云南临沧市2018高考英语语法填空类阅读练习及答案：侧重名词

云南临沧市2018高考英语语法填空类阅读练习及答案：侧重名词

云南临沧市2018高考英语语法填空类阅读练习及答案：侧重名词 语法填空一：侧重名词 一、 考点、热点回顾 一. 题目要求 ‎ 1.用给出的词的适当形式填空 ‎ 2.自己填写单词 二. 填写规则 要用适当形式填空，所给出单词必须有形式变化，因此一定是实词类。‎ 要自己填写，就要保证答案的唯一性，因此一定是虚词类。‎ 三. 具体方法与考点 1. 名词 （1） 名词的分类以及可数名词与不可数名词的区别 A. 名词的分类 专有名词：独一无二，如：China，the Great Wall 个体名词：无法分割，如：desk，student 集体名词：个体组成，如：family，government 物质名词：无固定的形状、大小、颜色，如：water，air 抽象名词：存在但看不见，摸不着，如：love，experience B. 可数名词与不可数名词的区别 1） 注意与汉语的区别，高考改错题常考点 如：knowledge，housework等 1） 单复数形式意义不同的名词 experience经验　　　　experiences经历 manner方式 manners礼貌 custom风俗 customs海关 work工作 works著作，工厂 wood木材 woods树林 sand沙子 sands沙滩 paper纸张 papers报纸，论文，试卷 glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜 （1） 名词的单复数 A. 单数变复数的规则 构成方法 ‎ 例词 ‎ 一般情况在词尾加－s ‎ cat—cats　　girl—girls page—pages ‎ 以s, x, sh, ch结尾的词在词尾加－es ‎ bus—buses　box—boxes watch—watches brush—brushes 但有例外：stomach—stomachs ‎ 以y结尾的专有名词或“元音字母＋y”结尾的名词变复数时，直接在词尾加－s ‎ two Marys three Henrys monkey—monkeys ‎ holiday—holidays boy—boys ‎ 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，把y变成i加－es ‎ baby—babies city—cities factory—factories story—stories ‎ 以O结尾有生命的词，在词尾加－es ‎ tomato—tomatoes hero—heroes potato—potatoes 但有例外：photo—photos ‎ piano—pianos ‎ 以o结尾无生命的词在词尾加－s ‎ radio—radios zoo—zoos ‎ 以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f或fe为v加－es ‎ knife—knives　　wife—wives half—halves　　leaf—leaves但仍有例外：belief—beliefs　roof—roofs ‎ 1） 注意以O和f/fe结尾的词变化 2） 注意不规则变化 有些名词的复数属于不规则变化，需要考生在平时的学习中逐一记忆：child—children, foot—feet, tooth—teeth, phenomenon—phenomena, ox—oxen, mouse—mice, man—men, woman—women等。‎ A. 总是表示复数意义的名词 ‎1).集体名词people, police, cattle总是表示复数意义，不能说a people, a police, a cattle，但可以说a person, a policeman, a head of cattle。‎ The police are searching for the stolen boy.‎ The cattle are feeding on the grassland. ‎ ‎2).有些名词只用复数形式：trousers, congratulations, thanks, goods, clothes, socks, shoes, belongings, savings。‎ B. 单复数同形的名词 有些名词的复数形式同原形。这些名词有：deer, sheep, fish, Chinese, Japanese, Swiss, li(里), jin(斤), yuan(元), mu(亩), means(方式，方法)等。‎ All possible means have been tried.‎ Every possible means has been tried.‎ 对于单复数同形的名词，一定要从题中找出关键信息(如谓语动词的单复数形式)，来确定其到底是表示单数意义还是复数意义。‎ C. 合成名词的复数 ‎1）把主体名词变成复数，如：lookers－on, editors－in－chief(总编辑), fathers－in－law(岳父)。‎ ‎2）没有主体名词时，在词尾加－s，如：grown－ups(成年人), go－betweens(中间人)。‎ E.改错中注意修饰名词的代词，如：‎ Many，much，few，little等 （1） 名词的所有格 A. 所有格的构成 ‎1．‘s所有格的构成 ‎(1)通常在单数名词和不以－s结尾的复数名词的词尾加‘s，如：Jack’s books, Children’s Day, the boy’s bag, men’s room, Tom’s dog, Jones’s father, my brother’s books, sheep’s skin。‎ ‎(2)以－s结尾的复数名词，在词尾加‘，如：the students’ books。‎ ‎(3)作为一个整体的词组，一般在最后一个词的词尾加‘s，如：an hour and a half’s walk(步行一个半小时的路程)；a month or two’s absence(一两个月的缺席)。‎ ‎(4)以and连接的两个名词，表示共同所有时，在最后一个词的词尾加‘s，如：Kate and Mary’s father (Kate和Mary是姐妹俩)；表示分别所有时，在每个名词后分别加’s，如：Kate’s father and Mary’s father (Kate和Mary不是姐妹俩)。‎ ‎【特别提醒】‎ 不定代词后接else时，其所有格放在else之后。如：somebody else's bag, somebody else's books。‎ ‎2. Of所有格的构成 the＋所有物＋of＋(this, that，. the, my/their...)＋无生命之物。‎ B. 所有格的用法 ‎1.'s所有格的用法 ‎1)常表示有生命的东西。如：Tom's birthday, the dog's owner。‎ ‎(2)用于表示时间、距离、天体、度量衡与货币价值、国家、城市等。如：‎ ‎①时间：a day's work(一天的工作)，today's newspaper；‎ ‎②距离：twenty minutes’ ride, five minutes’ walk, a mile’s distance；‎ ‎③天体：the sun’s heat, the moon’s surface；‎ ‎④度量衡与货币价值：ten dollars’ worth, twenty pounds’ weight；‎ ‎⑤国家、城市等：China’s industry, the city’s development, the government’s plan, China’s development。‎ ‎(3)表示某人的家或店铺。如：at the doctor's在诊所，the tailor’s裁缝铺，the barber’s理发店，at my uncle’s在我叔叔家。