【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之十（22页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之十（22页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之十 ‎[一]‎ J.K. Rowling is the author of the most successful book series in history, but her attempt to take on a new career as a screenwriter hasn’t been as smooth as she may have thought it would be. The sequel(续篇), “Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald”, shows that even the most successful author in the world is in need of checks and balances when making the transition to cinema.‎ Following the sale of half a billion copies of the Harry Potter series, Rowling is working hard to extend and enrich the mythology she created around the child wizard. In contrast to the eight Harry Potter movies, which were based on the seven books and most of which were written by experienced screenwriter Steve Kloves, the “Fantastic Beasts” series is scripted only by Rowling. This time she skipped the bookstores and went straight to the movie theater.‎ The “Fantastic Beasts” series takes its title from one of Harry Potter’s textbooks. The leap backward in time, a new set of adult heroes and a globe-spanning background show that Rowling is in tune with her fans and the spirit of the times. Harry Potter and his friends started out as a typical product of 1990s naivety, but since then the loyal veteran audience has experienced the shocks of the 21st century and grown mature and discouraged. The “Fantastic Beasts” series feel less like children’s fare; they deal with adults and frightening events that occurred in Europe at the end of the 1920s.‎ It’s 1927, and the criminal Grindelwald has escaped from prison to Europe. The hero, Newt Scamander, a zoologist of fantastic beasts, prefers to distance himself from politics and maintain his improvised nature reserve in London. But the young Prof. Dumbledore reminds him that neutrality is not an option in hard times. Dumbledore urges him to cross the Channel to Paris and stop Grindelwald, who is trying to plot a war to ensure the purity of the wizard race.‎ The rough outline of the plot constitutes only part of the movie. There are many other characters who appear in the mystery. I will mention the boy Credence who continues to have a central role in the struggle between the hero and the villain, even as his background remains a mystery. Similarly, Newt’s brother and partner, the snake-woman Nagini, and other new and old characters hint at an obscure past and future. Rowling populates her world with characters large and small, odd beasts and simplifies its story to lay the foundation work of the universe. The film lays strong foundations of mystery, but forgets to build any sort of structure above them. It’s like a construction site where the budget ran out too fast.‎ With movie screens full of superheroes and fantasy films, and every studio trying to float a fictional universe, Rowling is today’s most creative builder of cinema worlds, but there’s still a difference between her and a mega-corporation like Disney. Every character and beast is there because Rowling said so, not because the marketing division thought it would promote sales of merchandise. Rowling clearly has a true passion to create a mythology, and just as clearly, she hasn’t yet finished creating it.‎ The “Fantastic Beasts” series offers a world even fuller than that of Harry Potter. Once more she collaborates with David Yates, who directed the last four Harry Potter movies and now the two “Fantastic Beasts” pictures. Still, the world she’s created would be even more wondrous if Rowling had only filled it out with a crystallized or at least coherent plot. In the Harry Potter series, she mostly succeeded in making the films into independent works. But without experienced screenwriters to mediate between her imagination and the screen, the two “Fantastic Beasts” episodes are more like a chess game in which the creator moves characters from A to B as part of a broader strategy---which remains unclear.‎ ‎“Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald” is a film made for existing fans and doesn’t bother to appeal to a new audience. Not by chance does it offer a more mature world for fans who have grown up at least as much as Daniel Radcliffe. For them, the movie delivers the goods, but little of the magic remains. If Rowling continues to put out films without a beginning and an end, her world will collapse, leaving only the middle. It may be entertainment with captivating characters and effects, but it’s not a movie.‎ ‎65. What changes has J.K. Rowling made in her writing career?