【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之二十九（15页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之二十九（15页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之二十九 ‎[一]‎ Gwendolyn Brooks was the first African American to win a Pulitzer Prize for Poetry. Gwendolyn Brooks wrote hundreds of poems during her lifetime. She was known around the world for using poetry to increase understanding about black culture in America.‎ Her poems described conditions among the poor，racial inequality and drug use in the black community. She also wrote poems about the struggles of black women. But her skill was more than her ability to write about struggling black people. She was an expert at the language of poetry. She combined traditional European poetry styles with the African American experience.‎ In her early poetry，Gwendolyn Brooks wrote about the South Side of Chicago. The South Side of Chicago is where many black people live. In her poems，the South Side is called Bronzeville. It was A Street in Bronzeville that gained the attention of literary experts in 1945.Critics praised her poetic skill and her powerful descriptions of the black experience during the time. The Bronzeville poems were her first published collection.‎ In 1950，Gwendolyn Brooks became the first African American to win the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry. She won the prize for her second book of poems called Annie Allen. Annie Allen is a collection of poetry about the life of a Bronzeville girl as a daughter，a wife and mother. She experiences loneliness，loss，death and being poor. Ms Brooks said that winning the prize changed her life.‎ Her next work was a novel written in 1953 called Maud Martha. Maud Martha received little notice when it was first published. But now it is considered an important work by some critics. Its main ideas about the difficult life of many women are popular among female writers today.‎ In some of her poems，Gwendolyn Brooks described how what people see in life is affected by who they are. One example is this poem，Corners on the Curing Sky.‎ By the end of the 1960s，Gwendolyn Brooks’s poetry expanded from the everyday experiences of people in Bronzeville. She wrote about a wider world and dealt with important political issues.‎ 语篇解读文章介绍了普利策诗歌奖的第一位非裔美国人得主——女诗人格温德琳·布鲁克斯的诗歌成就及作品特点。‎ ‎5．What does the text mainly talk about?‎ A．The life of Gwendolyn Brooks.‎ B．The poems of Gwendolyn Brooks.‎ C．The understanding about black culture.‎ D．The struggles of black women.‎ 答案B解析主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章向我们介绍了著名女诗人格温德琳·布鲁克斯的诗歌成就及作品特点。故B项最为恰当。‎ ‎6．What can we learn about Gwendolyn Brooks from the second paragraph?‎ A．She mainly wrote about the struggles of black women.‎ B．She was good at using the language of poetry.‎ C．Her writing skills were a little worse than her ability.‎ D．Her poems were mainly about the African experience.‎ 答案B解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段倒数第二句“She was an expert at the language of poetry.”可知，她是诗歌语言运用方面的专家，即她擅长运用诗歌语言。故选B项。‎ ‎7．The author develops the passage mainly by .‎ A．providing examples B．using statistics C．comparing opinions D．describing her experiences 答案A解析写作手法题。文章介绍的是诗人的诗歌成就及作品特点，根据文中的A Street in Bronzeville，Annie Allen，Maud Martha，Corners on the Curing Sky等可知，文章列举了她大量的作品作为例证。故选A项。‎ ‎8．In the next part，the author would most probably talk about .‎ A．the difficulties Gwendolyn Brooks would meet B．the poems related to political issues C．the awards Gwendolyn Brooks gained D．the racial inequality the black had to face 答案B解析推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，20世纪60年代末，她的诗歌内容从人们的日常经历扩展到更宽的领域，开始涉及重要的政治问题，所以下文很可能会谈论与该话题相关的作品。‎ ‎[二]‎ ‎“Did you hear what happened to Adam last Friday？”Lindsey whispers to Tori.‎ With her eyes shining，Tori brags. “You bet I did. Sean told me two days ago.”‎ Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about？It just happens to be yours truly，Adam Freedman. I can tell you that what they are saying is (a) not nice and (b) not even true. Still，Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton High School，including me. Many of our conversations are gossip(闲话)．I have noticed three effects of gossip：it can hurt people，it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction，and it can cause social pressures in a group.