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2011高考英语语法非谓语动词讲解及习题附答案
非谓语动词 非谓语动词:包括不定式to do,动名词doing,过去分词done及现在分词doing. 动词不定式: 1.作主语或表语。 1) It is hard _____ a high mountain.(climb) (不定式作主语,常用it作形式主语。) 2) The only way to reach the edge of the forest ___ the narrow dirt path in front of us. A. was to take B. was to taking C. will take D. was taken (不定式作表语,常用来说明主语内容。) 2.某些动词后须跟不定式to do作宾语: e.g. afford, agree, decide, demand, offer, determine, hope, expect, wish, happen, fail, manage, desire, long(渴望), plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, intend, seem;… 3.某些动词后须用不定式作宾补v.+n.+to do e.g. advise, allow, permit, forbid, ask, beg, cause, choose, drive(驱使), enable, encourage, expect, wish, force, get, invite, prefer, tell, think, want, warn, order, require, call on, depend on… 4.动词let, have, make, notice, watch, observe, feel, hear, see, 后用动词原形作宾补. 如改为被动语态,省掉的to要还原。 e.g. I heard Mary sing last night. Mary was heard to sing last night. 5.某些结构后面要用省to的不定式(即动词原形): would/had rather, would you please, had better, rather than(而不是) … 6.不定式作定语时,与其修饰的名词有主谓关系或动宾关系。 e.g. 1) I haven’t decided which hotel ______. A. to stay B. to be stayed at C. to stay at D. for staying 2) The old scientist has been invited to a party _____ next Monday evening. A. holding B. held C. to be held D. being held 3) Little Betty found __________. A. with no one to play B. no one to play with C. no one to be played with D. no one to play 4) a. Mr Smith is the very doctor ______. b. Mr Smith is the very doctor for you __. A. to be sent for B. to send for C. sending for D. to be sent 7.疑问词+不定式 to do:相当于一个名词从句,常用来作主语,表语,宾语或状语。 e.g. He doesn’t know____ to stay or not. A. if B. either C. whether D. if he will Last summer I took a course on _____. A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made C. how to be made dresses D. how are dresses made 不定式的省略: ---Did your brother go to the party? ---No, but he _______. A. planned it B. planned to C. planned so D. planned 形容词easy, difficult, hard, fit后的动词不定式用主动形式表被动意义。 e.g. I found the German Language hard _____. A. to be learned B. to learn C. learned D. learning 动名词doing的用法: 1.作主语:动名词表一种抽象的和泛指的概念,而不定式表一次性的,具体的动作。 e.g. Swimming is a good exercise. To swim across that river is possible some day when I grow up. 用在It is no use (good, a waste of time, not an easy task )…和there be no (no use)…结构中。 e.g. It is no good _____ the stable door when the horse is stolen. A. closing B. to shut C. locking D. to lock There is no use ______ him at this hour. A. to call B. called C. to ring D. calling 2.作宾语:某些动词后只跟动名词作宾语。 admit, appreciate, avoid, can’t help, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, fancy(爱好), suggest, excuse(原谅), finish, mind, miss, practise, allow,risk(冒险), advise, give up… 3.有些动词后即可接不定式,又可接动名词,但意义不一样: e.g. remember, forget, regret +to do 动作未发生 + doing动作已发生 e.g. I remember to post the letter. I remember posting the letter. try to do 尽力做 try doing尝试做 stop to do stop doing mean to do打算做 mean doing sth.意味着做 4.. need, require, want + doing 某事需要被 e.g. The bike needs repairing. = The bike needs to be repaired. This place is worth traveling hundreds of miles to see. 5.动名词复合结构:(动名词带上自己的逻辑主语) e.g. His/ John’s coming made us happy. (作主语) Do you mind my /me/Mary’s/Mary going to your party? (作宾语) 6.动名词完成式与被动形式: e.g. He didn’t mention having met me. I apologize for not having kept my promise. Being killed by sharks was a common thing here. 过去分词常表完成的被动动作,而现在分词常表正在进行的主动动作。 ●现在分词 一、现在分词的基本特征:表主动的,进行的,表特征 二、现在分词的用法 ①现在分词作表语,表示主语的特征或和连系动词连用构成进行时态。 The book is interesting. The present situation is more encouraging than ever before. The girl is watering the trees. 现在分词作表语一般可以译成“使、令…的” ②现在分词作定语表示所修饰的名词的特征,或修饰名词所做的动作。 单个的现在分词作定语必须前置;现在分词短语则后置。 现在分词短语作定语,相当于一个定语从句,都可以变成一个相应的定语从句。 现在分词作定语所修饰的名词有主谓关系。 He is a promising young man. 他是个大有前途的年轻人。 I have a friend living in London. (=I have a friend who lives in London.) ③现在分词作状语,多用来表示伴随、时间、原因、方式等。现在分词作状语它的逻辑主语是主句的主语。 如果分词表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前,并且已经完成,用现在分词的完成形式。 They stood by the road, reading books. Having stepped into the cave, Crusoe lit a fire. ④现在分词作宾语补足语,表示动作正在进行,动作是宾语发出的,主动的,多用于使役动词或感官动词之后。 