2018届外研版必修1一轮复习：Module6Theinternetandtelecommunication

2018届外研版必修1一轮复习：Module6Theinternetandtelecommunication

外研版必修1Module6单元学案讲练 一 知识点讲解 重点单词点击 ‎【词条1】contain ‎【课文原句】A CD-ROM is a separate disk that contains lots of information. (Page 51)‎ ‎【点拨】contain在本句中作及物动词，意为“包含，包括；容纳”，注意它不能用于进行时态。这句话的意思是“CD-ROM 是一种含有大量信息的独立磁盘”。再如：‎ I asked the doctor what the medicine contains. ‎ ‎【拓展】辨析contain与include：‎ contain 指作为组成部分而被“包含”或“容纳”在内；而 include 侧重于作为整体的一部分而被包括进去。如：‎ How much does this bottle contain? ‎ Everyone here took part in the fight against the flood, including old people. ‎ ‎【词条2】via ‎ ‎【课文原句】The World Wide Web (the web) is a computer network that allows computer users to access information from millions of websites via the Internet. (Page 52)‎ ‎【点拨】via 在本句中作介词，意思是“通过，凭借”，相当于短语by means of。这句话的意思是“广域网是一个电脑网络，它允许电脑使用者通过因特网来读取众多网站上的信息。”再如：‎ The news programmes came to us via satellites.‎ ‎【拓展】via作介词时还有“经由，经过（某一地方）”的意思，相当于短语by way of。如：‎ I want to travel from Beijing to Shanghai via Tianjin。‎ ‎【词条3】create ‎【课文原句】They created a network of computers called DARPANET. (Page 52)‎ ‎【点拨】create 在句中作及物动词，意为“创造；发明”。这句话的意思是“他们发明了一种被称为DARPANET的计算机网络”。再如：‎ The government tries to create more jobs for young people.‎ ‎【拓展】1. create作动词讲时还含有“造成，引起”的意思。如：‎ We have painted the wall red to create a feeling of warmth.‎ ‎2. 辨析create和invent create指有目的地把原材料制成新产品，也指创造出原来不存在或与众不同的事物；‎ invent指通过想象或研究创造出前所未有的东西, 尤指科技上的发明创造。如：‎ An artist should create beautiful things.‎ Edison invented the electric light.‎ 重点短语透视 ‎【短语1】consist of ‎【课文原句】It consists of millions of pages of data. (Page 52)‎ ‎【点拨】consist of 在本句中意为“由……组成，由……构成”，相当于be made up of。这句话的意思是“它是由几百万页数据资料组成的”。再如：‎ The medical team consists of three doctors and two nurses. ‎ ‎【拓展】与consist相关的搭配还有：consist in “存在于，在于”，相当于lie in; consist with “与……一致，相符”，相当于agree with。如：‎ The beauty of Venice consists in the style of its ancient buildings. ‎ His actions don’t consist with his words. ‎ ‎【短语2】compare … with ‎【课文原句】Two percent of the total population of China have access to the Internet, compared with 45 percent of the USA and 15 percent in Japan. (Page 57) ‎ ‎【点拨】compare… with…在本句中意为“把……与……进行比较”。这句话的意思是“中国人口的百分之二有机会使用因特网，相比而言，美国为百分之四十五，日本为百分之十五”。再如：‎ Compare this one with that one and you’ll see the difference. ‎ ‎【拓展】1. compare还可以和介词to搭配，还有“把……比作……”的意思。如：‎ Shakespeare compared the whole world to a stage. ‎ ‎2. compare with 与compare to通常可以互换，置于句首或句尾皆可。如：‎ Compared to / with many other girls, Mary is indeed very lucky. ‎ ‎【短语3】as well ‎【课文原句】It then became possible for universities to use the system as well. (Page 52)‎ ‎【点拨】as well在句中意为“也”，相当于too，用于肯定句中，一般放在句末。如：‎ He speaks French, and English as well. ‎ ‎【拓展】1. as well, too, also, either都含有“也”的意思，它们之间的区别如下：‎ as well用于肯定句，一般放在句末；too和as well一样，用于肯定句中，一般置于句末，但too可以紧接在主语后面，在简略答语中用于宾格代词之后；also用于肯定句，常放在句中，位于系动词或助动词之后，谓语动词之前；either用于否定句中，一般放在句末。如：‎ He speaks French, and English as well． ‎ I，too，will help you． ‎ ‎－I want to eat an apple． ‎ ‎－Me too． ‎ My brother also likes playing the piano.‎ I don’t like this book, and I don’t like that one, either.‎ ‎2. as well as意为“和；也”，常用于肯定句中，相当于not only… but also。