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2020中考英语考纲解读+中考英语考前指导
考 纲 解 读 阅 读 部 分 阅读 变化 完形填空 阅读理解 设空规律 解题技巧 一、 完形填空的特点是什么? 完形填空是一种旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合 运用能力的典型题,难易程度与初中教材相当,词数 在 220-280 左右。文中平均每隔 16-20 个词左右设空。 学生通过推理判断,综合分析等将答案填入空白处, 使短文前后连贯、意思通顺、结构完整合理。 选材多为记叙文。 二、完形填空的设空规律有哪些? (一) 从文章结构看 首句通常不设空,以便考生对短文前提 和背景有个较清楚的了解,从而使考生尽快熟悉语境、 推测文章大意。 2. 短文设空平均密度为 16-20 个单词一个空。 中考完形填空抛弃了传统的“语法知识型”命 题模式,转变成“情境能力型”的命题趋势。 它的一个显著特点就是突出语篇,即重在文意的干扰, 把 具体的语言知识 融进具体的 语言情境 中去,考查学生 通过上下文对整体文意进行把握的能力。 二、完形填空的设空规律有哪些? (二)从语言层次看 考点设计对把握语段的要求在提高。我们可以 把考点分为三个层次,即句子层次、句群层次和语篇层次 句子层次的设空 例: ( 某年中考英语试卷 完形填空四选一 保留原题号 ) I 90 you were very busy then helping your friend get ready for her wedding — I am sure it was a success. A. remember B. explain C. hope D. expect 答案: A 指那些只需读懂设空所在句便可选出答案的题目。 二、完形填空的设空规律有哪些? 2. 句群层次的设空 前制性设空 后制性设空 指根据上下文的内容,经过推理判断可以得到答案的题目 即根据上文有关内容即可确定答案的题目。 指那些需要根据下文内容才能选出正确答案 的题目 / 下文某处有提示。 二、完形填空的设空规律有哪些? 前制性设空 例: It was an English speech contest. My mother asked me to take part in it. What a terrible idea! It meant I had to ____ in front of all the teachers and students of my school! A. write B. speak C. sing D. dance 后制性设空 例: 1). Nobody ____ him in the village. One day he said to them, “I know you don’t like me …” A. believed B. liked C. hated D. knew 2). Country music comes from ____ kinds of music. One is the traditional music of tall mountain people in the eastern United States. The other is traditional cowboy music from the American West. A. many B. all C. two D. three B B C 二、完形填空的设空规律有哪些? 3. 语篇性设空 I work as a volunteer for an organization that helps the poor in Haiti. Recently I took my son Barrett there for a week, hoping to 1 him … achieved all I’d expected. Soon he will celebrate his 18th birthday. He will be a man. ( 最后一句话 ) ( ) 1. A. comfort B. please C. attract D. educate D 指那些需要联系全文的情境、内容才能确定 正确答案的设空 。 三、 真题演练 ( 中考试卷 完形填空 ) Sometimes you may not understand your parents. One minute they’re friendly, the next minute they’re shouting and screaming loudly enough for the whole street to hear. So who makes them so 85 ? You, probably! When you take your clothes off, remember to 86 . Get into the habit of taking glasses and plates down to the kitchen. Before long you’ll be doing it without thinking. Even though you may not realize it, your parents have bought you many clothes. But they’re not buying themselves new things every week, are they? The simple truth is that there are more 87 things to spend money on, like the electricity bill and food. You may hate missing a party to visit some boring old relatives. They may go on and on about what a sweet baby you were. You have no choice but to listen. Even if you 88 , your parents won’t change their minds. Parents like to show off their family. The best thing you can do is to help entertain your relatives. Your parents will be so pleased with you afterwards that they’ll probably allow you to go to the next two 89 . 三、 真题演练 You might not want to eat, but think of it from the parents’ point of view. If you cook two meals a day, it means 730 meals a year. Can you imagine how boring this can get? Imagine how your parents feel when you say you’re not really hungry. 90 , your parents are probably worried that you aren’t eating enough. Eat fewer snacks and leave room for your meals. Finally, offer to 91 after the meal. Your offer may not be accepted, but your parents will be pleased. ( ) 85. A. friendly B. lonely C. changeable D. comfortable ( ) 86. A. hang them up B. leave them alone C. put them on D. throw them away ( ) 87. A. interesting B. difficult C. important D. surprising ( ) 88. A. agree B. complain C. listen D. win ( ) 89. A. concerts B. meetings C. classes D. parties ( ) 90. A. In addition B. In return C. At most D. At last ( ) 91. A. do the cooking B. lay the table C. buy some snacks D. wash the dishes C A C B D A D 三、 真题演练 解析: 85. ( 前制性设空 )文章第一段提出,父母的态度往往会 令你感到诧异,他们有时是那么友好,忽然间又会生气地 大声嚷嚷,由此可以看出,他们的态度是那么地易变 changeable 。所以, 本题答案为 C 。 86. ( 句子层次的设空) 青少年应该培养良好的生活习惯。例如,在家脱 衣后应该及时挂 上。 B 项 leave them alone 表示“让它们独自留下”; C 项 put them up 表示“把他们穿上”; D 项 throw them away 表示“把它们扔掉”, 以上答案显然均不符合文章意思,而 A 项 hang them up 正是“把衣服挂上” 的意思,所以答案为 A 。 87. ( 后制性设空 )家长会给孩子买许多衣服,但他们不会经常为自己购 物,那是因为他们要考虑维持家庭生计,他们往往把钱花在更重要的事 情上,所以答案为 C 。 88. ( 前制性设空 )你有时会去拜访那些无聊又年长的亲戚,他们会一遍 又一遍地唠叨你 小时候的乖巧可爱,而你只能洗耳恭听( They may go on and on about what a sweet baby you were. You have no choice but to listen. ) 显然,你会对此而抱怨,但家长们仍不以为然 ( … your parents won’t change their minds. ),所以本题答案为 B 。 三、 真题演练 解析: 89. ( 前制性设空 ) 如果能帮助招待好你的亲戚,你的 家长会感到十分满意,也会允许你出席以后的更多的这 种聚会。选项 A 、 B 、 C 与聚会无关,应予淘汰。所以,本题答案为 D 。 90. ( 语篇性设空 )每日吃饭时,应该想到家长的艰辛。当你说你并不饿 时,家长不但会有内心的不快,另外会担心你吃得过少而影响身体 ( Imagine how your parents feel when you say you’re not really hungry. …, your parents are probably worried that you aren’t eating enough. )。根据文 章内容,空格处应填入“除此之外”的意思,所以本题答 案为 A 。 91. ( 前制性设空 )文章结尾告诫我们要少吃零食,要留出吃饭的空间 ( Eat fewer snacks and leave room for your meals. )。饭后也要提出帮助 父母做些事情,尽管有时不会得到他们的许可。从四个选项中,我们可 以看到 D 项符合饭后可做的事, A 项 do the cooking 表示“煮饭”, B 项 lay the table 表示“摆餐具、饭桌”均发生在饭前, C 项 buy some snacks 与上文“少吃零食”的论述矛盾,所以答案为 D 。 四、 解题技巧点拨 (一) _______________________________________________ 。 (二) __________________________________ _____________ 。 (三) __________________________________ _____________ 。 细读首句,跳过空格,通读全文,掌握大意 理解词义,瞻前顾后,先易后难,各个击破 复读全文,逐个核对,验证答案,坚定信心 题 型 改 变 阅 读 理 解 主旨大意型 事实细节型 词 义 猜 测 型 命 题 类 推 理 判 断 型 有关阅读理解命题规律: 一、主旨大意题 (做题要领) 1. 