初中8年级英语教案：第15讲 首字母填空技巧点拨

初中8年级英语教案：第15讲 首字母填空技巧点拨

辅导教案 学员姓名： 学科教师：‎ 年 级： 八年级 辅导科目：英语 ‎ 授课日期 ‎××年××月××日 时 间 A / B / C / D / E / F段 主 题 首字母填空技巧点拨 教学内容 ‎（本次课的重点、难点以及达到怎样的情感目标）‎ ‎1.掌握首字母填空的解题技巧；‎ ‎2.能根据上下文准确判断出所缺单词的意思；‎ ‎3.能选用正确的单词形式填空。‎ 教学建议： ‎ 建议老师采取竞赛PK的形式，看谁能在限定的时间内找出最多的单词。‎ Crossword Puzzle!‎ 教学建议： ‎ 首字母练习中老师要注意培养学生上下文语境的能解能力及发散思维的能力。在解题中充分了解学生的解题思路，明白学生错题原因，针对学生的错误点重点讲解和引导。‎ 首字母填空 一、解题步骤 ‎ 二、技巧详解 ‎1. 浏览全文，把握大意 ‎ Ø 首先要对文章内容有个总体把握。要通读首字母填空的短文，跳过空格快速阅读，了解全篇的主要内容。‎ Ø 其次要重视文中的主题句。首字母填空选用的短文一般不给标题，但短文的主题句，往往在每段文章的首句，有时也出现在文章的中间或结束处。主题句提供全篇的性质、大意等，这是深入了解全文的“窗口”。我们甚至能以主题句为立足点，从该句的时态、语气推测全文的主要内容。‎ Ø 再次，要利用语境进行联想。利用上下文的提示，用学过的知识和已有的生活经验，扫清部分词汇理解上的障碍。‎ 中考真题 ² ‎2012 年中考首字母 The 2012 London Olympic Games are on the way. You may have a nice trip in London with the help of the following information.‎ The underground is fast and convenient. ‎ Travelling by bus is a good way to see the city, especially from the top of a double-decker bus.‎ Take a train to visit places outside London, like Hampton Court and Windsor Castle. ‎ London's black taxis are f 89 . ‎ The "river bus" leaves from Westminster Pier and stops at different places between Westminster and Greenwich Pier.‎ Don't drive your car in London! ‎ There aren't many good bicycle lanes in London.‎ The best way to visit the city! But look right and left before you cross a street. ‎ ² ‎2011年中考首字母 Often, doctors tell some people to go on diets (节食). The doctors hope the diets will make the people feel b1 . They hope the diets will make the people healthy. ‎ Alana was on a diet, but she didn't like it at all. ‎ Then the doctor put Frank on a diet. It was a different kind of diet.‎ ² ‎2010 年中考首字母 A survey has been published which shows that British people don't like their neighbours very much.‎ According to the survey, the b___3____ problem is noise. ‎ The other main problems are disagreements (不和) about car parking spaces, and old people complaining about the young.     ‎ Another survey shows that 90% of the neighbours never share a meal, 80% have never had a drink t____6___ and 20% have never even spoken. ‎ One solution to such problems is to talk about them with a professional organization and, if necessary, to sign a written agreement. ‎ ‎2. 熟记短语，注重语境 Ø 短语经常会出现在首字母填空的考题中，如果平时能注意词组、短语的整体记忆，掌握它们的搭配规律，在做首字母填空时就能得心应手，减少失误。另外，词语搭配也值得注意。从语法角度来说，句子不是词的序列，而是词组的序列。 如：save the money(2008年中考)，have an interesting talk with（2007年中考），a few year ago(2006年中考)等。‎ Ø 但从历年中考的试题看，注重上下文的关系对解题显得更为重要。‎ 真题示例—熟记短语 ² So what makes people think and behave in certain ways?‎ Part of the reason is that people are born like this. A baby gets its blood type, genes（基因）and other physical things when it’s still inside its mother. These things may help decide what the baby will be l__88____. ‎ Key: 88. like ² You can collect anything, from stamps to toys to football match programmes to old photos. In fact, some people have ‎ extraordinary (不寻常的) collections.‎ For example, Robert Opie collects things we usually t 89 away, things like old newspapers, sweet papers and boxes. He has more than a quarter of a million things in his collection and you can find some of them in his own museum in Gloucester, UK…‎ When Stuart Graham from Sydney, Australia died aged 87, he left b 90 some extraordinary collections. His son Andy only discovered Stuart was a keen collector when he found a collection of over 5,000 old bus tickets, 3,000 old match boxes and 1,000 toy soldiers. ‎ Keys: 89. throw 90. behind ² ‎“Sorry,” his friend interrupted (打断). “Today I’m going wherever the wind blows.” This answer was so d____91____ ‎ from the boy’s expectation (预期) that he had nothing to say. Later, the boy told his mother about it. His mother said, “You should ask him what he would do if there were no wind.” ‎ Key: different ² The written word is one of the most powerful forms of expression. Classic literature (经典文学)written many ‎ years ‎ ago still has the power to educate people. Many people find it difficult to read the classics. In fact, reading the classics can be fun especially as you grow up and d ‎86 a deeper understanding of the world…‎ key: develop Read for enjoyment. Classic literature should be read for enjoyment as well as education. Look for the works by authors you are f 87 with or have heard about through movies or TV. Choose the type of classic literature that you enjoy reading from past