到它们——不是检查你为什么感受它们，而是仅仅把它们当作感觉来体验——是另一回事。”可知此处主要讲要专注身体感觉，故E选项“专注于你身体的感觉是保持“当下”的一种方式”切题。故选E项。‎ 第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)‎ 第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ The Adams family home has been taken over by origami (折纸)in all sizes and shapes. No one seems to ____21____ though. Those paper creations are ____22____ clean water projects around the world and saving lives. A messy home is a small price to pay ____23____‎ In 2011, Isabelle Adams and her sister Katherine learned that every five seconds a child died from ____24____ of clean water and that girls of their age couldn’t go to school ____25____ they were fetching water all day for their families. They ____26____ to do something.‎ ‎“So we took something that we loved doing - folding origami, with the ____27____ goal to help fund a well in Ethiopia,” explains Katherine. ____28____ , they ended up selling out and raising far more than that to fully ____29____ the cost of the well.‎ Katherine, now 13, adds, “It just snowballed, _____30_____ the founding of the project Paper for Water.” In eight years, this project has _____31_____ more than 2 million for over 200 water projects in 20 different countries.‎ Now, the rest of the Adams family are also _____32_____. But at the heart of it, beneath countless paper decorations sit two bold sisters hoping to _____33_____ other girls and boys. “Kids ‎ - 21 -‎ have an incredible ability to make a real _____34_____ to the world if they’re just given the chance,” Isabelle says, “and if people _____35_____ them in their efforts.”‎ ‎21 A. mind B. notice C. appreciate D. remember ‎22. A. decorating B. rewarding C. attracting D. funding ‎23. A. in exchange B. in turn C. in return D. in response ‎24. A. pollution B. loss C. lack D. waste ‎25. A. although B. because C. unless D. while ‎26. A. hesitated B. decided C. happened D. demanded ‎27. A. lifelong B. individual C. original D. critical ‎28. A. Obviously B. Unexpectedly C. Suddenly D. Gradually ‎29. A. spend B. fill C. offer D. cover ‎30. A. trying out B. depending on C. contributing to D. appealing to ‎31. A. saved B. borrowed C. earned D. collected ‎32. A. involved B. praised C. recognized D. employed ‎33. A. satisfy B. inspire C. inform D. comfort ‎34. A. judgment B. sense C. difference D. connection ‎35. A. support B. persuade C. welcome D. award ‎【答案】21. A 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. B 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. D 32. A 33. B 34. C 35. A ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了Isabelle Adams和她的妹妹Katherine得知世界上每五秒钟就有一名儿童死于缺乏清洁水，同龄的女孩因为整天为家人取水无法上学之后，通过折纸的行为来为挖水井而募集资金。家里的其他成员在他们的带动下也加入了这一行动，妹妹Katherine说只要给予孩子们机会和支持，孩子也可以影响世界。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但似乎没人介意。A. mind介意；B. notice注意到；C. appreciate感激；D. remember记住。结合下文Adams - 21 -‎ 一家为帮助缺水儿童的行为可知她们对于在家折纸这件事并不介意。故选A。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些纸制品正在资助世界各地的清洁水项目，拯救生命。A. decorating装饰；B. rewarding奖励；C. attracting吸引；D. funding资助，出资。结合后文clean water projects around the world and saving lives可知这些纸制品正在资助世界各地的清洁水项目，拯救生命。故选D。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查介词短语辨析。句意：一个凌乱的家是一个小小的交换。A. in exchange作为交换；B. in turn反过来；C. in return作为报答；D. in response作为回答。因为折纸而凌乱的家换来的是这些折纸资助世界各地的清洁水项目，拯救生命。故选A。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：2011年，Isabelle Adams和她的妹妹Katherine得知，每五秒钟就有一名儿童死于缺乏清洁水，同龄的女孩无法上学，因为她们整天为家人取水。A. pollution污染；B. loss损失；C. lack缺少；D. waste浪费。结合后文they were fetching water all day for their families.女孩整天为家人取水，可知是缺乏清洁水。故选C。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查连接词辨析。句意：2011年，Isabelle Adams和她的妹妹Katherine得知，每五秒钟就有一名儿童死于缺乏清洁水，同龄的女孩无法上学，因为她们整天为家人取水。