中考英语一轮复习七年级下Units16

中考英语一轮复习七年级下Units16

第3讲　七年级(下)Units 1－6‎ ‎1．sing(v.)→________ (n.)歌曲→ (n.)歌手 ‎2．speak(v.)→ (过去式)→ (过去分词)‎ ‎3．write(v.) (过去式)→ (过去分词)→ (n.)作者 ‎4．teach(v.)→ (n.)教师 ‎5．up(adv.)→ (反义词)向下 ‎6．tooth(n.)→ (复数)牙齿 ‎7．early(adj.)→ (比较级)→ (最高级)→ (反义词adj.)晚的 ‎8．run(v.)→ (n.)跑步者→ (现在分词)→ (过去式)‎ ‎9．new(adj.)→ (adj.反义词)旧的 ‎10．many(adj.)→ (比较级)→ (最高级)‎ ‎11．leave(v.)→ (过去式)‎ ‎12．true(adj.)→ (adj.近义词)真的→ (n.)事实；真相→ (副词)‎ ‎13．noisy(adj.)→ (adj.反义词)安静的→ (n.)噪音 ‎14．luck(n.)→ (adj.)幸运的→ (adv.)幸运地 ‎15．beautiful(adj.)→ (n.)漂亮→ (反义词)‎ ‎16．sleep(v.)→ (adj.)睡着的→ (adj.)困倦的→ (v.反义词)醒来 ‎17．danger(n.)→ (adj.)危险的→ (adj.反义词)安全的 ‎18．young(adj.)→ (adj.)年老的 ‎19．child(n.)→ (复数)‎ ‎20．dirty(adj.)→ (adj.反义词)干净的 ‎21．cross(v.)→ (adv.&prep.)过；穿过→ (n.)十字路口 ‎1. English　说英语 2. 　下国际象棋 ‎3.play / 　弹吉他/钢琴 4.be 　擅长 ‎5. 　讲故事 6. club　游泳俱乐部 ‎7． ．..　善于应付……的 ‎8． to　跟……说 ‎9． (sb.) sth.　在某方面帮助(某人)‎ ‎10． the /on 　在周末 ‎11． 　结交朋友 12． 　起床 ‎13．get 　穿上衣服 14． 　刷牙 ‎15． 　淋浴 16． / breakfast　吃早饭 ‎17． one's homework　做作业 18． / 　散步 ‎19． ．.. ．..　要么……要么…… 20． of　大量；许多 ‎21． six　六点半 22． the 　乘地铁 ‎23． a bike　骑自行车 24． 　每天 ‎25． a car　开车 26． of　认为 ‎27． ．..and...　在……和……之间 28．be 　害怕 ‎29． 　实现 30．(be) 　准时 ‎31． music　听音乐 32． class　上课迟到 ‎33． 　外出 34． / the 　洗餐具 ‎35. (one's) 　铺床 36.be (with sb.)　(对某人)要求严格 ‎37. the 　遵守规则 38． 　稍微；有点 ‎39. 　迷路 40.be 　处于极大危险之中 ‎41. 　砍倒 42.(be) of...　由……制成的 ‎43. a newspaper　看报纸 44. soup　做汤 ‎45.go to the 　看电影 46. 　出去吃饭 ‎47. tea　喝茶 48. sth.　希望做某事 ‎49. the boat races TV　在电视上看龙舟赛 ‎1.— you swim？你会游泳吗？—Yes，I ．/No，I ．是的，我会。/不，我不会。‎ ‎2.— you ？你会做什么？—I ．/I ．我会跳舞。/我会唱歌。‎ ‎3.— do you join？你想参加什么俱乐部？‎ ‎—I want to join the ．我想参加国际象棋俱乐部。‎ ‎4. do you get up？你通常几点起床？‎ ‎5.In the evening，I watch TV play computer games.晚上我要么看电视，要么玩电脑游戏。‎ ‎6.— do you get to school？你怎样去上学？—I usually ．我通常骑自行车。‎ ‎— does it to get to school？到达学校要花多长时间？‎ ‎— about 20 minutes.大约20分钟。‎ ‎— is it your home school？你家距学校有多远？‎ ‎—It's about ten kilometers.大约10千米。‎ ‎7. many students，it's get to school.对于许多学生，到学校是很容易的。‎ ‎8.He's a father me.对我来说，他就像父亲一样。‎ ‎9. in class.不要在课堂上吃东西。‎ ‎10.Don't class.上课不要迟到。‎ ‎11.We be ．我们必须准时。‎ ‎12.Does she in the library？她不得不在图书馆保持安静吗？‎ ‎13.There are rules！有太多的规定！‎ ‎14.— do you like？你喜欢什么动物？—I like koalas.我喜欢树袋熊。‎ ‎— do you like them？你为什么喜欢它们？— they're cute.因为它们有几分可爱。‎ ‎— they ？它们来自哪里？—They're from Australia.它们来自澳大利亚。‎ ‎15．They can two legs.它们会用两条腿走路。‎ ‎16．—What you ？你正在做什么？—I TV.我在看电视。‎ ‎17． is it？现在几点了？‎ ‎18．They're ．他们正在电话里交谈。‎ ‎19．Do you join me dinner？你想和我一起吃晚餐吗？‎ ‎►show ‎【典例在线】‎ What can you do in the school show？