‎ ‎ A. She was forced to abandon her original writing career and start a new one.‎ ‎ B. She was determined to skip the bookstores and publish books on her own.‎ ‎ C. She started a new fantasy book having nothing to do with the Harry Potter series.‎ ‎ D. She tried to enrich the Harry Potter series as a screenwriter rather than a novelist.‎ ‎66. Who are probably the target audience of the “Fantastic Beasts” series?‎ ‎ A. Kids newly introduced to magic. B. Teenage students with grand dreams.‎ ‎ C. Adults going through life changes. D. Professional critics of fantasy books.‎ ‎67. What are the features of the “Fantastic Beasts” series?‎ ‎ A. Complex story and exciting characters.‎ ‎ B. Simple story but abundant characters.‎ ‎ C. Childish story and strange characters.‎ ‎ D. Sad story but inspiring characters.‎ ‎68. Big corporations like Disney choose movie characters and beasts based on _____.‎ ‎ A. potential profitability of the movies B. preference of their screenwriters ‎ C. consultation with the original author D. investigation into successful films ‎69. How does the author explain Rowling’s failure to create a clear plot?‎ ‎ A. By describing shooting processes. B. By listing official statistics.‎ ‎ C. By drawing a comparison. D. By citing examples.‎ ‎70. What does the author think of J. K. Rowling’s performance as a screenwriter?‎ ‎ A. It is really a disappointment for movie goers.‎ ‎ B. It is widely acknowledged by her book fans.‎ ‎ C. There exits much more magic in her screenplay.‎ ‎ D. There is still much room for improvement.‎ 参考答案及解析：65. D 66. C 67. B 68. A 69. C 70. D ‎[二]‎ If you could travel back in time five centuries, you’d encounter a freshly painted “Mona Lisa” in Renaissance Europe and cooler temperatures across the Northern Hemisphere. This was a world in the midst of the Little Ice Age and a period of vast European exploration now known as the Age of Discovery.‎ But what if we could look 500 years into the future and glimpse the Earth of the 26th century? Would the world seem as different to us as the 21st century would have seemed to residents of the 16 century? For starters, what will the weather be like?‎ Depending on whom you ask, the 26th century will either be a little chilly or extremely hot. Some solar output models suggest that by the 2500s, Earth’s climate will have cooled back down to near Little Ice Age conditions. Other studies predict that ongoing climate change and fossil fuel use will leave much of the planet too hot for human life by 2300. Some experts date the beginning of human climate change back to the Industrial Revolution in the18oos, others to slash-and-burn agricultural practices in prehistoric times. Either way, tool-wielding humans alter their environment --- and our 26th century tools might be quite impressive indeed.‎ Theoretical physicist and futurist Michio Kaku predicts that in a mere 100 years, humanity will make the leap from a type zero civilization to a type I civilization on the Kardashev Scale. In other words, we’ll become ‎ a species that can use the entire sum of a planet’s energy, mastering clean energy technologies such as fusion and solar power. Furthermore, they’ll be able to handle planetary energy in order to control global climate.‎ Technology has improved significantly since the 1500s, and this pace will likely continue in the centuries to come. Physicist Stephen Hawking proposes that by the year 2600, this growth would see 10 new theoretical physics papers published every 10 seconds. If Moore’s Law holds true and both computer speed and complexity double every 18 months, then some of these studies may be the work of highly intelligent machines.‎ What other technologies will shape the world of the 26th century? Futurist and author Adrian Berry believes the average human life span will reach 140 years and that the digital storage of human personalities will enable a computerized state of living forever. Humans will farm the oceans, travel in starships and reside in both lunar and Martian colonies while robots explore the outer cosmos.‎ ‎58. Why does the author mention the Little Ice Age in the first paragraph?‎ A. To show the severity of the current global warming.‎ B. To stress the close connection with the current climate.‎ C. To provide contrast to the prediction of future climate.‎ D. To illustrate the importance of protecting the environment.‎ ‎59. The prediction that Earth will cool down is based on _____ ‎ ‎ A. changes in solar activity B. ongoing climate change ‎ C. previous general assumptions D. current consumption of fossil fuel ‎60. What effect will the 26th century technologies have on human beings?