2020版高考英语大二轮复习专题十五 社会文化类阅读+语篇填空+短文改错优选习题

2020版高考英语大二轮复习专题十五 社会文化类阅读+语篇填空+短文改错优选习题

专题十五　生态环保类阅读+社会文化类阅读+语篇填空+短文改错 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2018四川绵阳三模)‎ On a cool morning,Wilson Kasaine heads out along a dirt path in southern Kenya.His calmness makes it easy to forget that he’s tracking one of the most dangerous animals in the world.Kasaine is tracking lions—especially one lion called Marti,who is the real-life Lion King of Selenkay Conservancy.‎ Tracking lions on foot may sound like a death wish,but Kasaine has been doing it for most of his life.Born into a traditional Maasai family he quickly grew to understand the beauty and danger of wildlife.Living with big wild animals forces him to develop a good sense of where they have been and where they may be going.During his 12-kilometer walks to and from school,he learned how to tell the paw prints (爪印)of a lion from those of other animals.‎ Growing up,Kasaine knew that improving his tracking abilities would help him avoid surprise meetings with dangerous animals.For many Maasai,tracking is mainly a matter of self-protection.But Kasaine is tracking lions to meet them and to protect them.He leads a small group of wide-eyed tourists over the red sandy path,searching for the lion that has left upon it his prints.‎ Each year,thousands of tourists crowd Kenya’s national parks to try to have a look at the “big five”:elephants,rhinoceros,leopards,buffaloes and lions.The international draw of these animals matters a lot because the nation’s economy is tied to the protection of its wildlife.If Kenya’s wildlife disappears,so does its second-largest source of income.‎ 10‎ Wildlife protection efforts in Kenya meant marking off land exclusively(专门地)for animals.But it also meant that the people who had originally lived in the area were forced to leave their land and into smaller surrounding areas.They are also finding it increasingly hard to keep a traditional Maasai lifestyle.But people are glad that it really makes a difference to wildlife protection.‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章通过讲述Kasaine通过狮子的脚印追踪狮子、保护狮子的故事,说明了肯尼亚从它的野生动植物保护中受益很多。即使人们离开他们最初的家,人们也非常高兴,并且支持野生动植物保护。‎ ‎1.How did Kasaine track lions?‎ A.By working together with tourists.‎ B.By running after them all the time.‎ C.By going to school every day.‎ D.By studying their paw prints.‎ 答案D 解析推理判断题。由第二段中的“During his 12-kilometer walks to and from school,he learned how to tell the paw prints(爪印) of a lion from those of other animals.”可推知Kasaine通过研究狮子的脚印追踪狮子,选D项。‎ ‎2.What can we learn from Paragraph 4?‎ A.Maasai people are born animal lovers.‎ B.Tourism is a big threat to Kenya’s wildlife.‎ C.Kenya benefits a lot from its wildlife protection.‎ D.Small animals are not included in their protection policy.‎ 答案C 解析细节理解题。由第四段中的“The international draw of these animals matters a lot because the nation’s economy is tied to the protection of its wildlife.If Kenya’s wildlife disappears,so does its second-largest source of income.”可知肯尼亚从它的野生动植物保护中受益很多,选C项。‎ ‎3.What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?‎ A.Kenya’s economic development.‎ B.People’s leaving their original homes.‎ C.Kenya’s second-largest income source.‎ D.Kenyan people’s traditional Maasai lifestyle.‎ 答案B 解析推理判断题。由最后一段中的“But it also meant that the people who had originally lived in the area were forced to leave their land and into smaller surrounding areas.”可推知“it”指的是人们离开他们最初的家,选B项。‎ ‎4.What is the best title for the text?‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ 10‎ A.Wildlife Protection in Kenya B.Meeting a Dangerous Animal C.Wilson Kasaine’s Wise Choice D.Learning to Live With Lions 答案A 解析主旨大意题。这篇文章通过讲述Kasaine通过狮子的脚印追踪狮子、保护狮子的故事说明了肯尼亚从它的野生动植物保护中受益很多。即使人们离开他们最初的家,人们也非常高兴,并且支持野生动植物保护,选A项。‎ B ‎(2018山东潍坊二模)‎ In the basement of a landmark 27-story tower in Stockholm,Petterson is hoping to sow the seeds of an indoor urban farming revolution.He is the chief executive of Plantagon,a new urban farming factory set to kick off operations in the basement of an office block in the Swedish capital.‎ He is by no means the first enthusiast for indoor farming,which has become increasingly fashionable in recent years.Claims for the practice of growing food in basements range from feeding people in desert environments to transforming the negative environmental effects of monoculture farming.