在学校表演会上你会做什么？‎ Please show me your photos you took in E'mei.请把你在峨眉山拍的照片给我看看。‎ ‎【拓展精析】show名词，意为“展览”；动词，意为“出示”。‎ 相关短语：show sth.to sb./show sb.sth.把……展示给某人看 on show＝on display展览 show sb.around...带领某人参观…… show up露面；出面 show off炫耀 ‎【活学活用】‎ ‎1)—I want a ticket to Shanghai this afternoon，please.—OK.Will you please ____ me your ID card？(2012，泰安)‎ A．tell　　　B．serve　 　C．send　 　D．show ‎2)—Could you please ____ your ID card______ me?—Sure.‎ A．take；to B．show；to C．give；for D．show；for ‎►make ‎【典例在线】‎ Can you make models？你会制作模型吗？‎ He made the baby cry just now.他刚才把这个婴儿弄哭了。‎ That made me very happy.那使我很高兴。‎ ‎【拓展精析】‎ ‎①make作实义动词讲时，意为“做；制作”，后面可直接接名词或代词作宾语。‎ ‎②make作使役动词讲时，意为“迫使；促使”，通常构成make sb.do sth.和make sb./sth.＋adj.结构，这两个结构分别表示“使某人做某事”和“使某人/物处于某种状态”。‎ 注意：make sb.do sth.结构在变被动语态时，要加上动词不定式符号to，即：sb.be made to do sth.。‎ ‎【活学活用】‎ ‎3)Li Jun always makes his little sister ____．(2014，邵阳) A．crying B．to cry C．cry ‎►stop ‎【典例在线】‎ The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.老师进来后学生们停止了谈论。‎ You look tired，please stop to have a rest.你看起来很累，停下来休息一下吧。‎ Nothing can stop us (from) reaching our aims.什么也阻止不了我们达到我们的目标。‎ ‎【拓展精析】‎ stop意为“停止”，常用结构如下：‎ stop doing sth.停止做(正在做的)某事 stop to do sth.停下来去做另外一件事 stop sb.(from) doing sth.＝prevent sb.(from) doing sth.＝keep sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事 ‎【活学活用】‎ ‎4)A heavy rain made him stop (go) hiking in the mountains.He stopped (have) a rest in the small hotel.‎ ‎5)—I feel tired and sleepy. —Why not stop ____ for a while? A．rest B．to rest C．resting D．rested ‎►remember ‎【典例在线】‎ I remember to post his letter.我记得要为他寄信。I remember posting his letter.我记得为他寄过信。‎ ‎【拓展精析】‎ remember动词，意为“记住”，常用结构如下：‎ remember to do sth.记得去做某事(未做) remember doing sth.记得做过某事(已做)‎ 其反义词为forget，用法与remember类似，即forget to do sth.(忘记要做某事)和forget doing sth.(忘记做过某事)。‎ ‎【活学活用】‎ ‎6)Please remember ____ your notebook here tomorrow.(2014，泸州)‎ A．brings B．brought C．bringing D．to bring ‎►leave ‎【典例在线】‎ He left (home) for the station a few minutes ago.几分钟前他(离开家)去车站了。‎ I left my bag under the tree.我把我的包落在树下了。‎ I have little money left.我几乎没剩下多少钱了。‎ ‎【拓展精析】‎ leave for＋地点，动身去某地；前往某地 leave动词，留下；遗忘；剩下；离开 leave sth.sp.把某物忘在(落在)某地 have sth.left意为“剩下某物”。‎ 注意：leaves可作leaf(树叶)的复数形式。‎ ‎【活学活用】‎ ‎7)—Show me your homework，Dave？(2013，襄阳) —Sorry，Mrs.Brown.I've ____ it at home.‎ A．missed B．forgotten C．lost D．left ‎►keep ‎【典例在线】‎ I have to keep my hair short.我必须留短发。‎ Keep the child away from the fire.让孩子远离火。‎ How long can I keep the book？这本书我可以借多长时间？‎ Everyone should keep the rules.