2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(三十二)　夹叙夹议文——叙的是故事，议的是观点

2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(三十二)　夹叙夹议文——叙的是故事，议的是观点

‎2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(三十二) 　夹叙夹议文——叙的是故事，议的是观点 夹叙夹议文有记叙文叙事的特点，也具备议论文的特色，它一边叙述，一边分析、评论。其优点在于作者可以自由地表达情意。在结构方面，还起到总起、提示、过渡和总结作用。在叙议结合中，我们对作者的写作目的渐渐清晰，进而掌握文章大意，为解题做好铺垫。‎ ‎　　[高考典例]　2016•天津卷•B篇 ‎[读文明晰文章结构]‎ ‎[1]Every man wants his son to be somewhat of a clone, not in features but in footsteps. As he grows you also age, and your ambitions become more unachievable. You begin to realize that your boy, in your footsteps, could probably accomplish what you hoped for. But footsteps can be muddied and they can go off in different directions.‎ ‎[2]My son Jody has hated school since day one in kindergarten. Science projects waited until the last moment. Book reports weren’t written until the final threat.‎ ‎[3]I’ve been a newspaperman all my adult life. My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master’s degree in English. But Jody? When he entered the tenth grade he became a “votech” student (技校学生). They’re called “motorheads” by the rest of the student body.‎ ‎[4]When a secretary in my office first called him “motorhead”， I was shocked. “Hey, he’s a good kid，” I wanted to say. “And smart, really.”‎ ‎[5]I learned later that motorheads are, indeed, different. They usually have dirty hands and wear dirty work clothes. And they don’t often make school honor rolls (光荣榜)．‎ ‎[6]But being the parent of a motorhead is itself an experience in education. We who labor in clean shirts in offices don’t have the abilities that motorheads have. I began to learn this when I had my car crashed. The cost to repair it was estimated at $800. “Hey, I can fix it，” said Jody. I doubted it, but let him go ahead, for I had nothing to lose.‎ ‎[7]My son, with other motorheads, fixed the car. They got parts (零件) from a junkyard, and ability from votech classes. The cost was $25 instead of $800.‎ ‎[8]Since that first repair job, a broken airconditioner, a nonfunctioning washer and a nontoasting toaster have been fixed. Neighbors and coworkers trust their car repairs to him.‎ ‎[9]These kids are happiest when doing repairs. They joke and laugh and are living in their own relaxed world. And their minds ‎ ‎1.第1段提出自己对儿子的期望→议 ‎“As he grows you also age ...what you hoped for.”表明作者希望自己的儿子实现自己没有实现的目标。‎ ‎2.第2段叙述儿子对学习不感兴趣→叙 ‎3.第3段描述家庭氛围→叙 女儿在学校里的表现要比儿子好。‎ ‎4.第4段为故事的转折点→叙 ‎5.第5段表达自己对技校学生的传统观点→叙 ‎2、3、4、5段的叙述都是为了支持第1段作者的观点。‎ ‎6.第6～9段叙述儿子以具体行动改变了作者的看法→叙 ‎7.第10～11段得出结论→议 孩子虽然学习不优秀，不能追随父亲的足迹，但他自 are bright despite their dirty hands and clothes.‎ ‎[10]I have learned a lot from my motorhead: publishers need printers, engineers need mechanics, and architects need builders. Most important, I have learned that fathers don’t need clones in footsteps or anywhere else.‎ ‎[11]My son may never make the school honor roll. But he made mine.‎ 己选择的道路却让父亲引以为豪。‎ ‎[定区间•细比对]‎ ‎41．What used to be the author’s ？‎ A．To avoid becoming his clone.‎ B．To resemble him in appearance.‎ C．To develop in a different direction.‎ D．To reach the author’s unachieved goals.‎ ‎42．What can we learn about ？‎ A．His daughter does better in school.‎ B．His daughter has got a master’s degree.‎ C．His son tried hard to finish homework.‎ D．His son couldn’t write his book reports.‎ ‎43．The author let his son because he believed that ________.‎ A．his son had the ability to fix it B．it would save him much time C．it wouldn’t cause him any more loss D．