‎ ‎2.of所有格主要用于无生命的事物，也可以用于有生命的事物。如：the window of the house; a map of Japan; the name of the girl standing at the gate。‎ Does anyone know the title of the novel?‎ They have the support of people of the developing countries.‎ A. 注意一组词的区别 Five minutes’ walk Five-minute’s walk （1） 名词词性变化 A. 其他词变名词的常见后缀 ment/ion/ing/er/or/ist/ness/ce等 B. 什么情况变名词 冠词+名词 物主代词+名词 数量词+名词 形容词+名词 （2） 名词的辨析 语法填空泛练 语法填空。 (2017·石家庄质检一)‎ Whenever Prince George steps out for an engagement,like on the royal tour of Canada,or poses for 1.　　　　　　(office) photographs,he only ever wears shorts,2.　　　　　 has long confused royal watchers. ‎ According to William Hanson,3.　　　　　 expert in ceremony,there’s a very good reason for this—and it has nothing to do 4.　　　　　 fashion,but rather a royal tradition that 5.　　　　　(date) back to the sixteenth century.A new born baby would 6.　　　　　　　　　　　　(dress) in a gown for his first year or two.Then he was “breeched(穿裤礼)” and wore articles of clothing like shorts.The usual custom is that a boy graduates to trousers around eight years old. ‎ With time 7.　　　　　　　(change),middle class boys began to wear trousers but they are considered suburban(土气的) by the upper.Hanson explains,“8.　　　　　 is a very English thing to dress a young boy in shorts.” The British upper are always keen to hold on to tradition,and this also 9.(silent) marks them out from “the rest”.However,as for William and Kate,the 10.(decide) to dress George in shorts is more likely down to tradition than a class issue. ‎ ‎【解题导语】本文为一篇说明文。每当乔治王子出去参加一个订婚仪式或为官方照片摆姿势时,他只穿短裤,这一直困扰着王室的观察家们。经礼仪专家研究发现,这种穿着打扮与时尚无关,而是一种可以追溯到16世纪的皇家传统。‎ ‎1.official　考查形容词。应用形容词official修饰名词photographs。‎ ‎2.which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,本处应为非限制性定语从句,空处指代前面的“he only ever wears shorts”这句话,应用关系代词which。‎ ‎3.an　考查冠词。expert在文中第一次提到,应用不定冠词,且expert的读音以元音音素开头,‎ 故用an。‎ ‎4.with　考查介词。此处为固定短语have nothing to do with sth.,意为“与……无关”,故用介词with。‎ ‎5.dates　考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,此处为that引导的定语从句,先行词是a royal tradition,是单数形式,故从句的谓语动词应用单数形式。‎ ‎6.be dressed　考查动词的语态。A new born baby和谓语dress之间构成动宾关系,故应用被动语态形式。‎ ‎7.changing　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处考查with的复合结构,因time与change之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系,故此处应用change的现在分词形式changing。‎ ‎8.It　考查代词。分析该句结构可知,动词不定式短语to dress a young boy in shorts做真正的主语,it做形式主语。‎ ‎9.silently　考查副词。此处用副词silently修饰动词marks。‎ ‎10.decision　考查名词。由空前的the可知,此处应用decide的名词形式decision。‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。 ‎ ‎【2016高考训练】‎ ‎ ‎ One girl named Becky rode a big brown horse in the race events. She always won the blue ribbons. Needless to say, she didn’t feel threatened when I competed against her at the next show. She didn’t need to. I came in next to last.‎ The stinging memory of Becky’s smirks made me determined to beat her. For the whole next month I woke up early every day and rode Cowboy five miles to the arena (赛马场). We practiced running and jumping for hours in the hot sun and then I would walk Cowboy home totally exhausted. All of our hard work didn’t make me feel confident by the time the show came. I sat at the gate and sweated it out while I watched Becky and her horse charge through the course and finish in first place.