干扰项 可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。 2. 干扰项 可能属从文中某些 (不完全的) 事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。 3. 干扰项 可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。 (正确答案) 是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的;但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。 1) What does the writer mainly tell us? 2)Which of the following can summar- ize the main idea of this text? 3)Which of the following best expresses the main idea? 4)Which is the subject discussed in the text? 6)What’s the best title for this passage? 主旨大意题 的常见的提问形式: 阅读理解基础训练 Basic Training ---主旨大意题 Passage 1 In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are flooding the American market, Ford, General Motors and Chrysler are employing more workers than ever before. The flood of cheaper for-eign cars has not cast American autoworkers their jobs as some experts predicted. Ford operates as far as Asia, and General Motors is considered Australian’s biggest employer. Yet General Motors has its huge American work force and employs hundreds of people every day to meet the needs of an insatiable ( 不能满足的) society. Question: Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraph A . GM is one of the largest car producers. B. Ford operates not only in the U.S.A., but also in Asia. C. The foreign cars have not taken away the jobs of American autoworkers. D. The flood of the cheaper foreign cars is terrible for American autoworkers. 【 解析 】 答案为 C 。 take sth. away of sb. 和 cast sb. sth. 的意思相似。 本段落以一、二句引出要表达的主题,在主题句出现后,再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。 寻找主题句 往往是做好此类题的关键。每段的主题句( 常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和归纳分析 )一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意。 文章中心是 论点 ,事实细节是 论据 或 主要理由 ;有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问,所提问题一般可 直接 或 间接 在文章中找到答案。 提问的特殊疑问词常有: what, who, which , where, how, why 等。 事实细节型 解题原则 : 忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系,决不能主观臆断。 1)Which of the following statement is true? 2)Which of the following is not mentioned in the text? 3)The author ( or the passage) states that___. 4) According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)___? 在阅读理解中,要求查找主要事实和特定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式: 阅读理解基础训练 Basic Training ---事实细节型 Q1) ____ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35 ℃ to 90 ℃ . A. 55 B. 175 C. 325 D. 275 Q2) Which statement is TRUE according to the chart above? A. A child aged 8 requires more than 3 times the amount of calories that a baby does. B. A boy aged 16 requires nearly twice the amount of calories that a boy aged 8 does. C. An office worker requires the same amount of calories per day as a woman feeding a baby does. D. A farmer requires nearly 1.5 times the amount of calories that an office worker does. Passage2 The human body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy. That is the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy? The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1℃. The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart shows …… CALORIES NEEDED PER DAY Baby 750 Office worker 2,700 Child aged 8 2,100 Woman feeding baby 2,700 Man over 70 2,100 Boy aged 16 3,000 Woman 3,600 Farmer 2,600 【 解析 】答案为 D 。 根据文章细节内容,计算公式为: (90-35)×5×1=275 【 解析 】答案为 C 。 根据文章图表,依次验证 A、B、C、D 四个答案的内容是否正确。很易找出 C 符合图表内容。 同义法 常在词或短语之间有并列连词 and 或 or, 它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的,由此可以推测。 反义法 如 hot and cold, give and receive 等,或前句为肯定,后句为否定。总之,词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。 释义法 对文章中的生词用定语(从句)、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。 词义猜测型 情景推断法、代词替代法 等 判断词义 1)文中找线索或信息词; 2) 根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意; 3)根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。 做题要领 阅读理解基础训练 Basic Training ---词义猜测型 Q: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “ illiterate ” A. repeat B. reiterated C. uneducated D. sick Passage3: Most women in Ghana —— the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved ( 应得的,值得的). 解 释 这段文字中讲到加纳这个国家中 的大多数妇女,受过教育的 ( educated ) 和没有受过教育的 ( illiterate ); 住在城市的 ( urban ) 和住在农村的( rural ), 年轻的( young ) 和年长的( old ) 正好是一对对反义词。 因此选 C 项。 本题答案选 C 推理判断题 : 中考重头戏,20个题中常有6-8个,着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。 以原文内容 为前提,据作者的观点理论 ( 非考生观点 ) ,客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断,做出一定解释。 推理判断型 透过现象看本质 ,领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。 推理判断题 (做题要领) 既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章 隐含意思 ,又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断,力求从 作者的角度 去考虑,不要固守自己的看法或观点。 推理判断型 常见的命题方式有: The passage implies ( 暗示) that_______. We can conclude ( 得出结论) from the passage that_____. Which of the following can be inferred ( 推论) ? What is the tone ( 语气) of the author ? What is the purpose ( 目的) of this passage? The passage is intended to _____. Where would this passage most probably appear? 阅读理解基础训练 Basic Training --- 推理判断型 Passage4 The concept (n. 观念 ) of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. About 90 percent of all illnesses might be preventable if individual (n. 个人 ) made sound ( adj. 健康的 ) personal health choices based upon present (adj. 现在的) medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it limited when it is within the legal (adj. 法律的 ) and moral boundaries ( n. 