【英语】2019届二轮复习话题写作专题历史与地理（11页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习话题写作专题历史与地理（11页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习话题写作专题 历史与地理 第一节　话题背诵 ‎1.attack vt.攻击；抨击 ‎2.disappear vi.消失 ‎3.escape vi.逃跑 ‎4.feed vt.喂养；靠……为生 ‎5.local adj.当地的 ‎6.native adj.本土的；本国的 ‎7.raise vt.饲养；养育；提高；增加 ‎8.range n.山脉；vi.包括；处于某个范围之内 ‎9.ruin vt.(使)毁坏；(使)毁灭；n.(复)废墟；遗迹 ‎10.strike v.突然侵袭；打击；打动；突然想到 ‎11.threaten vt.威胁 ‎12.abolish vt.废除 ‎13.aggression n.侵略 ‎14.betray vt.出卖；泄露(机密)‎ ‎15.distribute vt.发放；分发 ‎16.drought n.干旱 ‎17.dynasty n. 朝代 ‎18.erupt vi.(火山)爆发；喷发 ‎19.frighten vt.使惊恐 ‎20.foggy adj.有雾的 ‎21.freezing adj.冰冻的；极冷的 ‎22.geography n.地理 ‎23.historic adj.有历史意义的；历史的 ‎24.historical adj.与历史有关的 ‎25.incident n.事变 ‎26.independence n.独立 ‎27.invade vt.侵略 ‎28.monument n.纪念碑 ‎29.mountainous adj.多山的 ‎30.occupy vt.攻占；忙于 ‎31.origin n.起源；由来 ‎32.religion n.宗教 ‎33.religious adj.宗教的 ‎34.remote adj.偏远的；偏僻的 ‎35.racial adj.种族的 ‎36.revolution n.革命 ‎1.at war在交战中 ‎2.be located in坐落于，位于 ‎3.be rich in富含；盛产 ‎4.be separate from与……分离 ‎5.be surrounded by被……包围/环绕着 ‎6.break out (战争、火灾等突然)爆发 ‎7.clear up 清理；清除；天气转晴 ‎8.date from 起源于；追溯到；始于 ‎9.declare war on 对……宣战 ‎10.defend against 抵御 ‎11.in peace 和平 ‎12.in the long run 从长远来看 ‎13.take on呈现；接受(工作)；开始雇用 ‎14.turn against 背叛 ‎15.vote for/against 投票支持/反对 ‎1.Having realized the great harm caused by the haze and the importance of protecting the environment，people all over the country are taking measures to reduce the hazy weather.‎ 意识到雾霾造成的严重危害和保护环境的重要性，全国人民正采取措施减少雾霾天气。‎ ‎2.Standing on the top of the hill is a monument，dating back to hundreds of years ago.‎ 矗立在山顶上的是一座纪念碑，它可以追溯到几百年前。‎ ‎3.In ancient times，the fast way to travel was to ride a horse or carriage.‎ 在古代，快速的旅行方式是骑马或是坐马车。‎ ‎4.Highly respected by his people，he was elected the first black president of South Africa.‎ 由于受到人们的极大尊重，他当选为南非第一位黑人总统。‎ 第二节　话题阅读 真题深度阅读训练 Step One　真题体验 ‎(2016·全国Ⅱ，阅读理解D)‎ A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.‎ Frank Hurley’s pictures would be outstanding—undoubtedly firstrate photojournalism—if they had been made last week.In fact，they were shot from 1914 through 1916，most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海难)，by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival.Many of the images were stored in an ice chest，under freezing water，in the damaged wooden ship.‎ The ship was the Endurance，a small，tight，Norwegianbuilt threemaster that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists,27 men in all，to the southernmost shore of Antarctica’s Weddell Sea.From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇) across the continent.The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.‎ As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and wellresearched story The Endurance，adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort.Scott’s last journey，completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger，caught the world’s imagination，and a film made in his honor drew crowds.Shackleton，a onetime British merchantnavy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908，started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.Frank Hurley，a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic，was hired to make the images，most of which have never before been published.‎ 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是Frank Hurley收集的照片把过去一次不成功的南极洲的旅行活动重新展现了出来。‎ ‎33.What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley?‎ A.They were made last week.‎ B.They showed undersea sceneries.‎ C.They were found by a cameraman.‎ D.They recorded a disastrous adventure.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“In fact，they were shot from 1914 through 1916，most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海难)...”可知，这些照片记录的是一次海难。‎ ‎34.Who reached the South Pole first according to the text?‎ A.Frank Hurley. B.Ernest Shackleton.‎ C.Robert Falcon Scott. D.Caroline Alexander.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的“Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912...”可知，最先到达南极的是Robert Falcon Scott。‎ ‎35.What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage?‎ A.Artistic creation. B.Scientific research.‎ C.Money making. D.Treasure hunting.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“...adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort.”及“...started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.”可知，Alexander认为他1914年航行的目的就是为了挣钱发财。‎ Step Two　信息句与长难句分析 ‎1.(33题信息句) In fact，they were shot from 1914 through 1916，most of them after a disastrous shipwreck，by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival.‎ 翻译：事实上，这些照片拍摄于1914至1916年之间，大多由一位不可能生存下来的摄像师在沉船灾难发生后拍摄的。‎ 分析：句中most of them after a disastrous shipwreck为独立主格结构；句子后面为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a cameraman。‎ ‎2.(35题信息句)As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and wellresearched story The Endurance，adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort.‎ 翻译：正如作家Caroline Alexander在她有力又深入研究的书The Endurance中明确解释的，当时的探险完全是出于商业目的。‎ 分析：句中as引导非限制性定语从句，且作从句中的宾语；clear为从句中的宾补；主句中主语为adventuring。‎ Step Three　深度阅读与拓展训练 真题精选对应训练 ‎(2016·江苏，阅读理解C)‎ El Niño，a Spanish term for “the Christ child”，was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern，which happens every two to seven years，reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas.El Niño sees warm water，collected over several years in the western Pacific，flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken，or sometimes the other way round.‎ The weather effects，both good and bad，are felt in many places.Rich countries gain more from powerful Niños，on balance，than they lose.A study found that a strong Niño in 199798 helped America’s economy grow by 15 billion，partly because of better agricultural harvests：farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain.The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.