‎ An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. ‎ Usually，gossip spreads information about a topic—breakups，trouble at home，even dropping out—that a person would rather keep secret.The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is，the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie.People often think of gossipers as harmless，but cruel lies can cause pain.‎ If we know that gossip can be harmful，then why do so many of us do it？The answer lies in another effect of gossip：the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor(传言) can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t. Similarly，hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group”．In other words，gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority(优越感)．‎ Gossip also can have a third effect：it strengthens unwritten，unspoken rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. Translated into high school terms，this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said，then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.‎ The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news，think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.‎ 语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了闲话的三个影响：一是它会伤害人们的感情；二是它会给说闲话的人带来一种奇怪的满足感；三是它会在群体中导致社交压力。‎ ‎25．The author uses a conversation at the beginning of the passage to .‎ A．introduce a topic B．present an argument C．describe the characters D．clarify his writing purpose 答案A解析推理判断题。根据文章第三段倒数第二句“Many of our conversations are gossip(闲话)．”以及下文提到的gossip的三个影响可推知，开头的对话是为了引出本文的主题，故选A。‎ ‎26．An important negative effect of gossip is that it .‎ A．breaks up relationships B．embarrasses the listener C．spreads information around D．causes unpleasant experiences 答案D解析细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一句“An important negative effect of gossip is that ‎ it can hurt the person being talked about.”可知一个重要的负面影响是它会给被讨论的人带来不愉快的经历，故选D。‎ ‎27．In the author’s opinion，many people like to gossip because it .‎ A．gives them a feeling of pleasure B．helps them to make more friends C．makes them better at telling stories D．enables them to meet important people 答案A解析细节理解题。根据文章第五段第二句“The answer lies in another effect of gossip：the satisfaction it gives us.”可知，人们散播传言是因为它会带来满足感，故选A。‎ ‎[三]‎ If you are like most students, you probably sit still while learning a new language. However, sitting still may not always be the best way to learn. English learners can improve their language skills through movement, says Tamara Jones. She works at the English Language Center at Howard Community College in Maryland.‎ So, what is the relationship between physical movement and the brain? The idea is that the brain and the body are joined together. This means that one affects the other.‎ Many people are familiar with the idea that the brain tells the body to move. And many people are familiar with the idea that repeating an action over and over again helps your brain to remember. However, some research, such as a study by Morsella and Krauss, suggests that your body might help your brain to find memories. Specifically, movements we make with our body, such as hand gestures, may help us to remember and use the correct words.‎ This idea is part of the reason why experts on learning strategies, which are ways to improve the learning process, suggest using movements. One learning approach, the Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach, or CALLA, calls the use of movements “Using Your Kinesthetic (动觉的) Sense”．‎ Beyond helping the brain to find memories, movements also aid in learning, says Tamara Jones. “There's a lot of research that suggests what you do with your body, you remember with your brain. And also, a lot of these physical movements will encourage us in class or in life, when we are practicing on our own, to repeat and repeat and repeat the word as we are doing the physical movement, and this also helps us remember the word.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，动起来有益于语言学习，也就是说大脑和肢体的结合有助于语言技能的提高。‎ ‎1．Why does the author refer to Morsella and Krauss?‎ A．To measure their achievement.‎ B．To prove Jones' opinion right.‎ C．To introduce the theme of the passage.‎ D．To present a commonlyheld idea.