山西沁水县 2017 高考英语阅读理解选练（3）

山西沁水县 2017 高考英语阅读理解选练（3）

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 山西沁水县 2017 高考英语阅读理解选练（3） 【科普知识型---阅读理解】 Housed in Milan, one of Europe's dirtiest cities, Leonardo da Vinci's masterpiece The Last Supper still faces a threat from air pollution, researchers say, despite preventative measures that have significantly decreased pollutants in the church where the famous painting is on display. In 2009, Italian authorities installed a heating, ventilation (通风) and airconditioning system to protect the painting from Milan's polluted air. To see whether the system could improve air quality, a team of researchers led by Constantinos Sioutas, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at the University of Southern California, placed two airquality monitors inside the church for a year to collect samples from around painting. Results showed the levels of fine and coarse particulates were reduced near the painting by 88 percent and 94 percent, respectively, compared with the corresponding outdoor levels. “It's a spectacular reduction，” Sioutas said in a statement. “It is, frankly, very impressive.” Although the researchers applauded the successful decrease in particulates around da Vinci's painting, they warned that indoor sources of pollution may still pose a threat to the priceless painting. Fatty lipids (油脂) from the skin of customers in the church appeared in significant quantities around the painting, despite the fact that visitors getting access to the artwork are strictly regulated. Only a few visitors are allowed inside the church at a time, and they enter the building and can stay for only 15 minutes each. However, fatty lipids from visitors' skin can combine with dust in the air and pollute the painting if they come in contact with it, says study researcher Nancy Daher of the University of Southern California. Even previous restorations of the painting may pollute its surface, Daher said. Tiny particulates of the wax applied during early repair efforts can be emitted from the painting, get into the air and tarnish (使失去光泽) the painting in the same manner as the fatty lipids. The researchers noted that their airsample analysis could be used as a point of reference for future studies aimed at protecting valuable artwork and artefacts. 1．What does the underlined word “particulates” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．The smallest parts of a chemical substance. B．Things dirtier than usual. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 C．Certain types of gas. D．Extremely small pieces of dirt, which cause serious pollution. 2．According to the text, the following factors pollute the painting EXCEPT ________． A．fatty lipids from the skin B．tiny particles of the wax C．breath of the visitors D．dust in the air 3．According to the researchers, which of the following is NOT true of their airsample analysis? A. The airsample analysis was got by gathering air in the church for a year. B．The airsample analysis showed that the painting was completely away from air pollution. C．The airsample analysis can be helpful for future studies protecting valuable artwork. D．The airsample analysis showed that the particulates around da Vinci's painting were decreased successfully. 4．What can be the best title of the text? A．How to decrease levels of particulates effectively B．The famous painting —da Vinci's The Last Supper C．Keeping air pollution from damaging da Vinci's The Last Supper D．How to protect artwork in households 【要点综述】保存在意大利米兰市一家教堂的达·芬奇名画《最后的晚餐》受到空气污染的影响。虽采取 了措施使教堂空气质量得到提高，但仍存在一些污染隐患。 1．D 词义猜测题。综合分析文章及该词所在句子，可推知该词意为“颗粒(污染)物”。 2．C 细节理解题。根据文章信息可知，对名画《最后的晚餐》带来污染的因素主要有参观者皮肤上的油 脂、修复时产生的蜡颗粒及空气中的灰尘等。 3．B 细节理解题。从文章第一、二段可知，虽然教堂室内环境大为改善，但这幅伟大的画作仍受到各种 污染物的威胁。 4．C 主旨大意题。综合分析文章可知，本文主要介绍如何保护达·芬奇的名画《最后的晚餐》免受污染 物的影响，故 C 项为标题最佳。 【2014 高考训练题】 Here's how Brandon spends several hours each day: he walks up to strangers in New York City, asks for permission to take their pictures and then interviews them. With a combination of friendliness and good, but not excellent, photography skills, Stanton 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 has achieved one of the most unlikely success stories in a city filled with them. The 29-year-old began posting photos and quotations on his Facebook page, Tumblr blog and personal website, humansofnewyork.com, three years ago, and has owned more than one million fans. Now, hundreds of those pictures and interviews have been collected into a book, Human of New York, which landed into No.1 spot on the New York Times hardcover nonfiction （精装非小说类） best-seller list after its first week on sale. Stanton, a hybrid(混合) of interviewer, photographer and eager chronicler(历史记录者), is a Georgia native with no training as a journalist. He has owned two cameras in his life and admits he has never learned the technically correct way to use