2018届一轮复习北师大版unit13people教案

2018届一轮复习北师大版unit13people教案

重点识记词汇 ‎1.gain vt.获得；增加 ‎2.previous adj.以前的，过去的 ‎3.positive adj.积极的 ‎ ‎4.senior adj.高级的 ‎5.connection n.联系；连接 ‎ ‎6.draw up起草 ‎7.accurately adv.精确地，准确地 ‎ ‎8.failure n.失败 ‎9.deserve vt.应得，值得 ‎ ‎10.entirely adv.完全地 ‎11.accuse vt.控告，谴责 ‎ ‎12.desire n.渴望，欲望 ‎13.satisfaction n.满意，满足 ‎ ‎14.fault n.错误；缺点 ‎15.relief n.减轻，宽慰 ‎ ‎16.confirm v.证实 ‎17.can’t help doing sth.禁不住要做某事 ‎ ‎18.judge vt.评判 ‎19.talk sb.into doing sth.劝服某人做某事 ‎ ‎20.grateful adj.感激的，感谢的 ‎21.gifted adj.有天赋的→gift n.礼物；天赋 ‎ ‎22.description n.描述，形容→describe vt.描述 ‎23.strength n.长处，优势→strengthen v.(使)加强 ‎ ‎24.predict vt.预言，预测→prediction n.预测 ‎25.mistaken adj.错误的→mistake vt.弄错；误解；n.错误 ‎26.devote vt.献身于，专心致志于→devotion n.献身，奉献 ‎27.disability n.残疾；无能力→disabled adj.残疾的 ‎28.independence n.独立→independent adj.独立的 ‎29.requirement n.要求→require vt.要求 ‎30.account n.账户→accountant n.会计人员，会计师 ‎31.anxiety n.忧虑，担心→anxious adj.忧虑的，担心的 ‎32.emergency n.紧急情况；突发事件；非常时刻 ‎33.the last straw (一系列烦恼、打击之外)最后使人受不了的事 ‎34.assessment n.评估→assess vt.评价；评定→selfassessment n.自我评估 ‎35.concentrate vi.集中(思想、注意力等)→concentrate on sth.集中精力于某事 必背经典句式 ‎1.I was getting more and more annoyed and of course，the more upset I got，the less I was able to concentrate.‎ 我越来越烦躁，当然，越烦躁就越难集中注意力。‎ ‎2.Go and see your teacher and try to talk him or her into giving you a better grade.‎ 去找你的任课老师，想法说服他(她)给你提高分数。‎ ‎3.I really dislike it when he eats garlic for lunch.‎ 我真的不喜欢他午饭吃大蒜。‎ ‎4.The fact that she looked like a sensitive，friendly girl didn’t matter.If anything，it made me even angrier.‎ 她看起来是个善解人意、友善的女孩，但这无济于事，却平添了我几分怒气。‎ ‎5.If Jenny hadn’t been a kind person who was willing to forgive my shortcomings，I would never have experienced such true friendship.‎ 珍妮要不是如此体贴、宽容我的缺点，我就永远不会享受到如此真挚的友谊。‎ 构词记忆 　employee /ˌemplɔI′iː/n.[C]受雇者；雇员 interviewee /ˌIntəvjuː′iː/n.[C]被接见者；被采访者；被面试者 trainee /treI′niː/n.[C]受训练人；学员；实习生 Ⅰ.词汇与派生 A．语境填词 ‎1．He could not concentrate(集中精力) in the classroom.‎ ‎2．Not until then did I realize words could be powerful in both positive(积极的) and negative ways.‎ ‎3．No matter how ordinary a job is，it plays a part in society and therefore deserves(值得) our respect.‎ ‎4. Failure(失败) is the mother of success.‎ ‎5．Seeing them on the bus，I felt a kind of satisfaction(满足)．‎ ‎6．I’m grateful(感激的) to you for your help.‎ ‎7．Earlier reports were unable to confirm(证实) that there were any survivors. ‎ ‎8. He laughs loudly when I accuse(指责) him of telling a lie.‎ ‎9．Medical assistance is available in case of an emergency(紧急情况)．‎ ‎10．She desires(渴望) that you should write to her as soon as possible.‎ B．用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎11．The gym can be used by both ablebodied and disabled(disability) people.‎ ‎12．His devotion (devote) to his wife and family is touching.‎ ‎13．The test is used to determine candidates’ strengths (strengthen) and weaknesses.‎ ‎14．He was unwilling to make a prediction (predict) about which books would sell in the coming year.‎ ‎15．My father helped me to set up a bank account (accountant)．‎ Ⅱ.短语运用 A．用方框内所给动词短语的适当形式填空 ‎ draw up, talk...into...，end up, be willing to，deal with，come up with，concentrate on, be popular with ‎16.Finally we talked him into changing his mind.‎ ‎17．We agreed to draw up a formal agreement.‎ ‎18．Be willing to do what it takes，and you can achieve whatever you wish.‎ ‎19．They took the wrong train and ended up at a small station.‎ ‎20．How did you come up with the good idea that we could escape being punished.‎ ‎21．With the world changing fast，we have something new to deal with all by ourselves every day.‎ ‎22．A spoilt child is popular rarely with other children.‎ ‎23．The students concentrate on improving the learning efficiency and learning methods.‎ B．用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空 in terms of, if anything, can’t help...，except for ‎24.Hearing the good news，she can’t help laughing.‎ ‎25．In terms of living standards，the country has a long way to go.‎ ‎26．His composition is very good except for some spelling mistakes.‎ ‎27. Please give me something to drink if anything. ‎ Ⅲ.经典句式 ‎28．It’s getting more and more cold，so we seldom go out for play.‎ ‎ 天变得越来越冷了，所以我们很少外出玩耍了。‎ ‎29．I dislike/don’t like it when people laugh at me in public.‎ 我不喜欢别人当众嘲笑我。‎ ‎30．Her family，if anything，was richer than mine. ‎ 要说有什么区别的话，她家比我家有钱。‎ ‎31．Watch out，or you’ll catch the traffic accident.‎ 当心，否则你会遇上车祸的。‎ ‎32．If you had come earlier，you would have met him.‎ 如果你早点来的话就会遇上他的。‎ ‎1 ‎[多词一义]　concentrate on，fix on，focus on，fasten on，be absorbed in，be devoted to concentrate (one’s mind/attention/thoughts/efforts) on集中注意力于；专注于 be concentrated in/on/around...集中在……；汇集于……‎ focus/fix one’s attention on/put one’s mind to/put one’s heart into/be absorbed in/be lost in专心于……‎ I can’t concentrate on my studies with that noise going on.‎ 有噪音我不能集中精力学习。‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ 语法填空 ‎(1)It was up to him to concentrate on his studies and make something of himself.‎ ‎(2)Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.‎ ‎(3)She is absorbed in music.‎ ‎(4)With his attention concentrated(concentrate) on his favorite novel，he forgets all about his ‎ homework.‎ ‎(5)From now on，your thoughts must be concentrated(concentrate) on your work.‎ ‎2 in connection with和……有关 have a connection (with/to sth.)(和某事)有联系 connect...to/with与……连接 be connected to/with 和……有联系；和……有(亲戚)关系 be connected by...通过……联系起来 All in all，I think studying English by activities，especially in connection with recent things，is a better method.‎ 总之，我认为通过活动，尤其是与最近的事情有联系的活动来学习英语是一个较好的方法。(湖南·书面表达)‎ There was nothing to connect him with the crime.‎ 他与那起犯罪毫无关联。‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ ‎(1)语法填空 ‎①The two towns are connected by a railway.‎ ‎②She is connected with/to a noble family.‎ ‎③I am writing to you in connection with your job application.‎ ‎④What is the connection between the two ideas?‎ ‎(2)他与这次事故有关联吗？(翻译句子)‎ Does he have any connection with the accident?‎ ‎3 As a youth he had been discovered a gifted teacher.‎ 他年轻时就表现出教书的天赋。‎ They believed the unborn child was a gift from God.‎ 他们认为腹中的孩子是上帝赐予的礼物。‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ ‎(1)同义句改写 He is a boy of many gifts.‎ He is a gifted boy.‎ ‎(2)My father has a gift for playing the piano(有弹钢琴的天赋)，which has a great influence on us.‎ ‎4 beyond description难以描述 describe...as...把……描述为……‎ His face is weary beyond description.‎ 他一脸难以形容的疲惫。‎ Eriksson described him as “the best player on the playground”.‎ 埃里克森称他是“场上最好的球员”。‎ ‎[特别提醒]‎ ‎(1)describe后不接双宾语，若语义需要，要用介词to或for来引出间接宾语。‎ ‎(2)describe...as...意为“把……描述成……”，其中的as习惯上不宜换成to be。‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ 语法填空 ‎(1)He is described as being very clever.‎ ‎(2)The palace was beautiful beyond description.‎ ‎5 ‎[应试指导]　(1)后跟非谓语动词形式的考查 ‎(2)作为高级词汇替换be worth deserve doing/to be done值得被……‎ deserve to do sth.应该/值得做某事 deserve consideration/attention值得考虑/注意 get what one deserves罪有应得 No matter how ordinary a job is，it plays a part in society and therefore deserves our due respect.‎ 无论工作多么普通，在社会中都起着重要作用，所以值得我们的尊重。(广东·读写任务)‎ ‎[特别提醒]‎ 当物作主语时，deserve后接doing，主动形式表示被动意义，等于接动词不定式的被动式。有相同用法的动词还有：need，want，require等。‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ 语法填空 ‎(1)They didn’t deserve to win(win).‎ ‎(2)I think your suggestion deserves trying/to be tried(try).‎ ‎(3)This suggestion deserves consideration/considering/to be considered(consider).‎ ‎6 ‎[应试指导]　(1)注意抽象名词具体化　(2)在谚语中的运用 end in failure以失败结束 fail v.失败；未能做；(考试)不及格，未通过；失灵，出毛病；歉收；突然失去；忘记 fail to do...未能做……‎ Three years ago I failed an important exam in my life and became a student in an ordinary school.‎ 三年前，在一次重要的考试中失利，我成了一所普通学校的一名学生。(湖北·短文写作)‎ As the saying goes，“Failure is the mother of success.”‎ 俗话说，失败是成功之母。‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ 写出下列句子中fail的汉语意思 ‎(1)If you don’t work hard，you may fail.失败 ‎(2)He failed his driving test.未通过 ‎(3)He never fails to write to his mother every week.忘记 ‎(4)The crops failed because of drought.歉收 ‎(5)My uncle’s kidneys failed two days after the operation.出毛病 ‎7 in association with与……交往；与……联合 be associated with和……交往；与……有联系 associate...with...联系……和……‎ The association between the two companies stretches back thirty years.‎ 这两家公司的往来可以追溯到30年前。‎ I haven’t been associated with the project over the last year.‎ 我去年一直没有参与这个项目。‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ 用associate的适当形式填空 ‎(1)Do you belong to any professional or trade associations?‎ ‎(2)These symptoms are particularly associated with headaches.‎ ‎8 accuse sb.of sth./doing sth.＝charge sb.with...因……指责/指控某人 accusing adj.谴责的；指责的,‎ the accused(刑事)被告 Are you accusing me of cheating?‎ 你在指责我欺骗吗？‎ ‎[思考题]‎ 我们学习过的“动词＋sb.＋of sth.”的短语还有：remind sb.of，rob sb.of，rid sb.of，inform sb.of，convince sb.of，cure sb.of，require/request sb.of等。‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ 用accuse的适当形式填空 ‎(1)Her accusing eyes were fixed on him.‎ ‎(2)The accused was found innocent.‎ ‎(3)This company was accused of using misleading advertisements in its promotion of the weightloss pills.‎ ‎9 ‎[应试指导]　虚拟语气的考查 have a desire for sth./to do sth.渴望得到某物/做某事 satisfy one’s desire满足某人的愿望 at one’s desire照某人的希望；应某人的要求 desire to do...希望做……‎ desire sb.to do...希望某人做……‎ They seem to have a desire for knowledge.‎ 他们似乎对知识充满了渴望。‎ He desired me to inform her that he had made his peace with God.‎ 他想让我告诉她他已接受了上天的安排，获得了心灵的安宁。‎ ‎[特别提醒]‎ desire后接宾语从句、同位语从句或表语从句时，从句中使用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ ‎(1)语法填空 ‎①His friendly warnings have caused the desired (desire) response.‎ ‎②Anyone desiring(desire) to vote must come to the meeting.‎ ‎③I desire that these letters (should) be burnt(burn) after my death.‎ ‎(2)他希望赢得这场比赛。(一句多译)‎ ‎①He desired to win the game.(desire v.)‎ ‎②He had a desire to win the game.