如：‎ He gave me clothes as well as food. （相当于 He gave me not only food but also clothes.）‎ 注意：as well as 重在于强调其前面的人或物，而not only… but also重在于强调but also之后的人或物。如：‎ He gave me not only advice but also some books. ‎ 重点语法聚焦 冠词用法点睛 冠词的最基本用法，我们已经在以前的学习中都接触到了，但是真正能做到运用自如，还需要大量的练习。在此我们想借助高考真题，再来重温一下它们的用法，希望对大家的英语学习有所裨益。‎ ‎1. 如果单数可数名词或它前面的修饰词以元音因素开头，应用an。如：‎ ‎【高考真题】‎ Mrs. Taylor has _____ 8-year-old daughter who has ____ gift for painting — she has won two national prizes. (2005年浙江卷)‎ A. a; a B. an; the C. an; a D. the; a ‎【答案解析】答案是C。eight是一个以元音音素开头的单词，所以要用an；have a gift for为固定搭配。‎ ‎2. 不定冠词表泛指，可指同类中的任何一个或同类中的某一个；定冠词the表特指，既可指上文提到的人或物，也可指双方都明白的人或物，还可指受后置定语或定语从句修饰的人或物；复数名词泛指某类人或物时，前面常用零冠词。如：‎ ‎【高考真题】‎ If you grow up in _____ large family, you are more likely to develop ____ ability to get on well with _____ others. (2005年江西卷)‎ A. /; an; the B. a; the; / C. the; an; the D. a; the; the ‎【答案解析】答案是B。family在此指的是同类中的任何一个，所以用a，表示泛指；ability加了后置定语进行限制，应用the表特指；others泛指其他的人，其前不用任何冠词。‎ ‎3. 某些专有名词前面用定冠词，如the Yellow River, the Red Sea, the United States, the Pacific Ocean等；但有些专有名词前用零冠词，如Mr Smith, Professor Wang等，但是若表示“某一个”，前面就需要加不定冠词。如：‎ ‎【高考真题】‎ According to ________World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent _________ spread of AIDS. (2006年陕西卷)‎ A. the;不填　 B. the; the C. a; a D. 不填; the ‎【答案解析】答案为B。the World Health Organization是专有名词；spread后面加了定语of AIDS，应该用定冠词the。‎ ‎4. 序数词和形容词最高级前通常用定冠词，但序数词表示“另一个，再一次”等意义时，要用不定冠词。如：‎ ‎【高考真题】‎ Of all reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father’s advice was most important one. (2006年辽宁卷)‎ A. the; a B.不填; a C.不填; the D. the; the ‎【答案解析】答案为D。 reasons后面有定语修饰，所以用the；第二个空修饰的是形容词的最高级，应该用the。‎ ‎5. 比较级前加定冠词the，指“两者中较……的一个”，还可以构成句型The more…, the more…“越……，就越……”。但是比较级前加不定冠词时，往往表示一个最高级的概念。如：‎ ‎【高考真题】‎ Your story is perfect; I’ve never heard _______ before. (2006年全国卷三)‎ A. the better one B. the best one C. a better one D. a good one ‎【答案解析】答案是C。该题中用比较级形式表达了最高级的概念，原句可改写为Your story is perfect; this is the best one I’ve heard。‎ ‎6. 在一些固定结构中，有些带不定冠词，如as a result, have/live a … life, in a hurry, in a word, have a good time, take a bus等；有些带定冠词，如at the same time, on the whole, in the end, on the other hand等；有些需用零冠词，如by bus, at home, on foot, heart disease, face to face等。关于这一点，同学们必须分类加强记忆。如：‎ ‎【高考真题】‎ If you go by ______ train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get ______ fast one. ‎ A. the; the B. 不填；a C. the; a D. 不填；不填 ‎【答案解析】答案是B。by train为固定搭配，不加任何冠词；第二个空为泛指，应填a。‎ ‎ ‎ 一 知识点讲解 ‎【词条1】access ‎【点拨】access常作名词,意为"通道；接近",常用于access to sth.。如:‎ We gained access to the house at last.‎ This is the only access to the mountain top.‎ ‎【上层楼】‎ ‎1. access作名词还可意为"机会；权利",常用于have access to。如:‎ The reporter tried every possible means to get access to the president.‎ The public don’t have access to the site.‎ ‎2. access也可作动词,意为"到达；进入；使用"。如:‎ The boy accessed the bird nest by a ladder.‎ ‎【词条2】defence ‎【点拨】defence为名词,意为"防御；保护"。如:‎ We defeated the enemy at the second defence line.‎ I hit him on the shoulder in defence of myself.为了自卫,我袭击了他的肩膀。‎ ‎【上层楼】‎ ‎1. defence 作名词还可意为"(辩护人的)辩护；(被告的)辩白"。如:‎ What else do you what to say in defence of the error?