‎ My turn finally came. I put on my hat, rubbed Cowboy’s neck and entered the arena. At the signal, we dashed toward the first fence, jumped it without trouble and raced on to the next one. Cowboy then flew over the second, third and fourth fences like a bird and I turned him toward the finish line. As we crossed the line the crowd was shocked into silence. Cowboy and I had beaten Becky and her fancy horse by two seconds!‎ I gained much more than a blue ribbon that day. At thirteen, I realized that no matter what the odds, I’d always come out a winner if I wanted something badly enough to work for it.‎ ‎1. The underlined expression "shown the gate" (paragraph 3) most probably means ______.‎ A. told how to enter the arena B. shown how to make the horse beautiful C. removed from the competition early D. told to enter the timed-speed events ‎2. When the final race finished, nobody cheered because .‎ A. the audience didn’t like Cowboy B. people envied the writer C. the win was unexpected D. the writer bad run out of time ‎3. Why was the writer not confident of victory?‎ A. He was an inexperienced rider. B. He had not practiced enough.‎ C. He believed he was unpopular with the crowd.‎ D. He thought his horse wasn’t as good as the others.‎ ‎4. What did the writer learn from his experience?‎ A. Life can sometimes be unfair. B. Anything is possible if one tries hard enough.‎ C. A positive attitude will bring success.‎ D. One should not make judgments based on appearance.‎ 参考答案1—4、CCDB ‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。 ‎ ‎【2016高考训练】‎ Last week, while visiting my dad with my daughter, we went to a restaurant for dinner. When we were seated, my dad asked the waitress if there were any soldiers eating at the restaurant. Then waitress said there was a soldier having dinner with his friend. My dad told the waitress to tell the soldier and his friend that their dinner was paid for! He also said that he did not want to be known as the benefactor(施主).‎ ‎ Then waitress later commented on my dad’s thoughtful behavior saying that she had never seen anything like this before. At a local college, she had studied opera and so she used this to thank my dad by performing a piece from The Pearl Fisherman. Her voice brought me to tears because it sounded perfect!‎ ‎ After a while, the soldier appeared at our table (I don’t know how he knew my dad paid the bill for him.) and said that he would be sent to the front the next morning and that he could not leave this country without saying “thanks” to my dad. My dad replied that it was he who wanted to say “thanks”. They shook hands as the soldier left.‎ ‎ Before we left, the waitress came by again. She did a magic show as another way to show her “thanks” to my dad. Her show was really great. My dad left her a note with email address asking for her next performance time in addition to a $ 50 tip.‎ ‎ Everyone witnessed something exemplary(可作榜样的) in the human spirit that night. I can only hope to see more of this in the future.‎ ‎1. What did the soldier do in response to the author’s father’s kindness?‎ A. He gave something to author’s dad. B. He gave a big tip to the waitress.‎ C. He said thanks to the author’s dad in person. D. He did a magic show for the author and her father.‎ ‎2. The author considered her father’s action to be ____.‎ A. funny B. understandable C. worthless D. honorable ‎3. Their passage mainly tells us that we should ____.‎ A. learn to be grateful to others B. find ways to thank others ‎ C. try to learn from each other D. respect soldiers and waitresses 参考答案1—3、CDA ‎