界限 ) of society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may affect our health. If we do desire, we can smoke , drink much, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever food we want, and live a completely sedentary (adj. 久坐的,劳心的 ) lifestyle without any exercise. Q: The concept of personal choice about health is important because____. A. personal health choices help cure most illnesses. B. it helps raise the level of our medical knowledge . C. it is basic to personal freedom in American society. D. wrong decisions could lead to poor health . 解析: 据前两句可以得知,不良的选择会导致健康状况变坏,因此答案选 D 。 选出的答案一定要在原文中找到依据或理由,不能只凭常识或自己主观胡乱推测。 Passage5 A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement (n. 成绩 ) ends up with uninspired students. Eisenberger holds (vi. 认为) . As an exa- mple of the latter ( adj. 近来的 ) point ( n. 观点 ) , he notes ( vi. 特别指出 ) growing efforts at major universities to tighten ( v. 使变得更紧 ) grading standards ( 及格标准 ) and restore ( vt. 恢复使用 ) failing grades ( 不及格分数或标准 ) . Q: It can be infer red from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe_____. rewarding poor performance ( n. 成绩 ) may kill the creativity of students . B. punishment is more effective than rewarding. C. failing (v. 给…不及格 ) uninspired students helps improve their overall (adj. 全面的 ) academic (adj. 学校的 ) standards. D. Discouraging ( vt. 使…失去信心 ) the students’ anticipation ( n. 预期之事物 ) for easy rewards is a matter of urgency ( n. 紧急 ). 解析: 问题是文中 Eisenberger 举的一个例子,通过例证题目的考点分析, 我们知道一般例子前后总结性的话(论点)是解决问题的关键,这样我们就可以判断出该例要说明的问题 …… ( 答案: A ) The topic sentence: A teacher ends up with uninspired (without creativity) students . 译: 假设老师总让学生关注奖励,或对表现一般的学生也给高分,那么学生们最终都会不求进取,没有灵感及想象力。 研究近几年中考阅读理解试题,我们不难发现命题者越来越 注重考查学生把握全文及中心思想的能力及推理判断能力 ,因此有关阅读理解题目 更为重要 的是: 主旨大意型 推理判断型 summary Thank you! 英语应试要点 友情提醒: 1 . 我难人难我不畏难,我易人易我不大意! ( 心理战术 ) 2 . 答案先写在试卷上,确准后再填涂到答题卡上 , 答题卡填好后也要认真复查。(书面表达要先打草稿) ( 方法战术 ) 冠词 连词 介词 名词 代词 形容词和副词 动词短语 同义词辨析 疑问词 数词 感叹句 考点扫瞄 12. 连系动词 13. 情态动词 14. 非谓语动词 15. 反意疑问句 16. 选择疑问句 17. 宾语从句 18. 被动语态 19. 特殊句型和固定结构 20. 延续性与短暂性 21. 交际用语 考点扫瞄 一、单项选择 语言知识 : 1. 冠词 (a, an, the, /) 2. 连词 : a) and, but , or, so b) though/although, unless =if ---not- c) until, when, before, after, while, as, as soon as ,since d) because of, because, as, since,so e) so---that---, so that, too---to--- f) that, if/whether, what, how, when 3. 介词 : a) 时间前的介词 :in, on, at, until, during, after, before, since, for b) 方位介词 :through, past, over, across, along, around, below, above, under, between---and---, among, from---to--- c) except, besides, including, instead of, like, with, without 4. 名词 : a) 不可数名词 :advice, news, information, weather, work, fun b) 集体名词 :the police, the family, people c) 单复同形 : sheep, fish d) 名词所有格 :’s // s’ e) 复合名词 :women / men teachers f) 名词复数 : -ves, -oes,-ies feet, women, teeth, children German s , Walkman s 5. 代词 : a) 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词 b) 不定代词 : all, none, any, every, another both, neither, either, each, the other something, anything, nothing, everything somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody someone, anyone, no one, everyone 区别: 1 ) none, no one, nothing 2 ) everyone, every one of 3 ) none, not all/all not/not every 4) it, one, ones, that 5) so, such, neither, nor 6. 形容词、副词及其比较等级 构成:双写: wetter,fatter,sadder,bigger, thinner, slimmest, hotter 不规则: bad/badly/ill-worse-worst little-less-least far-farther-farthest -further-furthest older/elder 多音节: expensive-more ~- most ~ -less ~- least ~ health i er, more health i ly 形容词、副词 形容词修饰人或物: sun ny , cloud y , wind y , rainy friendly, daily, week ly -ful, -less ; un-/ im-/dis-/in-/ir- -ed/-ing: excited/ exciting pleased/ pleasant// pleasure (n.) 副词修饰动词、形容词等: badly, sadly, angrily, easily ,politely -ple/ -ble/ -tle: terribly, simply, gently *true-truly 形容词、副词比较等级 a) 同级比较: as---as--- not ---as/ so ---as--- A is like B. / A and B are alike. the same as---/ different from--- A is the same size as B. b) 比较级 : much, a little, even, far ---- than---/ the taller of the two The more----, the better---- c) 最高级 of/ among/in/ 序数词 +/one of+ * 区别: than any---; than any other --- 7. 动词短语 : put up/put away/ put on/ put off/ put out look up/look over/look for/ look after turn up/turn down/turn on/turn off have been to/ have gone to/ have been in give out 分发,散发 / give away 赠送,分发,泄露 / give up 放弃 / give in 屈服 take off 脱下,起飞 / take down 取下 / take out 取出 / take away 拿走,夺走,拆去 / take in 吸进 8. 同义词辨析 : spend/ cost/ pay/ take borrow/lend/keep/ forget/leave; take/bring/get/carry wear/ dress/put on/ try on say/speak/ tell/ call/ talk arrive in(at)/ get to/ reach the reason for / the cause of a number of/ the number of few/little/a few/ a little (only,just,still+ 肯 ) alone/lonely asleep/sleepy die/dying/be dead/death floor/ground used to do sth/ be used to doing sth/ be used to do/for doing sth both---and---/ not only---but also--- neither---nor---/ either---or--- 9. 同形不同义的词用法辨析 : if : 1 )如果,主句将来,从句现在。 2 )是否,该用将来时就用。 =whether when : I will call you when he comes today. I don’t know when he will come today. He came in when I was writing a letter. room : 房间 , 可数名词 ; 空间 , 不可数名词 =space make room for sb. 给 …… 腾出地方 9. 疑问词 : a) what, how, who, which, when, where b) how long, how soon, how often, how far 区别 :what/ who; what/which; what/how who/whom/whose What do you call that? How do you say that? what to do with sth/ how to deal with sth Can you tell me what life will be like ? What do you think of sth? How do you like /find/feel about sth? 10. 