宿迁专版2020中考英语复习第二篇语法专题突破专题14复合句课件

宿迁专版2020中考英语复习第二篇语法专题突破专题14复合句课件

语法专题（十四） 复合句 第二篇　语法专题突破 Clause 1　宾语从句 考点一　引导词 引导词 用法 例句 that 如果宾语从句是陈述句,常用 that引导,that本身无意义,只起 连接作用,口语中可省略 The radio says (that) it will rain tomorrow. 收音机说明天要下雨。 if, whether 如果宾语从句由一般疑问句转化 而来,用if或whether引导,在句中 意为“是否” I wonder if/whether you have told the news to Li Lei. 我想知道你是否已经告诉李雷这 个消息了。 Clause 1　宾语从句 引导词 用法 例句 who, whose, which, when, where, why, how 如果宾语从句由特殊疑问句转 化而来,应用连接代词或连接副 词引导 Could you tell me what he said to you? 你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗? Clause 1　宾语从句 [注意] 下列几种情况,宾语从句中的引导词通常用whether： (1)表示“是否”,尤其是直接与or not 连用时,往往用whether。 I don't know whether or not he has come back. 我不知道他是否已经回来了。 (2)在介词后面只能用whether,不能用if。 This depends upon whether we are determined to do it. 这要看我们是否有决心去做。 Clause 1　宾语从句 (3)和动词不定式连用时,只能用whether,不能用if。 He doesn't know whether to stay or not. 他不知道是否要留下来。 (4)在及物动词discuss后的宾语从句中,只能用whether,不能用if。 We discussed whether we should make a change in our plan. 我们讨论了是否应该对计划进行变动。 Clause 1　宾语从句 考点二　语序 　　无论主句是什么语序,在宾语从句中,除了引导词放在从句的句首外,要用陈 述语序,即“主语+谓语+……”。但是,当连接代词本身在宾语从句中充当主语 时,则要保持原来的语序,即“连接代词+谓语+……”。 The teacher asked me why I was late this morning. 老师问我今天早晨为什么迟到了。 I don't know who is the richest of them. (who在宾语从句中作主语) 我不知道他们中谁最富有。 Clause 1　宾语从句 考点三　时态 　　宾语从句的时态在一定程度上受到主句时态的制约,这种现象被称为前后 时态的一致性。宾语从句的时态有以下几种情况： 1. 主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况可用各种时态。 Do you know who he was talking with at eight last Sunday? 你知道上周日八点他正在和谁谈话吗? Clause 1　宾语从句 2. 主句是一般过去时,从句也应用过去的某种时态。 The teacher wanted to know if her students had finished their homework. 这位老师想知道她的学生是否已完成了家庭作业。 Clause 1　宾语从句 3. 当宾语从句是客观真理或客观事实时,其时态不受主句时态影响,仍用一般现 在时。 She said the sun rises in the east. 她说太阳从东方升起。 I didn't know you like classical music. 我过去不知道你喜欢古典音乐。 Clause 1　宾语从句 考点四　否定前移 　　在含有think(认为), believe(相信), suppose(设想), expect(期待)等动词 的宾语从句中,如果从句中的谓语动词要用否定形式,则其否定式要前移,即将主 句的谓语动词think, believe, suppose, expect等变为否定形式。 I don't think you are right. 我认为你不对。 [注意] 如果宾语从句中有宾语补足语,要使用形式宾语it,将从句放在宾语补足 语之后。 I thought it strange that she didn't come. 我认为她没来很奇怪。 Clause 1　宾语从句 考点五　宾语从句的简化 　　当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是know, remember, forget, learn等时,宾语从句常可以转换为“特殊疑问词+to do” 结构的简单句。 I don't know what I should say.→I don't know what to say. 我不知道要说什么。 Clause 2　状语从句 　　状语从句的考查点主要集中在引导状语从句的连词和状语从句的时态等方 面。状语从句分为地点状语从句、时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从 句、比较状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句和方式状语 从句。现归纳如下： 类型 连词 例句 地点状语 从句 where, wherever Cross the stream where it is the shallowest. 从最浅的地方过河。 We'll go wherever you say. 你说的任何地方我们都去。 Clause 2　状语从句 类型 连词 例句 时间状语 从句 when, while, after, before, since, till, until, as, as soon as, whenever, ever since I'll phone you as soon as I arrive in Shanghai. 我一到上海就给你打电话。 I waited till/until he came back. 我一直等到他回来。 I'll tell him when he comes. 当他来的时候,我将告诉他。 Whenever we're in trouble, they'll help us. 无论何时我们有麻烦,他们都会帮助我们。 Clause 2　状语从句 类型 连词 例句 原因状语 从句 as, because, since, now that Susan didn't come to school yesterday because she was ill. 苏珊昨天没来上学,因为她病了。 Since her brother was busy, he didn't come. 她哥哥因为忙没有来。 Now that you have finished your homework, you can play basketball. 既然你已经完成了家庭作业,你可以打篮球。 Clause 2　状语从句 类型 连词 例句 条件状语 从句 if, unless, as long as You won't pass the exam unless you work harder. 如果不更加努力学习,你将通不过考试。 