2018届二轮复习形容词和副词在短文语法填空和短文改错中的考查课件（共24张ppt）

2018届二轮复习形容词和副词在短文语法填空和短文改错中的考查课件（共24张ppt）

2018 届二轮复习 　 形容词和副词在短文语法填空和短文改错中的考查 语法填空题对形容词和副词的考查主要是形容词作定语或表语、形容词和副词的比较级或最高级、形容词和副词的词性转换等。 特别说明： 本考点主要讲解形容词、副词的比较等级，有关形容词和副词的词性转换将在 “ 考点 6 词类转换 ” 中具体讲解，本考点不再赘述。 1 ． (2014 · 新课标卷 Ⅰ ) Finally, the hard work paid off and now the water in the river is ________ (clean) than ever. 解析： 　句意：最后人们的努力得到了回报，现在这条河比以前更干净了。根据空后的 than ，说明设空处应该填提示词的比较级形式。 2 ． (2014 · 辽宁卷 ) The ________ (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit. 解析： 　 此处与下句中的 the ＋比较级构成结构 “ the ＋比较级 ... ， the ＋比较级 ... ” ，意为 “ 越 …… ，越 …… ” 。 3 ． (2014 · 广东卷 ) We had made our reservation six months ________ (early), but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. 解析： 　 句意：我们六个月前预定了，但是前台的人说有个错误。由语境可知此处应填 earlier 。 earlier cleaner harder 括号中所给词是形容词或副词，根据语法结构判断词性不需变化时，考虑填该词的比较级或最高级。 1 ．有提示词 than, much, far, a lot, any, a little 用比较级。 2 ．有提示词 the, the second, by far, of /in/ among 等用最高级。 1 ． (2015 · 陕西卷短文改错 ) My mum makes the better biscuits in the world. 答案与解析： better → best 　表示比较的范围是 in the world ，故改为最高级。 2 ． To make matters bad now I have to share a room with my younger sister, Maggie. 答案与解析： bad → worse 　 to make matters worse “ 更糟糕的是 …… ” 。 3 ． I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive. 答案与解析： little → less 　 and 前后都是比较级，故将 little 改为 less 。 1 ．原级与比较级的错用。若句中有 than 或暗含比较意用比较级，表同等程度用原级。 2 ．比较级与最高级的错用。表两者比较用比较级，表三者或三者以上比较用最高级。 3 ．单音节形容词比较级前用多余的 more 。若形容词或副词后面加了－ er ，前面就不能用 more 。 情况 规则 例词 比较级 最高级 一般的单词 在词尾加 er 在词尾加 est cold → colder → coldest 以不发音的字母 e 结尾的单词 在词尾加 r 在词尾加 st nice → nicer → nicest 以 “ 辅音字母＋ y ” 结尾的单词 在把 y 改为 i 再加 er 把 y 改为 i 再加 est happy → happier → happiest; unlucky → unluckier → unluckiest 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的单词 双写辅音字母，再加 er 双写辅音字母，再加 est big → bigger → biggest ； thin → thinner → thinnest 情况 规则 例词 比较级 最高级 多音节词和部分双音节词 在单词前加 more 在单词前加 most slowly → more slowly → most slowly 少数双音节词以及以 er 或 le 结尾的词 在词尾加 er 或 r ，或在单词前加 more 在词尾加 est 或 st ，或在单词前加 most common → commoner/more common → commonest/most common; simple → simpler/more simple → simplest/most simple 不规则变化 good /well → better → best; little → less → least; many/ much → more → most 1 ．形容词和副词的比较等级的用法： (1) 同级比较： as ＋形容词 / 副词的原级＋ as ；其否定形式是 “ not as/ so ＋形容词 / 副词的原级＋ as ” 。 (2) 比较级结构：形容词 / 副词的比较级＋ than; more/ less ＋多音节或某些双音节的形容词或副词＋ than 。常见的修饰比较级的词有 rather, much, even, far, by far, a lot, a great deal 等。 The task proved to be rather more difficult than I had expected. (3) 最高级结构： the ＋形容词的最高级＋ ( 名词＋ ) 比较范围 (in /of/ among 短语 ) ； one of the ＋形容词的最高级＋名词复数。常用来修饰最高级的词有 by far, almost, nearly 以及序数词等。 It is well known that China has the largest population in the world. 2 ．比较级常见的特殊句型： (1) “ 比较级＋ and ＋比较级 ” 表示 “ 越来越 …… ” 。 The climate in the world is now getting hotter and hotter . (2) “ the ＋比较级． .., the ＋比较级． .. ” 表示 “ 越 …… ，就越 …… ” 。 The more difficult the questions are, the less likely I am able to answer them. (3) “ no ＋比较级＋ than ” 表示两者都否定，意为 “ 两者一样都不 …… ” ；而 “ not ＋比较级＋ than ” 表示前者不如后者。比较： I am afraid that the passage is no easier than that one. 我担心这两篇文章都不容易。 This passage is not easier than that one. 这篇文章不如那篇文章容易。 (4) “ the ＋比较级＋ of the two ＋名词 ” 表示 “ 两者中较 …… 的一个 ” 。 The taller of the two boys is my brother. 3 ．在英语中除了最高级外，还有其他表示最高级含义的常见句型： (1) 比较级＋ than ＋ any other ＋名词单数 比较级＋ than ＋ (all) the other ＋名词复数 The dinosaurs were bigger than any other animals that ever walked on the surface of the earth. 恐龙要比曾在地球上行走的其他的任何动物都要大。 (2) 否定词 (no, not, never, nothing, no one, nobody) ＋比较级＝最高级。 Nothing is more precious than health. (3) 否定词＋ so /as ＋形容词 ( ＋ a/ an ＋单数名词 ) ＋ as ... 。 No experience is so valuable as the experience gained with one's own sweat and blood. 微考场　新演练　 好题巧练　拿高考满分　 1 ． Raymond's parents wanted him to have the ________ (good) possible education. 解析： 句意：雷蒙德的父母想让他接受最好的教育。 the best possible 意为 “ 最好的 ” ，是固定用法。 2 ． It may not be a great suggestion. But before a ________ (good) one is put forward, we'll make do with it. 