2020届一轮复习人教版必修2Unit4Wildlifeprotection学案（17页word版）

2020届一轮复习人教版必修2Unit4Wildlifeprotection学案（17页word版）

(一)课前自主学习 Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意 1．wildlife n．　　　　　　　 野生动植物 2．habitat n. 栖息地；(动植物的)自然环境 3．threaten vt.&vi. 恐吓；威胁 4．endanger vt. 危害；使受到危险 5．zone n. 地域；地带；地区 6．species n. 种类；物种 7．rub vt. 擦；摩擦 8．insect n. 昆虫 9．extinction n. 灭绝；消亡 Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形 1．wild adj. 野生的；野的；未开发的；荒凉的 2．decrease vi.& vt. 减少；(使)变小；或变少 3．loss n. 损失；遗失；丧失 4．hunt vt.&vi. 打猎；猎取；搜寻 5．laughter n. 笑；笑声 6．certain adj. 确定的；某一；一定 7．importance n. 重要(性) 8．contain vt. 包含；容纳；容忍 9．powerful adj.[纵联 1] 强大的；有力的 10．affect vt. 影响；感动；侵袭 11．attention n. 注意；关注；注意力 12．income n. 收入 13．inspect vt. 检查；视察 14．incident n．　[纵联 2] 事件；事变 15．disappearance n. 消失 16．fierce adj. 凶猛的；猛烈的 17._ending n．　[纵联 3] 结局；结尾 18．reserve n. 保护区 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变 1．appreciate vt.鉴赏；感激；意识到→appreciation n．感激；感谢 2．secure adj.安全的；可靠的→security n．安全 3．respond vi.回答；响应；做出反应→response n．回答；反应；响应 4．distant adj.远的；远处的；疏远的→distance n．距离；远方；疏远 5．relief n．(痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除；减轻痛苦的事物→relieve vt.使减轻；缓解 6．succeed vi.成功 vt.接替；继任→success n．成功→successful adj.成功的→successfully adv.成功地 7．employ vt.雇用；利用(时间、精力等)→employer n．雇主→employee n．雇员；雇 工→employment n．雇用；就业；职业；工作[纵联 4] 8．harm n．&vt.损害；危害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的 9．protection n．保护→protect vt.保护；防卫 10．mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；怜悯→merciful adj.仁慈的；怜悯的 纵联 1.后缀­ful 家族真强大 ①powerful 强大的；有力的 　 ②harmful 有害的 ③doubtful 怀疑的；疑惑的 ④faithful 守信的 ⑤forgetful 健忘的 ⑥helpful 有帮助的 ⑦hopeful 充满希望的 ⑧skillful 熟练的 ⑨successful 成功的 ⑩wonderful 精彩的 纵联 2.“事事”相连 ①incident n. 事件；事变 the July 7th Incident 七七事变 ②accident n. 事故 traffic accident 交通事故 ③event n. 重大事件；比赛项目 sports event 体育赛事 纵联 3.“派生名词(v.＋­ing)”集锦 ①ending 结局；结尾 ②training 训练；培养 ③feeling 感觉；感情 ④painting 绘画；油画 ⑤meeting 会议 ⑥beginning 开始；开端 纵联 4.“雇用”家族 ①hire v．& n. ②take on ③on hire ④employ v．→employment n. ⑤engage v．→engagement n. 单元话题——动植物保护 子话题 1　植物 ①root n．根；根茎 ②bamboo n．竹子 ③branch n．树枝；分枝 ④bush n．灌木丛 ⑤fibre (美 fiber) n．纤维 ⑥maple n．枫树 ⑦pine n．松树 ⑧botanical adj.植物学的 子话题 2　动物 ①insect n．昆虫 ②beast n．野兽；牲畜 ③butterfly n．蝴蝶 ④tortoise n. 乌龟 ⑤giraffe n．长颈鹿 ⑥goose (复 geese) n．鹅 ⑦kangaroo n．袋鼠 ⑧squirrel n．松鼠 ⑨creature n．生物；动物 ⑩leopard n．豹 子话题 3　生物保护 ①evolution n. 进化；演变 ②ecology n. 生态；生态学 ③primitive adj. 原始的；远古的 ④breakthrough n. 重大进展；突破 ⑤clone n. 克隆(无性繁殖出来的个体) ⑥endangered adj. 濒临灭绝的 ⑦natural reserve 自然保护区 ⑧protect wildlife 保护野生生物 [学考对接·活学活用] 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用 1．(2014·全国卷Ⅱ阅读 A)During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping.He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone.He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important❶ papers, including his passport. He reported the case to the police and then sat there，lost and lonely in a strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organised again from a distant ❷ country while trying to settle down in a new one. ①写出加黑词在本单元中的同根名词：importance_ ②选择 distant 在句中的含义：__B__ A．