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“English learners can improve their language skills through movement”以及第三段中的“a study by Morsella and Krauss, suggests that your body might help your brain to find memories ... and use the correct words.”可知，Morsella和 Krauss的观点是肢体可能有助于人们找寻记忆，记起并准确地使用单词，与文章首段中Tamara Jones的观点是一致的。因此作者提到这两个人是为了证明Tamara Jones的观点是正确的。故选B项。‎ ‎2．How can physical movements affect one's learning?‎ A．By shortening the repeating process.‎ B．By motivating the brain to remember things.‎ C．By helping one to study in a relaxed state.‎ D．By enabling one to use advanced words.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“movements we make with our body, such as hand gestures, may help us to remember and use the correct words”并结合最后一段的内容可知，肢体运动有助于刺激大脑进行记忆，由此可知选项B正确。‎ ‎3．Which statement may Tamara Jones agree with?‎ A．Knowledge starts with practice.‎ B．The body can control the brain deeply.‎ C．Movements help the brain work better.‎ D．Language learners must be more active.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的内容，尤其是“Beyond helping the brain to find memories, movements also aid in learning”可知，Tamara Jones的观点应是身体运动能帮助大脑更好地工作，有助于提高英语学习者的语言技能。因此选项C正确。‎ ‎4．What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph mean?‎ A．Practicing English on your own.‎ B．Speaking the word again and again.‎ C．Grasping an effective learning strategy.‎ D．Repeating words while moving your body.‎ 解析：选D　代词指代题。根据最后一段中的“to repeat and repeat and repeat the word as we are doing the physical movement, and this also helps us remember the word”可知，this指代的应是最后一个and前的内容，即当我们在做身体运动时不断地重复单词。故选D项。‎ ‎[四]‎ During an airport delay the man to the left, a Korean perhaps, starts talking to the man opposite, who might be Colombian, and soon they are chatting away in what seems to be English. But the native English speaker sitting between them cannot understand what they are saying.‎ The Korean and the Colombian are actually speaking Globish, the latest addition to the 6,800 languages that are said to be spoken across the world. Not that its inventor, JeanPaul Nerrière, considers it a proper language.‎ ‎“It is not a language; it is a tool，” he says. “A language is the vehicle of a culture. Globish doesn't want to be that at all.” It is a means of simplifying the English language and giving it rules so it can be understood by all.‎ Globish involves a vocabulary limited to 1,500 words, short sentences, basic grammar rules, and many hand gestures to get the point across. The word list goes from “able” to “zero”. “Niece and nephew are not included, but you can replace them with the children of my brother，” Nerrière says.‎ The seeds for Globish came about in the 1980s when Nerrière was working for IBM in Paris with colleagues of about 40 nationalities. At a meeting where they were to be addressed (演讲) by ‎ two Americans whose flight had been delayed, they started talking in their lowquality English. Then the Americans arrived and beyond their opening phrases, “Call me Jim，” “Call me Bill，” no one understood a word. And Jim and Bill, needless to say, did not understand the audience's English.‎ ‎“My colleagues all, like me, spoke lowquality English. One might have a vocabulary of 2,000 words, another of 1,200 and not the same words. One of the things of interest in Globish is that with 1,500 words you can express everything. People all over the world will speak with the same limited vocabulary，” says Nerrière.‎ Nerrière believes that with 182 hours' learning the student should be able to communicate in Globish. It is not a pretty language — full of redundancies (多余；累赘) — but Nerrière repeats that it is nothing but a tool. “It is not the language of great writers such as Shakespeare, Faulkner or Virginia Woolf，” he explains.‎ 语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章介绍了一种只有1 500个单词的国际辅助语——全球语。‎ ‎9．The native English speaker mentioned in the first paragraph ________.‎ A．knows the Colombian B．can't speak Globish C．doesn't like chatting D．can speak Korean 解析：选B推理判断题。根据第一段的“But the native English speaker sitting between them cannot understand what they are saying.”可知，这个以英语为母语的人不懂全球语。故选B项。‎ ‎10．According to Nerrière, Globish is ________.‎ A．a proper language B．the vehicle of a culture C．a means of communication D．the rule of the English language 解析：选C细节理解题。根据第三段的“It is not a language; it is a tool”和“It is a means ... so it can be understood by all.”