(desire n.)‎ ‎③He desired that he (should) win the game.(desire that...)‎ ‎10 ‎[应试指导]　写作高分句式：What satisfied sb.is that...替换to one’s satisfaction in/with satisfaction满意地 to one’s satisfaction使某人满意的是 express one’s satisfaction at/with...对……表示满意 satisfy v.使满意，使满足；满足(需求、需要等) satisfy/meet one’s needs/demands满足某人的要求 be satisfied to do.../with...对(做)……感到满意 I expressed my satisfaction with these clothes.‎ 我对这些衣服表示满意。‎ He was satisfied to win the match.‎ 他对赢得比赛感到满意。‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ ‎(1)用satisfy的适当形式填空 ‎①None of these is particularly satisfying.‎ ‎②We are not satisfied with these results.‎ ‎③Both sides expressed satisfaction with the progress.‎ ‎④We just can’t find enough good secondhand cars to satisfy demands.‎ ‎⑤From his satisfied voice on the phone I know everything is going under way.‎ ‎(2)The teacher was satisfied with his test results and praised him.‎ Satisfied with his test results，the teacher praised him.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)‎ ‎11 ‎[应试指导]　(1)同位语从句的考查　(2)虚拟语气的考查 ‎[多词一义]　require，want，need meet/satisfy one’s requirements满足某人的要求 require sth.of sb.要求某人某事 require sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事 sth.require(s) doing/to be done某事需要……‎ It is required that...要求……(从句中用虚拟语气，即should＋do，should可省略) Its products met all legal requirements.‎ 它的产品符合所有的法律要求。‎ All the members are required to attend the meeting.‎ 要求会员们都出席这次会议。‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ ‎(1)This wall requires repairing.‎ This wall requires to be repaired.(用不定式作宾语改写句子)‎ ‎(2)The situation required us to make an immediate decision.‎ The situation required that we (should) make an immediate decision.(改为复合句)‎ ‎12 upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的，不快的；v.(upset，upset，upsetting) 使不安；使心烦；打乱；扰乱 be upset about/at/over为……烦恼 upset oneself about sth.为某事而烦恼 It upsets sb.that...让某人心烦的是……‎ Don’t be upset about it—no harm has been done.‎ 不要为那事烦恼，没有造成损失。‎ I was so upset that I felt like crying.‎ 我心烦意乱，很想哭。‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ ‎(1)用upset的适当形式填空 ‎ ①She sounded upset when I said you couldn’t come.‎ ‎②She warned me not to say anything to upset him.‎ ‎③I will never see him again and that is a terribly upsetting thought.‎ ‎(2)使他心烦的是考试没及格。(一句多译)‎ ‎①What upset him was that he didn’t pass the exam.(用what引导主语从句)‎ ‎②It upset him that he didn’t pass the exam.(用it作形式主语)‎ ‎13 in relief如释重负；显著地；鲜明地 to one’s relief使某人放心的是 relieve v.减轻 relieve sb.of...将某人从……中解脱出来 Much to my relief，my son was eventually admitted to a famous university.‎ 使我欣慰的是，我儿子最终被一所重点大学录取了。‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ 语法填空 ‎(1)To his relief，a loud knock on the door spared him from giving an explanation.‎ ‎(2)My assistant relieved me of all the paperwork.‎ ‎(3)The scandal brings out the issue in full relief.‎ ‎14 account v.认为(think)；说明(explain)；总计有；n.账目(a written record)；说明；计算；(银行)账户 ‎[应试指导]　(1)on account of作为高级词汇替换because of　(2)on no account位于句首时的倒装用法 account for说明(原因等)；做出解释；占……(比例) on account of由于，因为 on no account绝不(置于句首时，句子部分倒装) take account of/take...into account (＝take...into consideration)考虑……‎ take no account of对……不加考虑 His illness accounts for his absence.‎ 他因病缺席。‎ My wife keeps household accounts.‎ 我太太记家庭收支账。‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ ‎(1)选择方框内的短语填空 ‎①At first he hesitated on account of the expense.‎ ‎②You should on no account tell him，for it’s a secret.‎ ‎③The company takes account of environmental issues wherever possible.‎ ‎④We must account for every penny we spend on business trips.‎ ‎(2)On no account should you tell him，for it’s a secret.(把上题句②改为倒装句)‎ ‎15 ‎[应试指导]　过去分词作定语、状语的考查 devote...to...把……致力于……，专心于……‎ devoted adj.忠实的 be devoted to致力于，献身于；热爱……‎ devotion n.奉献；关照 However，as I stepped into Senior Three，I had to devote most of my spare time to studying.‎ 但是当高三后，我不得不把大多数业余时间都用来学习。‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ ‎(1)用devote的适当形式填空 ‎①He is highly thought of because of his devotion to duty.‎ ‎②His life is one devoted to the people.‎ ‎(2)He devoted himself to community activities and was praised by the people around.‎ ‎①Devoting himself to community activities，he was praised by the people around.(用现在分词短语作原因状语改写句子)‎ ‎②Devoted to community activities，he was praised by the people around. (用过去分词短语作原因状语改写句子)‎ ‎1 talk sb.out of doing sth.说服某人不去做某事 talk of谈到，说到 talking of...说起，谈到(通常置于句首) 类似talk sb.into doing...的结构：‎ persuade sb.into doing...说服某人做……‎ reason sb.into doing...说服某人做……‎ trap sb.into doing...欺骗某人做……‎ fool sb.into doing...欺骗某人做……‎ frighten sb.into doing...恐吓某人做……‎ panic sb.into doing...吓得某人做……‎ He talked me into marrying him.He also talked me into having a baby.‎ 他花言巧语让我嫁给了他，又说服我生了个孩子。‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ 语法填空 ‎(1)The boy talked his mother into buying him a home computer.‎ ‎(2)Talking(talk) of Jim，have you seen him recently?