‎ Plantagon’s early promises reflect this new optimism.Petterson calls the farm’s approach “agritechture”:the combination of agriculture,technology and architecture hoping to revolutionize how we live and eat.‎ The term may be new,but the concept isn’t.Indoor farming is made possible by agricultural technologies such as hydroponics(growing plants without soil) and aeroponics(in which plants are grown in air over containers).Food can be produced without direct sunlight or soil. ‎ Plantagon plans to grow high-value foods in a pumice-like material rather than soil.Water for the plants is measured precisely.It will also dehumidify(除湿) the air and reuse any extra water to ensure zero waste.Compared with conventional agriculture,it will need much less water to produce the same amount of crops.‎ Energy is also a key issue for indoor urban farms,which have to create artificial sunlight.Although advances in the efficiency of LED lights have helped bring down energy consumption in recent years,plants use only about 1 percent of the artificial light produced.This leads to a great waste of energy,most of which disappears as heat.The basement farm will capture around 70 percent of this wasted heat and pipe it into the heating system of the office block above.Oxygen produced by the plants will be sent to office workers via the building’s air conditioners.‎ 10‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过讲述瑞典斯德哥尔摩的Plantagon总裁Petterson如何在摩天大楼地下室中进行都市室内农业革命的事例,介绍了室内农业在世界范围内的普及并分析了室内农业在环保节能方面的积极作用。‎ ‎5.What does Plantagon plan to do in the basement?‎ A.Grow crops. B.Do operations.‎ C.Open a seed company. D.Give lectures about farming.‎ 答案A 解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...Petterson is hoping to sow the seeds of an indoor urban farming revolution.”可知,而Petterson是Plantagon公司的总裁,而他打算在地下室中种植农作物。‎ ‎6.What does the underlined phrase“The term”in Paragraph 4 refer to?‎ A.Aeroponics. B.Hydroponics.‎ C.Monoculture. D.Agritechture.‎ 答案D 解析词义猜测题。该词在段首,它指代的应该是上一段中的内容。上一段中主要介绍了名词“agritechture”的含义。‎ ‎7.What do indoor farms do with energy waste?‎ A.Produce oxygen. B.Run air conditioners.‎ C.Heat offices. D.Create artificial sunlight.‎ 答案C 解析细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The basement farm will capture around 70 percent of this wasted heat and pipe it into the heating system of the office block above.”可知,地下室的农业设施会把这些浪费了的热量输入到上面办公楼的供暖系统中。‎ ‎8.What is the text mainly about?‎ A.A farming revolution.‎ B.Petterson’s achievement.‎ C.A water-saving farming project.‎ D.An environment-friendly system.‎ 答案A 解析主旨大意题。整篇文章作者的写作脉络是:Petterson的室内农业革命的事例→室内农业方式普及→Petterson公司室内农业的独特方式→室内农业方式的可能性→Petterson公司的打算→室内农业的环保和节能。贯穿于文脉中的三个关键词:indoor farming revolution。所以A项最符合这三个关键词表达的意义。‎ C ‎(2018黑龙江齐齐哈尔一模)‎ ‎83-year-old Antonio Vicente has spent the last four decades of his life fighting against the trend.As Brazilian landowners cut down rainforests to make room for 10‎ ‎ profitable plantations(种植园) and cattle grounds,he struggled to bring the jungles of his childhood back to life.‎ ‎“When I was a child,the peasants cut down the trees to make grasslands and charcoal,and the water dried up and did not come back,” he told the reporters.“I thought:‘Water is valuable,no one makes water and the population will not stop growing.What is going to happen?We are going to run out of water.’”‎ With only some donkeys and a small team of hired workers,Antonio Vicente set about bringing back the forest to his land.What started out as a weekend hobby soon became a permanent way of life,and Antonio recalls often spending whole days and nights in his young jungle,surrounded by rats and foxes,and eating banana sandwiches for breakfast,lunch and dinner.Over the last 40 years,he has planted an estimated 50,000 trees on his 31-hectare land,which now makes up a small but unique area of rainforest,and a haven for wildlife.‎ As the forest grew,the water returned,and Antonio says that there are now over 20 water sources on his land that were no longer there when he bought it.Then the animals started making a home there.Today,the forest is alive with the sounds of birds and insects living there,and more species are settling in every year.