数词 : 基数词 : forty, ninety 百位与十位之间加 and, 十位与个位之间加连字符号 .three thousand two hundred and forty-five (3245) 序数词 :first,second,third, fourth ,ninth,twelfth,twentieth, fortieth , nin e tieth, twenty-second the twentieth century; the Fourth Unit come first 复数的应用 : in one’s fifties, the eighties of the last century the 1980s 分数 : one third; three quarters; two fifth s ____ the people took part in the activity. Three hundred B. Three hundreds C. Three hundred of D. Three hundreds of 11. 感叹句 : What + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 动词 ! How+ 形容词 / 副词 + 主语 + 动词 ! What a nice day it is! What fine weather it is! (work, news, information, food, advice) What fun it is! What a great time we had! What a heavy rain! How beautiful ly she is dancing! ( 对照 so/ such 用法) 12. 连系动词 + 形容词 , 无被动语态 . sound, taste, smell 不能与 well 连用 , 不用进行时态 . feel, look+well 表身体健康 +good 表全方位好 That sounds exciting, doesn’t it? Lovely weather, isn’t it? The meat smells _____. Throw it away. A. bad B. good C. badly D. nicely The cloth washes ______. A. easy B. easily C. difficult D. difficulty A. bad B. easily 13. 情态动词 + 动词原形 can, may, must, need, ought to have to, dare , could, might can’t, may not, needn’t, oughtn’t to, don’t have to, daren’t, couldn’t May I----? Yes, you may ./No, you can’t . Could I---?Yes, you can . /No, you can’t . Must I---? Yes, you must. No, you needn’t/don’t have to . 比较 : needn’t do sth/ don’t need to do need sth/ don’t need sth 表猜测 : can 可能 , 用于疑问句中 Can you be here before eight? 用于表示事情发生的前提条件 If you aren’t careful, fire can be dangerous. may 可能 , 用于肯定句中 I’m not sure. It may be Kitty’s. must 一定 can’t 不可能 , 一定不 14. 非谓语动词 : a) 动词 +doing: spend, keep, finish, practise, enjoy, mind, suggest, consider, give up, feel like be busy, have fun, have a good time, have difficulty/ trouble/problems, can’t help, be worth b) forget doing/ to do remember doing/ doing stop doing/ to do go on doing/ to do c) 动词 +to do plan, decide, prepare,would like, agree, fail, hope, refuse,promise ask/tell/advise sb to do/ not to do d) 动词 +do help do/to do/with sth see, hear, watch, make, let sb do sth e) 介词 +doing Thanks for doing.// think of doing // How about doing?// without getting angry He spent as much time as he could ____ playing the violin. practise B. practising C. practised D. to practise He spent as little time as Sandy ___( do) on it. Each of us should do what we can _____ the disabled. A. help B. to help C. helping D. helps B. practising did B. to help 15. 反意疑问句 : 前肯后否 , 前否后肯 否定词 : few, little, no, nothing, nobody, none, seldom, never, hardly He is never late, is he? -- No, he isn’t. He always comes early. He is unhappy, isn’t he? --Yes, he is. He failed the exam. Let’s----, shall we?- That’s a good idea. Don’t----, will you?- No, I won’t. Do----, will you? -Yes, I will. Jack failed in the competition, _______he? did B. didn’t C. was D. wasn’t Helen hates to borrow money from others, ___? does she B. doesn’t she C. does Helen D. doesn’t Helen ----Tom dislikes swimming, doesn’t he? ----____. He never goes swimming with us. Yes, he does B. No, he doesn’t C. Yes, he doesn’t D. No, he does didn’t B. doesn’t she A. Yes, he does 17. 宾语从句 : 连词 : that, if, whether, 特殊疑问词 语序 : 陈述句 ( 主谓顺序 ) Do you know who he is ? Can you tell me what is in the box ? Could you tell me what is the matter with you ? 时态 :1. 主句过去 , 从句过去 2. 主句现在 , 从句任意 3. 客观规律 , 自然现象用一般现在时 . The teacher told us the earth goes around the sun. 18. 被动语态 :(by sb) am/is/are + 过去分词 was/were+ 过去分词 无被动语态: happen, take place, appear, come out, sell well, feel soft 19. 延续性与短暂性 die-be dead fall asleep-be asleep borrow-keep buy-have join-be in leave- be away begin-be on open- be open finish- be over come/go- be in How long have you ______ this school? A.been to B. gone to C.been in D.come to C 20. 特殊句型和固定结构 : would rather do sth than ( do) sth prefer doing to doing prefer sth to sth prefer to do rather than ( do ) sth Will you please do / not do sth? had better do/ not do sth Would you like to do sth? It’s better to do than to do. I could do nothing but wait . There be 句型的各种时态结构 . It’s 形容词 of sb to do sth. It’s 形容词 for sb to do sth. I find/think/feel it 形容词 to do sth. He is too young to go to school. He was tall enough to reach the basket. 21. 交际用语 1) 赞扬 - Thank you. 2) 祝愿 …… Do you mind doing…? Not at all. / Of course not. / You’d better not. ( 注: 不可用 Never mind .) 2. That’s right. / That’s all right. / All right. / You’re right. 3. No problem. // Never mind. // I’m sorry to hear that. // You’re welcome. 22. 语音(见讲义) s ay s ay s s ai d // p ay p ai d hou s e hou s es // wind ow br ow n mou th // mou th s 双音节、多音节单词 注意重音位置 解题策略 心态平和,自信从容。 精神饱满,集中精力。 耐心仔细,谨防遗漏。 一、单项选择 语言知识 1 . 詹前顾后 , 联系上下文。根据选项确定考点范围。 2 . 注意固定搭配和常用句型 。 3 . 检查语境、语法 ( 构词、大小写、单复数、时态、语态、逻辑关系等 ) ,找准关键词。 4 . 代入复查,分析结构,谨防陷阱。 5. 把握不准的题目,作适当的记号,以便优先复查 1. I wonder ____ I can do to help you. A. whether B. how C. what D. when 2. He will spend as much time as he can ___others. A. help B. helps C. to help D. helping 3. He’s just back , ____he? A. isn’t B. is C. has D. hasn’t C D A 二、完形填空 三部曲: 通读、对照、检查 1. 读短文,了解大意。 2. 逐个对照选项 , 对号入座。 3. 填入答案再通读全文 , 检查文章是否通顺、正确,确保所选答案的语义和语法都正确。 4. 遇到疑问 , 暂时放一放,先完成有把握的题目,最后再耐心寻找上下文中的信息词。 5. 实在不能确定 , 选择你认为的最佳答案。 6 . 代入复查,清除疏漏,调整答案 。 主要考查 : 词性、固定搭配、固定结构、词义辨析及篇章语意的理解。 三、阅读理解 读、找、查 (即:读三遍) 1 .第一遍 基本看懂图文。 2 . 第二遍 初选答案 , 并从文中找到依据。 3 . 第三遍 填答案 , 再读文章 , 敲定答案。 