‎ ‎2 ‎[应试指导]　作为写作高频词汇替代about，as for，as to in the long/short term从长远/短期来看 in one’s terms在某人看来；根据某人的观点 be on good/bad terms with与……关系好/坏 come to terms with达成协议；和好；接受 ‎ on equal terms在平等的条件下 Sometimes the whole is best understood in terms of the whole.‎ 有些时候，按照整体来理解整体是最好的方法。‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ ‎(1)We are on good terms with(和……关系很好) all our neighbors.‎ ‎(2)This plan is of great benefit in the long term(从长远来看).‎ ‎(3)In terms of health(从健康的角度来看)，eating less is quite necessary.‎ ‎3 ‎[多词一义]　can’t help doing，can’t but do，can’t help but do，can’t choose but do help oneself to...自用/自取所需(食物等) can’t help/choose but do...不得不做……‎ help...out帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难 can’t help to do...帮不上忙做……‎ ‎ I can’t help it.没有办法 I can’t help thinking the same.‎ 我不禁也有同样的想法。‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ 语法填空 ‎(1)You can’t help but start(start) moving when you hear this song.‎ ‎(2)I can’t help to clean(clean) the room，because I have to do my homework.‎ ‎(3)I think everybody can’t help laughing(laugh) if they see it.‎ ‎(4)I can’t help it if nobody believed me.‎ ‎1 I was getting more and more annoyed and of course，the more upset I got，the less I ‎ was able to concentrate.我越来越烦躁，当然，越烦躁就越难集中注意力。‎ ‎“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”句型： (1)意为“越……，就越……”，表示主、从句的两个谓语是同时进行的，表示一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。‎ (2)从结构上看，第一个“the＋比较级”是表示条件的状语从句；在表示将来意义的情况下，从句用一般现在时表示将来。第二个“the＋比较级”是主句，用一般将来时。‎ (3)本结构中常用省略结构。‎ The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you’ll make.你越小心，出现的问题就越少。‎ The sooner (you do it)，the better (it will be).‎ 越快越好。‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ ‎(1)The more(越多) you eat，the fatter(越胖) you will be.‎ ‎(2)The longer(越长) stay, the better(越好)(it will be).‎ ‎2 单元语法 ‎——语法填空 ‎(1)These trucks carry goods exported(export) to foreign countries.‎ ‎(2)Generally speaking，when taken(take) according to the directions，the drug has no side effect.‎ ‎(3)Dressed(dress) in white，she suddenly appeared.‎ ‎(4)She looks happy.She must be having(have) a good time.‎ ‎(5)He may have finished(finish) last Friday.‎ 高考题组 Ⅰ.语法填空(2011·广东)‎ One Sunday morning in August I went to a local music festival.I left it early because I had an appointment16.later(late) that day.My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me17.until the bus arrived.I got on the bus and found a seat near the back，and then I noticed a man18.sitting(sit) at the front.He19.was pretending(pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.He must be20.mentally(mental) disabled.‎ Behind him were other people to21.whom he was trying to talk，but after some minutes22.they walked away and sat near me，looking annoyed.‎ I didn’t want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didn’t like leaving him23.on his own either.‎ After a while I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus.I sat next to the man and introduced myself.We had24.an amazing conversation.He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home.‎ I’m glad I made the choice.It made25.both of us feel good.‎ Ⅱ.写作常用句翻译 ‎1.母亲拥抱了我，我能看到她眼中的满足。(satisfaction)(2013·陕西·书面表达)‎ My mother gave me a hug and I could see satisfaction in her eyes.‎ ‎2.说实话，那是苏的错，但李也该受责备。(fault)(2012·江苏·书面表达)‎ To be honest，it was Su’s fault，but Li was also to blame.‎ ‎3.除此之外，我还擅长表达自己。(express)(2010·天津·书面表达)‎ Besides this，I am good at expressing myself.‎ ‎4.而且，她经常把业余时间用来帮助他人。(devote)(2010·浙江·书面表达)‎ Besides，she often devotes her spare time to helping others.‎ ‎5.所以，她值得获得这项荣誉，我们都应该向她学习。(deserve)(2010·浙江·书面表达)‎ Therefore，she deserves the honor and we should learn from her.‎ 模拟题组 Ⅰ.语法填空 ‎1.We needn’t have bought (buy) so much food now that Suzie won’t be with us for dinner.‎ ‎2.Alexander tried to get his work recognized (recognize) in the medical circles.‎ ‎3.Seen (see) from the top of the tower，the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.‎ ‎4.To be acknowledged as the first to receive this honor is beyond expression in words for me.‎ ‎5.I work hard and I think I deserve to be paid (pay) well.‎ ‎6.He is such a man who is always finding (find) fault with other people.‎ ‎7.Those gymnastics movements require improving (improve).‎ ‎8.While shopping，people sometimes can’t help being persuaded (persuade) into buying something they don’t really need.‎ ‎9.In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go，the better our holiday will be.‎ ‎10.The shop assistant was dismissed as she was accused (accuse) of cheating customers.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1.He said that he had no time to spare with all his attention concentrated his present work.concentrated后加上on ‎2.She is said to be connecting with the Smiths.connecting→connected ‎3.The four were accused having stolen the valuable treasure.accused后加上of ‎4.It is great satisfaction to know that she is well again.great前加上a ‎5.No one likes him，who is always finding fault about others.about→with ‎6.I felt relieving to know that nothing had happened.relieving→relieved ‎7.To be honest speaking，I don’t like working with her.