I don't mind as long as it doesn't rain. 只要不下雨就行了。 比较状语 从句 than, as…as…, not so/as…as … This book is more interesting than that one. 这本书比那本书有趣。 Maths is as important as physics. 数学和物理同样重要。 Clause 2　状语从句 类型 连词 例句 目的状语 从句 in case, so that, in order that She stood up so that she might see more clearly. 她站起来以便能看得更清楚。 Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot. 随身带一顶帽子,以防太阳晒。 结果状语 从句 so…that…, such…that… He was so angry that he couldn't speak. 他是如此生气,以至于说不出话来。 She is such a lovely girl that everyone loves her. 她是一个如此可爱的女孩,大家都喜欢她。 Clause 2　状语从句 类型 连词 例句 让步状语 从句 although, though Though it was late, we went on working. 虽然晚了,但是我们继续工作。 Clause 2　状语从句 【拓展】 1. 主句与从句时态一致的问题 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,主句和从句的时态一致一般分为下列 三种情况： (1)主现从现： 若主句是祈使句或主句中有情态动词,那么从句用一般现在时表 示将来。 Be careful when you cross the road. 过马路时要小心。 The traffic must stop when the lights are red. 当红灯亮时,车辆必须停下来。 Clause 2　状语从句 (2)主将从现： 主句用一般将来时,而从句用一般现在时表示将来。 I will visit my good friend when I have time. 当我有空时,我将去看望我的好友。 If she is here tomorrow, I will go to the park with her. 如果明天她来这里,我将和她一起去公园。 (3)过去时态： 若主从句都是在叙述过去的事情,则主从句可以用一般过去时或 过去进行时。 My sister was playing the piano when I got home yesterday. 昨天我到家时,我妹妹正在弹钢琴。 Clause 2　状语从句 2. 宾语从句和状语从句同时出现 I don't know if(是否) he will come.If(如果) he comes, I will tell him about the accident. 我不知道他是否会来。如果他来的话,我将告诉他这起事故。 I don't know when(什么时候) he will come tomorrow. When(当……的时候) he comes, I will tell him about the news. 我不知道他明天什么时候来。当 他来时,我将告诉他这个消息。 Clause 2　状语从句 3. so…that…和such…that…的用法 用法 例句 so+形容词或副词+that从句 She is so lovely that we all love her. 她如此可爱,我们所有人都喜欢她。 so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单 数+that从句 It is so interesting a book that he enjoys reading it. 如此有趣的一本书,他很喜欢读。 Clause 2　状语从句 用法 例句 so+many/few+可数名词复数 +that从句 There were so many people in the supermarket that we had to wait for a long time. 超市里的人如此多,我们不得不等了很长时间。 so+much/little(少)+不可数名 词+that从句 He has so much money that he can afford the house. 他有那么多的钱,能买得起这座房子。 Clause 2　状语从句 用法 例句 such+a/an(+形容词)+可数名词 单数+that从句 He is such a good teacher that we all respect him. 他是那么好的一位老师,我们所有人都尊重他。 such(+形容词)+可数名词复数 +that从句 They are such interesting movies that children love them very much. 如此有趣的电影,孩子们非常喜欢它们。 such(+形容词)+不可数名词 +that从句 It was such bad weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太糟糕了,我们不得不待在家里。 Clause 3　定语从句 　　在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。引导定语从句的词 叫关系词。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 He is the man　who　I want to see. 他就是我想要见的那个人。 　　　 先行词 关系词　 定语从句 引导定语从句的有关系代词who, that, which, whom, whose和关系副词 when, where, why。一般情况下,如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词,关系词应 用who, whom, whose或that;先行词如果是表示物的名词或代词,关系词应用 whose, that或which。关系词有三个作用：1. 引导定语从句; 2. 代替先行词; 3. 在定语从句中充当某种成分。 Clause 3　定语从句 关系代词的用法 关系代词 例句 that在从句中作 主语或宾语 He wrote down the things that were talked about at the meeting. (作主语) 他写下了在会议上讨论的事情。 I will never forget the man that I saw last year. (作宾语) 我永远不会忘记我去年见到的那个人。 Clause 3　定语从句 关系代词 例句 which在从句中 作主语或宾语 This is the novel which is written in English. (作主语) 这是那本用英语写的小说。 The letter which I received yesterday was from a friend of mine. (作宾语) 我昨天收到的信来自我的一个朋友。 Clause 3　定语从句 关系代词 例句 who在从句中作 主语或宾语, whom在从句中 作宾语 The teacher will help anyone who is in trouble. (作主语) 老师会帮助任何一个有困难的人。 The person who broke the window must pay for it. (作主语) 打破窗户的人必须要赔偿。 