4 . 确定标题要纵观全文,找关键词 key words 。 5 . 考虑作者意图。按文章内容和逻辑关系 选出结论或推论。 特别要注意 认真阅读题干,明确答题要求,以防文字游戏。( true, not true) 关注相同意思的不同表达形式。 四、词汇 (特别注意大小写) A. 注意 词意 和 词形 相结合,包含各种词性( 名词、代词、数词、动词、介词、副词、形容词、分词 doing/done) 。 1 . 注意单复数、动词的形式和所有格形式。 2 . 注意形容词和副词的三级 ( 原级、比较级和最高级 ) 。 3 . 只能填一词。如: He walks ______( 慢 ) of the boys. 4 . 注意英文释义题要写出另一个同义词 .This is really ______(surprising) news.5. 注意常识题 .( 月份、周日、季节、节日、谚语) slowest amazing B. 词形变化 1 . 认真读题,根据句意初步确定每句所需单词,然后根据句意、句型结构、词法规则确定应填单词形式。 2 . 将较难或把握不大的题留至最后。 3 . 实在难确定再回到句意上 , 注意 詹前顾后 , 联系上下文, 切忌马虎。如: Can you tell me the __________ names? (play) 主要考查:形容词和副词的三级,名词复数,名词所有格,序数词,名词性物主代词,反身代词,构词法,天气形容词,分词等。 players’ C. 时态填空 : 六种时态: 一般现在时( do, does ; am/ is /are) ; 一般过去时( did/ was/ were) ; 一般将来时( will/ shall do ; am/is/are going to do // won’t/ shan’t do) ; 现在进行时( am/is/are doing) ; 现在完成时( have/ has done) ; 过去进行时( was/were doing) 。 一般不重复。 1. 根据句意选择符合句意的动词 2 . 找起关键作用的时间状语,确定时态。试比较 : They ____________(teach) us English for two months. They ________(teach) us English for two months last year. 3 . 关注主谓语的单复数形式一致。特别注意: 看 A 判断 : A with B // A , like B// A together with B 看 B 判断 : A or B // not only A but also B // either A or B // neither A nor B 一定是复数 : A and B ; the police// the family( 一家人) // people// the Smith s 4 . 考虑主语和动词之间的关系 , 确定语态。如: He ____________(ask) not to be late again a moment ago. She ___________(be) here since a moment ago. have taught taught was asked has been 5 . 根据上下文语境确定时态。 1. ----Jack , can you pass me the book? ----Pardon? I __________ ( think) about a maths problem. 2. ----Jack, can you lend me your dictionary? ----Pardon? I __________( not hear) you. 3. How clean the window is! Who__________( clean) it ? 6 . 根据主从句的关系确定时态。如: 1. I wonder when Mum __________ (return) from Shanghai. When she _______( return), I will tell her this good news. 2. We wonder if it ________( rain ) tomorrow. If it _____( rain), we will have to stay at home. was thinking didn’t hear has cleaned will return returns will rain rains 五、句型转换 1. 句式的变换(肯定改否定、疑问)应注意 some- any , already-yet, too-either 2. 同义句变换 (so that – too…to -- …enough ; 比较等级的互换) 3. 直接引语与间接引语互换 4. 主动改被动 5. 划线部分提问 6. 单数句改为复数句。 七、 任务型阅读 (带着问题读文章) ( 问题或表格 ) 快速通读全文, 了解大意。 细读问题,回到文中找答案。细节问题找关键词;实质问题,以原文为基础进行分析、推理,从而得出结论。 注意同一内容的不同表达方式,关注句式变化 . 回答时,可以用完整的句子,也可以用省略句回答,但务必要写出能回答问题的 关键内容 。此外,写出的句子一定要准确无误, 无单词拼写错误,无大小写错误,标点符号要写上 。要注意 : 人称,时态和语态与问句要一致 。 八.书面表达 1 . 仔细审题,根据写作要求、提示材料或图示,确立主题,人称和时态 , 列出要点。 2 . 根据要点列提纲 , 对全文通篇考虑。 用上所有提示语 ( 完整、准确 ) ,按 要求适当发挥 。发挥部分符合全文逻辑。 3 . 注意: a . 表达方式多样化 ( 适当使用关联词 and, th e n, but, however, what’s more, besides, worst of all, best of all, to make things worse 及从句 ) ; b . 用语准确,多用熟悉的具体的词汇来行文; c . 文章字数符合要求;务必 认真誊写 。(卷面情况直接影响老师打分心情,力求做到字迹工整、清晰; 大小写 、 标点符号 、 词间距 要规范) Wish you a great success and good luck! 英语应试要点 友情提醒: 1 . 我难人难我不畏难,我易人易我不大意! ( 心理战术 ) 2 . 答案先写在试卷上,确准后再填涂到答题卡上 , 答题卡填好后也要认真复查。(书面表达要先打草稿) ( 方法战术 ) 解题策略 心态平和,自信从容。 精神饱满,集中精力。 耐心仔细,谨防遗漏。 冠词 连词 介词 名词 代词 形容词和副词 动词短语 同义词辨析 疑问词 数词 感叹句 考点扫瞄 12. 连系动词 13. 情态动词 14. 非谓语动词 15. 反意疑问句 16. 选择疑问句 17. 宾语从句 18. 被动语态 19. 特殊句型和固定结构 20. 延续性与短暂性 21. 交际用语 考点扫瞄 语言知识 : 1. 冠词 (a, an, the, /) 2. 连词 : a) and, but , or, so b) though/although, unless =if ---not- c) until, when, before, after, while, as, as soon as ,since d) because of, because, as, since,so e) so---that---, so that, too---to--- f) that, if/whether, what, how, when 3. 介词 : a) 时间前的介词 :in, on, at, until, during, after, before, since, for b) 方位介词 :through, past, over, across, along, around, below, above, under, between---and---, among, from---to--- c) except, besides, including, instead of, like, with, without 4. 名词 : a) 不可数名词 :advice, news, information, weather, work, fun b) 集体名词 :the police, the family, people c) 单复同形 : sheep, fish d) 名词所有格 :’s // s’ e) 复合名词 :women / men teachers f) 名词复数 : -ves, -oes,-ies feet, women, teeth, children German s , Walkman s 5. 代词 : a) 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词 b) 不定代词 : all, none, any, every, another both, neither, either, each, the other something, anything, nothing, everything somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody someone, anyone, no one, everyone 区别: 1 ) none, no one, nothing 2 ) everyone, every one of 3 ) none, not all/all not/not every 4) it, one, ones, that 5) so, such, neither, nor 6. 形容词、副词及其比较等级 构成:双写: wetter,fatter,sadder,bigger, thinner, slimmest, hotter 不规则: bad/badly/ill-worse-worst little-less-least far-farther-farthest -further-furthest older/elder 多音节: expensive-more ~- most ~ -less ~- least ~ health i er, more health i ly 形容词、副词 形容词修饰人或物: sun ny , cloud y , wind y , rainy friendly, daily, week ly -ful, -less ; un-/ im-/dis-/in-/ir- -ed/-ing: excited/ exciting pleased/ pleasant// pleasure (n.) 副词修饰动词、形容词等: badly, sadly, angrily, easily ,politely -ple/ -ble/ -tle: terribly, simply, gently *true-truly 形容词、副词比较等级 a) 同级比较: as---as--- not ---as/ so ---as--- A is like B. / A and B are alike. the same as---/ different from--- A is the same size as B. b) 比较级 : much, a little, even, far ---- than---/ the taller of the two The more----, the better---- c) 最高级 of/ among/in/ 序数词 +/one of+ * 区别: than any---; than any other --- 7. 动词短语 : put up/put away/ put on/ put off/ put out look up/look over/look for/ look after turn up/turn down/turn on/turn off have been to/ have gone to/ have been in give out 分发,散发 / give away 赠送,分发,泄露 / give up 放弃 / give in 屈服 take off 脱下,起飞 / take down 取下 / take out 取出 / take away 拿走,夺走,拆去 / take in 吸进 8. 