‎ ‎“There are toucans(巨嘴鸟),all kinds of birds,squirrels,lizards,and even the boars are returning,”83-year-old Vicente says.“If you ask me who my family are,I would say all these right here,each one of these that I planted from a seed.”‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。本文叙述的是83岁的Antonio Vicente花了40年的时间抗击干旱的故事。‎ ‎9.What do we learn about the Brazilian peasants?‎ A.They wasted much water on farming.‎ B.They focused on short-term profits.‎ C.They cared much about the environment.‎ D.They relied heavily on rainforests for a living.‎ 答案B 解析推理判断题。根据第二段可知Brazilian的农民关注的是短期的利益。故选B项。‎ ‎10.What used to be young Antonio’s biggest concern?‎ A.Overpopulation. B.Polluted water.‎ C.Loss of grasslands. D.Water shortage.‎ 答案D 解析推理判断题。根据第三段第一、二句“Antonio Vicente set about bringing back the forest to his land.What started out as a weekend hobby soon became a permanent way of life...”可知年轻的Antonio最大的关注是水的短缺。故选D项。‎ ‎11.What does the underlined word“haven” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?‎ A.Trap. B.Disaster.‎ 10‎ C.Shelter. D.Balance.‎ 答案C 解析词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句“Over the last 40 years,he has planted an estimated 50,000 trees on his 31-hectare land,which now makes up a small but unique area of rainforest,and a haven for wildlife.”在最近40年,他在31公顷土地上种植了大约50,000棵树,构成了目前虽小但独特的野生动物的热带雨林天堂。由此推知画线词的意思是“避难所”,故选C项。‎ ‎12.In the last paragraph,Antonio mainly expresses his 　　　. ‎ A.affection for his forest B.thanks for his family C.deep love for rare birds D.pride as a successful farmer 答案A 解析推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘There are toucans(巨嘴鸟),all kinds of birds,squirrels,lizards,and even the boars are returning,’83-year-old Vicente says.‘If you ask me who my family are,I would say all these right here,each one of these that I planted from a seed.’”可推知Antonio主要在表达他对森林的喜爱。故选A项。‎ D ‎(2018安徽六校教育研究第二次联考)‎ Ask people in the UK what the words“Sunday roast” mean to them,and they’ll probably take you back to their grandmothers’ dining rooms—maybe with a few stories of “the greatest puddings” and “the best-ever steak”.But now the traditional Sunday roast seems to have been left back in the old days.According to the Daily Mail,just one in 50 British families sits down to this weekly meal together.‎ There are many reasons why the roast is becoming less popular.In the busy modern world,where breakfast is a slice of toast eaten on the way to work or school and lunch is a quick sandwich in front of the computer screen,people just don’t seem to have the time or patience to make a roast.‎ And Sunday was once a day when people could easily go to the kitchen to cook.Nowadays,people are often out shopping or at the cinema until it’s far too late to start thinking about heating the oven(烤箱) up.‎ However,a recent article from The Telegraph warned against being carried away by our tight schedules.It would be a shame to let this fine old tradition disappear.‎ The Guardian further explained that the eating of the big meal is only the half of it.The Sunday roast also makes for relaxed morning activities in the kitchen,and the table becomes the perfect place to share good food and chat with family and friends.“For busy moms and dads,even if you can manage to turn off your mobile phone 10‎ ‎ and the TV only once a week and turn the Sunday roast into a real family event,children can have fun cooking the food and clearing up together.”‎ ‎【语篇解读】忙碌的生活方式导致传统的英国每周一次的家庭“周日烤肉”活动已经成为过去时。现在,只有五十分之一的英国家庭仍然保持这个传统。‎ ‎13.Which of the following is most probably the best title of this passage?‎ A.Sunday—Best Time for Family B.Sunday Roast Dying Out C.It’s the Perfect Time for Us D.Let’s Sit Down Together 答案B 解析主旨大意题。第一段中的“But now the traditional Sunday roast seems to have been left back in the old days.According to the Daily Mail,just one in 50 British families sits down to this weekly meal together.”告诉人们:传统的英国每周一次的家庭“周日烤肉”活动已经成为过去时。现在,只有五十分之一的英国家庭仍然保持这个传统。下文具体介绍了导致这种现象的原因。故B项适合做该文标题。‎ ‎14.Why do people pay less attention to Sunday roast?‎ A.They have a busy lifestyle.‎ B.They have no interest in cooking.‎ C.They don’t think it worthwhile.‎ D.They are living in the modern society.‎ 答案A 解析细节理解题。