可知，Nerrière认为全球语只是一种交流的工具。故选C项。‎ ‎11．Which of the following words can be used to describe the meeting in the 1980s?‎ A．Interesting. B．Amazing.‎ C．Unimportant. D．Unsuccessful.‎ 解析：选D推理判断题。根据第五段可知，Nerrière和他的同事们听不懂两个美国人的演讲，美国人也听不懂观众的英语，由此可见这次会议很不成功。故选D项。‎ ‎12．What can we learn about Globish?‎ A．It creates many new words.‎ B．It is very difficult to learn.‎ C．It doesn't require grammar rules.‎ D．It contains a list of 1,500 words.‎ 解析：选D细节理解题。根据第四段的“Globish involves a vocabulary limited to 1,500 words”可知，D项正确。‎ ‎[五]‎ There are around 6,000 living languages in the world — and at least half of these are in danger. In every part of the world, languages are disappearing. In fact, one scientist has said that languages are in more danger of extinction than birds or mammals. Professor Steve Sutherland of the University of East Anglia says that in the past 500 years 4.5 percent of languages have died ‎ out — compared with 1.3 percent of birds, and 1.9 percent of mammals.‎ Languages come and go, and thousands have done exactly that without leaving any trace (痕迹). Only a very few — Basque, Greek and Latin among them — have lasted more than 2,000 years. But it seems that the pace of their disappearance is becoming quicker.‎ The Ethnologue, a database of all the languages spoken in the world, states that 417 languages are spoken by so few people that they are in the final stages of becoming extinct. If very few people speak a language, it will probably die out.‎ Languages may be lost through migration (迁移), as people move from small towns to city centers, or when environments are destroyed by the search for oil or wood. Natural disasters can also devastate populations, and along with them, their language. Governments also play a role in the extinction of languages. The need to establish “official languages”， for a country to educate its children and carry out its business, had a disastrous effect on many small languages.‎ What is lost if a language is lost? Some people argue that languages die as the human race develops. Obviously there could be great benefits if everyone in the world spoke the same language — some industries already reflect this, with English essential for pilots and air traffic controllers. But there are more important things than convenience. As languages are lost, whole ways of life and knowledge may be lost along with them.‎ To put it simply, language expresses something about identity, about our place in the world. Ani Rauhihi, a Maori teacher in New Zealand's North Island, sums it up：“If you grow up speaking our language, you won't know who you are.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了语言不断消失的现象以及导致语言消失的原因。‎ ‎13．The figures mentioned in the first paragraph suggest that ________.‎ A．most languages have died out completely B．languages are in great danger of extinction C．animals are disappearing faster than languages D．languages are disappearing slower than before 解析：选B推理判断题。第一段罗列的数字就是为了说明科学家Steve Sutherland的观点：“languages are in more danger of extinction than birds or mammals”，即语言比鸟类和哺乳动物消失的速度快。‎ ‎14．The underlined word “devastate” in Paragraph 4 can best be replaced by “________”．‎ A．increase B．control C．destroy D．improve 解析：选C词义猜测题。由第四段中的“Languages may be lost through migration (迁移)”和“Governments also play a role in the extinction of languages.”可知，本段主要讲述了导致语言消失的原因，故由此推断，devastate意为“毁坏”。‎ ‎15．If a language is lost, ________.‎ A．there will be great trouble B．there is no need to worry about it C．its culture and knowledge will also be lost D．people will be able to communicate with others conveniently 解析：选C细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“As languages are lost, whole ways of life and knowledge may be lost along with them.”可知，随着语言的消失，与之相应的生活方式和知识也会消失。‎ ‎16．What can we infer from the last paragraph?‎ A．Languages reflect our identity.‎ B．People will speak the same language one day.‎ C．Fewer people will remember their own languages.‎ D．Ani Rauhihi cares less about languages dying out.‎ 解析：选A推理判断题。由最后一段中的“language expresses something about identity, about our place in the world”以及Ani Rauhihi说的话可知，我们的语言反映了我们的身份和在世界上的位置。‎ ‎[六]‎ Some people call it a traveling museum. Others refer to it as a living or openair museum. Built in Brazil to honor Columbus' first voyage to the New World, the Nina, a Columbusera replica (复制品) ship, provides visitors with an accurate visual of the size and sailing equipment of Columbus' favorite ship from over 500 years ago.