‎ ‎ A. Humans will suffer from severe global warming.‎ ‎ B. Cyber technology helps human personalities survive.‎ ‎ C. Humans needn’t work with the application of robots.‎ ‎ D. Highly intelligent machines will replace humans. ‎ 参考答案及解析：58. C 59. A 60. B ‎[三]‎ Four years ago，we asked ourselves：What if we could create a shopping experience with no waiting in line and no checkout? Or could we create a physical store where customers could simply take what they want and go? Our answer to those questions is Amazon Go，where you could experience the idea of “just walk out shopping”．‎ Amazon Go is a new kind of store with no checkout required.We created the world’s most advanced shopping technology，so you never have to wait in line.With our “just walk out shopping” experience，simply ‎ use the Amazon Go app to enter the store，take the products you want，and go！No lines，no checkout.‎ Our checkoutfree shopping experience is made possible by the same types of technologies used in selfdriving cars：computer vision，sensor fusion，and deep learning.Our “just walk out technology” automatically detects when products are taken from or returned to the shelves and keeps track of them in your virtual cart.When you’re done shopping，you can just leave the store.Shortly after，we’ll charge your Amazon account and send you a receipt.‎ We offer delicious readytoeat breakfast，lunch，dinner，and snack options made fresh every day by our onsite chefs and favorite local kitchens and bakeries.Our selection of foodstuff ranges from bread and milk to cheeses and locally made chocolates.You’ll find wellknown brands we love，plus special finds we’re excited to introduce to customers.For a quick homecooked dinner，pick up one of our chefdesigned Amazon Meal Kits，and you can make a meal for two in about 30 minutes.‎ Our roughly 1，800squarefoot shopping space is conveniently compact(紧凑的)，so busy customers can get in and out fast.It is located at 2131，7th Ave，Seattle，WA，on the corner of 7th Avenue and Blanchard Street.All you need is an Amazon account，a supported smartphone，and the free Amazon Go app.‎ Amazon Go is currently only open to Amazon employees in our testing program，and will be open to the public soon.‎ ‎28．From the passage，we can learn that Amazon Go________. ‎ A．is a checkoutfree store B．sells all kinds of goods C．is open to the public D．uses unknown technologies ‎29．What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 3?‎ A．When Amazon Go charges.‎ B．How Amazon Go works.‎ C．Where Amazon Go lies.‎ D．What Amazon Go sells.‎ ‎30．Customers pay for the products from Amazon Go by________．‎ A．paying cash at the counter B．walking out of the store C．using their Amazon accounts D．scanning smartphones when leaving ‎31．The main purpose of the passage is to ________．‎ A．encourage people to shop online ‎ B．advise people to work for Amazon C．inform people of a new concept store D．tell people of the shopping experience 参考答案及解析：‎ 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了有关Amazon Go便利店的一些信息。‎ ‎28.A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，Amazon Go便利店无需在收银台结账，故A项正确。‎ ‎29.B解析：段落大意题。通读第三段可知，该段主要介绍了无人收银的技术原理，即类似于无人驾驶汽车的技术；还介绍了顾客付款的技术原理。据此可知，该段主要介绍Amazon Go便利店的运作原理，故B项正确。‎ ‎30.C解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Shortly after，we’ll charge your Amazon account and send you a receipt.”可知，在顾客离开后，Amazon Go会通过亚马逊账户收取顾客的费用，故C项正确。‎ ‎31.C解析：写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一种新形式的零售便利店Amazon Go，介绍了该便利店的运作过程、技术原理、地理位置、即食食品服务等。故C项正确。‎ ‎[四]‎ Forbes set out to determine which master’s degrees would provide the best long-term opportunities, based on salary and employment outlook. To find the mid-career average pay for 35 popular degrees, we turned to Payscale.com, which lets users compare their salaries with those of other people in similar jobs by gathering real-time salary data from its 35 million profiles. We then looked at the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ employment estimate data to see how fast employment was expected to increase between 2010 and 2020 in popular jobs held by people with each degree. Finally we averaged each degree’s pay rank and estimated growth rank to find the best and worst master’s degrees for jobs.‎ Physician assistant degree is at the top of the Forbes’ third-annual look at the best master’s degrees for jobs. Physician assistants are medical professionals who provide diagnostic and preventative health care services under the guidance of doctors.