‎ ‎2. defend v."防御,保护",常用于defend ... (from / against)。如:‎ There are soldiers defending the nation from being invaded(侵略).‎ ‎【词条3】concentrate ‎【点拨】concentrate为动词,意为"集中(注意力、精力)"。如:‎ I can’t concentrate with all that noise going on.‎ The population of India is concentrated in large cities.‎ ‎【上层楼】‎ ‎1. concentrate常用于concentrate (sth.) (on sth. / doing sth.)中,意为"全神贯注,专心致志(于某事物)"。如:‎ I can’t concentrate on my studies. Can you turn down the TV a bit?‎ It is of most importance that we concentrate our efforts on education. ‎ ‎2. concentrated adj."决心要做的；全力以赴的；浓缩的"；concentration n."专心,专注"。如:‎ If you have decided to do it, you should do it with concentrated effort.‎ This story needs great concentration, or you will find it hard to understand.          ‎ 经典短语透视 ‎【短语1】come up with ‎【点拨】come up with意为"想出(计划、方案、答案等)；提出……"。如:‎ He couldn’t come up with the answer to the question. ‎ She came up with a new plan for increasing sales. ‎ ‎【上层楼】‎ ‎1. 类似的短语还有:‎ ‎①catch up with"赶上,追上"。如:‎ In order to catch up with her classmates, the girl studied late every night.‎ ‎②end up with "以……结束"。如:‎ The concert ended up with a famous song by Li Yuchun.‎ ‎③put up with"忍受,容忍"。如:‎ I really can’t put up with the smell in the house.‎ ‎2. 请在下列各句中体会come up的各种意思:‎ ‎①I saw the man’s face when he came up to me to ask for a light.(走近)‎ ‎②I’ll call you if something interesting comes up. (出现,发生)‎ ‎③The flowers have just come up. (长出地面,破土而出)‎ ‎【短语2】consist of ‎【点拨】consist of意为"由……组成,由……构成",多用于主动语态。其主语是整体,宾语是部分。如:‎ Water consists of hydrogen(氢)and oxygen. ‎ Their job consists of teaching children and taking care of them. ‎ ‎【上层楼】consist还可用于consist in,意为"在于,存在于"。如:‎ Success consists in hard work.‎ One’s beauty does not necessarily consist only in the appearance.‎ 一个人的美并不一定只由外貌决定。‎ ‎【短语3】compared with ‎【点拨】compared with意为"和……相比",在句中多作状语,相当于compared to。如:‎ Compared with many people, she was really fortunate. ‎ I did too little, compared with what you did.‎ Compared to Beijing, Jinan is not so crowded.‎ ‎【上层楼】compare常用于下列结构中:‎ ‎1. compare ... with ... 意为"把……和……相比"。如:‎ Compare this car with that one, and you will find the differences between them. ‎ ‎2. compare ... to ... 意为"把……比作……"。如:‎ We often compare children to flowers of our country.          ‎ 热点语法聚焦 冠词的用法     冠词分为不定冠词a / an和定冠词the。下面主要讲解它们的典型用法及零冠词的使用情况。‎ ‎1. 不定冠词的用法 ‎①不定冠词表示类别,泛指某一类人或物,相当于any；也可泛指某人或某物,表示不确定的概念, 相当于some 或a certain。如:‎ It’s almost impossible to find a horse running on the city road now. A Smith has just called you. ‎ ‎②不定冠词表示数量"一"的概念,但其数的概念不如one强烈。如:‎ I want to buy a pair of shoes.‎ ‎③不定冠词表示"每一",相当于every或per。如:‎ She goes to see her parents twice a month. ‎ ‎④不定冠词用在序数词前,表示"又一,再一"。如:‎ He decided to try a seventh time.‎ ‎⑤不定冠词用在of 结构中,表示"同一性",相当于the same。如:‎ They are of an age.‎ ‎⑥不定冠词用在一些抽象名词前,表示具体的人或事物,即"抽象名词具体化"。常见的词有: surprise, success, failure等。如:‎ His coming to the party was a real surprise for me.‎ ‎⑦不定冠词用在某些固定搭配中。如:‎ a kind of, in a hurry, in a short while ‎2. 定冠词的用法 ‎①定冠词最基本的用法是特指上文已经提到的人或事物,或者说话双方都知道的人或事物。如:‎ I bought a computer yesterday. ‎ The computer was made in Korea. ‎ It’s too cold. Close the window please!‎ ‎②定冠词可用在单数名词前表示类别。