experience. ‎ Key: familiar ‎ ² think about/of/over ² keep/enjoy/practice/finish doing ² at least/most ‎ ² either…or/ neither…nor/ both…and ² be thankful to ² be different from ² be familiar to/with ² be pleased/satisfied with ² be filled with/ be full of 高频短语 真题演练：‎ ² When cartoon characters like the Incredible Hulk get angry, they change colors and often get special power. In the real ‎ w____88____, anger is less obvious…‎ They also have fewer headaches, lower blood pressure (血压), and fewer problems on sleeping. So it doesn’t m____91____ if your anger is caused by the traffic or other things. Learning to let it go is important. Ways such as d____92____ breath can help you a lot, or just ask yourself if it’s worth hurting yourself by staying angry with someone else. ‎ Keys: world; matter; deep ‎ ‎ ² In all, 50% of Wayview students get to school in a vehicle, e 88 the bus or a car. ‎ Key: either ² I really like reading and writing short stories. These stories are usually about 6 to 20 pages long which f 86 on an interesting person, a problem which the person had, and what happened when the person tried to solve the problem. All societies seem to have an oral storytelling tradition in which people met t 87 to tell each other short stories, and in which parents told their children stories at bedtime. ‎ Keys: focus together ² Stress is a normal physical response to things that make people feel worried. In China, 70 percent of the 2,000 students about to take the college or high school entrance examination are under high stress, according to a recent ‎ s 87 by Wuhan University of Hubei province. ‎ Key:　survey/study 真题示例—注重语境 长宁 ² I also like reading novels. One of my favourite novels is called Life of Pi. It is written by a Canadian called Yann Martel, and is about an Indian boy who spends a long time at sea after a shipwreck (海难) a 91____ with nobody but a tiger. What about you? Do you have a favourite novel? ‎ Key:　91. alone ‎ 金山 ² Sometimes stress is good for people. It p 88 people to do their best, like while getting ready before a big competition or exam…‎ When you feel stressed, there are some ways you can deal with it. Learning to work out small problems in everyday life is h 90 . It can help build confidence to move on to life’s bigger ones. ‎ Key:　88. pushes 　　91. helpful 闵行 ² In August, it is very hot and wet in the southern part of the United States. People there have heart trouble and other kinds of health problems such as headache and sore throat etc. during this month. In the Northeast and Middle West, it is very hot at some times and very cold at other times. People in these states have more heart trouble because of the c____86____ weather in February or March…‎ Key:　changeable The weather can influence intelligence…‎ Weather a____89____ has strong influence on people’s feelings. Winter may be a bad time for thin people. They usually feel cold during the months. They might feel unhappy during cold weather. But fat people have a hard time in hot s____90____. At a temperature of about 18 oC, people become stronger and feel best…‎ Low air pressure (压力) may make people f____91____. People leave more bags on buses and in shops on low air pressure days. ‎ Key:　also summer forgetful ‎ 真题演练 普陀 ² ‎“There is no love which is more sincere than the love of food,” said Anglo-Irish writer George Bernard Shaw. Like Bernard Shaw, many writers e 86 food very much, and they say and write interesting things about it. Key:　enjoy ‎ 奉贤 ² But one’s personality doesn’t stop here. Family life, school learning and life experience can also make you the person you are. This doesn’t mean it’s i 89 to change your personality. You can always try to make yourself better… ‎ Key:　impossible If you don’t know how to make friends, find out why. Is it because you are too s 91 ? Tell yourself to smile at people. Start talking to people using warm greetings. ‎ Key:　shy 虹口 ² ‎“Nine o’clock, too. And I go home for lunch and dinner, just as if I worked at an office.” His words s____88____ me, because every time I ride in a taxi, what I hear from the driver is only complaints. They complain that they have to work from morning till night, that it is hard to earn money, that they are bullied(欺负)by the police, or that the leaders enjoy the fruits of their work… ‎ Key:　88. surprised ‎ I don’t like management work. I like driving, just out of pleasure. It’s lucky that I s___90____ drive without a passenger. So I can earn three or four thousand yuan a month easily. Any trick? Yes, I never follow an e___91____taxi. If it goes southward, I go northward. If it goes along the highway, I turn into a narrow street. In this way I always get customers.”