去掉speaking ‎ ‎8.She was very patient to her students.to→with ‎9.These trucks carry goods are exported to foreign countries.去掉are或are前加which ‎10.Generally speaking，when being taken according to the directions，the drug has no side effect.去掉being Ⅲ.写作句式升级训练 ‎1.In short，the inclusion not only has poisoned Chinese，it may also bring about distance between the Chinese people.(素材来源于2014·江苏·书面表达)‎ Shortly speaking，not only has the inclusion poisoned Chinese，it may also bring about distance between the Chinese people.(用倒装句及相关高级词汇改写句子)‎ ‎2.I was so excited that I couldn’t wait to try my hand at riding it.(素材来源于2014·福建·书面表达)‎ So excited was I that I couldn’t wait to try my hand at riding it.(改为倒装句)‎ ‎(一)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Since around the later part of the 1950s，society started to realize that tobacco cigarettes caused health problems.As research progressed along with increasing numbers of people that developed lung cancer，emphysema，and other smoking related illnesses，cigarette smoking has become less accepted and popular.Unfortunately，the nicotine contained in cigarettes is one of the most addictive substances on the planet and makes quitting smoking one of the hardest things to do.In 2003，Chinese pharmacist，Hon Lik invented the electronic cigarette as a safer，and cleaner way to breathe in nicotine after his father，a heavy smoker，passed away from lung cancer attributed to smoking tobacco cigarettes.‎ Hon Lik applied for his first patent on the electronic cigarette in 2003 and afterwards introduced ecigs to the Chinese market in the following year through his employer，Golden Dragon Holdings.Golden Dragon Holdings later changed the company’s name to “Ruyan” in order to better match the company’s name (Ruyan means “almost like smoke”) to the new product.Since the renaming，the Ruyan company has continued ecigarette development and grown to be one of the largest global ecig manufacturers.‎ Dr.Sam Han，CEO of Cixi ECIG Technology，Inc，Ltd.also has a number of ecig related inventions，including four patents in the United States and two in China that are electronic cigarette and eliquid technology related.Similar to Hon Lik’s father，Dr.Han was a heavy smoker for more than 40 years before beginning to work on electronic cigarette technologies in order to help himself and others make the shift to vapor smoking.Dr.Han continues to market and conduct R&D in ecig related technologies to this date.‎ After the successful deployment of the Ruyan and Cixi ECIG electronic cigarettes in China and Asia，the products started to be sold in significant quantities on the Internet.‎ ‎1．How many years is it since the electronic cigarette was first invented according to the passage?‎ A．About 5 years.‎ B．About 11 years.‎ C．About 15 years.‎ D．More than 20 years.‎ 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句“In 2003，Chinese pharmacist，Hon Lik invented the electronic cigarette as a safer，and cleaner way to breathe in nicotine...”可知，电子香烟最早是在2003年发明的，距今(2014年)大约有11年。‎ ‎2．What’s the direct reason why Hon Lik invented the electronic cigarette according to the ‎ passage?‎ A．Tobacco cigarettes caused health problems.‎ B．Tobacco cigarettes were too expensive for consumers to buy.‎ C．Quitting smoking became one of the hardest things to do.‎ D．His father died from lung cancer due to smoking tobacco cigarettes.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句话可知，Hon Lik发明电子香烟的直接原因是他的父亲因为长期吸烟而患上肺癌，最终去世了。‎ ‎3．Since when have Chinese smokers been able to buy Hon Lik’s electronic cigarettes according to the passage?‎ A．2000. B．2003.‎ C．2004. D．2005‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第二段首句“Hon Lik applied for his first patent on the electronic cigarette in 2003 and afterwards introduced ecigs to the Chinese market in the following year...”可知，虽然他在2003年就申请了电子香烟的专利，但直到2004年他的产品才推向中国市场。‎ ‎4．What’s the correct order of the following events according to the passage?‎ ‎①Hon Lik applied for his first patent on the electronic cigarette.‎ ‎②Hon Lik’s father died from lung cancer because of smoking tobacco cigarettes.‎ ‎③Hon Lik’s electronic cigarettes were introduced to the Chinese market.‎ ‎④The name of the company Golden Dragon Holdings was changed to “Ruyan”．‎ A．①③②④ B．①④②③‎ C．②④①③ D．②①③④‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第一、二段的内容可知，2003年，Hon Lik的父亲去世，他自己发明了电子香烟(②)，随后，他申请了专利(①)，2004年，电子香烟被推向中国市场(③)，Golden Dragon Holdings随后改名，以更贴合电子香烟这种新产品(④)。‎ B The other day，I noticed a message on a friend’s page.It made me very sad.She says she is the one who reaches out to people，but rarely do they reach out to her.So，after communicating with her for a while，I began to challenge my friends.