解析： 句意：这个建议可能不是很好。但是在一个更好的建议被提出来之前，我们会先凑合采用它。本题考查形容词的比较等级。 “ a ＋比较级 ” 表示 “ 一个更 …… 的 ” ，题干中暗含着比较的含义，需使用比较级。 better best 3 ． While finding information is easier than ever, at the same time, researching has become ________________ (complex) ． 解析： 句意：尽管发现信息比以往容易，但与此同时研究变得更复杂化。根据语境可知该处填比较级。 4 ． Andy is content with the toy. It is the ________ (good) he has ever got. 解析： 句意：安迪对这个玩具很满意。这是他所拥有的最好的一个玩具了。由后面的 ever got 可知，此处用 the best 表达最高级含义。 5 ． I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time — there are ____________________ (meaningful) things to do. 解析： 句意：我觉得每天晚上看电视是浪费时间 —— 有更有意义的事可做。根据题干可看出，和看电视相比，有更有意义的事情可做，所以此处应用比较级。 more meaningful 　 more complex best 　 6 ． This is by far the ________________ (inspiring) movie that I have ever seen. 解析： 句意：这显然是我看过的最激励人的电影。形容词的最高级句式： “ This is ＋形容词最高级＋ that I have ever done ” 。 by far “ …… 得多；大大地 ” ，与形容词、副词的比较级或最高级连用。 7 ． It's said that the power plant is now ________ (two) as large as what it was. 解析： 句意：据说现在这个发电厂的大小是过去的两倍。倍数表达法有三种： ① 倍数＋ as ＋形容词 / 副词的原级＋ as ； ② 倍数＋形容词 / 副词的比较级＋ than ； ③ 倍数＋ the ＋名词＋ of 。两倍应用 twice 。 8 ． John is the tallest boy in the class, and is almost ________ (tall) than the teacher. 解析： 　 句中含有 than ，用比较级。 taller most inspiring 　 twice 　 9 ． But when he was 11 years old, he found out he had a sickness which would prevent him from growing much ________ (tall) ． 解析： 设空前有比较级修饰语 much ，故该空填比较级。 10 ． How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a ________ (good) voice. 解析： 　 否定词 never 与比较级连用表最高级意义。 better taller 　 Ⅱ . 单句改错 1 ． The 3D version of Titanic can't be most impressive and has brought us a wonderful experience.___________________ 2 ． This tree is higher than that one._________________ 3 ． His income is more than his wife's.________________ 4 ． There are few boys than girls in our class.______________ 5 ． The sooner you give up smoking, the good it will be._______________ good→better most→more higher→taller more→larger few→fewer Ⅲ . 语法填空 Scientists believe the Sahara Desert is ________ (two) as old as we previously thought. Science books generally say the Sahara is around three million years old. _______________ ， a new study from a center for climate research in Norway says it could be around seven million years old. Researchers _________ (use) computers to calculate when large parts of North Africa became desert. Their tests showed that __________ (globe) warming seven million years ago dried a lot of the land in ________ is today the African nation of Chad. A sea _________ (call) the Tethys Sea started shrinking. This made the African summer monsoons( 季风 ) less frequent, ________ helped form sand dunes( 沙丘 ) in Chad. However twice which used 　 global 　 what 　 called 　 The Sahara is one of the world's best － known and ________ (large) deserts. The sands stretch from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Red Sea in the east. Not everyone agrees that the Sahara is ______ old as the Norway research says it is. Stefan Kropelin, a geologist in Germany, says real geological evidence is needed to be sure. He says the Norway research is based on numbers but not evidence. He adds that our knowledge of the Saharan climate is _______ (little) than we thought. As time goes by, the mystery of the Sahara Desert could be explored. less largest as 解析： 科学家对撒哈拉大沙漠的研究表明，撒哈拉大沙漠的历史远比人们认为的古老。 1 ．考查数词。这里是倍数的表达。 twice as old as we previously thought “ 两倍于我们先前认为的那么古老 ” 。 2 ．考查副词。然而，来自挪威气候研究中心的一项新的研究表明：撒哈拉大沙漠大约有七百万年的历史。故填 However 。 3 ．考查动词时态。根据后面的 “ when large parts of North Africa became desert” 可知，空处应用一般过去时。 4 ．考查形容词。 global warming “ 全球变暖 ” 。 5 ．考查宾语从句。根据空前的 in 可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语，故填 what 。 6 ．考查非谓语动词。这里用过去分词作 sea 的定语。 7 ．考查定语从句。 which 代指前面的一句话。即：这使得非洲夏季季风不太频繁，这样有助于在 Chad 形成沙丘。 8 ．根据空前的 “ one of the world's best － known ” 可知，该空用最高级。 9 ．根据设空后的 as ，可知该处是同级比较。 10 ．设空后是 than ，故该空用比较级。