疏远的　　　B．遥远的　　　C．远亲的 2．(2013·天津高考阅读 B) There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution.This population consists of birds, bats, frogs, snakes, etc.For example, outdoor lighting severely affects ❶ migrating( 迁 徙 的 )birds. According to the International Dark­Sky Association, “100 million birds a year throughout North America die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.” Countless more animal casualties (伤亡) result from the use of artificial lighting.Clearly, people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings, but some scientists think it can be harmful❷ for humans, too.They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase❸ a person’s chances of getting cancer. ①写出加彩词在句中的含义：影响 ②写出 harmful 在本单元中的同根名词：_harm_ ③写出 increase 在本单元中的反义词：_decrease_ 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用 (根据汉语及提示词翻译句子) 1．(2016·天津高考书面表达)我们最为欣赏的是你们有强烈的团队精神，使我们高效地 完成了任务。(appreciate) What_we_appreciated_most_was_that_you_had_a_strong_teamwork_spirit,_which_all owed_us_to_complete_our_tasks_very_efficiently. 2. (2014·福建高考书面表达)只要我们热情地追求我们的梦想，我们最终一定会成功。 (succeed) As_long_as_we_have_the_enthusiasm_to_follow_our_dream,_we_are_sure_to_succeed _eventually. (二)课堂重点释疑 1．contain vt.包含；容纳；容忍；克制(强烈的感情等) [记牢] contain oneself　　　　　　 克制自己；自制 container n. 容器 [练通]　单句语法填空 ①The stadium is large enough to_contain (contain) 100 thousand audience. ②Be especially careful of information contained (contain) in advertisements. ③He was so excited that he could hardly contain himself(he)． [辨清]　 contain, include contain 通常用来指某容器中盛有某物、装有某物；还可指某种物质中含有某种成分或含 有其他物质，指作为组成部分而被包含或容纳在内 include 通 常 表 示 把 某 事 物 作 为 其 中 的 一 部 分 包 含 在 内 ， 在 句 中 常 构 成 分 词 短 语 sth.included 或 including sth. 对比填空(contain/include) ④The container contains many kinds of fruits, including a pineapple/a pineapple included. [写美]　补全句子 ⑤(2017·11 月浙江高考写作)饭后，每个人都会收到一个吉祥饰物和一个装着幸运钱的 红包，并互相说一些幸运的话语。 After the meal, a lucky charm and a red pocket which contains lucky money will be given to everyone and some lucky words are said to each other. 2．affect vt.影响；感动；侵袭 [记牢] (1)be affected by　　 　 　 　 受……的影响；被……感动 be affected with 感染……疾病 (2)effect n. 作用；影响 have an effect/influence on 对……产生影响 [练通]　单句语法填空 ① The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those whose lives were_affected (affect)． ②Affected with a high fever, he continued with his work. ③ Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have an effect on you most deeply. [写美]　补全句子 ④(2015·江苏高考书面表达)交通问题不仅影响着我们的日常生活，而且也可能威胁到 人们的生命。 The_traffic_issue_not_only_affects_our_everyday_life,_but may also threaten people’s lives. 3. appreciate vt.鉴赏；感激；意识到；欣赏；重视 [记牢] (1)appreciate＋n./pron./v.­ing　 重视/感激…… I would appreciate it if ... 假如……我将不胜感激 (2)appreciation n. 欣赏；感激 [练通]　单句语法填空 ①I’d appreciate your writing (write) me back as soon as possible. ② Here I sincerely express my appreciation (appreciate) for helping me find the lost suitcase. [用准]　appreciate 后不能用不定式，而要用动名词作宾语。当 appreciate, hate, dislike, love, like, depend/rely on 等词后接宾语从句时，一般先加 it，再接宾语从句。 [写美]　补全句子 ③(2015·陕西高考书面表达) 我曾帮助她成功地举办了几次班级英语活动，这得到了老 师和同学们的赞赏。 Successfully, I have lent a helping hand to her in several English activities of my class, which_has_been_appreciated_by_both_teachers_and_my_classmates. 4．succeed vi.成功 vt.接替；继任 [记牢] (1)succeed in doing sth.　　　　 成功地做某事 succeed sb. as 接替某人成为…… (2)successful adj. 成功的 be successful in doing sth. 成功地做某事 (3)success n． [U]成功；成就[C]成功的人或事 [练通] 单句语法填空 ①John succeeded Tom as chairman of the Students’ Union. ② It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading (persuade) him to change his mind. ③Success (succeed) consists in the ability to continue efforts through failures. 单句改错 ④Finally, I wish this year’s English speech competition great success. competition 后加 a [写美]　补全句子 ⑤(2016·6 月浙江高考书面表达)这句名言告诉我们，如果我们想取得成功，不仅要周密 计划，还要彻底实施。 The_saying_tells_us_that_if_we_want_to_succeed,_we should not only plan carefully but also act it out thoroughly. 5．employ vt.雇用；利用(时间、精力等) [记牢] (1)employ sb. as ...　　　 　　 雇用某人任……(职位) employ sb. to do sth. 雇用某人做某事 Error! 忙于(做)某事； 从事于某事 (2)employer n. 雇主 employee n. 雇员；雇工；受雇者 employment n. 雇用；使用；工作；职业 [练通] 单句语法填空 ①It is against the law to employ children under sixteen_to_work (work) for any firm or factory. ②For the past three years he has been employed as a firefighter. ③Chinese law prohibits the employment (employ) of children under 14. 一句多译 她忙着给花浇水，因此没有注意到发生的一切。 ④ She was_employed/employed_herself_in_watering_the_flowers,_so she did not notice what was happening. ⑤Employed_in_watering_the_flowers,_she did not notice what was happening.(过去 分词短语作状语) ⑥ Employing_herself_in_watering_the_flowers,_she did not notice what was happening.(现在分词短语作状语) [写美]　升级加彩词汇 ⑦(2017·天津高考书面表达)I am busy with my lessons now, for the College Entrance Examination, which is very important to me, is near.am_employed_in [词汇过关综合训练]　 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．The boss in that company is unwilling to employ (雇用) female workers. 2．Due to the strict traffic regulations on drunk driving, the number of accidents from it has greatly decreased (减少)． 3．(2018·天津高考)From the experience I learned a lot about how the attitude of the leader can affect (影响) the members of a team. 4．This incident (事件) really let me know that I have a long way to go. 5．When he opened the schoolbag, he found that it contained (包含) two books, a pen and an eraser. 6．The building is regularly inspected (检查) by the fire­safety officer. 7．Success (成功) comes to those who never give up. 8．The document is very important and it should be kept in a secure (安全的) place. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．When I heard the sound of the motorboat fade away in the distance (distant), I felt heartbroken. 2．We must let everyone know the importance (important) of wildlife protection. 3．Yesterday I was caught in a storm. At first, I could feel my heart beating fiercely (fierce). But after a while, I calmed down. 4．He appreciated being_given (give) a chance to make a presentation in the annual seminar on Comparative Literature. 5．