大家必须遵守规章制度。‎ Keep quiet，please.请保持安静。‎ ‎【拓展精析】‎ keep作及物动词，用于“keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，意为“使……保持某种状态”，其中宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、介词短语等充当。‎ keep作及物动词还可意为“保存”，后接时间段时，代替borrow。‎ keep作及物动词，意为“遵守”，相当于follow。‎ keep作连系动词，后接形容词等作表语。‎ ‎【活学活用】‎ ‎8)Some of the tired students keep their eyes ____ in breaks.(2014，白银)‎ A．opened B．close C．closed D．open ‎►kind ‎【典例在线】‎ I'm kind of tired.我有点累了。‎ There're three kinds of apples on the table.桌子上有三种苹果。‎ The shop sells all kinds of fruits.这家商店出售各种各样的水果。‎ Our teacher is kind to us.我们老师对我们很好。‎ It's kind of you to help us.你帮助我们真是太好了。‎ ‎【拓展精析】‎ kind作名词，意为“种类；类型；类别”。常构成短语：a kind of...一种……；all kinds of...各种各样的……；different kinds of...不同种类的……‎ kind作形容词，意为“和蔼的；亲切的；善良的”。可用于句型It's kind of sb.to do sth.意为“某人做某事真是太好了。”‎ kind of意为“稍微；有点”，用来表示程度，修饰形容词或动词，相当于a little。‎ ‎【活学活用】‎ ‎9)—Do you know that there are many different ____ animals in the zoo?‎ ‎—Yes，I do.And I also know that some of them are ________ scaring.(2012，黄冈)‎ A．kinds of；kind of　　　B．kinds of；kinds of C．kind of；kinds of D．kind of；kind of ‎►Can you play the piano？你会弹钢琴吗？‎ ‎【典例在线】‎ She often plays the guitar at home.她经常在家弹吉他。‎ Let's play basketball.让我们打篮球吧。‎ ‎【拓展精析】‎ play意为“玩；打；弹奏”。当和西洋乐器类名词连用时，名词前必须加定冠词the；当和球类、棋牌类、游戏类名词连用时，名词前不能加任何冠词。‎ ‎【活学活用】‎ ‎1)The young man in a blue coat is my PE teacher.He often plays ____ basketball with us.(2014，邵阳)‎ A．the　　　B．a　　　　C．/　　　　‎ ‎►—Why do you like pandas？你为什么喜欢熊猫？—Because they're very cute.因为他们很可爱。‎ ‎【典例在线】‎ ‎—Why do you like English？你为什么喜欢英语？—Because it's interesting.因为它很有趣。‎ ‎【拓展精析】‎ why疑问副词，意为“为什么”，相当于what...for，用来询问事情发生的原因，以why引导的特殊疑问句常用because来回答。‎ ‎【活学活用】‎ ‎2)—____ is the street crowded with so many people？(2013，宜昌)‎ ‎—Because they are waiting to watch the boat races.‎ A．Why B．Where C．How D．Who ‎►Parents and schools are sometimes strict，but remember，they make rules to help us.父母和学校有时是严格的，但是记住，他们制订规则是为了帮助我们。‎ ‎【典例在线】‎ She is a strict teacher.她是一个严格的老师。‎ My parents are strict with me.我父母对我要求很严格。‎ Our teacher is strict in his work.我们的老师对他的工作要求严格。‎ ‎【拓展精析】‎ strict形容词，意为“严格的；严厉的”，在句中常用作表语、定语。常用短语：be strict with sb.对某人要求严格；be strict in sth.对某事要求严格。‎ ‎【活学活用】‎ ‎3)—What's your teacher like?—She is always strict ____ us.(2013，广安)‎ A．in B．with C．to ‎►In the evening, I either watch TV or play computer games.晚上，我要么看电视，要么玩电脑游戏。(Unit 2 P11）‎ ‎【用法归纳】 either的用法（2014年45题考查)‎ either用作代词，“（两者之中）任一、任何一 个”。如：Either (of the books） is popular with the students.（两本书）随便哪一本都受到同学们的欢迎。