them. When he started the project in 2010, he had just lost his job as a bond trader in Chicago and decided to shift to a completely new career. When he moved to New York, he was friendless and nearly broke. Much of his time was spent on ambitious project of photographing10,000 people and mapping their whereabouts as a sort of virtual map of New York. Initially, people didn’t pay any attention to him, which made him disappointed. But he went on and his project gradually attracted an audience, starting with mostly people in their 20s. He has transformed himself into a recognizable face with a high income. Yaniv Soha, Stanton’s editor, said the young man has the rare gift of being able to connect with random people. “It’s about the stories as much as it is about the photos,” Soha said. “It’s really about his ability to relate to people and convey what makes them individual.” 51. What does Brandon Standon spend hours doing every day? A. Dreaming about ambitious projects. B. Trying to get more fans to visit his personal website. C. Taking photos of strangers and interviewing them. D. Getting strangers to share their secrets with him. 52. What makes strangers willing to talk to Standon? A. His friendliness. B. His high photography skill. C. His handsome look. D. His best selling books. 53. When Stanton started his picture and interview project, _____. A. he barely had any money B. he had just quit his old job and started a new one 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 C. he had made many good friends in New York D. he had already been famous on the Internet 54. According to Santon’s editor, what has made him successful? a. He is good at communicating. b. He is skilled in photographing. c. He knows how to chronicle important events. d. He conveys what makes people individual. A. a, b B. a, d C. b, d D. b, c 55. What’s the right order of the following events? a. Human of New York became a best-seller. b. Standon lost his job as a bond trader in Chicago. c. He started his project and few people paid attention. d. Standon posted photos and quotations on his Facebook page. A. b-a-c-d B. a-c-b-d C. b-c-d-a D. b-d-a-c 【参考答案】51~55 CAABC 【2014 高考训练题】 He is one of the most charming young heroes since Harry Potter. Like Potter, he is chosen to carry out a mission—busy preparing to lead to save the Earth during the upcoming war, but unlike Potter, he doesn’t get any chances to have fun or hang out with friends. He is Ender Wiggin, 15, the main character of the hit US sci-fi movie Ender’s Games, which came out on Jan. 7, 2014 in china. The story opens in 2086, 50 years after an insect-like alien race, called the Formics, attacked the Earth and killed tens of millions of people before being driven back to their home planet. Since then, human beings have been in a state of fear, awaiting a second attack. Earth’s military leaders seek young heroes to risk going into space for battle, and children are taught to compete for that. As the film explains, youths have quicker intuition(直觉)，make 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 quicker effective attack strategies than adults. So here comes Ender, the hero of all mankind. Though Ender is a thin kid, smaller than most, he is also smarter than average. He tends to analyze situations and easily find ways to achieve his goals. This rare gift makes him stand out and get chosen to the battle school, where he is directed to plan and carry out a series of attacks on the Formics, which he later uses to wipe out Earth’s enemies. According to The Hollywood reporter, the film best presents the power of empathy(感情移入)， which is what makes Ender a good leader. “The reason Ender succeeds is that he can foresee what his enemies will do on the battlefield,” explained the entertainment news site. 56. What does the underlined words “ a mission” in paragraph 1 refer to? A. Having fun and hanging out with friends. B. Fighting to save all the mankind. C. Being chosen as a leader of the Formics. D. Doing the same thing as Potter. 57. Why are youths chosen to fight with the Formics? A. Youths are smarter and more fearless. B. Youths are more willing to take risks. C. Youths have quicker intuition and reactions. D. Youths are stronger and lovelier. 58. What makes Ender stand out? A. His intelligence. B. His determination. C. His height and size. D. His attitude. 59. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text? A. The movie tries to tell us youths are braver than adults. B. Ender succeeds because he can read the enemies’ mind. C. Ender’s success proves that thin kids have big power. D. The movie intends to show us the future of the earth. 60. Where is the text most probably from? A. A story book. B. A film review. C. A tourist guidance. D. An advertisement. 【参考答案】56~60 BCABB 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项。 