Mr. Lee decided to fight for the protection (protect) of the environment. 6．To our relief (relieve), the missing boy returned, safe and sound. 7．It is a rule that our luggage should_be_inspected (inspect) by customs officers. 8. Judging by the response of the audience, the performance was quite a success. Ⅲ.单句改错 1．She is a kind­hearted woman and often has a mercy on people who are in trouble.去 掉 mercy 前的 a 2．I suggested he work out a new plan but he didn’t respond it.respond 后加 to 3．It was great relief for him to find nothing had been stolen. great 前加 a 4．She was employed by making a list of all the jobs to be done.by→in 5．After the meal, she placed a little box contained an old pen in my hand. contained→containing 6．After graduation from college, he began to wander from city to city, hunted for a suitable job.hunted→hunting Ⅳ.一句多译 1．听众被深深地打动了，掌声经久不息。(affect) ①The audience was_deeply_affected,_and they warmly applauded for a long time. ②Deeply_affected,_the audience warmly applauded for a long time.(分词作状语) ③The audience, who_was_deeply_affected,_warmly applauded for a long time.(定语从 句) 2．众所周知，观看暴力电视节目真的对孩子有害。 ①As we know, watching violence on TV really_harms_children. (harm vt.) ②As we know, watching violence on TV really does_harm_to_children/does_children_harm. (harm n．) ③As we know, watching violence on TV is_really_harmful_to_children. (harmful) (一)课前自主学习 1._die_out [串记 1]　　　　　　 灭亡；逐渐消失 2．in_peace 和平地；和睦地；安详地 3．in_danger_(of) 在危险中；垂危 4．in_relief 如释重负；松了口气 5．burst_into_laughter 突然笑起来；大声笑了出来 6．protect_..._from 保护……不受……(危害) 7．pay_attention_to [串记 2] 注意 8．come_into_being [串记 3] 形成；产生 9．according_to 按照；根据……所说 10．so_that 以至于；结果；为了 11．without_mercy 毫不怜悯地 12．do_harm_to 对……有害 [同根短语串记] 串记 1.时“隐”时“现” ①die out 灭亡；逐渐消失 ②disappear vi.消失；失踪 ③appear vi.出现 ④show up 出现 ⑤turn up 出现；发生 串记 2.pay 短语串联 ①pay attention to 注意 ②pay back 偿还；报复 ③pay a visit to 参观；访问 ④pay for 支付 ⑤pay off 还清(债务等)；付清 串记 3.“come into＋n.”短语一览 ①come into being 形成；产生 ②come into effect/force 开始生效；开始实行 ③come into existence 形成；产生；开始存在 ④come into power 开始执政 ⑤come into use 开始使用 1．long to do sth. 渴望做某事 2．turn around 转身；环顾；翻身 3．a certain number of 一定(数)量的 4．almost at once 几乎一转眼 5．an unexpected_incident 一次意外事故 6．for sure 无疑地；确定地 7._in such a short time 在这么短的时间里 8．in the last 500 years 在过去的 500 年里 9．an endangered species 濒临灭绝的物种 1 ． It shows the importance of wildlife protection, but I’d like to help as_the_WWF_suggests. 这体现了野生动植物保护的重要性，不过，我还是想按照世界野生生物基金会的建议 来帮助你们。 2．After a while she saw some zebra with_black_and_white_lines_going beneath their stomachs. 过了一会儿她看到了一些斑马，它们身上有从上一直延伸到腹部的黑白相间的条纹。 3．They learned this from the_way the bones were joined together. 他们是根据(恐龙)骨骼的连接方式了解到这一点的。 4．This is the only home of the red Colobus monkey but there_are_very_few_left. 这里是红髯猴唯一的家园，但是现在所剩无几了。 [学考对接·活学活用] 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的短语(补全句子) 1．(2015·四川高考阅读 D)Their cheery song brightens many a winter’s day. But robins are in_danger_of (在……危险中) wearing themselves out by singing too much. 2．