A. although尽管；B. because因为；C. unless除非；D. while当……时候。本句为原因状语从句，表示“因为”。故选B。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她们决定做点什么。A. hesitated犹豫；B. decided决定；C. happened发生；D. demanded要求。结合后文可知她们了解了缺水儿童的情况后，决定用折纸来帮助他们。故选B。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Katherine解释说：“所以我们做了一些我们喜欢做的事情--折纸，最初的目标是帮助资助埃塞俄比亚的一口井。”A. lifelong终身的；B. individual个人的；C. original最初的，原来的；D. critical批评的。根据上文可知姐妹二人了解到缺水儿童的情况后，最初的目标就是为了资助一口水井。故选C。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ - 21 -‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：出乎意料的是，她们最终卖光了折纸，筹集的资金远远超过了这部分，足以完全支付水井的成本。A. Obviously明显地；B. Unexpectedly意外地；C. Suddenly突然；D. Gradually逐渐地。结合后文they ended up selling out and raising far more可知出乎意料的是，她们最终卖光了折纸。故选B。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：出乎意料的是，她们最终卖光了折纸，筹集的资金远远超过了这部分，足以完全涵盖了水井的花费。A. spend花费；B. fill装满；C. offer提供；D. cover涵盖，覆盖。根据上文raising far more than that to fully可知筹集到的资金足以完全涵盖了水井的花费。故选D。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：现年13岁的Katherine补充道:“它就像滚雪球一样越滚越大，为Paper for Water项目的建立做出了贡献。”A. trying out尝试；B. depending on取决于；C. contributing to有助于；D. appealing to吸引。结合后文the founding of the project Paper for Water.可知Katherine和妹妹的行为为Paper for Water项目的建立做出了贡献。故选C。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在8年的时间里，这个项目已经为20个不同国家的200多个水利项目筹集了200多万美元。A. saved拯救；B. borrowed借来；C. earned挣得；D. collected筹集，收集。结合后文more than 2 million for over 200 water projects in 20 different countries可知是指为20个不同国家的200多个水利项目筹集了200多万美元。故选D。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，Adams家族的其他成员也参与其中。A. involved参与，涉及；B. praised称赞；C. recognized辨认；D. employed雇佣。结合上文the rest of the Adams family are also可知Adams家族的其他成员也参与其中。故选A。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但在它的中心，在无数的纸装饰下坐着两个大胆的姐妹，她们希望激励其他女孩和男孩。A. satisfy满足；B. inspire激励，鼓舞；C. inform通知；D. comfort安慰。结合后文Kids have an incredible ability to make a real可知两姐妹希望用自己的行动来激励其他人。故选B。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Isabelle说:‎ - 21 -‎ ‎“孩子们有一种不可思议的能力，只要他们有机会，只要人们支持他们的努力，他们就能真正影响世界。”A. judgment判断；B. sense感觉；C. difference差异；D. connection连接。此处考查短语make a difference“有影响，有关系”故选C。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Isabelle说:“孩子们有一种不可思议的能力，只要他们有机会，只要人们支持他们的努力，他们就能真正影响世界。”A. support支持；B. persuade说服；C. welcome欢迎；D. award奖。结合上文if they're just given the chance可知只要孩子们被给予机会和被人们所支持，他们就能影响世界。故选A。‎ 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当单词的或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Scientists found that air pollution may be responsible ___36___ a big reduction in ___37___ (intelligent). Research showed that air pollution led to big falls in test ___38___ (score) for languages and mathematics. The study called "The influence of air pollution on cognitive (认知的)performance"___39___(conduct) over four years ago. Researchers analyzed speaking and mathematics tests ___40___ (take) by 20,000 people of all ages. They said, "Polluted air may do harm to cognitive ability as people become older. "‎ The study is a warning to the rest of the world ,___41___(particular) those in cities. Over 91 percent of the world population live in areas with polluted air,___42___ is the fourth biggest cause of global deaths. Researchers discovered that the ___43___(long) people were exposed to polluted air, the greater their cognitive ability went down. They said air pollution caused a year' s worth of lost education. For those aged over 60, this could be several years. A researcher warned, "There ___44___be) no shortcut to solve this issue. Governments really need to take effective measures ____45____(reduce) air pollution. "‎ ‎【答案】36. for ‎ ‎37. intelligence ‎ ‎38. scores 39. was conducted ‎ ‎40. taken 41. particularly ‎ ‎42. which 43. longer ‎ ‎44. is 45. to reduce ‎【解析】‎ - 21 -‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。