‎ either用作副词，在否定句作“也”解释，通常置于句末。如：Lily doesn’t like fruit. I don’t like ruit, either.莉莉不喜欢水果，我也不喜欢。‎ either…or…意为“或者……或者……、不是……就是……、要么……要么……”，在句中连接两个并列成分。如：Either you or Tom has done it.（连接并列主语）不是你就是汤姆做了这件事。‎ 注意：在连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词必须在人称和数上与靠近的主语保持一致，即“就近原则”。‎ either的反义词为neither“（两者）都不”，either…or…的反义词组为neither…nor… “既不……也不……”。‎ ‎【活学活用】‎ ‎3）There is only one chair here. ______ you ______ she can sit on it.(滨州模拟)‎ A.Both, and B.Neither, nor C.Either, or D.Not, or ‎4） — I am not sure which tie to wear for the party.— God! I have no idea, .（09泰安）‎ ‎ A. too B. neither C. either D. also ‎ ‎5)【2014安徽】You can take ______ of the two toy cars and leave the other for your brother.‎ A. both B. none C. either D. neither ‎►—How does she get to school? 她怎样去上学？—She usually takes the bus. 她通常乘公交车去学校。（Unit 3 P15）‎ ‎【用法归纳】交通工具的表达（辨析take， by， in与on）‎ ‎◆take+冠词+交通工具。如：take a taxi/take a car/take a bus/take a train/take a ship等。如果 ‎ 要表示步行只需要使用walk就可以了。‎ ‎◆by指用某种手段或通过某种方式，常和交通工具的单数形式直接连用，如：by bus/by boat/by plane等。如：My brother goes to school by bike．我哥哥骑自行车去上学。‎ ‎◆当交通工具前有限定词（冠词和物主代词等）时，介词可用“on”，也可用“in”。 in 接小型交通工具，例如：in a car， in his car等；on接大型交通工具，骑自行车除外。如：on a bus, on his bike等。如：She’ll go to Beijing on a plane．（有限定词）她将乘飞机去北京。 ‎ 注意：on还有一种特殊情况，表示“步行”除了可以用动词walk之外还可以用介词短语on foot。‎ ‎►There is a very big river between their school and the village. 在他们的学校与村庄之间有一条很大的河。（Unit 3 P17）‎ ‎【用法归纳】辨析between与among（2008年40题考查）‎ between the girl and the boy among the children between表示“两者之间”，只要可以构成双方关系，都可以用between。如：I will come between twelve and one o’clock. 我将在十二点至一点之间过来。‎ I dropped it between my house and the station. 我把这东西掉在了我家和车站之间。‎ among在……之间，强调是在三个或三个以上的人或事物之中。如：There was someone shouting at me among the students.在这些学生中有个人喊我。‎ ‎【活学活用】‎ ‎1)His grade in the exam put him ____ the top students in his class.(2012，包头)‎ A．between B．over C．among D．above ‎2)The accident happened ____ 7 p．m.________ 9 p．m.(2012，呼和浩特)‎ A．from；to B．between；to C．from；and D．between；and ‎►We must save the trees and not buy things made of ivory. 我们必须拯救树木，拒绝购买象牙制品。（Unit 5 P29）‎ ‎【用法归纳】辨析be made of与be made from 如：The paper is made from wood.纸张是由木头制成的。‎ The chair is made of wood.这把椅子是由木头制成的。‎ 拓展：“be made+介词”相关短语 短语 释义 be made in 表示某产品在某地生产或制造。‎ be made by 意为“由……（动作的执行者）制造”‎ be made into 意为“被制成……（把材料制成成品）”‎ be made up of 意为“由……组成”，通常由许多部分组成。‎ ‎►put on，wear，dress，be in ‎【典例在线】‎ I don't wear glasses.我不戴眼镜。‎ He put on his coat and went out.他穿上外套出去了。‎ The girl in red is my sister.穿红衣服的女孩是我妹妹。