(2014·广东高考完形填空)According_to (根据) a recent research, the most common argument between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks. 高考采撷(二)　写作中的短语和句式(补全句子) 1．(2015·四川高考书面表达)至于说普通话，最好多注意发音。 As for speaking Mandarin, it’s better to_pay_much_attention_to_pronunciation. 2．(2014·湖南高考写作)众所周知，鞋子在生活中发挥着重要作用，因为它能保护我们 的脚不受伤害。(protect ...from) As is known to us all, shoes play an important role in our life, for it can_protect_our_feet_from_being_hurt. 3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)如果你按照我告诉你的去做，我相信你会玩得很愉快。(as) If_you_do_as_I_tell_you,_I am sure you will have a great time. 4．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我们学校的报纸上有一个栏目叫“外国文化”。(there be ...) In the newspaper of our school there_is_a_column_called “Foreign Cultures”. (二)课堂重点释疑 [短语集释] 1．protect ... from 保护……不受……(危害) [记牢] (1)protect ... against　　　　　保护……以免…… (2)Error! 阻止……做…… [练通] 单句语法填空 ①Troops have been sent to protect aid workers against attack. ②We should devote ourselves to protecting these animals from being_killed (kill)． 一句多译 必须采取有效措施保护环境免受污染。 ③Effective measures must be taken to protect the environment from/against pollution.(protect) ④Effective measures must be taken to prevent/keep/stop the environment from being polluted.(prevent/keep/stop) [用准]　以上短语在被动语态中 from 均不可省去，而在主动语态中，与 stop/prevent 搭 配的 from 可以省略。 [写美]　补全句子 ⑤为了保护中国长江江豚(the finless porpoise)免于灭绝，我们真诚希望你们能采取一些 措施。 In_order_to_protect_the_finless_porpoises_from_extinction,_we sincerely hope you can help take some measures. 2．pay attention to 注意；留意 [记牢] draw/attract/catch one’s attention　 引起某人的注意 turn one’s attention to ... 把注意力转移到…… fix/focus/concentrate one’s attention on ... 把注意力集中在…… [练通]　 单句语法填空 ①In order to protect the balance of nature, the professor suggested that we (should) pay attention to improving (improve) people’s environmental awareness. ②He stood there, his attention fixed (fix) on the notice on the wall. [写美]　补全句子 ③我们要积极参加各种体育运动并注重心理健康，它与身体健康同等重要。 We_need_to_be_active_in_all_kinds_of_sports_and_pay_attention_to_mental_health,_ which is equal to physical health. [句式集释] 主句＋the way＋定语从句 [教材原句]　They learned this from the_way the bones were joined together. [悟拓展例句] (1)I think you hurt his pride by laughing at the_way_(that/in_which) he speaks English. 我觉得你嘲笑他说英语的方式伤害了他的自尊心。 (2)The_way_that/which came up at the meeting was unpractical.在会议上提出的方法不 切实际。 (3)Is this the way you can imagine to_reduce/of_reducing_air_pollution? 这是你能想到的减少空气污染的方法吗？ [析用法规则] (1)way 表示“方式；方法”时，其后常接 in which 或 that 引导的定语从句，也可以将 关系词 in which 或 that 省略掉，此时关系词在从句中作状语。 (2)way 后接定语从句时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语则用关系代词 that/which， 作宾语时还可以省略，作主语时不可省略。 (3)way 表示“方式；方法”时，其后还可接不定式或 of doing sth.形式。 [背写作佳句] (1)Yet in modern society somebody has to do ordinary jobs such as cleaning streets because this is the way society is organized.(要点句) (2)School activities are usually considered a good way to make new friends and develop new interests.(要点句) [词块、句式过关综合训练]　 Ⅰ.选词填空 die out， in danger of， come into being， in peace， according to， protect ...from， burst into laughter， pay attention to 1．