人教PEP版八年级下册英语课件-Unit 8-Section A(Grammar focus-4c)

人教PEP版八年级下册英语课件-Unit 8-Section A(Grammar focus-4c)

Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet? Translate the phrases. arrive on this island make a boat bring back give up wait for cut down build a house 到达这个岛 制作船 带回来 放弃 等候 砍倒 建房子 Revision kill … for food the marks of another man’s feet who else see sb. doing sth. run towards help sb. do sth. name sb. … teach sb. sth. 杀死……作为食物 另一个人的脚印 还有谁 看见某人正在做某事 朝……跑 帮助某人做某事 给某人起名为…… 教某人某事 Translate the following conversations. —你读了《小妇人》了吗？ —是的，我读了。/ 不，还没有。 —Have you read Little Women yet? —Yes, I have./ No, I haven’t. —蒂娜读了《金银岛》了吗？ —是的，她读了。 她认为这本书太棒了。 —Has Tina read Treasure Island yet? —Yes, she has. She thinks it’s fantastic. —你决定写哪本书了吗？ —是的，决定了。 我已经看完了。书真的很好。 —Have you decided which book to write about yet? —Yes, I have. I’ve already finished reading it. It was really good. Grammar Focus Have you read Little Women yet? Yes, I have./No, I haven't. Has Tina read Treasure Island yet? Yes, she has. She thinks it's fantastic. Have you decided which book to write about yet? Yes, I have. I've already finished reading it. It was really good. 现在完成时： 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造 成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的 动作或保存的状态。 结构： 主语+ have / has + 动词的过去分词 一般疑问句： have / has … ? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. Yes, she has. No, she hasn’t. 1. 现在完成时动词构成 have /has + v 过去分词 助动词 否定 haven’t hasn’t 疑问 Have you…? Has he…? 常与下列时间状语连用：just , already, yet, ever, never, before, several times 1.过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 和already，never,ever,just,before,yet等状语 连用。 2.过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态， 常与for或since引起的一段时间状语连用。 动词构成：have/has+v过去分词 have breakfast I have just had my breakfast. (现在我不饿) I’m not hungry now moved here in 2004 I still live here I have lived here for three years. I have lived here since 2004/three years ago. nowpast 2. 现在完成时动词可以表示开始于过去持续 到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态。 1) I have studied English since last year. 我从去年开始学习英语。 2) She has lived in Beijing for five years. 她住在北京已经五年了。 注意: come, go , leave, arrive, buy, lose, receive, join, die, bury 和marry 等动词所表示的动作是 一时的, 不能延续的, 故不能与for …, since … 等开头的表示一段时间的状语连用。不过, 这些 词用于否定句则可以与表示持续的时间状语连用， 即动作的不发生是可以持续的。 不能说: *He has come to Beijing for two years. *He has bought that book for three weeks. *He has joined the Army for one and a half years. *His grandma has died for nine months. * I have received his letter for a month. 可以说: He has been in Beijing for two years. He has had that book for three weeks. He has been in the army for one and a half years. His grandma has been dead for nine months. I haven't received his letter for almost a month. 3. 现在完成时把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来， 一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身, 与现在 的结果无关。现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上 的区别举例如下： I have cleaned my room. (My room is clean now.) 我已经打扫过我的房间了。 I cleaned my room last week. (I did it in the past.) 我上周打扫了我的房间。 Father has gone to Amoy. (He went to Amoy and he is not here now.) 爸爸已经去厦门了。 They have bought a dictionary. (They bought a dictionary and they have it now.) 他们买了一本字典。 注意: 现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语 (如: yesterday, last, year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when she came in 等)连用， 但可以和不明确指出时间的状语(如: already, yet, ever, never, sometimes, always, often, before, once, twice, recently, lately等)连用； 也可以和表示包括现在在内的时间状语(如： today, this morning, this week, this year等)连用。 ( 1).for+表示一段时间的短语 ( 2).since+表示过去时间点的词语 ( 3).since+表示过去时间的时间状语从句 eg.I have been a teacher ______ a year. He has been at this school _______ 1992. We have learned 1,000 English words _______ we came to this school. for since since 现在完成时句中常见的时间状语 A.表示从过去一直持续到现在, 不能是具体 的过去时间。 ever just already yet e.g. Have you _____been to Japan? I have _____ finished my homework. I have finished my homework ______. I haven’t finished my homework ____. B. just, already, yet, before/ ever, never有此 类副词时,常强调动作完成,不强调动作的持续. already “已经” ; yet “仍然, 还” 这两个副词常常用于完成时态, 其中already 常用于肯定句, yet常用于否定句和疑问句中。 如: Jim has already finished his work. Jim已经把他的工作做完了。 Mother hasn’t come home yet. 妈妈还没回来。 Haven’t you read The Call of the Wild yet? 你还没读过《野性的呼唤》吗？ • 现在完成时：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作 对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续 到现在的动作或保存的状态，强调的是现在的情况， 不能和表示过去的时间状语连用（如：in 1990， last Sunday 等）。 • 一般过去时：一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态， 和现在不发生关系（即动作或状态在现在已经结 束），它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别： have / has + V过去分词 She has already finished her work. 她已经把工作做完了。 I haven’t read the story yet. 我还没读过这个故事。 Have you met him before? 你从前曾见过他吗？ Lily has always been a good student. Lily一直是个好学生。 比较： I have seen him this morning . 我上午看见他了。(说话时在上午) I saw him this morning. 今天上午我遇见了他。(说话时可能是下午或者晚上) It has been cold this winter. 今天冬天一直很冷。(说话时仍是冬天) 1. A: Would you like something to drink? B: No, thanks. _______________________ (just/drink some tea) 2. A: I heard you lost your key. __________________? (find) B: No, not yet. 3. A: Do you know when Tom is leaving? B:___________________ . (already/leave) 4a. Use the words in brackets to complete the conversations. I’ve just drunk some tea Have you found it He has already left A: When _________________ ? (leave) B: This morning. 4. A: Is your sister going to the movies with us tonight? B: No. _________________________ . (already/see the film) 5. A: What do your parents think about our plan? B: I ____________________. (not/tell them/yet) did he leave She has already seen the film have not told them yet Sally _______ (love) reading. In the morning, she reads the newspaper and in the evening she reads books. She _____ already ______ (read) more than 100 different books! Her favorite kind of books is science fiction. She is interested in science and technology and loves to imagine 4b. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in brackets. loves has read what the world _______ (be) like in 50 years. She __________ (finish) reading a book about robots last week and _____________ (write) a book report about it next week for her French class. Every time she is in the library, Sally looks at the many books she_____________ (not read) yet and she can’t wait to read them! will be finished will write has not read 4c. Complete the chart with information about you and a friend. A: What books have you already read? B: I’ve already read Tom Sawyer and Harry Potter. A: What do you think of them? B: Well, I think Harry Potter was exciting, but Tom Sawyer was a bit boring. You Your friend Comments Books I have already read Movies I have already seen Songs I have already heard since for 用法 1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作 对现在造成的影响或结果。 e.g. –Have you had your lunch yet? –Yes, I have. I’ve just had it. (现在 我不饿了。) 2. 表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始，一直 延续到现在，而且可能还要继续下去。 Summary 现在完成时 构成 现在完成时是由“助动词have / has+ 动 词的过去分词”构成的，规则动词的过 去分词构成与过去式相同，不规则动词 的过去分词则需逐个记忆。（详见教材 P137~138） 句式 1. 肯定句：主语 + have/has + 过去分词 (+ 其他) 2. 否定句：主语 + have/has + not + 过去 分词(+ 其他) 3. 一般疑问句：have/has + 主语 + 过去 分词(+ 其他) 4. 特殊疑问句： 1) 特殊疑问词 (不是句子主语) + have / has + 主语+过去分词 (+ 其他) 2) 特殊疑问词(是句子主语)+have / has+ 过去分词(+ 其他) Retell what you did yesterday and what you have done now.