other motorheads would come to help ‎[答案]　41.D　42.A　43.C ‎41．对儿子的期望――→定位第1段中划波浪线部分，分析得出答案。‎ ‎42．孩子的情况――→定位第3段中划波浪线部分，对比即可得出答案。‎ ‎43．修车――→定位第6段，根据最后一句得出答案。‎ ‎[课下语篇提能练]　　　 ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 ‎(2019•福州四校联考)The idea that you can use humor, laughter, and play to make you healthier probably seems too simple to be true. However, it is really true and simple. The sense of humor, laughter and play plays an important part in keeping you healthy.‎ Treat the blues with a sense of humor, which is closely tied to laughter. Laughter is infectious. Have you ever heard a big laugh of a young child and been able to keep yourself from smiling? When laughter is shared between people, it makes them closer to each other and increases their happiness. Smiling is the beginning of laughter and a smile is also just as infectious as laughter is. You can experience something by smiling at everyone around you, and you will feel happier just by sharing a smile, even with a stranger.‎ Play is an important part of making sure that we stay healthy. We are often encouraged to make ‎ sure our children play, and are told of the benefits of being out playing. However, what we often forget is that it is just as important for old people to make play be part of their life as it’s for children. Physical play is important for the old and it certainly helps prevent illness. While the studies are still in the early stages, the studies that have been done have shown that physical play certainly plays a part in preventing cognitive (认知的) falling.‎ Anyway, adding humor, laughter, and play to our life will influence us mentally, physically and socially and bring us many advantages. So we should make full use of humor, laughter and play to make our life more active, more interesting and happier.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1．What does the underlined word “infectious” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?‎ A．Playing an important role.‎ B．Keeping people in high spirits.‎ C．Quickly influencing other people.‎ D．Preventing illness from spreading.‎ 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据第二段第四句“When laughter is shared between people, it makes them closer to each other and increases their happiness.”可知，当人们分享笑容时，人们的关系更亲密，人们也会更加快乐。故infectious在此处意为“迅速影响其他人”。‎ ‎2．What can laughter increase according to the author?‎ A．Cognitive ability.　　　 　B．Good relationships.‎ C．A sense of humor. D．Happiness and trust.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“When laughter is shared between people, it makes them closer to each other and increases their happiness.”可知，在作者看来大笑能使人们之间的关系更亲密。‎ ‎3．What does the author think the old should do?‎ A．They should have a good rest.‎ B．They should play like children.‎ C．They should prevent cognitive falling.‎ D．They should take part in physical play.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Physical play is important for the old and it certainly helps prevent illness.”可知，作者认为老年人应该参与身体活动。‎ ‎4．Which of the following would be the best title for the text?‎ A．Humor, Laughter and Play for Health B．Always Keep Our Body Healthy C．Have an Active and Happy Life D．Let Our Body and Mind Relax 解析：选A　标题归纳题。根据全文内容尤其是最后一段的内容可知，这篇文章的主旨是幽默、大笑和玩耍有利于健康。