一项研究表明空气污染会导致人的智力降低。文章用研究结果来证明该研究，并呼吁政府采取措施解决这一问题。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 考查介词。此处考查短语be responsible for“对……负责”，故填for。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 考查名词。此处应填intelligent的名词作为in的宾语，故填intelligence。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 考查名词的数。score“分数”是可数名词，结合语境判断此处用复数形式，故填scores。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 考查时态和语态。此处是句子谓语动词，由over four years ago判断为一般过去时，又主语the study和conduct之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，故填was conducted。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处是非谓语动词作后置定语，tests和take之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，故填taken。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 考查副词。结合句意可知，此处意为“尤其”，其表达是particularly，故填particularly。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词polluted air在从句中充当主语，故用关系代词which，故填which。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 考查形容词比较级。此处考查固定句型“the + 比较级， the + 比较级”越……；越……，故填longer。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 考查主谓一致。此处是句子谓语动词，本文讲述一般事实，故用一般现在时，主语shortcut是单数，故填is。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。此处考查短语take measures to do sth.“采取措施做某事”，用不定式作目的状语，故填to reduce。‎ ‎【点睛】第7‎ - 21 -‎ 小题考查定语从句关系词。确定定语从句关系词一般分为三步：找出先行词；分析先行词在从句中充当什么成分；考虑特殊情况。以本题为例：‎ 找出先行词：polluted air 分析先行词在从句中充当什么成分：polluted air在从句is the fourth biggest cause of global deaths.中充当主语，应用关系代词 考虑特殊情况：非限制性定语从句中不用that 故填which 第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)‎ 第一节 (满分15分)‎ ‎46. 假设你是李华，最近跟父母去国外旅行时所居住的旅馆服务不好。请根据以下要点提示给旅馆老板写一封英文投诉信，信中应包括下列内容：‎ ‎1.空调不能正常运行；‎ ‎2.浴室不干净；‎ ‎3.晚上周围噪声很大，且不给更换房间；‎ ‎4.服务员态度随意，漫不经心。‎ ‎【答案】Dear Sir or Madam,‎ I am Li Hua, a customer of your hotel. My parents and I had a terrible stay in Room 512. I am writing to complain about your hotel service.‎ There are the following problems. To begin with，the air conditioner wouldn’t work. When I asked the staff for help, they said OK. But eventually no one came. Besides, much to my dissatisfaction, I found the bathroom rather dirty to bathe in. What annoys me most is that the noise outside at night, which was so loud that we found it hard to fall asleep. I asked to change rooms, but was refused for the reason that the hotel was full. It was surprising that the waiters treated us in a very casual and indifferent manner. There is no doubt that your service needs to be improved.‎ I am really annoyed about it. I hope you can look into the case and take effective measures to prevent such things happening again. I would appreciate it if you could handle the matter at your earliest convenience.‎ Yours faithfully,‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】‎ - 21 -‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇应用文。你最近跟父母去国外旅行时所居住的旅馆服务不好。请就此给旅馆老板写一封英文投诉信。‎ ‎【详解】写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括: 1.空调不能正常运行；2.浴室不干净；3晚上周围噪声很大，且不给更换房间；4.服务员态度随意，漫不经心。提示中内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题対于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的开篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。‎ ‎【点睛】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如: What annoys me most is that the noise outside at night, which was so loud that we found it hard to fall asleep运用了主语从句，表语从句以及非限制定语从句；I asked to change rooms, but was refused for the reason that the hotel was full运用了被动语态；There is no doubt that your service needs to be improved.运用了同位语从句。‎ 第二节 (满分 25分)‎ ‎47. 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。