We saw a light burning in the window. I can't get the clock going again. 现在分词的完成式,否定式,被动形式: e.g. a.Having worked among the workers for many years, he knew them very well. b. Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter to them. c. Can you see the building being built? d. Having been put into prison, he felt hopeless. ●过去分词 一、过去分词的基本特征 表被动的、完成的、表状态 二、过去分词的用法 ①过去分词作表语,和连系动词一起表示主语的状态或表示被动语态(动词应是及物动词)。 The glass is broken. She is quite pleased. The glass was broken by Li Hua. ②过去分词作定语多表示被动意义和完成意义。动作发生在谓语动词之前。 其前置和特征与现在分词相同。过去分词作定语所修饰的名词有被动关系或系表关系。 He is a man loved by all. I hate to read letters written in pencil. ③过去分词作状语与现在分词作状语一样,可以表示伴随、时间、原因、方式等。 过去分词作状语必须注意它表示的动作是该句主语发不出来的或表示主语的状态, 但其逻辑上的主语应是主句的主语。 When (water is ) heated, water changes into steam. ④过去分词作宾补,多表示宾语的状态或被动意义。动作是宾语发不来的。 多用于使役动词、感官动词和like, want, wish, order等表示“希望”“要求”等意义的动词后面。 特别注意“have+宾语+过去分词”这一结构的用法。 I have to have my hair cut. You should make yourself understood by all. 独立主格结构:在用分词短语作状语时,其逻辑主语一般必须与句子主语一致。 如不一致,分词须带上自己的逻辑主语。常表伴随的动作或情况。 e.g. a. He rushed into the classroom, his face covered with sweat. b. Weather permitting, we’ll have an outing tomorrow. c. So many teachers being absent, we decided to put the meeting off. d. His work finished, he prepared to return to his home. e. There are 180 competitors to take part in this game, the youngest being a boy of 10. 1. I would love ________ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone 2. The Olympic Games, _________ in 776 B. C. , did not include women players until 1912. A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first playing 3. We agreed ________ here but so far she hasn't turned up yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met 4. How about the two of us _________ a walk down the garden? A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking 5. ––I must apologize for ________ ahead of time. ––That's all right. A. letting you not know B. not letting you know C. letting you know not D. letting not you know 6. Charles Babbage is generally considered ________ the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented 7. ––You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. ––Well, now I regret _________ that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done 8. I would appreciate _______ back this afternoon. A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. you're calling 9. The computer centre, __________ last year, is very popular among the students this school. A. open B. opened C. opening D. having 10. The salesman scolded the girl caught __________ and left her off. A. to have stolen B. to be stealing C. to steal D. stealing 11. Rather than _______ on a crowded bus, he always prefers ________ a bicycle. A. ride; to ride B. riding; ride C. ride; ride D. to ride; riding 12. The first textbooks ________ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 13. The missing boys were last seen _________ near the river. A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play 14. Paul doesn't have to be made __________. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 15. The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _______ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added 16. The patient was warned ________ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating 17. ________ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Lost C. To lose D. Having lost 18. _______ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 19. ––Can you spare me some time? ––I'm afraid not. I have lots of letters ________. A. doing with B. to do for C. to deal D. to deal with 20. ––Whom should this message be sent to? ––My father is the one _________. A. to sent it to B. to send it C. to be sent to D. for sending it 21. I can't understand ________ at that poor child. A. you to laugh B. you laughing C. you laugh D. why laugh 22. I regret ________ her advice before. A. having not taken B. not to take C. not having taken D. haven't taken 23. I'll never forget _______ my brother in Paris last year. A. to see B. to have seen C. seeing D. having been seen 24. We must set about ________ our lesson for the mid––term