‎ ‎　　Key:　90. seldom 91. empty 92. simple ‎3. 关注语法，合乎逻辑 语法知识对做好首字母填空十分重要。词汇根据语法规则确定各自的位置。如 ①介词后的代词必然是宾格；②物质名词一般不用复数；③形容词必须放在不定代词后；④行为动词的否定句和疑问句应由助动词do构成；⑤情态动词后加动词原形等。‎ 真题示例 ² Fourth grade student Wesley Gibson explained, “The bus is the best way to get to school. I can relax and chat with my friends while the bus driver does all the work. S 86 I even finish my homework on the bus!” Another 25% of Wayview students are d 87 to school by their parents every day…‎ Key:　Sometimes driven Fifth-grader Alexis Wang is one of the 20% of Wayview students who walk to school each day. She said, “Walking to school is better than the bus or car because you get m 89 exercise.” Another 20% of Wayview students ride their bikes. Chris Madsen said he likes riding his bike because “it’s faster than walking, and you can race with your friends.”… ‎ Key:　89. more The last group of Wayview students get to school by riding scooters. The number of students riding scooters to school has i 90 . Last year, only 5% of the students rode scooters, and this year it’s 10%. ‎ Key:　increased ² When there is only one parent, of course the responsibilities of looking after the children are much h____89____ for him or her. They have to work out all the things by themselves. They just hope that everything goes right ‎ every day. ‎ Key:　heavier/harder ² The next day the boy was e____89____ to see his friend coming towards him. “Where are you going?” he asked, and without w____90____ for an answer, he continued, “Wherever your legs take you, right? Well, let me ask you…” ‎ Key:　excited waiting ² Understand how the story takes place. Classic literature is often hard to understand and contains difficult character development. Don’t give up r 91 till you finish the whole story and take notes if necessary. ‎ Understand the use of footnotes(脚注) in literature. Classic literature is full of references to social and culture information of the past. Footnotes may be used to explain these references c 92 and make the material easier to understand. ‎ Key:　91. reading 92. clearly ² the +形容词最高级 ² much/even + 比较级 ² have/has + 过去分词 ² 介词 + doing (for/of/with/without/to)‎ ² 副词修饰动词 ² 介词+代词（宾格）‎ ² 感官动词+ 形容词 (adj.)‎ ² 被动语态 (be done)‎ 高频考点 真题演练：‎ 浦东新区 ² The studies find that people who are able to forgive feel less stress, less back pain, and less depression. They also have fewer headaches, l____90____ blood pressure (血压), and fewer problems on sleeping. ‎ Key:　lower 松江 ² Barcodes(条形码) change as well. Barcodes in the past were 1-D, but now there are 2-D barcodes, such as QR code. Since 2009, QR has been used on Chinese train tickets. People can enter stadiums, cinemas and theaters by h 91 certain types of barcodes…‎ If you find these barcode things boring, a barcode building might be more up your street. In St Petersburg, Russia, there is a building designed like a barcode. It l 92 strange, but it’s actually a shopping mall. There are games too. Barcode Monsters is a mobile phone game. You have to scan barcodes and find the monsters!‎ Key:　91. holding 92. looks 长宁 ² In many countries, oral storytelling is still important, but in most countries now, stories are written down and p ‎88 in books. My favorite collection of short stories is a book called The Story Giant by Brian Patten in which a giant knows all the stories in the world e 89 one…‎ 时态, 人称, 数 Not many people read plays these days, but many people still enjoy watching them at the theatre or on television. Perhaps the l 92 popular form of literature (文学) is poetry. This is because many poems are very difficult to understand, and often seem to be written and read by very clever people. I wish I could write poems which anybody can understand.‎ Key:　时态, 人称, 数 88. published/printed 89. except 92. least ‎4. 细心检查，避免疏漏 完成填空后，要细心检查每一个填空处是否有笔误或疏漏的地方。有些同学为自己全部填出了而沾沾自喜，常常不是少了s，就是忘了加ed，这是很可惜的。‎ Reading I. Read the passage and fill the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给) (14分) (2014长宁区一模)‎ Imagine this: romance is all around you, you have met and fallen in love with the most wonderful person. The only trouble is, you are not at home, you are in a completely different part of the w 81 . How do you let that special person know how you feel?