“Contact someone right now.Send messages or call someone who you haven’t spoken to for a while，or who you only talk to when they message or call you.Let someone who may feel alone in the world right this moment know that they are not alone.That is my challenge to you.Please do it，and let me know once you have.Either by calling ‎ me back，or by sending me a message.Be the change that you want to see in the world.”‎ The response was great.28 people liked my post，another 10 posted that they did，and I got about a dozen messages telling me that they did.And there was one very special message：‎ ‎“I just want you to know what has happened.That day，I sent a message to a friend who I hadn’t heard from for a while.She and I talked for a whole day back and forth on messages and then on the phone.She said she was so incredibly sad.Nobody had spoken with her in two weeks.By the tone of her voice，and by the conversations we were having，I think she was about to take her own life (自杀)．After our conversation，she has agreed to talk to someone.Your message of kindness has saved her.I can’t wait to tell you how thankful I am for people like you in the world，who care when nobody else will.I am proud to call myself your friend.Thank you！”‎ I didn’t quite know what to say after reading the mefssage.I was wondering how best to use it for the greater good.I decided that sharing what we have done is the most powerful way.I know that I am a cheerleader when it comes to making the world a better place with kindness，because if I help someone，it makes me feel better.I do it because I need to feel better.‎ ‎5．What made the author unhappy?‎ A．She can’t reach out to anyone.‎ B．No one responds to her friend.‎ C．None of her friends contacts her.‎ D．She has no time to visit her friends.‎ 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，作者的朋友发帖说她总是联系别人，但是很少有人联系她，这使作者非常伤心。‎ ‎6．What did the author challenge her friends to do?‎ A．Turn to their friends for help.‎ B．Visit their families and relatives.‎ C．Contact someone in need of help.‎ D．Share their problems on their page.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，作者挑战她的朋友去主动联系别人，让此时可能感到孤单的人知道他们不是孤单的，也就是说联系需要帮助的人。‎ ‎7．What do we know about the special message?‎ A．Someone was saved by her friend.‎ B．People were too busy to talk with others.‎ C．The girl was sad because no one liked her.‎ D．The author helped her friend by calling her.‎ 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，发帖人主动联系一个朋友，并与她交流很长时间。这次及时的谈话挽救了朋友的生命。‎ ‎8．Which word can best describe the author?‎ A．Determined. B．Coldhearted.‎ C．Stubborn. D．Inspiring.‎ 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。由文章的内容可知，作者非常有感召力，网上发帖鼓励自己的朋友联系别人，而且最后一段中作者也说自己是一个cheerleader。故选D。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 One Sunday night almost five months ago，my father broke the news that one of my uncles had been diagnosed with colon(结肠) cancer.I remember my 9 as being somewhat surprised and not surprised.I was surprised because it was the first time that cancer came this close to my 10 .And I wasn’t too surprised because my uncle was a 11 smoker and drinker.Four days later，my uncle underwent his first chemotherapy(化疗) session.Some relatives gave us weekly updates about his 12 .Dad himself visited the hospital three weeks later and 13 how fast he’d lost weight.‎ Although still under chemotherapy today，my uncle is strong enough to do most of the things he 14 to enjoy before his chemo began.What’s more notable，however，is his great 15 in attitude towards life.Several weeks ago when mom and dad visited him，mom said my uncle didn’t 16 passing soon.“If I die，then I die，” she 17 him as saying.Today， 18 ，that fatalistic(宿命论的)attitude seems to have 19 .I’m not sure how the change came about，but he’s very 20 about life now.He 21 a lot and seems to be more concerned about enjoying life with his family.During my recent visits to his home，I couldn’t help but be drawn to him.His brandnew positive character really 22 everyone.‎ To my uncle，every moment became 23 when he started chemo.He 24 simple things now and he’s not too concerned about the future. 25 I hear my aunt or one of his daughters talk about a problem，he’d say “That’s not even a problem！You know you can do it.” We are all guilty of 26 too much.We often think it’s normal，but in truth，it’s just unnecessary stress which causes us to 27 the good things we have.Instead of fretting(苦恼)，why don’t we think of solutions？And if there are no solutions，let’s just 28 the problem and enjoy the moment.‎ ‎9．A.expectation B．emotion C．reaction D．expression 答案　C 解析　此处指“我”得知叔叔得癌症后的反应，故选C项。‎ ‎10．A.family B．situation C．environment D．community 答案　A 解析　“我”很震惊是因为这是第一次癌症离我家人这么近。‎ ‎11．A.common B．bad C．light D．heavy 答案　D 解析　“我”不震惊是因为叔叔抽烟很凶，喝酒很猛，容易得癌症，选heavy。‎ ‎12．A.progress B．condition C．feeling D．