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2019•辽宁五校高三上学期联考)Göran Kropp was a Swedish adventurer and mountaineer. In 1972, at the age of six, with his father’s help, he __1__ Galdhopiggen, the highest mountain in Northern Europe. Twentyfour years later, he stood on the highest peak in the world, Mount Everest. His journey to the __2__ shows just how independent, persistent (坚持的), and determined this __3__ man is. ‎ ‎__4__ most people arrive at the foothills of Mount Everest by some sort of modern __5__， ‎ Kropp bicycled 8,000 miles from his home in Sweden. Traveling by bike was not __6__. He stopped many times to __7__ his bike because rough roads caused mechanical problems for him. In addition, he was run after by dogs, stung by hornets (马蜂) and was caught in the rain several times before he __8__ the base of the mountain.‎ Kropp __9__ to climb Mount Everest the same way he traveled to the mountain: without the __10__ of others and without modern conveniences. Unlike other __11__ Kropp climbed the mountain without a guide or helper. He did not __12__ bottled oxygen to help him __13__ at high altitudes, and he carried all of his __14__ himself in a pack that weighed about 140 pounds.‎ It took Kropp __15__ tries to reach the top of Mount Everest. The first time, he had to __16__ only 350 feet from the top because the weather was too dangerous. Just a few days earlier, at that same level eight climbers had __17__ because of a sudden snowstorm in the mountain. He felt deep sorrow for them, but became more __18__. The mountaineer waited out the storm, __19__， and tried again a few days later. This time, he was __20__. After he walked down the mountain, he got back on his bike and rode the 8,000 miles back to Sweden.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。瑞典探险家Göran Kropp在六岁时便在父亲的帮助下登上北欧最高峰Galdhopiggen；二十四年后，他登上了世界最高峰——珠穆朗玛峰。在登山过程中，他从瑞典骑行8 000英里来到山脚，在不借助他人帮助的情况下成功登上山顶。‎ ‎1．A.heard of　　　　　　　 　B．dreamed of C．saw D．climbed 解析：选D　根据上文“Göran Kropp was a Swedish adventurer and mountaineer.”可知，Göran Kropp是瑞典探险家和登山者；并结合该句语境可知，他在六岁时，在父亲的帮助下登上北欧最高峰Galdhopiggen。故D项正确。‎ ‎2．A.top B．country C．area D．valley 解析：选A　根据空前一句可知，在二十四年后，他登上了世界最高峰珠穆朗玛峰；由此可知，他登上世界之顶的壮举展示了他的独立、坚韧不拔的精神。故A项正确。‎ ‎3．A.outstanding B．generous C．modest D．honest 解析：选A　上文提到他登上了世界最高峰，故可推知他是一个杰出的人。outstanding意为“杰出的”，故A项正确。‎ ‎4．A.Unless B．Once C．While D．Because 解析：选C　根据该句中的“most people arrive at ... Kropp bicycled 8,000 miles from his home in Sweden”可知，尽管大部分人是通过一些现代车辆(vehicle)来到珠穆朗玛峰山脚下的，但是Kropp是从瑞典的家里骑行八千英里来到珠穆朗玛峰山脚下。故C项正确。‎ ‎5．A.design B．vehicle C．theory D．material 解析：选B　参见上题解析。‎ ‎6．A.boring B．easy C．tiring D．busy 解析：选B　根据常识和下文中的“He stopped many times to __7__ his bike”可知，骑行去珠穆朗玛峰山脚下是不容易的。故B项正确。‎ ‎7．A.lock B．ride C．repair D．find 解析：选C　根据下文中的“because rough roads caused mechanical problems for him”可知，由于崎岖的道路引发自行车机械故障，所以他不得不多次停下修理自行车。故C项正确。‎ ‎8．A.left B．reached C．discovered D．toured 解析：选B　此处表示在抵达山脚下之前，他被狗追赶，被马蜂蜇，数次被困在雨中。故B项正确。‎ ‎9．A.chose B．refused C．agreed D．hated 解析：选A　根据下文中的“without the __10__ of others and without modern conveniences”可知，Kropp选择了他到山脚的同样的方式去攀登山峰，即没有别人以及现代设备的帮助。故A项正确。‎ ‎10. A．presence B．approval C．assistance D．knowledge 解析：选C　参见上题解析。‎ ‎11. A．observers B．travelers C．mountaineers D．hikers 解析：选C　根据语境可知，此处表示与其他登山者不同的是，Kropp登山没有向导或助手。故C项正确。A项意为“观察者”；B项意为“旅客”；D项意为“徒步旅行者”。‎ ‎12 A．gather B．order C．share D．bring 解析：选D　根据语境可知，他没有带氧气瓶帮助自己在高山上呼吸。故D项正确。‎ ‎13. A．breathe B．walk C．live D．stay 解析：选A　参见上题解析。‎ ‎14．A.medicines B．food C．clothes D．equipment 解析：选D　根据该句中的“he carried all of ... in a pack that weighed about 140 pounds”可知，他用一个大背包自带所有设备，总重大概140磅。故D项正确。‎ ‎15．A.two B．three C．many D．several 解析：选A　根据下文中的“The first time”以及该段倒数第三句中的“and tried again a few days later”可知，Kropp尝试了两次才登上珠穆朗玛峰。