‎ ‎“Both an aging population and health care reform are contributing to a higher demand for health care services,” says Katie Bardaro, Payscale’s lead economist. ‎ They don’t earn as much as doctors, but their mid-career average pay is $97,000. Another advantage of a physician assistant degree: Employment opportunities are expected to grow 30% by 2020 (from the 2010 employment numbers), according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.‎ By our count, computer science follows close behind as the No. 2 best advanced degree for jobs. Mid-career average pay for these grads is $109,000, sixth best out of the 35 degrees in our survey. Employment opportunities for computer science degree-holders are expected to expand about 22% between 2010 and 2020. Electrical engineering, physics and economics degrees also make the top 10, all with an average mid-career salary of more than $110,000 a year.‎ Not all master’s degree holders enjoy anywhere near such optimistic job prospects(前景) or extraordinary pay. Biology, chemistry and history degrees are toward the bottom of the list—but that doesn’t mean they’re useless. If you’re enthusiastic about these fields, the lower pay and slimmer job prospects shouldn’t prevent you from pursuing a master’s. ‎ Before you make a decision, you should bear one thing in mind: master’s degree-holders don’t necessarily earn more than other people in similar jobs—so don’t base your decision to pursue one on the idea that you’ll bring in bigger paychecks.‎ It’s also important to think about work-life balance and employee satisfaction for the common jobs associated with these degrees. “You need to consider overall happiness,” Bardaro says. “If obtaining a master’s degree causes an imbalance due to time devoted to education and potentially more stress at work, then one will need to decide if these costs are worth it.”‎ ‎27. Forbes turned to Payscale.com to __________.‎ A. let users compare their salaries with those of other people in different jobs B. see how fast employment was expected to increase between 2010 and 2020‎ C. sum up the pay of those graduates with 35 popular degrees in different fields D. figure out the mid-career average pay in popular jobs held by people with different degree ‎28. Physician assistant degree ranks first on the list because __________.‎ A. Physician assistants are medical professionals.‎ B. Physician assistants enjoy the highest pay compared with other grads.‎ C. The qualifications of physician assistants are not second to those of doctors.‎ D. The demand of physician assistants is expected to expand largely and they are well-paid.‎ ‎29. What can be inferred from the passage?‎ A. $100,000 is a satisfying pay for most of the grads.‎ B. It is the first time that Forbes has done a survey of this kind.‎ C. Biology degrees were once hot for those master’s degree pursuers.‎ D. Doctors earn more than those in electrical engineering on the average.‎ ‎30. According to what Bardaro said in the last paragraph, we may safely conclude that __________.‎ A. obtaining a master’s degree is a must B. a master’s degree is not always worth pursuing C. obtaining a master’s degree leads to an imbalance between work and life D. those with master’s degrees are bound to earn more than other people in similar jobs 参考答案：27-30. DDAB ‎[五]‎ In the book The Best Little Girl in the World, Kessa has a serious eating disorder (进食障碍) called anorexia nervosa. But she is not alone. Many people have this eating disorder.‎ In the beginning of her story, Kessa is a normal 15-year-old. She is good at many things, especially dancing. She has danced for many years and loves it. One day her dance teacher tells her to continue eating right, but maybe lose a few pounds. Once Kessa hears this, she takes things too far. Instead of cutting down on snacks and junk food, she decides not to eat at all. She does not eat breakfast, lunch, or dinner. She begins losing ‎ weight and becomes slimmer (更加苗条的) and slimmer. But she loses weight to a point where she is unhealthy.‎ As her poor eating habits continue, her parents start getting as much help as possible to cure (治疗) their beautiful daughter. But it is just as hard for Kessa’s parents to deal with her disorder as it is for her. Every day she exercises to lose more pounds and plans what and when she will eat. Her parents try everything, but Kessa decides not to have any fat on her body.‎ Kessa’s doctor and parents finally take her to the hospital. She is now so thin that she can hardly walk. There, she is given good care.