appearance 答案　B 解析　由语境可知此空应指叔叔的身体状况，故选B项。‎ ‎13．A.ensured B．believed C．noted D．assumed 答案　C 解析　爸爸探望叔叔回到家以后给大家说起叔叔的身体状况，他体重掉得很快。‎ ‎14．A.used B．wanted C．intended D．refused 答案　A 解析　根据before his chemo began可推断此处指叔叔过去经常喜欢做的事，故选A项。‎ ‎15．A.development B．formation C．discovery D．change 答案　D 解析　根据下文可知叔叔对待生活的态度发生了改变。‎ ‎16．A.escape from B．care about C．wish for D．give up 答案　B 解析　根据“If I die，then I die”可知叔叔不在乎死亡，故选B项。‎ ‎17．A.encouraged B．comforted C．recalled D．inspired 答案　C 解析　此处指妈妈回忆探望叔叔时他所说的话，故选C项。‎ ‎18．A.however B．therefore C．otherwise D．besides 答案　A 解析　过去叔叔不在乎死，但是现在那种宿命论的思想消失了，根据前后的转折关系可判断选A项。‎ ‎19．A.worsened B．extended C．spread D．disappeared 答案　D 解析　根据下文“...seems to be more concerned about enjoying life with his family.”可推断叔叔的宿命论的思想消失了，对生活充满了热情，故选D项。‎ ‎20．A.particular B．enthusiastic C．anxious D．disappointed 答案　B 解析　参考上题解析。‎ ‎21．A.travels B．complains C．smiles D．talks 答案　C 解析　叔叔对生活充满热情，与家人享受生活，由他积极乐观的人生态度可判断他经常微笑，故选C项。‎ ‎22．A.annoys B．influences C．upsets D．helps 答案　B 解析　叔叔的积极乐观影响着每一个人，故选B项。‎ ‎23．A.precious B．challenging C．generous D．tough 答案　A 解析　因为癌症，叔叔接受化疗后，每个时刻对他来说都是宝贵的，故选A项。‎ ‎24．A.ignores B．creates C．donates D．appreciates 答案　D 解析　根据“...he’s not too concerned about the future.”可推断叔叔开始欣赏生活中一些简单的事。‎ ‎25．A.Whichever B．Wherever C．Whenever D．Whatever 答案　C 解析　无论“我”什么时候听到有人在叔叔面前提到问题，他都会说一些鼓励性的话，故选C项。‎ ‎26．A.worrying B．desiring C．playing D．hesitating 答案　A 解析　根据下文中“Instead of fretting(苦恼)”的提示可判断选A项。‎ ‎27．A.gain B．miss C．treasure D．quit 答案　B 解析　一些没有必要的压力让我们错过了生活中许多美好的东西，故选B项。‎ ‎28．A.face B．take C．solve D．forget 答案　D 解析　既然想不出办法去解决问题，那不妨忘掉它，享受现在。‎ ‎(二)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 Next time you fly，here’s the perfect excuse to switch off your work computer，put down the crossword and settle down with a drink and a movie.Travelling by plane can make it more difficult to think.‎ Professor David Gradwell advises fliers to sit back and relax rather than keeping busy by doing puzzles or important work.This is because the air pressure on planes is lower than it is at sea level，making it harder for the brain to make use of oxygen in the air，thus affecting its performance.‎ Typically，when a plane is cruising at 40,000ft，the air pressure in the cabin will be equal to that found outside at 6,000 to 8,000ft.Learning can be damaged at 8,000ft，so you don’t want to make the biggest decision of your life on planes.‎ However，if you are practiced in a task，it is unlikely your performance will be affected.If you regularly do a crossword，you are going to be fine.But if it is something that is new to you，you are probably not going to do it well.This explains why commercial pilots’ thinking is not impaired.‎ Professor Gradwell said his advice could become even more important if Internet access becomes widespread on planes，meaning businessmen and businesswomen are more likely to use flying time to work.“Those looking forward to having emails in flight might want to think twice about sending that email to the manager，” he said.‎ The condition，called “economy class syndrome(经济舱综合症)”，has caused anxiety among holidaymakers，business people and frequent fliers.But Mr.Gradwell said it is extremely rare，‎ other than in those who have latestage cancer or another medical condition that causes blood clots(凝血块)．Flying is safe.Millions of people do it every year，without any issues at all.‎ ‎1．According to the passage，while on a plane， .‎ A．the brain’s performance has nothing to do with the air pressure B．the brain’s performance will be reduced C．the passengers can take in enough fresh air to relax D．it’s dangerous for the pilots as well as passengers 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。从文章第二段第二句可知，飞机上气压低，会令人脑部含氧量降低，减弱思考能力。‎ ‎2．What advice does Mr.Gradwell give to us?‎ A．Doing crosswords on a plane can kill time.‎ B．People might as well try some new tasks on a plane.‎ C．People should eat less when travelling by plane.‎ D．Fliers should sit and relax instead of keeping working.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句和下文内容可知，Professor David Gradwell建议乘客坐飞机时，应该放松、休息，而非继续工作。‎ ‎3．Who are most likely to finish tasks as usual?‎ A．Teachers with rich experience.‎ B．Successful businessmen.‎ C．Commercial pilots.‎ D．Frequent fliers.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。从文章第四段内容可知，机舱气压低，令脑部含氧量降低，思考能力减弱，这时候不适合作重大决定。但是，面对熟悉的事物则不会太受影响，故高空气压不会影响已习惯操控飞机的机师的思维。故正确答案应为选项C。‎ ‎4．Which would be the best title for the passage?‎ A．You Should not Make Key Decisions on a Plane B．Be Careful When Travelling by Plane C．Never Send Emails on a Plane D．Why Shouldn’t You Travel by Plane 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。根据文章第一段和下文内容可知，坐飞机时气压低，会令人脑部含氧量 降低，此时勿作重要决定。故最佳题目应为：You should not make key decisions on a plane。