‎ I joined the crew of the Nina in Gulf. Shores, Alabama, in February 2013. As part of a research project sponsored by my university, my goal was to document my days aboard the ship in a blog. I quickly realized that I gained the most valuable insights when I observed or gave tours to schoolage children. The fieldtrip tour of the Nina is handson learning at its best. In this setting, students could touch the line, pass around a ballast stone (压舱石), and move the extremely large tiller that controlled the direction of the ships in Columbus' days. They soon came to understand the labor involved in sailing the ship back in his time. I was pleased to see the students become active participants in their learning process.‎ The Nina is not the only traveling museum that provides such field trips. A visit to Jamestown Settlement, for example, allows visitors to board three recreations of the ships that brought the first settlers from England to Virginia in the early 1,600s. Historical guides, dressed in period costumes, give tours of the Susan Constant, Godspeed, and Discovery. These guides often portray a character that would have lived and worked during that time period. Students touring these ships are encouraged to interact with the guides in order to better understand the daily life in the past.‎ My experience on the Nina helps testify (证实) my longheld belief that students stay interested, ask better questions, and engage (参与) in higherorder thinking tasks when they are actively engaged in the learning process. The_students_who_boarded_the_Nina_came_as_passive _learners._They_left_as_bold_explorers.‎ 语篇解读：本文介绍了哥伦布航海时的航船的复制品Nina，它是一个开放的博物馆。学生参观这一特殊的博物馆可以积极主动参与学习。‎ ‎5．What occupation is the author engaged in?‎ A．Shipping. B．Education.‎ C．Ecological tourism. D．Museum administration.‎ 解析：选B推理判断题。根据第二段的第三句“I quickly realized that I gained the most valuable insights when I observed or gave tours to schoolage children.”可知，作者在给学龄儿童介绍有关航船复制品Nina的历史知识；据此可以判断，作者从事的是教育行业，故B项正确。‎ ‎6．Which of the following is true about the Nina introduced in the passage?‎ A．She is a replica of a ship that Columbus built in Brazil.‎ B．She is always crowded with foreign tourists during holidays.‎ C．She is the boat Columbus sailed in his voyage to the New World.‎ D．She displays what Columbus' ship was like and how it operated.‎ 解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“provides visitors with an accurate visual of the size and sailing equipment of Columbus' favorite ship”可知，Nina为人们提供了哥伦布的航船的原貌；根据第二段的“In this setting, students could touch the line ... direction of the ships in Columbus' days.”可知，Nina还提供了如何操作该航船的方法，故D项正确。‎ ‎7．What is the third paragraph mainly about?‎ A．Guidelines for visitors on the ships.‎ B．Life of the first settlers in Jamestown Settlement.‎ C．Duties of the guides in the British museums.‎ D．Introduction to another museum similar to the Nina.‎ 解析：选D段落大意题。根据第三段的“The Nina is not the only traveling museum ... A visit to Jamestown Settlement, for example, allows visitors to board three recreations of the ships that brought the first settlers”可知，第三段主要介绍了另一个与Nina类似的航行博物馆，故D项正确。‎ ‎8．What does the author mean by the last two sentences of the passage?‎ A．The students are interested in becoming tour guides.‎ B．The experience has changed the students' learning attitude.‎ C．The students become brave and are ready to sail the seas on their own.‎ D．The museums are successful in teaching the students survival skills at sea.‎ 解析：选B句意理解题。根据文章最后两句可知，登上了哥伦布航船复制品Nina的学生成了主动学习的学生，他们成了知识的勇敢探索者。据此可以判断，最后两句意在说明，这种游览改变了学生的学习态度，故B项正确。‎ ‎[七]‎ For many people who live in cities, parks are an important part of the landscape. They provide a place for people to relax and play sports, as well as a shelter from the often severe environment of a city. What people often overlook is that parks also provide considerable ‎ environmental benefits.