‎ France The only place to say 'JE T'AIME' (I love you) is on a Paris bridge in the moonlight. If you really want to go for true French style, you will need to dress very smartly and go to a fashionable French restaurant a 82 you have said the magical words.‎ Japan The cherry blossom season is the most romantic time of a year in Japan. I 83 your boyfriend / girlfriend in the politest way possible (you should always be as polite as possible in Japan!), set up a nice little picnic u 84 a cherry blossom tree and say 'SUKYO'‎ Russia It might be minus 6 degrees when you say 'YA TYEBYA LYUBLYU', but the s 85 will be falling around you in St Petersburg. There is no scene more romantic, and you won't even feel the cold — your heart will be so w 86 inside!‎ Indonesia Go surfing on the Indonesia waters of Sumatra and see the boy or girl of your dreams. Wake up to a beautiful ‎ sunrise, go surfing in the cool waters all day and r 87 in the evenings. Anytime is OK to say 'SAYA CINTA PADAMU'!‎ Wherever you come from, only say 'I love you' when you truly mean it. They may only be three little words, but they are powerful words in any language!‎ Key:　81. world 82. after 83. Invite 84. under 85. snow ‎　　　86. warm 87. rest 教学建议：‎ 1． 规定学生必须在20分钟内完成；‎ 2． 相互交换批改，表扬正确率最高的学生；‎ 3． 做对的学生给做错的学生讲题；‎ 4． 让每个学生简单总结一下错误原因及应该注意的问题。‎ PART I. Read the passage and fill the blanks with proper words (初三12年一模 徐汇)‎ ‎(A)‎ Some people believe that schools will not be necessary in the near future. They say that because of the Internet and other new technology, there is no need for school buildings, classes or t 86 . Perhaps this will be true one day, but if the world had no schools, I couldn’t imagine how our society would be. ‎ In fact, we should learn how to use new technology to make schools b 87 . We should invent a new kind of school that is l 88 to libraries, museums, science centers, labs and even companies. Companies should create learning programs for schools. Scientists could give talks t 89 the Internet. TV networks and local TV stations could develop programs about the students who are studying at school. Labs could set up websites to show new technology so that students could see it on the Internet. ‎ Is this a d 90 ? No. This is beginning to happen in many cities. In those cities, learning can take place at home, at school and in the office. Businesses provide programs for schools and society. Schools provide computer labs for people with their own computers at home. Everyone can visit faraway libraries and museums as easily as n 91 ones and everyone can go on the Internet, and older people use it as much as younger ones. How will this new kind of school c 92 the usual way of learning? It is too early to be sure, but it is very exciting to think about it. ‎ Key:　86.teachers 　87. better 88.linked 　89. Through　90. dream/daydream　91. nearby 92. change ‎(B) (松江)‎ Shopping used to mean actually going to shops, but nowadays, you can shop without even leaving your house. Just sit in front of your computer, click your mouse and your t 86 will be sent to your house in a matter of days.‎ Nov 11 is a big day for people who like shopping online. Many online stores offered a big discount and free deliver s 87 . On that day, the biggest online shopping sites in China, Taobao.com and Tmall.com, sold things worth 19.1 billion yuan in total.‎ ‎“Goods online are often much c 88 . It also saves me a lot of time. And we often have more choices on many online stores than in shopping malls,” Wang Xin, an online shopping lover in Beijing, said to China Daily.‎ A 89 big advantage of online is that it helps people get things from different cities, even different countries, with ease. “I like eating duck neck very much and I often buy it on Taobao from shops in Wuhan. It’s much more delicious than what our local stores sell,” said Zhang Xi, a girl in Yangzhou.‎ While enjoying online shopping, many people a 90 have worries, especially for middle school student buyers. Young students are easily a 91 by advertisements on the Internet and buy things they don’t need. ‎ ‎“Middle school students should pay more attention to their study. Searching for things ‎ w 92 their time,” said Jing Chunling, and education expert. “Online shop owners have no idea of the ages of their buyers. It’s dangerous when young students can buy things such as cigarettes and wines so easily.