如:‎ The giant panda in China is loved by people all around the world. ‎ ‎(注:这里说的大熊猫指的是大熊猫这一类别)‎ ‎③定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的事物。如:‎ The Pacific is the largest ocean in the world.‎ ‎④定冠词可用在序数词、形容词最高级前以及特指"二者之中比较……的"时。如:‎ The second girl is the tallest of them all.‎ ‎⑤用在某些形容词前,表示某一类人；或用在姓氏复数形式前,表示"一家人"或"夫妻二人"。如:‎ We should pay attention to the development of the young.‎ The Browns will visit us next week.‎ ‎⑥用在乐器名称前。如:‎ Tom likes playing the guitar.‎ ‎⑦用在表示海洋、河流、山脉、群岛及国家和党派等名词前。如:‎ the Yellow River, the United States, the Chinese Communist Party ‎⑧用在某些固定搭配中。如:‎ at the moment, at the same time, in the morning ‎3. 零冠词的用法 ‎①可数名词复数及不可数名词表示泛指时。如:‎ Monkeys are clever animals.‎ Milk goes bad easily in summer.‎ ‎②在星期、月份、季节、节日、学科、三餐、球类和棋类名词前。如:‎ on Sunday, in March, in spring, on Children’s Day 注意:如果具体到某一年春、夏、秋、冬时,则要加定冠词。如:‎ I was born in the autumn of 1985.‎ ‎③与by连用的交通工具名称前。如:‎ by bus / car / bike / train / air / plane / sea / ship ‎④某些固定搭配中。如:‎ day and night, here and there, at home, in surprise, at noon, on foot, at night, on duty, at work, on time, for example, on show Grammar Exercises I. 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ ‎1. How much _________ she looked without her glasses! (2009年,全国I)‎ A. well B. good C. best D. better ‎2. It looks like the weather is changing for ______. Shall we stick to our plan? (2008年,辽宁卷)‎ A. the worse B. worse C. the worst D. worst ‎3. —How did you find the play last night?‎ ‎—Excellent. It was ________ than I expected.‎ A. far more interesting B. even much interesting C. so more interesting D. a lot much interesting ‎4. I feel it is a little tight at the waist. Do you have _______ one?‎ A. a big B. a bigger C. the big D. the bigger ‎5. The assistant said, "The shoes in the other shop will be ________, but ________."‎ A. cheaper, not as better ‎ B. more cheap, not as better C. cheaper, not as good      D. more cheap, not as good      II. 阅读七选五。      根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ The way we communicate with our children is extremely important. 1 Communicating effectively (有效地) with your children will make them perform better and try hard to achieve their goals. Here are some tips to help you communicate effectively with your children:      2 Let them know that you accept them completely and love them. This will make them more confident when they communicate with others.      Readily listen to your children. Let them know that you’re interested and want to know all about it. 3      A very important key to effective communication is eye contact. It’s not just for when you are giving them commands. 4      Use polite language with children. Using words like please, sorry, thank you, etc. will not only make them polite, but will also make them feel important.      Always use positive words. 5 Always tell them that they are good and that you know they can do things wonderfully.‎ A. It plays a big role in children’s lives.‎ B. Let your children feel they are accepted.‎ C. They will soon discover that they love it.‎ D. Make them tell you more by asking questions.