‎ In the rest of the book, Kessa goes through a lot of trouble in order to cure her eating disorder. This book, I think, can help to prevent people from doing this to themselves. It shows the trouble that people go through just to be slimmer, and all the terrible things they must experience to be cured. It is a book I think every teenager should read. ‎ ‎24. What does Kessa do to lose weight?‎ A. She stops eating. B. She eats less junk food.‎ C. She has three small meals a day. D. She dances many more hours a day.‎ ‎25. What do we know about Kessa’s eating disorder?‎ A. It is caused by her dance teacher. B. It’s too serious to be cured.‎ C. It makes her suffer a lot. D. It’s an unusual illness.‎ ‎26. The book mentioned in the text is mainly about _____.‎ A. how to cure eating disorder B. the importance of eating right C. a girl’s fight against an eating problem D. why so many people have eating disorder ‎27. The author writes the passage to _____.‎ A. share a moving story with readers ‎ B. give teenagers some advice on eating habits C. tell parents to take good care of their children ‎ D. warn people not to make the same mistakes as the girl ‎ 参考答案：24-27 ACCD ‎ ‎[六]‎ American students often have to take out loans to help pay for their education. Some students are very interested in the cost of undergraduate and graduate study in the United Sates. The first thing we should know is that the prices are different from school to school. The private colleges and universities generally cost more than public ones. Another thing to keep in mind is that not all students pay the “published price” of a school. Financial aid and scholarships may reduce the cost.‎ The average published price for undergraduate study at a four-year public college was about seven thousand dollars. That was for students from “in state”. Students from other states as well as international students paid an average of more than eighteen thousand dollars. This is the bad news—international students often have to pay the highest prices. And these averages were only for tuition （学费）fees. Food, housing, books and supplies can add ten to twelve thousand dollars a year. The College Board says the average tuition at a private college was about twenty-six thousand dollars.‎ Many students save money by starting their education at a two-year public college, also known as a community college. The average tuition this year was about two thousand five hundred dollars.‎ A few American colleges provide a free education, including the military and Merchant Marine academies. They accept some foreign students. ‎ Berea College is a small Christian school in Berea, Kentucky, that pays all first-year costs for its foreign students. But they are expected to pay one thousand dollars a year after that. Summer jobs are provided to help meet this cost.‎ Costs for graduate study in the United States also differ from school to school, and even from program to program. Here too, public universities charge more for out-of-state tuition. For example, at the University of Kentucky, out-of-state graduate tuition averaged about eighteen thousand dollars this year. In-state was about nine thousand.‎ ‎51. The passage is mainly talking about .‎ A. how much an undergraduate or graduate needs to pay for studying in the United States.‎ B. how an undergraduate or graduate can choose a suitable program or college in the USA.‎ C. how much a foreign undergraduate or graduate needs to pay for studying in the USA.‎ D. why so many undergraduates and graduates are studying in the USA.‎ ‎52. Generally speaking, the annual cost of a foreign college student in a public college in the USA is •‎ A. 36-40 thousand dollars B. 17-19 thousand dollars C. 26 thousand dollars D. 28-30 thousand dollars ‎53. A foreign student who chooses Berea College is able to .‎ A. get more career opportunities during summer vacations B. reduce the cost of receiving education in the USA a lot C. have the chance to get along with world famous professors D. earn a great deal of money when they are at college ‎54. What should an American graduate do in order to save money according to the passage?‎ A. He should choose a public university in his own state.‎ B. He should choose those unfamous public universities.‎ C. He should avoid changing his major at college.‎ D. He should try to do some part-time jobs.‎ ‎55. What can be inferred from the passage?‎ A. The college tuition in America is higher than that in other countries.‎ B. The higher the tuition is, the better the college is in the USA.‎ C. Not all the parents in the USA will pay their children’s tuition of college.‎ D. Some American students have to leave college because of the high tuition.