‎ One benefit of parks is that plants absorb carbon dioxide and give off oxygen, which humans need to breathe. According to one study, an acre of trees can absorb the same amount of carbon dioxide that a typical car emits in 11,000 miles of driving. Parks also make cities cooler. Scientists have long noted what is called the Urban Heat Island Effect: building materials such as metal and concrete (混凝土) absorb much more of the sun's heat and release (释放) it much more quickly than organic surfaces like trees and grass. Because city landscapes contain so much of these building materials, cities are usually warmer than surrounding rural areas. Parks and other green spaces help to lessen the Urban Heat Island Effect. ‎ Unfortunately, many cities cannot easily create more parks because most land is already being used for buildings, roads, parking lots, and other essential parts of the urban environment. However, cities could benefit from many of the positive effects of parks by encouraging citizens to create another type of green space: rooftop gardens. While most people would not think of starting a garden on their roof, human beings have been planting gardens on rooftops for thousands of years. Some rooftop gardens are simple container gardens that anyone can create with the investment (投资) of a few hundred dollars and a few hours of work.‎ Rooftop gardens provide many of the same benefits as other urban parks and garden spaces, but without taking up the muchneeded land. In the summer, rooftop gardens prevent buildings from absorbing heat from the sun, which can significantly reduce cooling bills. In the winter, gardens help control the heat that materials like brick and concrete release so quickly, leading to savings on heating bills. Rooftop vegetable and herb gardens can also provide fresh food for city settlers, making their diets healthier. Rooftop gardens are not only something everyone can enjoy, they are also a smart environmental investment.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了在拥挤的城市里建立屋顶花园的好处。‎ ‎9.The underlined word “emits” in the second paragraph probably means “________”．‎ A．carries away B．takes up C．gives out D．breathes in 解析：选C词义猜测题。根据上文中的“an acre of trees can absorb the same amount of carbon dioxide”可知，一英亩的树吸收的二氧化碳的量和一辆普通的汽车行驶11 000英里排放的二氧化碳的量是相等的。由此可知，emit与give out的意思相同，表示“释放”。‎ ‎10．Which of the following contributes to the Urban Heat Island Effect?‎ A．More building materials.‎ B．More trees and grass.‎ C．More parking lots.‎ D．More rooftop gardens.‎ 解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段的“Scientists have long noted what is called the Urban ‎ Heat Island Effect: building materials such as metal and concrete (混凝土) absorb much more of the sun's heat ... usually warmer than surrounding rural areas.”可知，诸如金属和混凝土之类的建筑材料是城市热岛效应的始作俑者，故选A。‎ ‎11．When it comes to rooftop gardens, what can be inferred from the passage?‎ A．They make people much happier.‎ B．They provide more benefits than urban parks.‎ C．They help to save money and keep a healthy diet.‎ D．They have become very popular in recent years.‎ 解析：选C推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“reduce cooling bills” “leading to savings on heating bills”和“making their diets healthier”以及最后一段的整体内容可推知，屋顶花园能够降低冬季取暖或夏季降温的费用支出。同时，它还可以为蔬菜种植提供场地，为人们提供新鲜的蔬菜，从而使人们的饮食更健康，故选C。‎ ‎[八]‎ Riding on the road? Time to review all that you learned in elementary school — especially if you'll be riding in traffic：‎ Always ride on the right side of the street in the same direction as the traffic. Never ride against traffic. Try to use bike lanes whenever you can.‎ Always stop and check for traffic in both directions when leaving your driveway. Some people in cars just don't see cyclists.‎ Watch traffic closely for turning cars or cars pulling out of driveways.‎ Don't ride too closely to parked cars — doors can open suddenly!‎ Stop at all stop signs and stop at red lights just as cars do. Take special care at crossroads. It's a good idea to walk your bike across busy crossroads using the crosswalk.‎ Don't wear headphones while biking — you need to hear what's going on around you.‎ Never change directions or change lanes without first looking behind you and using the correct hand signals. That way everyone knows where you're going. You can use your left arm for all hand signals. To show you're making a left turn, hold your arm straight out to the left. To show a right turn, bend your elbow, holding your arm up in an “L” shape. And before you stop, bend your elbow, pointing your arm downward in an upside down “L” shape. Of course, you can also hold your right arm straight out to the right to show you are going to turn right.