‎ E. You can also find out books that suit their interests.‎ F. Never tell your children that they are not good at something.‎ G. Look at them even when they’re telling you their playground experiences. 参考答案 I. 1-5 DAABC II. 1-5 ABDGF 练习一 ‎●I. 词乡语族 根据所给的句子及单词的首字母或汉语提示写出所缺单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1. My friend c_________ his own website on the Internet.‎ ‎2. This piece of information is not a__________ to the public as it is too important.‎ ‎3. This book c_______ many interesting stories and I like it very much.‎ ‎4. The examination is coming soon, so all the students are c__________ on their studies.‎ ‎5. You must ask for your teacher’s p______ if you want to go home early.‎ ‎6. New s__________ show that over half of the population are under pressure due to the rising prices.‎ ‎7. I want a direct answer. That is to say, I want a ________（确定的） answer “yes” or “no”.‎ ‎8. One of the main _________（劣势） of the plan is that it costs too much.‎ ‎9. You have to walk _________（侧身地） through the narrow opening.‎ ‎10. The _______（发明） of computers has made our work much easier.‎ ‎●II. 翻译乐园 根据所给的汉语句子及括号里的单词翻译下列句子。‎ 1. 最近由于我生病了，没办法集中精力好好学习。(concentrate on) ‎ 2. 生物不仅需要水，还需要空气和阳光。(as well as)‎ 1. 我希望你们能够提出一个更好的办法来解决这个问题。(come up with)‎ 2. 我们的足球队由11位队员组成。(consist of)‎ 3. 我们已经是成年人了，因此我们想独立而不再依赖父母。(independent)‎ 4. 大雪切断了通向这个村子的唯一通道。(access)‎ 5. 他利用了她的善良。(advantage)‎ 6. 美国青少年平均每天花两小时上网。(average)‎ ‎●III. 课文点击 根据课文内容判断正(T)误(F)。‎ ‎1. The World Wide Web was invented by an English scientist.‎ ‎2. Web browsers allow computer users to access information from other computers.‎ ‎3. The Internet has created thousands of millionaires, not just Berners-Lee.‎ ‎4. At present, the majority of web traffic is in English, and this percentage is on the increase.‎ ‎5. In 1969, a US defense organization created a computer network and for the next 15 years, only the US army was allowed to use this computer system.‎ 练习二 ‎●I. 选择填空 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ ‎1. These ____ want to be ____ when they grow up.‎ A. girl students; doctor B. girls students；doctors C. girls student; doctors D. girl students; doctors ‎2. _____ speak English and ____ speak German.‎ A. Englishman；German B. Englishmen; Germans ‎ C. An Englishman; a German D. Englishmen; German ‎3. I’ll buy two ______ next week.‎ A. tooth brushes B. teeth brushes ‎ C. brushes of teeth D. tooth’s brushes ‎4. This postcard was sent by_____.‎ A. friend of my father B. a friend of my father’s ‎ C. a my father’s friend D. my father friend ‎5. All of the students ___ here and all ___ going on the trip.‎ A. is ; is B. are; are C. are; is D. is ; are ‎6. There ______ a number of books in the library.‎ A. are B. is C. have D. has ‎7. Three-quarters of the homework _____ today.‎ A. has finished B. has been finished ‎ C. have finished D. have been finished ‎8. The number of people invited ____ fifty.‎ A. have been B. are C. was D. were ‎9. It was said that he had written ______ novel.‎ A. two-million-word B. a two-million-words ‎ C. a two-millions-word D. a two-million-word ‎10. It is said that the ____ man is a ___ person.