She was badly wounded and in_danger_of_losing her life at any time. 2．More and more animals have been hunted, some of which are dying_out. 3．I’m curious to know when the dance club first came_into_being. 4._According_to what he said, he didn’t get what he had wanted. 5．People of different religions have lived together_in_peace for centuries in this country.　　 6．He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight. 7．We should pay_attention_to the pronunciation of the words when learning English. 8．The whole class_burst_into_laughter when they heard the joke. Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子 1．诚实地说，我们钦佩他解决那个问题的方法。(the way) To be honest, we admired the_way_(in_which/that)_he_solved_the_problem. 2．许多运动员参加奥运会为的就是能为祖国赢得荣誉。(so that) Many athletes take part in the Olympic Games so that they can win glory for their homeland. 3．我们最好不要动这些东西，直到警察到来。(as) We’d better leave_things_as_they_are until the police arrive. 4．快点，我们赶上最后一班车的时间不多了。(there be ... left ...) Hurry up, there_is_little_time_left_for_us to catch up with the last bus. Ⅲ.分步写作 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友 Leslie 打算到中国成都大熊猫繁育研究基地(Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding) 参观，请你写封邮件，给他一些建议。内容包括： 1．出行方式； 2．出游季节； 3．其他注意事项。 注意：1.词数 100 左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点 1．审题：①文体：建议信　②人称：主要是第二人称 ③时态：主要是一般现在时 2．拟点：通过审题，由题目和写作要求可以从以下三个方面来写作。 ①开头：陈述得知消息后的个人心情。 ②主体：提出建议，出行方式(乘飞机和高铁)；出游季节(在秋天参观)；其他注意事项(记 住穿步行鞋)。 ③结尾：表达希望。 要点 1：我很高兴得知你打算到中国成都大熊猫繁育研究基地参观。(more than) I’m_more_than_glad_to_know_you_will_pay_a_visit_to_Chengdu_Research_Base_of_ Giant_Panda_Breeding_in_China. 要点 2－①：对你来说乘飞机和高铁都很方便。 It_is_convenient_for_you_to_travel_both_by_airplane_and_by_high­speed_train. 要点 2－②：在秋天参观也是一个好主意。 It_is_also_a_good_idea_that_you_take_a_tour_in_autumn. 要点 2－③：一定要记住穿步行鞋。 Do_remember_to_wear_walking_shoes. 要点 3：希望你在中国玩得愉快。 Hope_you_will_have_a_good_time_in_China. 第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼 为使内容更充实，我们可以通过添加定语或状语对要点进行适度拓展。例如： 1．要点 2－①可以添加 because 引导的原因状语从句说明乘飞机和高铁都很方便的原 因； 2．要点 2－②可以添加 when 引导的定语从句来说明这时候参观的好处； 3．要点 2－③可以添加 because 引导的状语从句介绍这个地方很大。 拓展要点 2－①：对你来说乘飞机和高铁都很方便，因为从附近的飞机场和车站到达基 地都很容易。(because 引导原因状语从句) It_is_convenient_for_you_to_travel_both_by_airplane_and_by_high­speed_train_beca use_it_is_very_easy_to_get_to_the_base_from_the_nearby_airport_and_station. 拓展要点 2－②：在秋天参观也是一个好主意，这个时候你或许有机会看到新生的熊猫 宝宝。(when 引导定语从句) It_is_also_a_good_idea_that_you_take_a_tour_in_autumn,_when_you_may_have_a_ch ance_to_watch_newly­born_baby_pandas. 拓展要点 2－③：一定要记住穿步行鞋，因为基地的庞大超出了你的预料。(because 引 导原因状语从句) Do_remember_to_wear_walking_shoes_because_the_base_is_large_beyond_your_expe ctation. 第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡 本写作可采用三段式作文，第一段可用 The following are my suggestions.作为过渡句承 接上文，引出下段；第二段可增加 first， second， at last 衔接词，作好衔接过渡；第三段 可用表达希望作为结尾。 