‎ The little girl can dress herself.这个小女孩可以自己穿衣服了。‎ ‎【拓展精析】‎ wear可用于穿衣、穿鞋、戴帽子、戴手套、佩戴首饰等，强调状态。‎ put on表示穿的动作，其反义词组是take off。‎ ‎“be in＋表示颜色或衣服的词”，强调“穿着；戴着”的状态。‎ dress既可以表示动作，也可以表示状态。表示动作时常用短语：dress sb.给某人穿衣服；dress oneself (get dressed)自己穿衣服。表示状态时常用be dressed in。‎ ‎【活学活用】‎ ‎7)Jenny， your sweater，or you will catch a cold.‎ ‎8)He is a boy of four.He can't himself.‎ ‎9)The girl often a white skirt.‎ ‎10)Do you know the woman red?‎ ‎11)She often a pair of glasses.‎ ‎►arrive，reach，get to ‎【典例在线】‎ We arrived in Beijing this morning.我们今天早上到达了北京。‎ They arrived at the small village last night.他们昨晚到达了这个小村庄。‎ Lisa reached her home very late last night.莉萨昨天晚上很晚才到家。‎ What time do you get to school every morning？你每天早上几点到校？‎ We arrived/got/reached here last night.我们是昨晚到达这里的。‎ ‎【拓展精析】‎ arrive是不及物动词，后加介词in接较大的地方，后加介词at接较小的地方。‎ reach是及物动词，后可直接接地点。‎ get是不及物动词，其后接介词to之后才能和表示地点的名词连用。‎ 注意：当arrive，get后接地点副词home，there，here时，不接任何介词。‎ ‎【活学活用】‎ ‎12)—I wonder when you ____ in New York.‎ ‎—I will send an email to you as soon as I ________ there.(2013，齐齐哈尔)‎ A．arrive；will get B．will arrive；get C．will arrive；will get ‎►sleeping，asleep，sleepy ‎【典例在线】‎ Mr.Li is sleeping，please call him later.李先生正在睡觉，请稍后再打电话给他。‎ The children are asleep now.现在孩子们睡着了。‎ On Friday afternoons，many students are sleepy after a long week of classes.经过长长一周的课程后，很多学生在星期五下午都是困倦的。‎ ‎【拓展精析】‎ be sleeping表示动作，意为“正在睡觉”，不确定是否睡着。‎ be asleep表示状态，意为“睡着了”。fall asleep意为“入睡”，表瞬间动作。‎ sleepy形容词， 意为“困倦的”。‎ ‎【活学活用】‎ ‎13)Don't make noise，the baby ．‎ ‎14)He was so tired that he fell at once.‎ ‎15)Because he stayed up to watch the football match，he felt during the next day.‎ ‎►other，the other，others，the others，another ‎【典例在线】‎ Do you have other questions？你还有其他问题吗？‎ I have two pens.One is red，the other is black.我有两支钢笔，一支是红色的，另一支是黑色的。‎ Some are dancing，others are singing.一些人在跳舞，另一些人在唱歌。‎ There are forty students in our class.Twentyeight of us are boys，the others are girls.我们班有40名同学。28名是男孩，其余的是女孩。‎ I don't like this one.Please show me another.我不喜欢这一个。请让我看看另一个。‎ Tom runs faster than any other boy in his class.汤姆比他班上的其他任何一个男孩跑得都快。‎ ‎【拓展精析】‎ other可作形容词或代词，作形容词时意为“别的；其他的”，泛指“其他的(人或物)”。‎ the other意为“另一个”，常用于两个人或物中的另一个。常用结构为one...the other...，意为“一个……，另一个……”。‎ others是other的复数形式，泛指“其余的(人或东西)”，但并非全部。用作代词，在句中作主语或宾语。常用结构为some...others...，意为“一些……，另一些……”。‎ the others意为“其他东西；其余的人”，特指某一范围内的“其他的(所有人或物)”，指全体中除去一部分后剩余的全部，相当于the rest，是the other的复数形式。‎ another既可作形容词，也可作代词，只能用于出现三个或者更多的人或物时，泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。