‎ A. one-arm; warm-hearted B. an-armed; warm-heart ‎ C. one-armed; warm-hearted D. an-arm; warm-hearted ‎●II. 填空 在必要的地方用冠词填空。‎ ‎1. The boy who is standing at ______ gate is my elder brother. ‎ ‎2. In ______ evening _____ cold snow began to fall. ‎ ‎3. The team leader said immediately, “Give _____ wounded water and help _____ hungry whenever you can.” ‎ ‎4. All the teachers say that that girl is _____ angel.‎ ‎5. A bird in _____ hand is worth two in _____ bush.‎ ‎6. The trees are green in _____ Spring. ‎ ‎7. Rome was not built in _____ day. ‎ ‎8. He is not ______ one to lie to his parents.‎ 练习三 ‎●I. 情景对话 从方框中选择适当的句子补全对话（其中两项为多余项）。‎ W： 1 ‎ M：Yes, I’d like to buy something that has Chinese characteristics(特点，特征). ‎ W：As a matter of fact, everything here has Chinese characteristics. Let me see...How about some cloisonné（景泰蓝）?‎ M：What a beautiful vase!‎ W： 2 ‎ M：The one displayed in the window. 3 ‎ W：One thousand two hundred yuan.‎ M： 4 ‎ W：There are plenty of less expensive ones.‎ M： 5 ‎ W：This way, please.‎ A. Which one?‎ B. How much does it cost?‎ C. May I help you?‎ D. OK. Let’s have a look at them.‎ E. OK, I will take it.‎ F. My word! That’s a big fortune.‎ G. We have many wonderful vases here.‎ ‎●II. 选词填空 用所给单词及短语的正确形式填空(其中一项多余)。‎ make up, contain, communicate, concentrate, consist, surf, frequently, disadvantages, via, access, invention, source ‎ The Internet is a great 1 . It is a wonderful 2 from which we can get lots of useful information. It 3 of millions of pages of data and is 4 through a computer. We can search for the information we need by 5 the Internet. It is also convenient for people to 6 with each other 7 it. What’s more, we can buy anything we need on it, saving us the trouble of running from shop to shop. ‎ However, every coin has two sides. The Internet also has some 8 . If used incorrectly, the Internet may put us at risk. It also 9 sites which may be ‎ harmful to children. Students who go online 10 can easily become addicted (上瘾) to it and may have difficulty 11 on their studies.‎ 参考答案 练习一 I. 词乡语族 ‎1. created 2. accessible 3. contains ‎ ‎4. concentrating 5. permission 6. statistics ‎ ‎7. definite 8. disadvantages ‎ ‎9. sideways 10. invention II. 翻译乐园 ‎1. Because I am sick recently, I couldn’t concentrate on my study.‎ ‎2. Living things need water as well as air and light.‎ ‎3. I hope you can come up with a better way to deal with this problem.‎ ‎4. Our football team consists of eleven players.‎ ‎5. We are grown-ups now, so we want to be independent of our parents.‎ ‎6. The heavy snow has cut off the only access to the village.‎ ‎7. He took the advantage of her kindness.‎ ‎8. Teenagers in the United States spend on average two hours a day on the Internet.‎ III. 课文点击 ‎1. T 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T ‎ 练习二 I. 选择填空 ‎1-5 DBABB 6-10 ABCDC II. 填空 ‎1. the 2. the; a 3. the; the ‎4. an 5. the; the 6. /‎ ‎7. a 8. the 练习三 I. 情景对话 ‎1. C 2. A 3. B 4. F 5. D II. 选词填空 ‎1. invention 2. source 3. consists ‎ ‎4. accessible 5. surfing 6. communicate 7. via 8. disadvantages ‎ ‎9. contains 10. frequently ‎ ‎11. concentrating