‎ Biking is a fun way to get exercise and a great way to get around, but bike injuries are common. So follow these tips to really enjoy your ride.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。骑车是一种很好的娱乐、锻炼方式，但要遵守交通规则，注意安全。‎ ‎5．While riding in the street, we shouldn't ride ________.‎ A．in heavy traffic B．before parked cars C．behind turning cars at crossroads D．in the opposite direction of the traffic 解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段的“Always ride ... in the same direction as the traffic. Never ride against traffic.”可知，骑车时不要逆行。‎ ‎6．Listening to music while riding ________.‎ A．may put us in danger B．is harmful to our hearing C．may stop us changing lanes D．is a good way to help us relax 解析：选A推理判断题。根据第七段中的“Don't wear headphones while biking — you need to hear what's going on around you.”可知，戴耳机骑车，无法听到周围的声音。由此可推断出，这会使我们处于危险之中。‎ ‎7．Which two pictures might show the same direction?‎ A．a，b B．a，c C．b，d D．c，d 解析：选C细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“To show a right turn, bend your elbow, holding your arm up in an ‘L’ shape ...”以及“Of course, you can also hold your right arm straight out to the right to show you are going to turn right.”可知，b图和d图指的是同一个方向，即：向右转。a图指示向左拐，c图表示停止。 ‎ ‎8．What's the best title of this passage?‎ A．Riding safely B．Riding in traffic C．Correct hand signals D．A great way to get around 解析：选A标题归纳题。从全文内容可知，文章主要讲述的是道路骑车安全问题。‎ ‎[九]‎ Are you sick of going to bed late and waking up tired? Then grab your hiking boots and a tent. A new study suggests that camping in the great outdoors for a couple of days can reset your body clock and help you get more sleep.‎ The body clock is an internal system that tells our bodies when it's time to go to sleep and when it's time to wake up. Scientists track this clock by measuring the amount of melatonin (褪黑激素) circulating in a person's blood at any given time.‎ In a healthy sleeper, melatonin levels rise a few hours before bedtime, stay high through the night, and then settle back down when it's time to wake up.‎ In our modern society, however, most of us stay up many hours past sunset and would probably sleep in many hours after sunrise if we could. And the trouble is that your melatonin levels may still be high when your alarm clock goes off in the morning, which leads to fatigue. It may also have other health consequences as well, such as diabetes (糖尿病), overweight and heart disease.‎ Professor Kenneth P. Wright Jr. of the University of Colorado in the US wanted to see if our body clocks can be reset by a short stay in nature. His team recruited (招募) fourteen physically active volunteers in their 20s and 30s. Nine went on a weekend camping trip, while the other five stayed home. At the end of the weekend, the researchers reported that in just two days, the campers' body clocks shifted so that their melatonin levels began to rise more than an hour earlier than they did before they went on the trip. By contrast, the body clocks of the group that ‎ stayed home shifted even later over the course of the weekend.‎ ‎“This tells us we can reset our clocks fast，” Wright said.‎ Therefore, if you want to change your sleep patterns you could try to increase your exposure to natural light during the day and decrease the amount of artificial light you see at night. And if that doesn't work, there's always camping.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇科普说明文。生物钟的作用原理与褪黑激素在人体中的水平变化相关。现代社会中人们不按时作息常常导致褪黑激素水平在早晨时还是很高，导致疲劳，甚至是糖尿病、肥胖和心脏病等。研究发现野外宿营可以让作息不规律的人们的生物钟恢复正常。‎ ‎8．What is the author's main purpose of writing the passage?‎ A．To explain how a lack of sleep is bad for our health.‎ B．To inform us of a possible way to adjust the body clock.‎ C．To analyze how the body clock influences our sleeping habits.‎ D．To explore how the body clock is connected with melatonin levels.‎ 解析：选B写作意图题。通读全文可知，第一段第三句“A new study suggests that camping in the great outdoors for a couple of days can reset your body clock and help you get more sleep.”为文章主旨句，据此可知，本文旨在告诉人们，野外宿营几天可以调整人们的生物钟，让人们获得更多的睡眠，故B项正确。‎ ‎9．The underlined word “fatigue” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”．‎ A．tiredness B．excitement C．refreshment D．pressure 解析：选A词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Are you sick of going to bed late and waking up tired？”