‎ 参考答案及解析：51—55 ADBAC ‎[七]‎ While learning the science lessons, I used to get a doubt—why ear, nose, tongue and eyes should be called as special senses? The basic reason is that these are the channels through which we maintain contact with the surroundings. Though apparently it may feel like these are individual sensory organs, they do show some connectivity. Interestingly, our hearing is less sharp after we eat a heavy food. Isn’t it good for a sound nap after a stomach-full meal? That does not mean we go deaf after a meal, but the hearing pitch（强度）does change after a heavy meal.‎ We usually give credit of the taste to our tongue, but do you know that unless saliva（睡液）dissolves something, our tongue cannot recognize the taste of the food eaten. Taste is nothing but the food chemicals dissolved in the saliva being sensed by the taste buds present on the tongue. Try to dry off your tongue and mouth with a tissue paper and then taste something. ‎ Women are much better smellers than men. They are born with this characteristic ability and can correctly pinpoint（准确说出）the exact fragrance of the sample. We all can store almost 50,000 different scents, ‎ which are strongly tied to the memories.‎ Pupils（瞳孔）do not respond to light alone, but to the slightest bit of noise around too. Thus surgeons, watchmakers and those professionals who have to perform a much delicate job do prefer to have a sound-free environment. Even a small noise can dilate（扩大）their pupils, change the focus and blur（使模糊）their vision. If you do not wear glasses or contact lens due to having a 6/6 vision, you are just among the one third of the human population. It is now statistically proved that only one third of the population has perfect vision, rest all are either wearing glasses or are trying to read with a compromised vision.‎ Each and every one of us has a particular or individualistic or characteristic smell, which is unique to us, except for the identical twins. This smell is very subtle（微妙的）yet can be sensed even by a newborn. It may be due to this scent that the newborn recognizes the presence of his parents around. Many of us can pinpoint the smell of our significant friends and colleagues. A significant part of this phenomenon is guided by genetics but it is also changed by the environment, diet and personal hygiene. This all together creates the unique chemistry that is individualistic for each person.‎ ‎46. We can learn from Paragraph I that .‎ A. after a full meal our hearing is as good as before B. all sensory organs are connected and can be exchanged C. sensory organs’ functions can never be changed for their particular character D. we feel and learn about the world around us through our eyes, ears, nose and tongue ‎47. What may happen after you have had a rich lunch?‎ A. Your eyes become dim. B. You may feel energetic and fresh.‎ C. Your hearing pitch may be decreased. D. Your tongue may lose the ‎ function of taste.‎ ‎48. What does the author mean by the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2?‎ A. Our tongues can’t be dried while eating something.‎ B. If your tongue is dried without any saliva on it, it will not work.‎ C. A tissue paper is the only thing that can be used to dry our tongues.‎ D. If your tongue is dried with a tissue paper, it may work as well as before.‎ ‎49. What makes each person different from anyone else except twins?‎ A. The number of sensory organs. B. The functions of sensory organs.‎ C. The particular smell of a person. D. The style of one’s behaviour.‎ ‎50. What is the text mainly about?‎ A. The functions of sensory organs.‎ B. The connectivity of our tongue and ear.‎ C. A newborn’s senses of the sensory organs.‎ D. The differences of senses between women and men.‎ 参考答案及解析：46—50 DCBCA ‎[八]‎ Modern humans have a hard time controlling their desire to eat. Often you eat not because you are hungry, but because you are affected by many other things. How much you eat is strongly affected by how much those around you eat. People eating alone eat least. People eating with one other person eat 35 percent more than they do at home. People dining in a party of four eat 75 percent more. Eating with overweight friends? You’ll eat more. Is your waitress overweight? You’ll eat more. A wide variety of food? You’ll eat more.‎ ‎ Plates can decide how sweet dessert tastes. If people ate it off a paper plate, they’d say, “This is good.” If they ate it off a fancy silver plate, they would say, “This is the greatest cake I’ve eaten in my entire life.”