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 I just got a job and needed childcare for my 2yearold daughter and my 8yearold son when he had only a half day of school.I was trying to 5 the right solution.I finally found a great daycare center for my 6 .They didn’t take 7 kids，so I had no idea 8 to have my son go when there was no school.My job was about to 9 ，so I chose the daycare center for my daughter，and just set aside my son’s situation，hoping that it would 10 .Meanwhile，I asked the universe for the safest，most wonderful，and easiest 11 for all of us.‎ I just 12 the daycare center after signing my daughter up，and while I was standing at the bus stop，a woman 13 up and asked me if I would prefer a babysitter to come to my home.Of course，having a nanny handle the situation would be great， 14 in my area，a nanny would ask for 300 a week or even more.I couldn’t 15 that，and I told her I could only 16 about 100.Surprisingly，she was 17 with the money；and this woman is perfect.I couldn’t imagine anyone better to 18 my kids.My daughter loves her，and she doesn’t even cry when I 19 work.‎ This woman has made all of our lives so much 20 .My son can just come home，and someone will be here to care for him for no 21 days，and I get to go straight to work， 22 go to a daycare center first.‎ This 23 has taught me that，even if I am thinking negatively，if a small part of me is open，the universe can create amazing solutions to seemingly 24 problems.‎ ‎5．A.discover B．find C．invent D．arrange 答案　B 解析　根据空后的“I finally found a great daycare center”可知，“我”正尽力地找恰当的解决方法。‎ ‎6．A.cousin B．nephew C．daughter D．son 答案　C 解析　根据空后内容可知，这个托儿所只适合“我”的女儿。‎ ‎7．A.older B．younger C．smaller D．greater 答案　A 解析　根据该段第一句内容可知，儿子比女儿的年龄大，所以此处是指“这个托儿所不接收年龄较大的孩子”。‎ ‎8．A.why B．when C．where D．what 答案　C 解析　“我”不知道在儿子不上学的时候应该把他送到哪里去。‎ ‎9．A.end B．rise C．continue D．start 答案　D 解析　根据该段第一句的“I just got a job”可知，此处指的是“我的工作就要开始了”。‎ ‎10．A.work for B．send out C．work out D．send for 答案　C 解析　“我”暂时不考虑儿子的情况，只希望事情能够有所好转。‎ ‎11．A.goal B．solution C．chance D．routine 答案　B 解析　“我”祈求上天能为我们三个人找到最安全、最美好、最容易的解决方法。‎ ‎12．A.left B．settled C．organized D．quitted 答案　A 解析　根据空后的“and while I was standing at the bus stop”可知，此处是指“我离开了托儿所”。‎ ‎13．A.put B．brought C．took D．walked 答案　D 解析　当“我”正站在公交车站的时候，一位妇女向“我”走过来。‎ ‎14．A.but B．and C．or D．for 答案　A 解析　根据上下文内容可知，前后为转折关系。‎ ‎15．A.treat B．present C．afford D．enjoy 答案　C 解析　根据空前的“a nanny would ask for 300 a week or even more”以及下一空后的100可知，作者负担不起那笔费用。‎ ‎16．A.cost B．pay C．choose D．supply 答案　B 解析　作者只能支付大约100美元。‎ ‎17．A.sad B．disappointed C．happy D．angry 答案　C 解析　根据下文的内容可知，这位妇女成为了作者家的保姆。所以此处应指“她对作者所能够支付的钱感到满意”。‎ ‎18．A.catch up with B．take care of C．put up with D．live up to 答案　B 解析　这里是指照顾小孩。‎ ‎19．A.leave for B．leave off C．leave behind D．leave alone 答案　A 解析　“我”的女儿喜欢她，甚至当“我”离开去工作的时候，她都不哭。leave for动身去……‎ ‎20．A.easier B．sharper C．softer D．warmer 答案　A 解析　根据下文可知，这位妇女让“我们”的生活变得轻松自如。‎ ‎21．A.father B．school C．task D．friend 答案　B 解析　根据第一段中的“ to have my son go when there was no school”可知答案。‎ ‎22．A.in addition B．other than C．rather than D．in all 答案　C 解析　作者能直接去工作而不用先去托儿所。‎ ‎23．A.performance B．information C．situation D．experience 答案　D 解析　此处是指作者给两个孩子找到保姆并开始自己的工作的经历。‎ ‎24．A.incorrect B．irregular C．impolite D．impossible 答案　D 解析　即使“我”对某一情况持消极的看法或态度，但如果内心仍存有一线希望，上天也会为看似不可能的事情创造出惊人的解决方法。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 Some years ago，a sixyearold boy suffered burns over 85% of his body.25.His condition was so bad that several doctors gave him up and one hospital would not admit him because they thought he would die anyway.‎ His life 26.was saved(save)，however，by eight brave people—his parents，three nurses and three doctors，especially the nurses.‎ After other nurses had quit，these women took turns to take care of the boy,27.seeing(see) him through skin grafts(移植)，operations，crucial periods in 28.which death almost gained victory.‎ His room measured 12 feet by 12 feet and the door was shut.The nurses stayed 29.with him，dressed in caps，masks and gloves as if they were assisting 30.an operation.Within an hour they got sweaty.For 14 long months the nurses gave their all to the boy.One day，31.when/as he got up，they were really satisfied and happy.‎ It was a great day！The nurses were rewarded for their efforts.32.What caused them to feel so satisfied？I think it was more than simply the fact that the boy survived.Together they attempted something nearly 33.impossible(possible)，but also truly worthwhile.‎ It is like something American educator Booker T．Washington once said，“The 34.happiest(happy) are those who do the most for others.”‎ Ⅳ.写作素材(关于如何获得别人的尊重)‎ 提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用not only ...but also ...引起的倒装句。‎ ‎35．每一个人都想获得别人的尊重。‎ Everyone wants to gain others’ respect.‎ ‎36．首先，就必须正确的评价自己。‎ First，he must assess himself correctly.‎ ‎37．不但看到自己的缺点，而且要虚心学习别人的长处。‎ Not only does he have to see his own weaknesses，but he should also learn the strengths from others.‎ ‎38．不自私自利，也是良好个性的体现。‎ Meanwhile，not being selfish is also good personality.‎ ‎39．我们应该尽力成为受别人欢迎的人。‎ We should try our best to be popular with others.‎