及第四段第二句“And the trouble is that your melatonin levels may still be high when your alarm clock goes off in the morning, which leads to fatigue.”可知，早晨当你的闹钟响时，你体内的褪黑激素水平可能还是很高，这会导致疲劳，故画线词意为“疲劳”。‎ ‎10．What did Wright's team discover from their experiment?‎ A．The body clocks of the two groups didn't show much difference.‎ B．The body clocks of those who stayed at home remained the same.‎ C．Those staying outdoors reset the clock inside their bodies over a short period.‎ D．Changes to the body clock don't necessarily affect melatonin levels in our bodies.‎ 解析：选C细节理解题。根据第六段的“This tells us we can reset our clocks fast”可知，实验结果表明，在自然环境中人体的生物钟能快速恢复。故C项正确。‎ ‎11．According to the passage, to change our sleeping habits, we'd better ________.‎ A．set an alarm clock to wake us up on time in the morning B．try to reduce melatonin levels as much as possible at night C．spend several weeks staying in the open air every now and then D．get exposed to more natural light in the day but less artificial light at night 解析：选D细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，如果要改变睡眠模式，可以通过白天多接触自然光、晚上避免接触人工光源的方式来实现，故D项正确。‎ ‎[十]‎ The Rise of Sneaker Culture is organized by the Bata Shoe Museum，whose aims are to explore the social history，technical innovations，fashion trends，and marketing campaigns that have shaped sneaker culture over the past two centuries. You cannot overestimate the cultural importance of a pair of sneakers. At least that’s the conclusion from a new exhibition at the Brooklyn Museum in the US.‎ The sneaker is regarded both as a cultural force and a fashion statement. “Early sneakers were actually status symbols，”said Elizabeth Semmelheck，senior leader of Bata Shoe Museum.‎ Displaying over 150 shoes，the exhibit covers a wide range of examples and will last about three months. From their modest origins in the midnineteenth century to highend sneakers created in the past decade，sneakers have become a global obsession(痴迷)．Included are works from makers such Adidas，Converse，Nike，Puma，and Reebok as well as private collectors such as hiphop legend Darryl “DMC” McDaniel’s，and Dee Wells of Obsessive Sneaker Disorder. Also featured are sneakers by Prada and other major fashion design houses and designers，as well as those made in cooperation with artists including Damien Hirst and Shantell Martin. After Brooklyn，the collection will head to Toledo，Ohio and Louisville，Kentucky.‎ Sneakers are one of the few things people will line up for days to buy. They’re the subject of songs，and have helped make billionaires out of athletes and fashion designers. Sneakers are a cultural phenomenon，and perhaps an alien(外星人)visiting our planet could learn most about us，by looking at our feet!‎ ‎1．Early sneaker is regarded as .‎ A．a cultural force B．a fashion statement C．an identity D．a common footwear ‎2．Which of the following is TRUE about the exhibition at the Brooklyn Museum?‎ A．The exhibit will display less than 150 shoes.‎ B．The exhibit will head to other places abroad.‎ C．The exhibits of the sneakers are all famous brands.‎ D．The exhibit shows the history of the sneaker culture.‎ ‎3．Why are sneakers so important to athletes?‎ A．Sneakers help make athletes fashionable.‎ B．Sneakers become the subject of their songs.‎ C．Sneakers are comfortable to wear for athletes.‎ D．Sneakers help make athletes become rich people.‎ ‎4．What does the author want to do by mentioning the alien?‎ A．To express the cultural importance of sneakers.‎ B．To describe a picture of aliens’ wearing sneakers.‎ C．To predict the promising future of sneakers.‎ D．To advise producers to sell sneakers to aliens.‎ 语篇解读文章主要讲了the Brooklyn Museum推出的首个运动鞋展览，该展览展示了运动鞋的文化及历史。‎ ‎1．C[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The sneaker is regarded both as a cultural force and a fashion statement. Early sneakers were actually status symbols...”可知最早运动鞋被看作身份的象征。故选C。]‎ ‎2．D[细节理解题。根据第一段可知the Brooklyn Museum展示了运动鞋的文化及历史。故选D。]‎ ‎3．D[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“They’re the subject of songs，and have helped make billionaires out of athletes and fashion designers.”可知运动鞋能帮助运动员变成有钱的人。故选D。]‎ ‎4．A[推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Sneakers are a cultural phenomenon，and perhaps an alien(外星人) visiting our planet could learn most about us，by looking at our feet！”可知提到外星人是为了表示运动鞋文化的重要性。故选A。]‎