‎ But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames.A multiyear drought(干旱) in southeast Brazil is becoming worse.Though heavy rains brought about by El Niño may relieve the drought in California，they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.‎ The most recent powerful Niño，in 199798，killed around 21,000 ‎ people and caused damage worth 36 billion around the globe.But such Niños come with months of warning，and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare.According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI)，however，just 12% of disasterrelief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance，rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards.This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on riskreduction saves at least two on reconstruction.‎ Simple improvements to infrastructure(基础设施) can reduce the spread of disease.Better sewers(下水道) make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach.Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods.According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and coauthors，civil conflict is related to El Niño’s harmful effects—and the poorer the country，the stronger the link.Though the relationship may not be causal，helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people.Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Niño，reducing their losses needs to be the priority.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇科普说明文。主要介绍的是厄尔尼诺现象名字的由来、影响、危害等相关情况，希望人们对厄尔尼诺现象的发生做好充分的准备，以减少损失。‎ ‎61.What can we learn about El Niño in Paragraph 1?‎ A.It is named after a South American fisherman.‎ B.It takes place almost every year all over the world.‎ C.It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.‎ D.It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“El Niño sees warm water，collected ‎ over several years in the western Pacific，flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken，or sometimes the other way round.”可知，在海洋厄尔尼诺现象发生时会有洋流的变化。‎ ‎62.What may El Niños bring about to the countries affected?‎ A.Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall.‎ B.Droughts become more harmful than floods.‎ C.Rich countries’ gains are greater than their losses.‎ D.Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Rich countries gain more from powerful Niños，on balance，than they lose.”可知，富裕国家因厄尔尼诺得到的东西要比它们失去的多。‎ ‎63.The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that .‎ A.more investment should go to risk reduction B.governments of poor countries need more aid C.victims of El Niño deserve more compensation D.recovery and reconstruction should come first 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段倒数第二句中的“...however，just 12% of disasterrelief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance...”可知，以往政府对减少风险的投入太少，应该加大投资以降低厄尔尼诺现象造成的损失。‎ ‎64.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?‎ A.To introduce El Niño and its origin.‎ B.To explain the consequences of El Niño.‎ C.To show ways of fighting against El Niño.‎ D.To urge people to prepare for El Niño.‎ 答案　D 解析　写作意图题。根据文章内容，特别是最后一段中的“...helping divided ‎ communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk...”可判断出，作者写这篇文章的目的是呼吁人们为厄尔尼诺现象的发生做好准备。‎ 第三节　话题写作 情景专练1‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(2016·北京)假设你是红星中学高三一班的学生李华。你班同学参加了学校的“地球日”系列活动。请按照以下四幅图的先后顺序，以“Actions for a Greener Earth”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件，介绍活动的全过程。‎ 注意：词数不少于60。‎ 提示词：地球日Earth Day Ⅰ.记增分素材 ‎1.张贴海报put up poster ‎2.号召某人做某事call upon/on sb.to do sth.‎ ‎3.参加系列活动join in the actions ‎ ‎4.想出一个主意come up with an idea ‎ ‎5.把……变成turn...into...‎ ‎6.赠送give away ‎ ‎7.为……感到自豪be proud of/take pride in ‎ Ⅱ.练高分句式 Actions for a Greener Earth A week before Earth Day，posters were put up around our school，(1)calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth(号召我们参加使地球更环保的系列活动).‎ Our class came up with the idea to make better use of used materials.We brought to our classroom wornout clothes，pieces of cardboard and empty plastic bottles，and turned those into dolls，handbags，tissue boxes and small vases.That weekend，we went to a nearby neighborhood and gave them away to the people there.All were very happy with those unexpected gifts，especially little kids and elderly people.(2)We did so well that we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school(我们做的如此好，以至于被邀请与全校所有学生分享我们的想法与经历).‎ ‎(3)We are very proud of ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world(我们很自豪，相信为了一个更美好的世界我们会做更多).‎ 情景专练2‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(2016·四川)某中学生英文报正举办“The Season I Like Best”的征文活动。请用英文写一篇短文投稿，内容应包括：‎ ‎1.你最喜欢的季节；‎ ‎2.你喜欢该季节的两条理由(如：气候、景色、活动、感受……)。‎ 注意：词数100左右。‎ Ⅰ.记增分素材 ‎1.如下as follows ‎2.去游泳go swimming ‎3.就我而言as far as I’m concerned/personally/in my opinion ‎4.待在stay at ‎5.另外in addition/besides/furthermore Ⅱ.练高分句式 The Season I Like Best Summer is my favorite season of the year.(1)The reasons are as follows(原因如下).Firstly，there is plenty of fun for teenagers in summer，(2)including going camping，going to the beach，going swimming at public pools and travelling locally with friends(包括去野营、去海边、到公共泳池游泳、和朋友在当地旅行).Secondly，summer vacation is the longest of the year.As far as I’m concerned，every summer I stay at my uncle’s house in the country for three weeks and enjoy a wonderful life there.I can also catch worms that are not found in winter.In addition，I can see different kinds of beautiful birds.(3)I think summer is certainly more fun than the other three seasons(我认为夏季当然比其他三个季节更好玩).I like summer best.‎