同义词辨析 : spend/ cost/ pay/ take borrow/lend/keep/ forget/leave; take/bring/get/carry wear/ dress/put on/ try on say/speak/ tell/ call/ talk arrive in(at)/ get to/ reach the reason for / the cause of a number of/ the number of few/little/a few/ a little (only,just,still+ 肯 ) alone/lonely asleep/sleepy die/dying/be dead/death floor/ground used to do sth/ be used to doing sth/ be used to do/for doing sth both---and---/ not only---but also--- neither---nor---/ either---or--- 9. 同形不同义的词用法辨析 : if : 1 )如果,主句将来,从句现在。 2 )是否,该用将来时就用。 =whether when : I will call you when he comes today. I don’t know when he will come today. He came in when I was writing a letter. room : 房间 , 可数名词 ; 空间 , 不可数名词 =space make room for sb. 给 …… 腾出地方 9. 疑问词 : a) what, how, who, which, when, where b) how long, how soon, how often, how far 区别 :what/ who; what/which; what/how who/whom/whose What do you call that? How do you say that? what to do with sth/ how to deal with sth Can you tell me what life will be like ? What do you think of sth? How do you like /find/feel about sth? 10. 数词 : 基数词 : forty, ninety 百位与十位之间加 and, 十位与个位之间加连字符号 .three thousand two hundred and forty-five (3245) 序数词 :first,second,third, fourth ,ninth,twelfth,twentieth, fortieth , nin e tieth, twenty-second the twentieth century; the Fourth Unit come first 复数的应用 : in one’s fifties, the eighties of the last century the 1980s 分数 : one third; three quarters; two fifth s ____ the people took part in the activity. Three hundred B. Three hundreds C. Three hundred of D. Three hundreds of 11. 感叹句 : What + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 动词 ! How+ 形容词 / 副词 + 主语 + 动词 ! What a nice day it is! What fine weather it is! (work, news, information, food, advice) What fun it is! What a great time we had! What a heavy rain! How beautiful ly she is dancing! ( 对照 so/ such 用法) 12. 连系动词 + 形容词 , 无被动语态 . sound, taste, smell 不能与 well 连用 , 不用进行时态 . feel, look+well 表身体健康 +good 表全方位好 That sounds exciting, doesn’t it? Lovely weather, isn’t it? The meat smells _____. Throw it away. A. bad B. good C. badly D. nicely The cloth washes ______. A. easy B. easily C. difficult D. difficulty A. bad B. easily 13. 情态动词 + 动词原形 can, may, must, need, ought to have to, dare , could, might can’t, may not, needn’t, oughtn’t to, don’t have to, daren’t, couldn’t May I----? Yes, you may ./No, you can’t . Could I---?Yes, you can . /No, you can’t . Must I---? Yes, you must. No, you needn’t/don’t have to . 比较 : needn’t do sth/ don’t need to do need sth/ don’t need sth 表猜测 : can 可能 , 用于疑问句中 Can you be here before eight? 用于表示事情发生的前提条件 If you aren’t careful, fire can be dangerous. may 可能 , 用于肯定句中 I’m not sure. It may be Kitty’s. must 一定 can’t 不可能 , 一定不 14. 非谓语动词 : a) 动词 +doing: spend, keep, finish, practise, enjoy, mind, suggest, consider, give up, feel like be busy, have fun, have a good time, have difficulty/ trouble/problems, can’t help, be worth b) forget doing/ to do remember doing/ doing stop doing/ to do go on doing/ to do c) 动词 +to do plan, decide, prepare,would like, agree, fail, hope, refuse,promise ask/tell/advise sb to do/ not to do d) 动词 +do help do/to do/with sth see, hear, watch, make, let sb do sth e) 介词 +doing Thanks for doing.// think of doing // How about doing?// without getting angry He spent as much time as he could ____ playing the violin. practise B. practising C. practised D. to practise He spent as little time as Sandy ___( do) on it. Each of us should do what we can _____ the disabled. A. help B. to help C. helping D. helps B. practising did B. to help 15. 反意疑问句 : 前肯后否 , 前否后肯 否定词 : few, little, no, nothing, nobody, none, seldom, never, hardly He is never late, is he? -- No, he isn’t. He always comes early. He is unhappy, isn’t he? --Yes, he is. He failed the exam. Let’s----, shall we?- That’s a good idea. Don’t----, will you?- No, I won’t. Do----, will you? -Yes, I will. Jack failed in the competition, _______he? did B. didn’t C. was D. wasn’t Helen hates to borrow money from others, ___? does she B. doesn’t she C. does Helen D. doesn’t Helen ----Tom dislikes swimming, doesn’t he? ----____. He never goes swimming with us. Yes, he does B. No, he doesn’t C. Yes, he doesn’t D. No, he does didn’t B. doesn’t she A. Yes, he does 17. 宾语从句 : 连词 : that, if, whether, 特殊疑问词 语序 : 陈述句 ( 主谓顺序 ) Do you know who he is ? Can you tell me what is in the box ? Could you tell me what is the matter with you ? 时态 :1. 主句过去 , 从句过去 2. 主句现在 , 从句任意 3. 客观规律 , 自然现象用一般现在时 . The teacher told us the earth goes around the sun. 18. 被动语态 :(by sb) am/is/are + 过去分词 was/were+ 过去分词 无被动语态: happen, take place, appear, come out, sell well, feel soft 19. 延续性与短暂性 die-be dead fall asleep-be asleep borrow-keep buy-have join-be in leave- be away begin-be on open- be open finish- be over come/go- be in How long have you ______ this school? A.been to B. gone to C.been in D.come to C 20. 特殊句型和固定结构 : would rather do sth than ( do) sth prefer doing to doing prefer sth to sth prefer to do rather than ( do ) sth Will you please do / not do sth? had better do/ not do sth Would you like to do sth? It’s better to do than to do. I could do nothing but wait . There be 句型的各种时态结构 . It’s 形容词 of sb to do sth. It’s 形容词 for sb to do sth. I find/think/feel it 形容词 to do sth. He is too young to go to school. He was tall enough to reach the basket. 21. 交际用语 1) 赞扬 - Thank you. 2) 祝愿 …… Do you mind doing…? Not at all. / Of course not. / You’d better not. ( 注: 不可用 Never mind .) 