‎ Key:　86. things 87. service 88. cheaper 89. Another 90. also 91. attracted ‎ ‎　　　92. wastes PART II 语法综合 （2012静安一模）‎ 1. Lisa is ________ exchange student from Britain, but she knows a lot about China.‎ A) a B) an C) the D) /‎ 2. Though Mary’s son is ________ average height, he is a star in a basketball team.‎ A) for B) with C) of D) by 3. Lili’s wish is to become a doctor when she grows up. What is ______, Sam?‎ A) you B) yours C) your D) yourself 4. I’m afraid this pair of glasses is too expensive. Would you show me ______ pair?‎ A) another B) other C) others D) the other 5. This kind of beef from India tastes _________. We don’t like it at all.‎ A) delicious B) good C) well D) awful 6. In her opinion, short-term memory doesn’t work as ______ as long-term memory.‎ A) well B) good C) better D) best 7. Some frightening pets ________ be kept home so that they won’t hurt others.‎ A) can B) may C) must D) need 8. ‎________ convenient it is to send and receive e-mails on the iPhone5!‎ A) What B) How C) What a D) How a 9. Parents should always keep an eye on little children, ________ they can easily get hurt.‎ A) so B) but C) and D) or 10. You are not allowed to enter the exhibition ________ you have a ticket.‎ A) if B) when C) unless D) because 1. We can hardly tell what life without the Internet will be like in the future, ________?‎ A) can we B) can’t we C) will it D) won’t it 2. Listen! Mr. Wang ________ his speech on “Cormorant fishing in the past” now.‎ A) will prepare B) prepared C) was preparing D) is preparing 3. Pansy agrees one of the basic ways ________ our memory is to use the link method.‎ A) improving B) to improve C) improve D) improved ‎ 4. Nancy‎ ________ many interesting stories about Damin since she visited the village last year.‎ A) has read B) was reading C) read D) had read 5. Jenny denied ________ the magazines out of the reading room yesterday afternoon.‎ A) take B) took C) taking D) to take 6. It’ll be a great honour if I ________ to the charity evening party next week.‎ A) invite B) will invite C) will be invited D) am invited 7. ‎–Tom doesn’t know how to draw a comic row of pictures. ‎ ‎– ________‎ A) So do I. B) So am I. C) Neither do I. D) Neither am I.‎ 8. Could you tell me ________ find another interesting detective story to read?‎ A) where I can B) where can I C) where I could D) where could I 9. ‎– Have a nice winter holiday, Ellen!‎ ‎– ________‎ A) Good idea. B) The same to you. C) My pleasure. D) That’s all right.‎ 10. ‎ –You are so busy today. Anything I can do for you? ‎ ‎– ________‎ A) Yes, you can. B) Of course. C) You’re welcome. D) Thanks, but I can manage.‎ Key:　BCBAD ACBDC ADBAC DCABD ‎（以学生自我总结为主，TR引导为辅，为本次课做一个总结回顾）‎ 首字母填空的解题技巧：‎ ‎1. 浏览全文，把握大意 ‎ ‎2. 熟记短语，注重语境 ‎3. 关注语法，合乎逻辑 ‎4. 细心检查，避免疏漏 ‎1. 包含预习下次课单词与短语和复习本次课内容两部分； ‎ ‎2. 规定学生在30分钟内完成；‎ ‎3. 要求学生对不确定有疑问的题目做标记；‎ ‎4．下节新课前让学生相互批改表扬正确率最高的学生；‎ ‎5．让作对的学生给做错的学生讲题，老师进行补充；‎ ‎6．老师对错误率较高的题目相关的知识点进行复习。‎ ‎【巩固练习】‎ I. Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案): (共20分) (2012普陀区一模)‎ ‎1. Paul told me that he had bought a new flat on ________ phone.‎ ‎ A) a B) an C) the D) /‎ ‎2. The Grade 9 students took exams ________ Christmas Day this year. ‎ ‎ A) on B) at C) to D) in ‎3. I asked my friends to help ________ to the fruit and snacks.‎ ‎ A) they B) them C) their D) themselves ‎4. We need to go shopping. There is ________ juice left in the fridge.‎ ‎ A) little B) few C) many D) much ‎5. A surprising ending can add excitement ________ a film. ‎ ‎ A) for B)to C) at D) on ‎6. I could hear calling to me, but I didn’t know who he was. ‎ ‎ A) everyone B) someone C) anyone D) nobody ‎7. You’d better not stay outdoors in this kind of weather, you?‎ ‎ A) do B) don’t C) had D) hadn’t ‎8. The road near my home has been rebuilt. It’s much and noisier.‎ ‎ A) wide B) wider C) widest D) the widest ‎ ‎9. He’s not in now. Would you like to leave a message ________ call again later?‎ ‎ A) and B) but C) so D) or ‎10. Joan says she won’t buy a car ________ she passes the driving test.‎ ‎ A) unless B) because C) since D) if ‎11. Ben started his business in his twenties and became after years of hard work.