‎ It was 1st January, the first day of the year and a holiday for me. What luck! I decided to withdraw some money from the bank, The bank person, an elderly gentleman with a white beard, replied indifferently as usual to my polite “Happy New Year.” He nodded and I sat in front of him.‎ Minutes passed but he didn’t raise his head.‎ Then very hesitantly I put my form and booklet in front of him. He was busy filling up entries in his register. After a few minutes he took my form and from his cabinet he took out a very thick file, from which he started filling in my details, I sat there wondering why we had computerized banking if we were still filling in forms and register.‎ After waiting for a few more minutes, in which I showed all signs of being impatient, I asked him if my work was done. The moment I said the words, I felt as if a bomb had fallen on him. He shouted, “Nothing is done, it will take time!”‎ Just then I saw his morning cup of tea which had been lying there for the last ten minutes untouched. The tea had tuned almost cold while he was doing his work. Suddenly I felt what this ‎ - 21 -‎ man, who had been working at this counter for the last God-knows-how-many years, must be feeling when customers like me come who are always in a hurry to get their work done. We do not even feel the need to thank them for being there, He must be feeling so anxious that “here comes another person who will push me for doing his work first.”‎ 注意：‎ ‎1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；‎ ‎2. 至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；‎ ‎3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；‎ ‎4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。‎ Paragraph 1:‎ Thinking of this, I told him, “Sir, you please hare your tea, I am not in a hurry.” ‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Paragraph 2:‎ What he said really touched my heart.‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】Thinking of this, I told him, “Sir, you please have your tea, I am not in a hurry.” This gentleman, who had worked in the bank for so many years, suddenly looked up at me and for the first time we had eye contact—he had never made eye contact earlier. I saw a different person there. He gave me a rare smile and said, “It is an everyday affair with me; you are not in a hurry but somebody else will come who will be in a hurry.”‎ - 21 -‎ What he said really touched my heart. I felt that all this time I thought of him as a robot, someone who was there for my convenience, but today I suddenly felt a strange bond with him. I promised to be more friendly with people who help me with my work and be thankful that they are there for me. In our life, we need to put ourselves in other people’s shoes to imagine their thoughts. In this way, we can understand others better.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇读后续写。‎ ‎【详解】通过阅读所给文章可知， 作者在去银行取钱的时候，遇到银行一位上了年纪的白胡子绅士。作者等了几分钟感觉不耐烦，然后看到了他早上喝的那杯茶，已经放了十分钟了，一动也不动。于是换位思考了对方的感受。‎ 续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：想到这里，我对他说:“先生，请您用茶吧，我不赶时间。”。所以后文应该是讲述听到作者的话后，这位在银行工作了这么多年的先生突然抬头看着我，我们第一次有了眼神交流——他之前从未有过这样的交流。第二段开头是：他的话真的触动了我的心。接着应当写作者的感悟，突然感到与他之间有一种奇怪的纽带。我承诺对帮助自己工作的人更加友好，并感谢他们一直支持自己。在我们的生活中，我们需要设身处地为别人着想，想象他们的想法。‎ 续写时要求使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语增加了写作难度，我们要熟悉所给划线词语，恰当的时候加以运用。最后还要注意所续写短文的词数应为150左右；续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。按要求完成写作任务。‎ ‎【点睛】本文描写详略得当，使用了高级词汇和高级句子。如：look up at，eye contact，help with等高级词汇；定语从句This gentleman, who had worked in the bank for so many years, suddenly looked up at me and for the first time we had eye contact—he had never made eye contact earlier.；主语从句What he said really touched my heart.等高级句式。‎ ‎ ‎ - 21 -‎