‎ ‎ Your knowledge about what makes food good or bad also affects how much you eat. You tend to eat more when you think the food is good, and less when you think it is bad. So Grandma’s cookies always taste better than other cookies. “Good food” even has a “health halo(光环) effect”. If we’re eating something healthy, we feel that everything in that meal is healthy. Due to this, people often believe that a cheese cake with a salad has fewer calories than the cheese cake alone. That’s perhaps also why ‎ eating organic food might turn you into an annoying guy. Your brain may use anything that makes you feel good about your own morality(道德) to excuse your immoral behavior.‎ ‎ Food and hunger affect your judgment too. Hungry judges give more serious sentences. Kids who don’t eat breakfast behave worse than kids who eat their breakfast. People who have low blood sugar are more likely than the average person to have trouble concentrating and controlling their unpleasant emotions.‎ ‎28.What is mentioned as a cause of overeating?‎ ‎ A. Suffering from great loneliness. B. Eating with many friends.‎ ‎ C. Being treated to high quality food. D. Being served by a helpful waitress.‎ ‎29. According to the passage, an annoying person may be one who ______.‎ ‎ A. competes with others in making cookies ‎ B. is crazy about the quality of plates ‎ C. finds any excuse for eating more ‎ D. teaches people to stick to morality ‎30. According to the passage, people are more likely to make a bad judgment when ______.‎ ‎ A. they have low blood sugar B. they know little about food ‎ ‎ C. they don’t feel hungry D. they aren’t overweight ‎31. What would be the best title for the passage?‎ ‎ A. When Can’t We Go on a Diet? B. Where to Find Safe Food ‎ C. How to Make Good Food D. What Affects Eating?‎ 参考答案及解析：28-31 BCAD ‎[九]‎ It looked like a typical business meeting. Six men, neatly dressed in white shirts and ties filed into the boardroom of a small Jakarta company and sat down at a long table. But instead of consulting files or hearing reports, they closed their eyes and began to meditate, consulting the spirits of ancient Javanese kings. Mysticism touches almost every aspect of life in Indonesia and business is no exception. One of the meditators said his weekly meditation sessions are aimed mainly at bringing the peace of mind that makes for good decision-making. But the insight gained from mystic communication with spirits of wise kings has also helped boost the ‎ profits of his five companies.‎ ‎  Mysticism and profits have come together since the 13th century introduction of Islam to Indonesia by Indian Moslem merchants. Those devout traders, called ‘Wali Ullah’ or ‘those close to God, ’ energetically spread both trade and religion by adapting their appeals to the native mysticism of Java. Legends attribute magic power of foreknowledge to the Wali Ullah. These powers were believed to be gained through meditation and fasting.‎ ‎  Businessman Hadisiko said his group fasts and meditates all night every Thursday to become closer to God and to contact the spirits of the great men of the past. ‘If we want to employ someone at the managerial level, we meditate together and often the message comes that this man can’t hole onto money or he is untrustworthy. Or maybe the spirits will tell us he should be hired.’  Hadiziko hastened to add that his companies also hold modern personnel management systems and that formal qualifications are essential for a candidate even to be considered. Perspective investments also are considered through mystic meditation. ‘With the mind relaxed and open, it is easier to be objective in judging the risk of a new venture. Meditation and contact with the wisdom of the old leaders sharpens your own insight and intuition. Then you have to apply that intuition to the information you have and work hard to be successful. ’ Mystic meditation helped reverse a business slide his companies experienced in the mid-1980. Operating with normal business procedures, he lost more than $ 3 millions in that year alone. Meditation brought back his peace of mind. Putting the right persons in the right jobs and gaining confidence in his business decisions were the keys to a turning around that has brought expansion and profitability. The mysticism in Handspike’s boardroom is part of a growing movement in Indonesia called Kebatinan – the ‘search for the inner self.’‎ ‎  One of his managers, Yusuf Soemado, who studied business administration at Harvard University, compared the idea of mystic management to western system of positive thinking. ‘Willpower and subconscious mind are recognized as important factors in business. Such approaches as psycho-cybernetics, Carnegie’s think and growth rates, or the power of positive thinking are western attempts to tap the same higher intelligence that we contact through meditation,’ he said.