Dear_Leslie， I’m_more_than_glad_to_know_you_will_pay_a_visit_to_Chengdu_Research_Base_of_ Giant_Panda_Breeding_in_China.The_following_are_my_suggestions. First,_it_is_convenient_for_you_to_travel_both_by_airplane_and_by_high­speed_train _because_it_is_very_easy_to_get_to_the_base_from_the_nearby_airport_and_station.Secon d,_it_is_also_a_good_idea_that_you_take_a_tour_in_autumn,_when_you_may_have_a_cha nce_to_watch_newly­born_baby_pandas.At_last,_do_remember_to_wear_walking_shoes_b ecause_the_base_is_large_beyond_your_expectation. Hope_you_will_have_a_good_time_in_China. Yours_sincerely， Li_Hua 理清文体结构之(九)　记叙文之说理——“起伏跌宕”话真理 记叙文中的说理是指文章在叙述描写的基础上，辅以恰当的议论，以表明作者的态度、 观点、思想和目的。在结构上，可采用“以叙为主，兼顾议论”，“先叙后议”或“夹叙夹 议”的写作模式。阅读此类记叙文时应关注文中“起伏跌宕”的故事情节，这是文中说理 的依据和来源。 　　[高考典例]　2017·天津卷·B 篇 [在“起伏跌宕”中悟真理] 　　[1]Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy. After climbing up a hill for a panoramic (全景的) view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama. [2]Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view. Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view. [3]Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one picture of the landscape? Sure, I could have asked her, but something prevented me from doing so. She seemed so content in her observation. I didn’t want to mess with that. [4]Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. The woman was still there. I decided to take the photo anyway. And now 1.起(第 1 段) 抓拍美景 2.伏(第 2 段) 美女挡道(可解 41 题) 3.跌(第 3 段) 沮丧→犹豫→再等待(可解 42 题) 4.宕(第 4～5 段) 厌烦→灵感→天人合一的照 片(可解 43 题) 5.说理(6～7 段) ①appreciate — share (可解 44 题) ②reminder (可解 45 题) when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it. [5]This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured ( 捕 捉 ) and frozen on some stranger’s bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I don’t even know has been immortalized ( 使…… 永存). In some ways, she lives in my house. [6]Perhaps we all live in each others’ spaces. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us. [7]That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated only by a thin square of glass. [定区间·细比对] 41. when the author was about to ？ A．Her camera stopped working. B．A woman blocked her view. C．Someone asked her to leave. D．A friend approached from behind. 42．According to the author, the was ________. A．enjoying herself　　　　 　B．losing her patience C．waiting for the sunset D．thinking about her past 43．In the author’s opinion, what makes the photo so ？ A．The rich color of the landscape. B．The perfect positioning of the camera. C．The woman’s existence in the photo. D．The soft sunlight that summer day. 44．The photo on the bedroom wall enables the author to better ________. A．the need to be close to nature B．the importance of private space C．the joy of the vacation in Italy D．the shared passion for beauty 45．The passage can be seen as the author’s upon ________. A．a particular life experience B．the pleasure of traveling C．the art of photography D．a lost friendship [答案]　41.B　42.A　43.C　44.D　45.A 41．由“拍照时发生了什么”定位到第 2 段，这是本文中的“伏”，由此得出答案。 42．由关键词定位到本文中的第 3 段，根据“跌”(即作者的情感变化)并结合“seemed so content in her observation”得出答案。 43 ． 由 关 键 词 “alive” 定 位 到 本 文 中 的 “ 宕 ”( 拍 出 天 人 合 一 的 照 片 ) ， 结 合 “her presence ...interesting”得出答案。 44 和 45 题均是从“说理”的角度设题，根据 6、7 段中的关键词得出答案。