examination. A. reviewing B. reviewed C. to review D. to be reviewing 25. I found John ______ the desk, ______ his homework carefully. A. seated at; to do B. sitting at; doing C. sat at; does D. taking his seat at; to do 26. ________, he suddenly found the shop he was looking for. A. When he turns round B. To turn the left C. Turned backward D. Turning to the left 27. _______, the meeting began. A. After sing a song B. After they sang a song C. Singing a song D. Having sung a son 28. Is this the watch you wish _________? A. to have repaired B. to repair it C. to have it repaired D. will be repaired 29. ______ some officers, Napoleon inspected his army. A. Followed by B. Being followed C. Followed D. Having been followed by 30. With her husband ________ her, Marie was sure of her success. A. helps B. helped C. helping D. was helping 31. _______ many times, but he still couldn't understand it. A. Having been told B. Though he had been told C. He was told D. Having told 32. They broke everything in the shop into pieces, _________ nothing. A. leaved B. leaving C. left D. to leaving 33. I saw someone ________ the cupboard and take out the books. A. opening B. opened C. opens D. open 34. He wore dark glasses to avoid _________. A. being recognized B. to be recognized C. recognized D. having been recognized 35. The bridge _______ now is very long. A. is built B. building C. to be built D. being built 36. This is the problem ________ at the next meeting. A. to discussing B. to be discussed C. discussed D. being discussed 37. the ground is ________ with _________ leaves. A. covering; falling B. covered; fallen C. covering; fallen D. covered; falling 38. You have no excuse _______ to the lecture. A. for not coming B. for coming not C. of not coming D. not to come 39. ––I wish I could buy one of those beautiful dogs. ––I'm afraid they wouldn't allow ________ in the hotel. A. you keeping it B. that you keep it C. you to keep it D. you keep it 40. It is considered no good ________ in the hotel. A. recite B. to be recited C. recited D. reciting 41. It's said doing right is hard but ________ is easy. A. doing good B. doing duty C. doing wrong D. to do harm 42. He walked as fast as he could, _______ to catch the 9: 30 train. A. hoped B. to hope C. hoping D. he hoped 43. With lost of trees ______, the house is not easily found. A. to surround B. surrounding C. having surrounded D. surrounded 44. Having done his homework, he went on _______ a letter. A. write B. to write C. writing D. written 45. You must get the work _______ in two hours. A. to do B. do C. being done D. done 46. The old farmer had his left arm _______ when he had his tractors ______ in the fields. A. harmed; working B. harmed; to work C. harming; working D. harming; to work 47. ––Did you get your pay? ––Yes, I remember ______. But I forget the exact amount. A. paying B. to be paid C. being paid D. having paid 48. They stopped ______ but there were no more sounds. A. hearing B. to listen C. listening D. to listen to 49. I prefer studying English at home _______ the match. A. to watching B. to watch C. rather than D. rather than watching 50. The children are looking forward to ________ gifts. A. giving B. give C. being given D. be given 51. ––You look tired. ––That's because Mr Baker had us _______ reports all afternoon. A. wrote B. to write C. writing D. written 52. The man was brought in with his hands _______ that afternoon. A. tied B. tying C. being tied D. to tie 53. ______ more time, we could have done the work better. A. Giving B. Given C. To give D. Having given 54. It was stupid _______ your advice. A. for me not to take B. of me not taking C. for me not taking D. of me not to take 55. He can't help ______ housework, for he is busy _______ for the examination. A. doing; preparing B. to do; to prepare C. doing; to prepare D. to do; preparing 56. The girl said in a ________ voice that she was _______ by the dog. A. frightened; frightened B. frightening; frightened C. frightening; frightening D. frightened; frightening 57. Three days after Mrs White's _______ necklace was found, she was ______ it. A. lost; robbed B. missed; robbed of C. lost; robbed of