故A项正确。‎ ‎16．A.go on B．get up C．set out D．turn back 解析：选D　根据该句中的“because the weather was too dangerous”可知，第一次登山时，由于天气太危险，他不得不在离山顶只有350英尺的地方折回。D项意为“折回”，故D项正确。A项意为“继续”；B项意为“起身”；C项意为“出发”。‎ ‎17．A.slipped B．wandered C．died D．hurt 解析：选C　根据语境并结合该句内容可知，数天前，由于在珠穆朗玛峰相同的高度突然发生暴风雪，八名登山者死亡。故C项正确。A项意为“滑落”；B项意为“徘徊”；D项意为“伤害(感情)，伤心”。‎ ‎18．A.astonished B．determined C．satisfied D．discouraged 解析：选B　根据下文中的“tried again a few days later”可知，等暴风雪停止，数天后他又一次开始登山；由此可知，虽然他为故去的登山者感到悲伤，但是他变得更加坚定了。故B项正确。‎ ‎19．A.hid B．stopped C．survived D．rested 解析：选D　根据该句语境可知，这位登山者在暴风雪时休息数天，之后再次开始登山。故D项正确。‎ ‎20．A.thoughtful B．successful C．doubtful D．meaningful 解析：选B　根据下文中的“After he walked down the mountain”可知，这次他成功地登上了珠穆朗玛峰。故B项正确。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 In recent years, a new idea __1__ is called a “naked marriage” has arisen as the cost of living goes up. It has become a new trend for many young people in China. With a small marriage certificate in hand, they get married. And for the couples in a “naked marriage”， this certificate also contains other __2__ (meaning)．‎ A resident from Chengdu said, “There are many people like us born in __3__ 1980s. Our families cannot afford __4__ (buy) us new apartments, cars, let alone diamond rings. I think that’s very normal for regular families. We must make a better future on __5__ (we) own.”‎ A graduate of Sichuan University said，“The most important element in a marriage __6__ (be) love. I believe our living conditions will __7__ (gradual) get better.”‎ A professor says a “naked marriage” is in direct contradiction to China’s __8__ (tradition) marriage customs. However, as living costs continue to rise, this phenomenon may become more popular in the future.‎ But not all people have a positive opinion about a “naked marriage”. According to a survey __9__ (conduct) by sohu. com, only about 40% of the 3,500 people surveyed like the idea of a “naked marriage”. About 80% of men support a “naked marriage”， __10__ there are also 70% of women not supporting the idea because they think these marriages are not stable.‎ 语篇解读：本文介绍了“裸婚”的相关情况和人们对此持有的不同的态度。‎ ‎1．which/that　考查定语从句。近年来，一种叫作“裸婚”的新概念伴随着生活成本的增加出现了。定语从句中缺少主语，指代先行词 a new idea，故填which/that。‎ ‎2．meanings　考查名词复数。other后用可数名词复数形式。‎ ‎3．the　考查冠词。表示在具体某个年代，应用定冠词the。‎ ‎4．to buy　考查非谓语动词。我们的家庭负担不起给我们买新房子、汽车，更不用说钻戒了。afford后要接不定式to do作宾语。‎ ‎5．our　考查代词。我们必须独立地创造一个更好的未来。on one’s own意为“独立地”，故此处用our。‎ ‎6．is　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句主语为单数，且根据上下文可知，此处时态应用一般现在时，故填is。‎ ‎7．gradually　考查副词。空处修饰“get better”，故应用副词。gradually意为“逐渐地”。‎ ‎8．traditional　考查形容词。空后为名词，需用形容词修饰，表示“传统的婚礼风俗”。‎ ‎9．conducted　考查非谓语动词。一项由搜狐进行的调查表明，3 500人中只有大约40%的人认同“裸婚”这个想法。a survey与conduct之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词 作后置定语。‎ ‎10．while/but　考查连词。根据上下文可知，此处两个分句之间为转折关系，因此用while(然而)或but(但是)。‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 ‎(2019•合肥市高三调研)Our class organized visit to the Joy Nursing Home, that is next to our school, last Sunday. On our arrival, we begin to help the senior people do the cleaning. After that, some of my classmate put on interesting performances, but then we played games with them. All of them were amusing and laughed happily. We were such lost in the activities that we forgot the time. At noon, we were all had to say goodbye to them. And they were extreme grateful to us for their visit.‎ 答案：第一句：visit前加a; that→which 第二句：begin→began 第三句：classmate→classmates; but→and 第四句：amusing→amused 第五句：such→so 第六句：去掉were 第七句：extreme→extremely; their→our