The girl who/whom you saw last week has left the town. (作宾语) 你上周见到的那个女孩已经离开小镇了。 The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li. (作宾语) 刚才和你交谈的那个人是李先生。 Clause 3　定语从句 关系代词 例句 whose意为“谁的”,是一个属 格词。当先行词是人时,whose 相当于“of whom”;当先行词 是物时,whose相当于“of which” He is the only student in our class whose father is a policeman. =He is the only student in our class, the father of whom is a policeman. 他是我们班唯一一个父亲是警察的学生。 Clause 3　定语从句 关系代词 例句 as主要用在such, the same后, 在从句中作主语、宾语等 Such people as were mentioned by him were honest. (作主语) 他提到的那些人是诚实的。 Don't read such books as you can't understand. (作宾语)不要看你不懂的书。 This is the same book as I lost. (作宾语) 这是一本跟我丢失的那本一样的书。(同类型但 不是同一本) 对 接 中 考 专 练 Ⅰ.单项选择 1. [2019·宿迁] What did Mr Wang ask you just now? —He asked me 　 yesterday afternoon. A.why I am absent from school B.why I was absent from school C.why am I absent from school D.why was absent from school B 对 接 中 考 专 练 2. [2018·宿迁]Could you tell me 　　　　? —In five minutes, at 10:25. A.when did the next underground arrive B.when the next underground arrived C.when will the next underground arrive D.when the next underground will arrive 3. [2015·宿迁]Can you tell me 　　　　? I want to pay a visit to him. —He just lives opposite our school. A.where does Jim live B.where did Jim live C.where Jim lives D.where Jim lived D C 对 接 中 考 专 练 4. It's so late. Why not write the report tomorrow? —But I don't know　　　　 I can do it if not now. A.why B.when C.how D.where 5. Do you know　　　　 this afternoon? —I'm not sure, but I'll tell you as soon as she　　　　. A.how will Betty arrive; arrives B.how Betty will arrive; will arrive C.what time will Betty arrive; will arrive D.what time Betty will arrive; arrives D B 对 接 中 考 专 练 6.—Dad, please tell me when Mum　　　　. I miss her very much. —She will return when she　　　　 her task. And she will bring a nice present for you. A.returns; finishes B.returns; will finish C.will return; finishes D.will return; will finish 7.He said that light　　　　 much faster than sound. A.has traveled B.travel C.travels D.traveled C C 对 接 中 考 专 练 8.—Do you know the man　　　　 is reading the book over there? —Yes, he's Mr Green, our PE teacher. A.which B.what C.whom D.who 9. Have you finished the book　　　　 you borrowed from the library? A.which B.where C.what D.whose 10.—What kind of music do you like? —I like music 　　　　I can dance to. A.because B.when C.who D.that D D A 对 接 中 考 专 练 Ⅱ.根据句意或句子的语法要求,用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Sam didn't remember when he 　　　　 (buy) the book. 2. A moment, please. I‘m checking if Mr Smith 　　　 (work) tomorrow. 3. I'm waiting for my friend. If she (not come), I'll go shopping alone. 4. I don't know if it　　　　 (rain) tomorrow. If it 　　　　(rain), I'll stay at home. 5. My classmates　　　　　　　　 (talk) about the World Cup when our teacher came in. bought will work doesn't come will rain rains were talking 对 接 中 考 专 练 Ⅲ.根据所给汉语完成下列句子,每空词数不限。 1. 迈克一放学回家就开始做饭。 Mike started cooking 　　　　　　　　he got home from school. 2. 孩子们总是盼望着春节。 Children always 　　　　　　　　the Spring Festival. 3. 警方报告显示该事故与天气无关。 The police report showed that the accident 　　　　　　　　　　　 the weather. as soon as look forward to had nothing to do with 对 接 中 考 专 练 4. 健康取决于食物、锻炼和足够的睡眠。 Health 　　　　　　　　food, exercise and enough sleep. 5. 桑迪绞尽脑汁,想出了这个好主意。 Sandy thought hard and 　　　　　　　　the good idea. depends on came up with