D. missing; robbed 58. Having tried many times, they succeeded _______ the experiment. A. doing B. in doing C. to do d. in being done 59. Please excuse ______ in without _______. A. come; asking B. coming; being asked C. to come; being asked D. coming; asking 60. There are a lot of peasants _______ in the rice field. A. who works B. who worked C. work D. working 61. Many teachers were praised at the meeting, Mr Zhou ________. A. including B. being included C. to include D. included 62. _______ with fright the fox hid himself in a small cave, ________ his tail to the rain. A. Trembling; exposing B. Trembled; exposed C. Trembled; exposing D. Trembling; exposed 63. The news _______ Jim. He was _______ at the news. He found the news _________. A. surprised; surprised; surprising B. surprised; surprising; surprised C. surprising; surprised; surprised D. surprising; surprising; surprised 64. _______ made her mother very angry. A. Helen's married Jack B. Helen has married Jack C. Helen marrying Jack D. Helen's marrying Jack 65. When _______ the airport they waved again and again to me. A. leaving B. leave C. to leave D. left 66. When _______ into a warm room, the ice soon changed to water. A. to take B. taking C. taken D. to be taken 67. I felt it an honour ______ to speak here. A. to ask B. asking C. to be asked D. having asked 68. To answer correctly is more important than ________. A. a quick finish B. to finish quickly C. finishing quickly D. you finish quick 69. Do you know ________ the repairs? A. to do B. to make C. how to do D. how to make 70. We don't know _______ next. A. to do what B. what to do C. how to do D. what we do 71. They didn't know _______ or stay. A. to leave B. if that he should leave C. if to leave D. whether to leave 72. A job worth _______ is worth ______ well. A. doing; doing B. doing; to do C. doing; done D. do; doing 73. He used ______ on the right in China, but he soon got used ______ on the left in England. A. to drive; to drive B. to drive; driving C. to driving; to drive D. to drive; to driving 74. He suggested _______ the meeting to an end. A. bring B. to bring C. bringing D. on bringing 75. Jane devoted her life _______ the sick. A. to caring for B. to care for C. to caring D. caring for 76. He felt very tired. He really should stop ________ and bed. A. to study B. from studying C. studying D. of studying 77. Mr John requires each of his students ________ a composition every other week. A. write B. to write C. writing D. written 78. This exercise requires ________ carefully. A. to do B. done C. being done D. doing 79. He likes _______, but he doesn't like _______ today because it's too cold. A. to swim; to swim B. swimming; swimming C. to swim; swimming D. swimming; to swim 80. He sat _______ to her ________ the stairs. A. to listen; to climb B. listening; to climb C. listening; climb D. listening; to climbing 81. We didn't miss _________ the football match last night. A. watching B. to watch C. watch D. watched 82. I don't mind _______ to the party. A. being not invited B. not inviting C. not being invited D. not to be invited 83. He raised his voice so as to make himself _________. A. hear B. heard C. be heard D. hearing 84. Can you imagine ________ as a nurse? A. he work B. he to work C. him working D. he working 85. They insisted on ______ a thorough rest before going back to work. A. him to take B. his taking C. he took D. his taken 86. We don't allow _______ in this room. A. smoking B. to smoke C. people smoking D. people smoke 87. You shouldn't allow ________ games near the class for it's too noisy. A. students playing b. to playing C. to play D. students to play 88. I wouldn't advise _______ there by bus, because it is to crowded. A. go B. to go C. to going D. going 89. No one enjoys _______ fun of in public. A. making B. being made C. to be made D. to make 90. They found a ________ old man _______ on the ground when the door was broken open. A. dying; lying B. dead; lied C. death; laying D. died; lain 91. The teacher forbade _________ our seats. A. us to leave B. us leaving C. to leave D. to leaving 92. You'd better get a doctor ________ your bad tooth. A. pull