2. That’s right. / That’s all right. / All right. / You’re right. 3. No problem. // Never mind. // I’m sorry to hear that. // You’re welcome. 22. 语音(见讲义) s ay s ay s s ai d // p ay p ai d hou s e hou s es // wind ow br ow n mou th // mou th s 双音节、多音节单词 注意重音位置 一、听力 2018年中考听力题对考生要求高了,难度也加深了,听的过程中做做速记,捕捉的信息准确,才能答题正确 。 以原文为基础进行分析、推理,从而得出结论。 注意同一内容的不同表达方式,关注句式变化 . 无单词拼写错误,无大小写错误, 要注意 : 人称,时态和语态与问句要一致 。 中考英语各题型答题技巧 二、单项选择 属于考查各项基础知识的传统题型,此题内容涉及语法、词汇、惯用法、句型、口语功能等方面。此题灵活,覆盖面广,但多数题目源于课本或化于课本。答题时要注意: 1、题目有语境,吃透语境,把握题干的全部信息,并从词法、语法、惯用法、词的搭配等多方面考虑。 2、对话构成题干,更生活化,更灵活,要根据实际情况来断定答案。 3、注意综合性的知识,切记“语不离句,句不离文,语法不离语境”。用排除法选出答案。 中考英语各题型答题技巧 单项选择解题技巧 1 . 詹前顾后 , 联系上下文。根据选项确定考点范围。 2 . 注意固定搭配和常用句型 。 3 . 检查语境、语法 ( 构词、大小写、单复数、时态、语态、逻辑关系等 ) ,找准关键词。 4 . 代入复查,分析结构,谨防陷阱。 5. 把握不准的题目,作适当的记号,以便优先复查 1. I wonder ____ I can do to help you. A. whether B. how C. what D. when 2. He will spend as much time as he can ___others. A. help B. helps C. to help D. helping 3. He’s just back , ____he? A. isn’t B. is C. has D. hasn’t C D A 三、完形填空 它要求考生有较精准的语言素养,考查考生对词义的理解、词汇的拼写、词性的选择和运用,以及固定搭配、句子的类型结构、句子的时态等方面的能力。 课文中出现的动词、固定搭配词组,要特别注意,因为这些内容掌握的好坏,是考生能否正确遣词造句的关键,每学到一个动词、固定搭配词组,都要联系简单句的5个基本句型考虑组成句子。 中考英语各题型答题技巧 三部曲: 通读、对照、检查 1. 读短文,了解大意。 2. 逐个对照选项 , 对号入座。 3. 填入答案再通读全文 , 检查文章是否通顺、正确,确保所选答案的语义和语法都正确。 4. 遇到疑问 , 暂时放一放,先完成有把握的题目,最后再耐心寻找上下文中的信息词。 5. 实在不能确定 , 选择你认为的最佳答案。 6 . 代入复查,清除疏漏,调整答案 。 主要考查 : 词性、固定搭配、固定结构、词义辨析及篇章语意的理解。 中考英语各题型答题技巧 填词 A. 注意 词意 和 词形 相结合,包含各种词性( 名词、代词、数词、动词、介词、副词、形容词、分词 doing/done) 。 1 . 注意单复数、动词的形式和所有格形式。 2 . 注意形容词和副词的三级 ( 原级、比较级和最高级 ) 。 B. 词形变化 1 . 认真读题,根据句意初步确定每句所需单词,然后根据句意、句型结构、词法规则确定应填单词形式。 2 . 将较难或把握不大的题留至最后。 3 . 实在难确定再回到句意上 , 注意 詹前顾后 , 联系上下文, 切忌马虎。如: Can you tell me the __________ names? (play) 主要考查:形容词和副词的三级,名词复数,名词所有格,序数词,名词性物主代词,反身代词,构词法,天气形容词,分词等。 players’ C. 时态填空 : 六种时态: 一般现在时( do, does ; am/ is /are) ; 一般过去时( did/ was/ were) ; 一般将来时( will/ shall do ; am/is/are going to do // won’t/ shan’t do) ; 现在进行时( am/is/are doing) ; 现在完成时( have/ has done) ; 过去进行时( was/were doing) 。 一般不重复。 1. 根据句意选择符合句意的动词 2 . 找起关键作用的时间状语,确定时态。试比较 : They ____________(teach) us English for two months. They ________(teach) us English for two months last year. 3 . 关注主谓语的单复数形式一致。特别注意: 看 A 判断 : A with B // A , like B// A together with B 看 B 判断 : A or B // not only A but also B // either A or B // neither A nor B 一定是复数 : A and B ; the police// the family( 一家人) // people// the Smith s 4 . 考虑主语和动词之间的关系 , 确定语态。如: He ____________(ask) not to be late again a moment ago. She ___________(be) here since a moment ago. have taught taught was asked has been 5 . 根据上下文语境确定时态。 1. ----Jack , can you pass me the book? ----Pardon? I __________ ( think) about a maths problem. 2. ----Jack, can you lend me your dictionary? ----Pardon? I __________( not hear) you. 3. How clean the window is! Who__________( clean) it ? 6 . 根据主从句的关系确定时态。如: 1. I wonder when Mum __________ (return) from Shanghai. When she _______( return), I will tell her this good news. 2. We wonder if it ________( rain ) tomorrow. If it _____( rain), we will have to stay at home. was thinking didn’t hear has cleaned will return returns will rain rains 四、阅读理解 读、找、查 (即:读三遍) 1. 第一遍 基本看懂图文。 2 . 第二遍 初选答案 , 并从文中找到依据。 3 . 第三遍 填答案 , 再读文章 , 敲定答案。 4 . 确定标题要纵观全文,找关键词 key words 。 5 . 考虑作者意图。按文章内容和逻辑关系 选出结论或推论。 特别要注意 认真阅读题干,明确答题要求,以防文字游戏。( true, not true) 关注相同意思的不同表达形式。 在中考英语的试卷中,阅读理解是中考英语中非常重要的一部分,所占分数比例较大,文章题材涉及也很广。要想搞定中考英语,首先就要搞定阅读理解。 在英语的学习过程中,很多同学可能会遇到觉得文章读懂了却做错题的情况。其实,只要掌握一些必备的解题技巧,英语阅读并非那么可怕。下面,给大家分享一些考研英语阅读理解的答题技巧: 中考英语各题型答题技巧 中考英语各题型答题技巧 一、阅读题的四种题型及命题思路 1、主旨大意题 阅读理解是对整个文章的目的、意图、观点、立场、态度以及内在的逻辑关系的理解,而不是断章取义的一孔之见,所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要的,这些问题会给你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要细节。在统览全篇的同时要注意抓住文章的中心大意,捕捉主题 句,因为一些显性的答案是可以从主题句中直接回答,而隐性的答案则是要通过对全篇的理解才能得出。 中考英语各题型答题技巧 主题句一般具有以下特征: ①概括全段思想。 ②一般位于段首、段尾或位于段中,它通常是用单词、短语表达的。 ③解这种题目时,不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义,需要在细读全文的基础上,结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识等推理、判断,从而获取文章中内隐的信息。 中考英语各题型答题技巧 主旨题常见的命题形式: ①The main idea of this text may be …… . ②This passage is mainly about …… . ③ The author's purpose in writing this text …… . ④Which of the following is the best title for the passage? ⑤ What’s the topic of the text? ⑥The passage gives us is … ... 中考英语各题型答题技巧 典型例题 北京市中考题阅读理解C篇 第四题: The greatest help the passage gives us is ____. A. to introduce a food guide to the world B. to provide us with knowledge of six food groups C. to suggest a way of eating for a healthy life D. to find the main cause of some serious diseases 答案为C。不同的饮食习惯给我们的健康生活带来了不同的影响,而不是提供各种类型食物的知识等,因此不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义,选择其它的选项。 中考英语各题型答题技巧 2、推断题 这种题目有一定难度,往往不能直接从文中找到答案,而必须根据上下文及其 相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后,才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的态度、观点、意图、语气等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理,这些题目一般都是深层意义的题目,他们没有明示,大多数属于模糊性的,甚至是模棱两可。解答这类题时,要求同学予以高度重视注意从话题出发,充分运用自己的逻辑思维能力,从文章的内在含义和字里行间中,从作者的态度和取向中获取信息,做出正确的判断。 中考英语各题型答题技巧 应特别注意以下特征: ①吃透文章的表层意思,是推理的前提和基础; ②推理的根据来自于上下文; ③不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点; ④在提问中常用的词有suggest,mean,infer(推断),from the fact,indicate(暗示) conclusion,probably,likely,reason,because,according to"等。 推断题常有的命题形式: ① It can be known from the text that … . ② From the text we know that … . ③ The story implies that … . ④ The paragraph following the passage will most probably be … . ⑤ The writer suggests that … . 