‎ 注意：any other意为“其他任何一个；任何其他的……”，是指在同一范围内除了某人或某物外的其他人或事物，其后接单数名词。‎ ‎【活学活用】‎ ‎16)My family has two dogs.One is white，____ is black.(2013，孝感)‎ A．other B．another C．the other D．others ‎17)—Could we see each other at 9 o'clock tomorrow morning?—Sorry，let's make it ____ time.(2012，苏州)‎ A．other's B．the other C．another D．other ‎►either...or...，neither...nor...，both...and...，not only...but also...‎ ‎【典例在线】‎ Either you or your brother plays computer games.要么你要么你的弟弟玩电脑游戏。‎ I have neither brothers nor sisters.我既没有兄弟也没有姐妹。‎ Both Tom and Jim are good at drawing.汤姆和吉姆两个人都擅长画画。‎ The girl is not only pretty but (also) clever.这个女孩不但漂亮，而且很聪明。‎ ‎【拓展精析】‎ ‎①either...or...意为“或者……或者……；要么……要么……”，连接并列的句子成分。当连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则。‎ ‎②neither...nor...意为“既不……也不……”，连接并列的句子成分。当连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则。‎ ‎③both...and...意为“……与……两者都”，连接并列的句子成分。当连接主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。‎ ‎④not only...but also...意为“不但……而且……”，连接并列的句子成分。当连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则。‎ ‎【活学活用】‎ ‎18)—Where are you going to stay when you get to Shanghai?‎ ‎—I may live ____ in a hotel ________ in a friend's house.(2014，呼和浩特)‎ A．both；and B．either；or C．neither；nor D．not only；but also ‎19)—Neither Tony nor I ____ interested in playing Weibo.—You are out.(2014，广安)‎ A．am B．is C．are 一、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词。‎ ‎1．This song is quite (流行的) around the country.‎ ‎2．Taihu Lake is a good (地方) for people to go boating.‎ ‎3．Look！Ed is (打架) with Robert.‎ ‎4．Kevin thinks the dumplings are ．He wants to eat more.‎ ‎5．Listen！The girls are singing the new song in the next room.‎ 二、根据句意，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。‎ ‎6．A lot of (child) like playing sports after school.‎ ‎7．We felt quite (relax) after hearing the news.‎ ‎8．Mr.Wang is quite (friend) to his students.‎ ‎9．He doesn't have time (play) games with his sister.‎ ‎10．We must save the elephants and not buy things (make) of ivory.‎ 三、单项选择。‎ ‎11．Could you please ____ us a history story？(2013，永州) A．speak B．tell C．say D．talk ‎12．—When will the plane ____ Shanghai?—Sorry，I don't know.(2013，广安)‎ A．get B．arrive at C．reach ‎13．The students in this school are made ____ school uniforms on Monday.(2014，内江)‎ A．to wear B．wearing C．wear D．worn ‎14．—Would you like to have ____ cake?—No，thanks.I've had two.That's enough.(2014，连云港)‎ A．other B．Others C．another D．the other ‎15．—____ do millions of users visit the home page of the government?