out B. to pull out C. pulled out D. pulling out 93. I haven't got a chair _______. Will you make room for me? A. to sit B. for sitting C. to sit in D. sitting 94. Don't get _______ in the rain. A. to be caught B. catching C. to catch D. caught 95. When did you get your room _______? A. painted B. painting C. to paint D. to be painted 96. We can't get the car _______. We need someone ________ us. A. to go; to help B. going; to help C. going; helping D. gone; helping 97. In those days my family didn't have enough room _______. A. to live B. living in C. to live in D. living 98. It was so cold that the travellers had the fire _______ all the night. A. burning B. to burn C. burn D. burnt 99. I want to have him ________ the job, but he had it ________ instead. A. do; done B. does; doing C. to do; doing D. to do; done 100. Our teacher ________ his had on my shoulder and said, "Don't leave your books ______ about." A. laid; laying B. lay; lying C. laid; lying D. lay; laying 101. I happened ________ the book before. A. to read B. to have read C. having read D. that I had read 102. His poor _______ English prevented him _________. A. spoken; from understanding B. spoken; from being understood C. speaking; from understanding D. speaking; from being understood 103. We would like the problem _________ at once. A. settled B. be settled C. to be settled D. being settled 104. ______ the louse, he heard a strange noise ________ from upstairs. A. Entering; came B. On entering; to come C. Entered; coming D. On entering; coming 105. The boy, ________ his homework, went out to join in the game. A. doing B. had done C. done D. having done 106. This piece is said ________ by that musician. A. to be written B. to have been written C. that it was written D. to write 107. The Arab said that he had never heard of _______ a pilot. A. a woman's to be B. a woman to be C. woman's being D. a woman being 108. We haven’t yet decided _______ there by bus or on foot. A. to get B. how to get C. why to get D. whether to get 109. The little girl came, ________ a cake with two _______ candles on it. A. bringing; lit B. carrying; lighted C. brought; lit D. brought; lighted 110. There is nothing _________ but _________ down and wait for him ________ back. A. to do; sit; to come B. to do; sit; come C. to do; to sit; to come D. to be done; to sit; coming 111. Tigers _______ meat eating animals, ________ meat. A. belonged to; fed on B. belonging to; feed on C. were belonged to; feed on D. belonging to; feeding on 112. They used what they had _________ for their daughter. A. to buy a new dress B. buying a new clothes C. bought a new suit D. buy a new clothing 113. People always shake hands with each other when _______ to each other. A. to introduce B. introduce C. introduced D. introducing 114. ––I'd like to buy a new computer. ––Well, we have several models _________. A. to choose from B. of choice C. to be chosen D. for choosing 115. Many people stood in front of the old church ______ cold and hunger. A. suffered by B. suffering by C. suffered from D. suffering from 116. If a thing is worth _______, it must be well _______. A. doing; done B. to do; doing C. to do; done D. being done; doing 117. This exercise requires _________ carefully. We should do as we are required ________. A. dong; to do B. to do; dong C. to be done; doing D. to be done; to doing 118. The doctor said, "Why not _______ exercise ________ weight?" A. trying doing; losing B. to try to do; to lose C. try doing; to lose D. trying to do; losing 119. I saw a little girl _______ a hammer __________ the box. A. to use; to open B. use; open C. using; opened D. using; to open 120. If ______, please help him _______ it. A. asked; do B. asking; do C. to be asked; to do D. asking; to do 121. The book _______ by him is difficult ________. A. wrote; understanding B. written; to be understood C. writing; understand D. written; to understand 122. I'm glad ______ ______ a chance ________ your factory. A. to have been given; to visit B. to have given; to visit C. to given to visit D. go be giving; visiting 123. They were seen _______ in by the back door, but nobody noticed them ________. A. come; leave B. to come; leave C. to come; to leave D. come; leaves 124. Have you seen the girl ________ golden hair ________ a necklace? A. having; wear B. with; wearing C. of; with D. growing; have 125. ________ by the appearance, he has just been frightened at the terrible news. A. Judged B. To be judged C. Judging D. Having been judged 126. ________ the letter, he went out to post it. A. Writing B. Being written C. Having written D. Written 127. ________ where to go , he asked a policeman the way. A. Having lost his way and not knowing B. Losing his way and didn't know C. Lost his way and not knowing D. Lost his way and didn't know 128. The thief missed ________ and ________. A. to be caught; to break away B. to be caught; broke away C. being caught; breaking away D. being caught; broke away 129. They managed ________ the meeting room before the guests arrived. A. finishing to clean B. finishing cleaning C. to finish cleaning D. to finish to clean 130. ________ a teacher I should set a good example to the students. A. To be B. Being C. Having been D. As I being 131. ________ a teacher of people, one must first be their pupil. A. Being B. having been C. To be D. To have been 132. Would you be so kind ________ me the way to the cinema? A. as to tell B. telling C. to tell D. for telling 133. Let's find a room ________. A. to put the things B. where to put the things C. to put the things in D. putting the things 134. Don't you think it any good ________ in pubic? A. for bidding smoking B. to forbid smoking C. to forbid to smoke D. for bidding to smoke 135. I consider ________ of every fish is a kind of murder. A. taking B. a taking C. the taking D. to take 136. I couldn't understand the language ________ in that country. A. to speak B. speaking C. to be spoken D. spoken 137. He had left the window________ when he went to bed. A. opened B. open C. being opened D. to be opened 138. I have a composition ________ this afternoon and I won't have my hair ________. A. written; cut B. to write; cut C. to write; to cut D. written; to cut 139. I don't mean ________ you because what I have said really means ________ you to be good. A. to hurt; to advise B. to hurt; advising C. hurting; to advise D. hurting; advising 140. You must get her ________ here this evening. A. come over B. came over C. coming over D. to come over 141. ––Who are those people with the banners? ––A group ________ itself the league for peace. A. calling B. call C. called D. is called 142. What's the reason for ________ there? A. not your going B. not you go C. your not gong D. you not to go 143. As the stone was too heavy to move. I left it ________ on the ground. A. laying B. lay C. lying D. lain 144. It is ________ to see a savage ________ flesh of a human being. A. terrify; eat B. terrified; eating C. terrible; eaten D. terrifying; eating 145. the child used to write with a pen and now he is ________ with a brush. A. try writing B. try to write C. to try to write D. trying writing 146. It is important ________ a beginner ________ the correct pronunciation of a foreign language when he studies it. A. of; to teach B. for; to be taught C. of; to be taught D. for; to have taught 147. ________ from space, the earth, with water ________ seventy percent of its surface, looks like a "blue ball". A. Seen; covered B. Seeing; covering C. Seeing; covered D. Seen; covering 148. Have you forgotten ________ a ruler from Betty? Please remember ________ it to her tomorrow. A. borrowing; to return B. borrowing; returning C. to borrow; to return D. to borrow; returning 149. though they had a meeting yesterday, there is much that remains ________. A. solve B. solving C. to be solved D. to solve 150. "We must keep a secret of the things ________ here", the general said ________ at the man in charge of the information office. A. discussed; stared seriously B. being discussed; seriously staring C. to be discussed; seriously stared D. having been discussed; and seriously stared DADCB CDCBD ADABC CBCDC BCCAB DBAC CBDAD BBACD CCBBD ACBAC CABDD ACBBD DAADA CCBDB DABCA CBDDC ACBCB ADDBA ABCDA BCAAC BBCDD BDDBA BACAD AACD ADABBC CADCB CACBC DBBBD ACCDD BDACB查看更多