中考英语各题型答题技巧 典型例题 北京市海淀区中考试题阅读理解C篇 第三题:It can be learned from the last paragraph (段落) that ____. A.you are supposed to follow your parents’ words B.students should not listen to music before exams C.you have some good reasons to exercise to music D.music might help you to get higher grades in tests 根据文中:A study showed students who listened to Mozart went on to score higher marks in an intelligence test. 这一个信息得知,科学家研究发现,凡是听莫扎特音乐的同学在智力测试中不断获得更高的分数。因而答案为D. 中考英语各题型答题技巧 3、事实细节题 在阅读理解题中,又有相当一部分属于事实或细节题,下面仅就这类题的正确解法作简要说明。首先是直接理解性题目,这种题目比较简单,只要通读全文,了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节,就可以解答出来,有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案; 另外还有一些题目要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释或需要对有关的上下文提供的语境和信息、甚至对整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解和判断。 中考英语各题型答题技巧 典型例题 北京市中考题阅读理解 C 篇 第三题: Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. More and more people have good eating habits now. B. Parents’eating habits are important to their children. C. Good eating habits develop only when you are young. D. The more fruit and vegetables we eat, the longer we will live. 这道题答案为B。文中:When parents have poor eating habits, their children usually do, too. After all, children eat the same way as their parents. 父母的饮食习惯不断地影响着孩子,因此对孩子非常重要。对于这类型的题只要通读全文,了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节,就可以解答出来。 中考英语各题型答题技巧 4、猜测词意题 这类问题主要考察学生两方面能力。根据上下文推测和判断生词、短语或句子在阅读材料中的含义,即利用我们所熟悉的词或短语和上下文中的已知部分进行逻辑上的推理,有时还需依靠常识和经验。 猜词的活动是阅读中经常遇到的,阅读理解题目中的作为干扰项出现的错误选项,一般多是学生比较熟悉、想当然的词典意义,或者适应学生习惯的汉语思维方式; 而正确的含义往往不只是词典上的,而是要通过上下文内容的提示才能确定的。 中考英语各题型答题技巧 解这类题时应注意以下特点: ①注意一些过渡词语,如that is, this is, in other words等,它们直接引出了同义解释; ②注意连接词及被猜测的词前后的因果,让步,递进,转折,列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。 ③注意同义词、近义词、反义词、同位语、定语从句,相似或相反的结构等。 ④对于句中首字母或全部是大写的单词,应该猜出可能是专有名词(人名、地名、组织等),因此拼读有时是最合适的方法。 中考英语各题型答题技巧 典型例题 北京市海淀区中考试题阅读理解C篇 第一题:The underlined word enhance can be replaced by _______. A. impress B. improve C. provide D. produce 由上句improve一词可猜出enhance也是“提高”之意 又如:北京市西城区中考试卷阅读理解D篇 第二题: “Flattened wheat” means _______ . A. broken wheat B. lying wheat C. harvested wheat D. growing wheat 此题是依据该短语前面的句子:Some of his wheat was lying on the ground .此外,还有明确的信息:The wheat in the circles lies on the ground but is never broken ; 由此我们推测出“Flattened wheat”是lying wheat而不是broken wheat。 中考英语各题型答题技巧 二、一般阅读文章的十大考点 1、列举处常考 细节题,特别是Which型和Except型; 2、转折处和对比处常考 However, but, yet, in fact, although, 转折:unlike,until, however, but等。 3、例子常考 推断题和细节题 as, such as, for example, for instance, i.e. etc. 4、数字和年代常考 文中的数字、年代和日期常常是命题的重点。 5、最高级和绝对性词汇常考 答案具有唯一性 must, all, only, anyone, always, never,或most,first. 中考英语各题型答题技巧 6、专有名词常考 人名、地名等专有名词 7、细节处常考 细节题 同位语,插入语,定语,长句的后半句,从句,副词,介词,不定式。 8、因果句常考 推断题 因果连词:because,since, for, as, therefore, so, consequently etc 因果动词:cause,result in,originate from, etc 因果名词:base,basis, result, consequence. etc 9、段落中心句常考 主题题和细节题 段首句和文尾句往往是作者表达中心思想和进行总结综述之处, 10、 特殊标点常考 细节题 破折号、括号、冒号表示解释,引号表示引用 中考英语各题型答题技巧 三、正确答案的二十个特征 1、体现中心思想(包括段落中心)的多是答案 2、原句重复出现,200%错。正确的都是有改动的,即同意替换。 3、 含义不肯定的大多是答案,如:can could may usually might most more or less relatively be likely to 含义绝对的大多不是答案: must always never the most all any none entirely 含义相反的大多是答案 4、具体的不是答案,概括性的、抽象的大多是答案 5、带有some的大多是答案:someone somebody sometime something certain 中考英语各题型答题技巧 6、简单的大多不是答案,复杂的是答案,字面意思不是答案,含义深刻的大多是答案 7、带虚词的大多是答案: another other more either both also beside additional extra different same particular nearly not enough 8、“变化”大多是答案:change delay improve postpone increase 9、“重要的、基础的”大多是答案:important necessity essential basis be based on 10、文章是按顺序出题的。你要觉得不是,就是你做错了。 中考英语各题型答题技巧 11、用文章里举例的句子来作为选项,直接排除。200%错。(要有能辨别这个选项是不是文章中例子的能力)。 12、某某人说的话,或者是带引号的,一定要高度重视。尤其是在段落的后半部分。很有可能就是某个问题的同意替换。即题眼。 13、每段的第一句很重要。尤其总分结构的段。有的时候第一句话就是题眼。 14、很关键的一条,抓住每段的中心意思,也就是中心句。每段至少一句,最多2句。 15、若文章首段以why为开头的,这里若设题的话,选项里有because的,往往就是正确选项。不过这种类型的题,很少见了。 中考英语各题型答题技巧 16、正确选项都是原文中的个别几个词的同义替换。阅读理解历年的所有真题,都是同意替换!就看你能不能找得到。 17、每一个问题,在原文中,都要有一个定位。然后精读,找出那个中心句或者关键词。 18、在应该出现答案的地方,没有答案。接着往下读。答案可能会在下一段的开头部分。因为文章都是接着说的。要有连贯性。 19、注意几个词,yet表转折,hardly表否定。while有时是比较,有时也表转折。比较的时候,注意比较的对象,要弄清楚。转折的时候,你要知道作者对什么进行了转折。 20、选项中出现ONLY的,目前还没有对的。 对于中考生来说,想要在英语试卷中考出高分,除了需要掌握一定的技巧和方法外,对于最基础的知识也不能忽视。也就是对于词汇量、语法等的知识,必须也要清楚。 中考英语各题型答题技巧 五、补全对话 补全对话是考查学生交际应用英语的能力。平时练习中要注意以下几点: 1、避开族语。答题时,语言要得体,表达要地道。 2、应将一些常见情景下经常运用的句型、词组背熟,比如,问路、看病、邀请等常规用语。 3、语言实践与思维训练相结合。 语言是思维的体现,只有语言能以最快的速度表现思维的时候,人们才能流利地、有效地进行表达。答题时,依据语言环境补全对话。 中考英语各题型答题技巧 六、书面表达 1、认真审题:弄清楚该题目究竟要表达什么,吃透要求,选好人称、有提示词,不要漏掉提示词语。 2、语言地道:尽量使用你初中读本中学过的句子、常用的短语、习惯用法。表达要正确。 3、不要跑题:理解脉络,抓住重点。 4、仔细检查:注意时态、语态、人称是否上下文一致,单词是否有单复数的错误,拼写的错误,字数是否达到要求等。 1 . 仔细审题,根据写作要求、提示材料或图示,确立主题,人称和时态 , 列出要点。 2 . 根据要点列提纲 , 对全文通篇考虑。 用上所有提示语 ( 完整、准确 ) ,按 要求适当发挥 。发挥部分符合全文逻辑。 3 . 注意: a . 表达方式多样化 ( 适当使用关联词 and, th e n, but, however, what’s more, besides, worst of all, best of all, to make things worse 及从句 ) ; b . 用语准确,多用熟悉的具体的词汇来行文; c . 文章字数符合要求;务必 认真誊写 。 (卷面情况直接影响老师打分心情,力求做到字迹工整、清晰; 大小写 、 标点符号 、 词间距 要规范) 中考 英语是在下午的2:30-4:30进行的,时间共2小时,120分钟,尽管2个小时,可能有些学生还是觉得时间不够用,要是按正常的答题顺序去做题,很多同学到了收卷子的时候最可能没做完的是作文。我觉得这个非常遗憾,没写完的作文一般是拿不到高分的,而作文一共15分,是最容易拉开分数的题型。所以,安排做题顺序 和时间 对于你的得分其实是非常重要的。 中考英语各题型时间安排 1 、听力:中考英语会提前半个小时入场,先有试听,所以英语听力有足够的时间。正式考试时,听力需要15 -18 分钟左右。 2 、 8 个选择题:大概是 3-5 分钟。 3 、完形填空: AB 两部分,需要 20-25 分钟的时间。 4 、阅读共四段,需要 30-35 分钟左右(答案全在文中,仔细找)。 5 、补全对话: 3 分钟左右 6 、作文:20分钟左右 剩余 14 分钟左右,用来补做难题和检查 (前面没的题做得越快越好,保证质量,为后面积累时间) 中考英语各题型时间安排 Wish you a great success and good luck!查看更多