【2013 界虹口区质量监控测试题】 It helps to choose the colors you plan to live with in your home with awareness of how different colors affect your emotional and physical states. Every color has a unique meaning, and this can significantly affect how you feel in a room. Simple Solution: Using this simple chart, you can choose a room’s color to be in balance and harmony with the role you want a room to have in your and your family’s life. Red: A room that is painted red will energize, inspire activity and movement, help passion, and be powerful and stimulating. A red room can also be exhausting and overpowering, and stressful for those who are anxious. Orange: Orange rooms encourage happy, joyful, social gatherings. While an orange dining room or family room can stimulate the appetite, it is a great choice for such gathering places. Orange enhances parties, communication, positive feelings, and general good cheer. Yellow: Yellow rooms inspire intellectual clarity, organization, clear-headed thinking, and happy energy. Yellow is considered a color for the logical left side of the brain. Yellow is also very bright and somewhat energizing. Blue: Blue rooms are often chosen for bedrooms and meditation (冥想) rooms because its cool energy is very calming, restful, peaceful, and spiritual. Blue helps inspire a quiet meditative quality, and color therapy with blue has been found to reduce blood pressure. Blue is also useful to make one to sleep. Green: Green rooms are very restful but combine with an energizing quality. Green is the color of outdoors, calm and active at the same time. Green brings balance and harmony to a room, and can be used as a calming place for people who are troubled or in need of refreshment. 69. What impression can green rooms give to you? 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 A. Passionate and powerful. B. Refreshing and harmonious. C. Cool and calming. D. Inspiring and bright. 70. If you are going to hold a family gathering, which color of the room can best enhance your atmosphere? A. Red. B. Orange. C. Blue. D. Green. 71. Which of the following statements about color is NOT true? A. Yellow rooms inspire logical and clear thinking. B. Blue creates a quiet meditative quality. C. Different colors affect you emotionally and physically. D. Red rooms are acceptable when you are in a bad mood. 【参考答案】69-71: BBD 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项。 【2013 界虹口区质量监控测试题】 Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago. Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion. Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine (饥荒), infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, where as if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary societies, people feel a moral obligation (责任) to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illnesses than young or middle-aged people; unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often “go on welfare” 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 if they have a serious illness. When older people become senile (衰老的) or too weak and ill to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent (疗养的) hospitals have been built. These are often profit making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions are good, most of them are simply “dumping (倒垃圾的) grounds” for the dying in which “care” is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under skilled personnel (员 工). 72. The author believes that the increased size of the human population results from _______. A. an increase in birthrates B. the industrial development C. a decrease in death rates D. childhood diseases 73. It can be inferred from the passage that in hunting and gathering cultures _______. A. it was a moral responsibility for the families to keep alive the aged people who could not work B. the survival of infants was less important than that of their parents in times of starvation C. old people were given the task of imparting (传授) the cultural wisdom of the tribe to new generations D. death was celebrated as a time of rejoicing for an individual freed of (免除) the hardships of life 74. The phrase “this need” in the last paragraph refers to ________. A. prolonging the dying old people’s lives B. reducing the problems caused by the retired people C. making profits through caring for the sick or weak people D. taking care of the sick or weak people 75. According to the passage, which of the following statements about the old people in the United States is true? A. Many of them live on social security money which is hardly enough. B. Minority of them remain in a state of near poverty after their retirement. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 9 C. Many nursing homes are sponsored by religious and nonprofit groups. D. Older people have wealth or private insurance if they have a serious illness. 【参考答案】72-75: CBDA