‎ ‎ A) succeed B) success C) successful D) successfully ‎12. It is really comfortable ________ in an air-conditioned classroom in summer.‎ ‎ A) study B) to study C) studying D) studied ‎13. The Greens ________ several times since they came to work in this city.‎ ‎ A) move B) moved C) have moved D) are moving ‎ ‎14. Jenny will stay with a Canadian family when she ________ for a further study next year.‎ ‎ A) goes B) go C) will go D) has gone ‎15. Jessica’s parents always encourage her ________ out her opinions.‎ ‎ A) speak B) speaking C) to speak D) will speak ‎16. I like traveling very much. My hope is ________ around the world one day. ‎ A) travel B) traveled C) will travel D) to travel ‎17. —The manager says there’s no hot water after 8:00p.m. ‎ ‎ —You mean we ________ go to bed without a shower. How terrible!‎ ‎ A) have to B) may C) must D) can ‎18. Cathy enjoys ________ her grandchildren playing with her pets in the garden. ‎ ‎ A) watch B) watching C) to watch D) watches ‎19. — Sorry I’m late, but the bus broke down. ‎ ‎— I’ve just got here myself. ‎ ‎ A) That’s all right. 　　B) Thank you very much. ‎ C) You’re welcome. D) I think you’re right.‎ ‎20. — My son had an accident this morning. He fell down some stairs.‎ ‎— ________ How did it happen?‎ ‎ A) Don’t mention it. B) It sounds so strange.‎ ‎ C) It doesn’t matter. D) I’m sorry to hear that.‎ Key:　CADAB BCBDA CBCAC DABAD II. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给) (14分) (2012中考真题)‎ The 2012 London Olympic Games are on the way. You may have a nice trip in London with the help of the following information.‎ Getting around in London By ‎ underground The underground is fast and convenient. There is a station every few blocks. Underground trains run from 5:‎30 a.m. to 12:00 midnight. You can get to any place e 86 .‎ By bus Travelling by bus is a good way to see the city, especially from the top of a double-decker bus. There is always a bus stop nearby. There are special tickets for c 87 under the age of 12.‎ By train Take a train to visit places outside London, like Hampton Court and Windsor Castle. You can use a Travelcard on the underground, buses and most trains. To p 88 your journey, get a map from the railway stations, take some time to think about the places you want to visit.‎ By taxi London's black taxis are f 89 . Many visitors to London know they are good and comfortable. They Will cost you a few pounds, though. Take a taxi once, for the experience.‎ By b 90 ‎ The "river bus" leaves from Westminster Pier and stops at different places between Westminster and Greenwich Pier. A good way to see the city from the ‎ River Thames.‎ By car Don't drive your car in London! Car parks are very e 91 . You have to pay a special congestion charge (拥堵费) to drive your car into the city centre.‎ By bike There aren't many good bicycle lanes in London. Cycling with a large guided group is better than r 92 alone.‎ On foot ‎ The best way to visit the city! But look right and left before you cross a street. There are many beautiful sights waiting for you.‎ Key:　86. easily 87. children 88. plan 89. famous 90. boat 91. expensive 92. riding ‎ ‎【预习思考】‎ Writing (作文) (共20分) (2013中考真题)‎ Write at least 60 words about the topic “How to protect myself”. (以”如何保护自己”为题，写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。)‎ 提示：自我保护是青少年需要掌握的重要技能。请谈谈你在生活中怎样进行自我保护(可结合生活中的某一个情景或具体事例，如：面对灾难如何自救，如何预防受骗或侵害，如何避免生活中的意外，等等)。 ‎ Phrases for reference(以下短语仅供参考)：ask…for help calm down in danger prevent. . . from ‎(注意：文中不得出现具体人名、校名等个人信息，否则不予评分。)‎ ‎_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________‎ ‎_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________‎ ‎_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________‎ ‎_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________‎ ‎_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________‎ ‎_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________‎ ‎_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________‎ ‎_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________‎ ‎_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________‎ ‎_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________‎ ‎_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________‎ ‎_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________‎ ‎_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________‎