‎ ‎1.What is the most important factor in their doing business?‎ ‎[A] Mysticism.‎ Religion.‎ ‎[C] Meditation.‎ ‎[D] Investment.‎ ‎2.Whom do they consult?‎ ‎[A] The spirits of ancient Javanese kings.‎ Wali Ullah.‎ ‎[C] Old Kings.‎ ‎[D] Carnegie.‎ ‎3.Why did Hadisike hasten to add ‘his companies also hold modern personnel management systems…’?‎ ‎[A] He thought Mysticism was not so good as expected.‎ To show they too focused on qualifications.‎ ‎[C] To show they hired qualified persons.‎ ‎[D] To show the possibility of combination of the scientific management with religion.‎ ‎4.According to the passage, the function of the meditation is ‎[A] to gain profit from the god.‎ to gain peace of mind to make decision.‎ ‎[C] to gain foreknowledge.‎ ‎[D] to gain objective conclusion.‎ ‎5.What does ‘operating with normal business procedures’ refer to?‎ ‎[A] Adopting the western way of doing business.‎ Ordinary way of doing business without meditation and fasting.‎ ‎[C] Contact with God.‎ ‎[D] Putting right persons in the right jobs.‎ 参考答案及解析：‎ 这是一篇新闻报导，讲述印度尼西亚商人如何经营公司。主要采用一般到具体写作手法。1.C 沉思。这在第一断已有说明。‎ ‎2.A 爪哇古代帝王之精灵。答案在第一段。‎ B. Wali Ullah是指印度穆斯林商人。这些虔诚的商人叫做Wali Ullah或者成为接近主的人。传说神话也把先知的力量归功于Wali Ullah。C. 老帝王。D. 卡耐基，1835-1919是生于苏格兰的美国钢铁工业家和慈善家。他有一套管理企业的办法，称为卡耐基思想（管理法）。‎ ‎3.B 他们也重视资历、才能。这在第三段中第二行起，商人 Hadisiko讲话清楚说明“如果我们要雇佣管理人员，我们就一起沉思，常常会有这种信息来临：这个人不能管理钱财或者他不可靠。也可能神灵告诉我们应当雇佣他。接着他匆忙补充说他的公司也采用现代人事管理系统，即要考虑雇佣的人员最根本的条件仍是正式资历”。‎ A. 他认为神秘主义不像想象中那么好。C. 表明他们雇佣人才。上下文说明，他所以补充是说明他们也重视资格。D. 表明科学管理和宗教结合的可能性。Hadisike语中没有这种意思。但不能说他们雇佣人才不管宗教。‎ ‎4.B 得到冷静头脑来决策。这在第三段后半部分讲到。“远景的投资也是通过神秘的沉思加以考虑。有着放松和开放的头脑，易于客观地判断新投资的风险。沉思和过去领袖的接触会是你的洞察力和感官变得敏锐。”第一段第五行“其中一位沉思者说每星期的沉思会主要目标是带来一个平静的头脑，作出好决策。”A. 从上帝那里得到利润。 C. 取得先知。不对，先知的能力归于Wali Ullah。D. 得到客观的结论。文内只提到，头脑放松容易客观地判断投资风险与否，并不是客 观的结论。‎ ‎5.B 没有沉思和斋戒的常规作生意。见第三段中，神秘的沉思帮助扭转公司生意滑坡而正常买卖步骤，这一年就损失了300万美元。这两句对比的话说明B项内容。A. 采用西方买卖方式（交易方式）。文内没有点明正常就是西方方式。C. 和上帝接触。D. 知人善任。‎ ‎[十]‎ Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.‎ ‎  This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or – independently of any course – simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.‎ ‎  We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not an unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far form being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equally.‎ ‎  We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn’t take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.‎ ‎1.According to the passage, ‘scientific subculture’ means ‎[A] cultural groups that are formed by scientists.‎ people whose knowledge of science is very limited.‎ ‎[C] the scientific community.‎ ‎[D] people who make good contribution to science.‎ ‎2.We need to know something about the structure and operation of science because ‎ ‎[A] it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate scientists.‎ Science affects almost every aspect of our life.‎ ‎[C] Scientists live in a specific subculture.‎ ‎[D] It is easier to understand general characteristics of science.‎ ‎3.The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who ‎[A] are intelligent college students and lay person who do not know much about science.‎ are good at producing various gadgets.‎ ‎[C] work in a storehouse of dried facts.‎ ‎[D] want to have a superficial understanding of science.‎ ‎4.According to this passage,‎ ‎[A] English is a sexist language.‎ only in the scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidly.‎ ‎[C] women are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacy of our language.‎ ‎[D] male nouns or pronouns should not be used to refer to scientists.‎ ‎5.This passage most probably is ‎[A] a book review.‎ the preface of a book.‎ ‎[C] the postscript of a book.‎ ‎[D] the concluding part of a book.‎ 参考答案及解析：‎ 这是一篇书的序言，作者用夹叙夹议的写作方法介绍了书的涉及面及其功能。‎ ‎1.C 科学社区。答案在第一段第二句，人们也该了解科学家生活在其中的亚文化群以及他们是什么样的人。第三段又讲到，有关科学社区的画面以及妇女对科学亚文化的贡献。可见科学社区即亚文化。‎ ‎2.B 因为科学几乎影响到我们生活的各个方面。文章开综明旨点出：科学是我们文化中的重要主题，由于它几乎涉及到我们生活的每一方面，有知识的人至少需要熟悉一些结构和作用。‎ ‎3.A. 了解激发和挫伤科学家的事情可不太容易。（比较难） C. 科学家生活在特 定的亚文化群中。D. 了解科学的一般特性比较容易。A 不太了解科学的大学生或门外汉。第二段首句就点出了这本书为对科学一知半解的大学生和门外汉所写，为某些人，一直把科学看作干巴巴的事实堆砌的发霉的石屋的人；为那种把科学的主要目的视为生产小配件的人；为那些把科学视为某种魔术的人而写。这说明主要为A项人所写，对科学了解不多的大学生和普通人。B. 善于生产各种小配件。  C. 在干巴巴的事实堆砌的石屋中工作。 D. 相对科学有肤浅了解的人。‎ ‎4.D A. 英语是一种性别语言。 B. 只有在科学领域中，妇女的作用增长很快。 C. 妇女在晓民我们语言中的不适当性作出了巨大的贡献。根据此题注释说明这三项都不对。英语不能说成是有性别的语言，其中虽有些词性表示男性或女性。文内明确指科学界妇女增多是整个社会的趋势的组成部分。由于妇女在科学界的贡献，所以不能再用阳性名词或代词去指科学界，并不是在消灭语言……‎ ‎5.B 书的前言，见文章大意。A. 书的评论。 C. 书跋、书的附录。 D. 书的结论部分。‎