由第二段“There are many reasons why the roast is becoming less popular.In the busy modern world...people just don’t seem to have the time or patience to make a roast”可知,在这个忙碌的现代世界里,人们似乎没有时间和耐心烤肉了。故可知,忙碌的生活方式是导致周末烤肉大餐正在逐渐消失的原因。A项正确。‎ ‎15.What does the underlined word“it” in the last paragraph refer to?‎ A.A recent article. B.A traditional kitchen.‎ C.The fine old tradition. D.Sunday morning activities.‎ 答案C 解析词义猜测题。由第五段中的“The Guardian further explained that the eating of the big meal is only the half of it.The Sunday roast also makes for relaxed morning activities in the kitchen,and the table becomes the perfect place to share good food and chat with family and friends.”可知,周日烤肉有助于人们在厨房里放松,餐桌成为了亲朋好友分享美食以及聊天的好地方。由此可知,吃大餐只是周日烤肉的一部分,周日烤肉还可以让人们放松、交流等。故it指的是周日烤肉这个老传统。C项正确。‎ ‎16.How does the author feel towards Sunday roast’s dying out?‎ A.Doubtful. B.Positive.‎ C.Sorry. D.Uncertain.‎ 10‎ 答案C 解析观点态度题。由文章对周日烤肉传统的介绍,尤其是最后一段的叙述可知,该传统活动是一项有利于家人交流共处的好机会。所以,对于这项传统的逐渐消失,作者深表遗憾。故C项正确。‎ Ⅱ.语篇填空 ‎(2018山东泰安二模)‎ China has once again proved its 1.(able) to change the world with the“new four great inventions”:high-speed railways,electronic payments,shared bicycles and online shopping.‎ They’re related to China’s high-tech innovation(创新),2. has improved the quality of people’s lives,according to a survey 3.(make) by the Belt and Road Research Institute of Beijing Foreign Studies University.‎ ‎“My wallet is no longer in use.I can buy and eat whatever I want simply with a fingertip on my phone,”said 4. university student,adding that “even pancake sellers are using mobile payment”.‎ The bikes 5.(them)are not new,but the operating model of bike-sharing 6.(base) on satellite navigation system,mobile payment,big data and other high technologies.‎ China has entered a new innovative era,thanks to the large amounts of capital China has invested in 7.(encourage) innovation,said Bernhard Schwartlander,WHO Representative in China.‎ ‎8. is increasingly clear that China is innovating and no longer copying western ideas.This is 9.(especial)true in mobile,where China is leading in many ways such as the social messaging app WeChat,she said.This is partly because China skipped over the PC era and went directly to mobile.China has the 10.(large) mobile use in the world.‎ 答案与解析 ‎【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲了中国正用“新的四大发明”来改变世界。‎ ‎1.ability　考查名词。作proved的宾语,用名词,所以填ability。‎ ‎2.which　考查非限制性定语从句。“　2　 has improved the quality of people’s lives”,作定语,修饰China’s high-tech innovation(创新),且有逗号隔开,所以“　2　 has improved the quality of people’s lives”是一个非限制性定语从句,关系词在从句中作主语,指物,所以用which。 ‎ ‎3.made　考查非谓语动词。make与其逻辑主语a survey之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词作定语,填made。‎ ‎4.a　考查冠词。泛指“一位大学生”,且university的首字母发音是辅音,所以填不定冠词a。‎ ‎5.themselves　考查反身代词。句意:自行车它们本身不是全新的事物。表示“它们本身”,填themselves。‎ 10‎ ‎6.is based　考查时态和语态。表示主语现在的状态,用一般现在时,且the operating model of bike-sharing与base on之间是被动关系,用被动语态,所以填is based。‎ ‎7.encouraging　考查固定用法。介词in之后用v-ing形式作宾语,所以填encouraging。‎ ‎8.It　考查形式主语。“that China is innovating and no longer copying western ideas”是句子真正的主语,这里需要一个形式主语,所以填It。‎ ‎9.especially　考查副词。修饰形容词true用副词,所以填especially。‎ ‎10.largest　考查最高级。中国在世界上拥有最大的手机使用量。表示“最大的”,用最高级,所以填largest。‎ Ⅲ.短文改错 ‎(2018湖北黄冈中学二模)‎ Good morning!I’m Li Hua from Hongxing Middle School.I’d like to give brief introduction about myself.I’m easy-going and have various hobby.I love sports,especially playing basketball with my friends.I’m also keen on listening to music to relax myself in my spare time.Between all the subjects,English was my favourite and I’m good at it.If it comes to my ideal major,I’m quite interesting in international business.Because I like meeting the people of different cultures,and communicate with them in English.‎ I sincere hope that you can give me a chance to improve yourself in your university.‎ 答案 Good morning!I’m Li Hua from Hongxing Middle School.I’d like to give brief introduction about myself.I’m easy-going and have various .I love sports,especially playing basketball with my friends.I’m also keen on listening to music to relax myself in my spare time. all the subjects,English my favourite and I’m good at it. it comes to my ideal major,I’m quite in international business.Because I like meeting the people different cultures,and with them in English.‎ 10‎ I hope that you can give me a chance to improve in your university.‎ 10‎