‎ ‎—To read the news and search for the information they need.(2013，上海)‎ A．When B．Where C．Why D．What 四、按要求完成下列句子。‎ ‎16．She often has dinner at_half_past_six in the evening.(对画线部分提问)(2013，重庆)‎ ‎_____ does she often have dinner in the evening?‎ ‎17．I enjoy rock music because_it_is_exciting．(对画线部分提问)(2013，乌鲁木齐)‎ ‎____ ______ you enjoy rock music?‎ ‎18．His sister is writing_a_letter in the classroom.(对画线部分提问)_____ is his sister in the classroom.‎ ‎19．我相信我们的中国梦一定会实现。(2013，烟台)I believe our Chinese dream will ．‎ ‎20．我们的班主任对我们的要求很严格。(strict)(2013，枣庄)_____________________________‎ 通知的写作 通知是上级对下级、单位对职工安排工作、传达事情或召开会议等所使用的应用文，运用非常广泛。通知一般可分为口头通知和书面通知两种。书面通知又有两种：一种是布告式通知，即以布告的形式把事情通知给有关人员；另一种是书信式通知，即以书信的形式把事情传达给有关人员。‎ 布告式通知以布告形式贴出，通常不用称呼，直接告知有关事宜；书信式通知以书信的形式发送，要求有明确的递送对象，要写明通知的具体内容。通知要求言简意赅、措辞得当、时间及时。‎ 一、通知的内容一般可分为五个部分：‎ ‎1．标题：通知的正上方通常要有一个标题。口头通知常用Announcement，书面通知多用Notice或NOTICE。‎ ‎2．呼语：通知往往要有呼语，如：Boys and girls，Ladies and gentlemen，Dear friends，Comrades，Dear Mr.Zhang等。‎ ‎3．正文：通知正文所使用的语言应尽量简明扼要。口头通知开始往往要加上“Attention，please.”或“Be quiet，please.”，其后可以加上“I have an announcement to make.”，结束时可加上“That's all.”，“Thank you！”之类的客套话。对举行活动的口头或书面通知，常用“Sth.will/is going to be held＋地点＋时间”或“There will/is going to be＋sth.＋地点＋时间”结构。结束语前常用“Please attend it on time.”，或“Don't be late，please.”之类的句子。‎ ‎4．日期：口头通知因是现场发布，不需要日期，但书面通知要写日期。布告通知的日期一般写在最后一行，即左下角，要低于落款；书信式通知的日期可写在右上角。‎ ‎5．落款：口头通知通常不用落款；书面通知要落款，写出发出通知的人或单位名称。落款一般写在通知的右下角。‎ 通知的写作思路：审题，列提纲，找要点，定句型，确定时态(通知一般使用一般将来时和一般现在时)，‎ 连句成文。‎ 二、写作典例。‎ ‎(一)‎ 学校定于6月28日14点30分在学校操场召开全校学生大会，大会内容为远离毒品(drug)，珍爱生命，要求按时参加。请你于6月27日以学生会(the Students' Union)的名义用英语写一则通知，词数不少于30词。‎ ‎【范文欣赏】‎ Notice Boys and girls，‎ May I have your attention，please?‎ I'm very glad to tell you a good thing.We will have a student meeting on the school playground.It is at 14：30 on June 28th.The meeting is about how to stay away from drugs and cherish your lives.‎ Please don't be late.‎ That's all，thank you.‎ June 27th The Students' Union ‎(二)‎ ‎“植树节”(Tree Planting Day)到了，你校学生会要组织全体学生参加植树活动。下面是有关活动的具体安排。‎ 活动时间：本周五(3月12日) ‎ 活动地点：学校后面的空地 集合时间与地点：早上七点三十分，学校操场 要求：全体参加，每班带七至八个脸盆(basin)，浇树用。‎ 请根据以上内容，以学生会的名义于3月10日写一则书面通知。‎ ‎【范文欣赏】‎ Notice Boys and girls，‎ This Friday is Tree Planting Day.We're going to have a treeplanting activity in the yard behind our school.All the students are required to take part in this activity.Each class needs to take seven to eight basins to water the trees.We're going to meet on the playground at 7：30 on the morning of March 12th.‎ Please don't be late.‎ March 10th The Students' Union