2020届二轮复习语法专题构词法课件（21张）

2020届二轮复习语法专题构词法课件（21张）

读语篇，悟语法。反复朗读下列短文，领悟画线黑体部分。思考：画线的单词有什么特点？各种前缀如何用？各种前缀表示什么意思？单词加了前缀后词性有没有变化？ John and his father never agree on one thing, so they often disapprove [1] of each other, for there was some misunderstanding [2] between them. Once, John and his parents went to his aunt ’ s home for dinner. When they left after dinner, John said “ Byebye ！ ” to his aunt in a low voice. However, his father didn ’ t hear it and he thought John misbehaved [3] himself for it was impolite [4] to leave without saying goodbye.John insisted that he did say it, but his father didn ’ t listen to him. From then on, John was unfriendly [5] to his father, which made his father extremely unhappy [6] . Undoubtedly [7], it is unwise [8] of John to do so. After all, they are father and son. His father sent him to a class of manners to enrich [9] his knowledge of manners, which his father believed would enable [10] him to be a goodmannered boy. John ’ s father said he was angry at his son ’ s dishonesty [11] ， which would certainly endanger [12] his future. His father ’ s nonstop [13] nonsense caused John much discomfort [14] . John had to go to the class. Later on ， he did everything against his father ’ s will. 1 ． d is- 表示 “ 相反或否定 ” 意义的前缀。 approve 赞同 → disapprove 不赞同，反对。 2 mis - 表示 “ 错误或否定 ” 意义的前缀。 understand 理解 → misunderstand 误解， misunderstanding 是其名词形式。 3 ． mis - 表示 “ 错误或否定 ” 意义的前缀。 behave 表现得体 → misbehave 行为不端。 4 ．前缀 im - 通常加在以字母 p 开头的形容词前，表示 “ 不、非 ” 的意思， polite 有礼貌的 → impolite 没礼貌的；而同是表示 “ 不、非 ” 的前缀 - il 常加在以字母 l 开头的单词前；前缀 ir 则常加在以字母 r 开头的单词前。 5 ～ 8. 前缀 un - 通常加在形容词或副词的前面，表示 “ 不、非 ” 的意思， friendly 友好的 → unfriendly 不友好的， happy 开心的 → unhappy 不开心的。 9 ～ 10. 前缀 - en 通常加在形容词前面，表示 “ 使 ……” 的意思， rich 丰富的 → enrich 使丰富，使充实； able 能够 → enable 使能够。一般的前缀不会改变词性，但前缀 en - 会改变所加的单词的词性。 11 ． dis - 表示 “ 相反或否定 ” 意义的前缀。 dis 可以加在名词的前面， honesty 诚实 → dishonesty 不诚实。 12 ．前缀 en - 也可以加在名词前面，表示 “ 使 ……” 的意思， danger 危险 → endanger 危及。 13 ．前缀 non- 构成形容词、副词和名词，表示 “ 无、没有 ” 的意思。 14 ． dis- 表示 “ 相反或否定 ” 意义的前缀。 dis- 可以加在名词的前面， comfort 舒服 → discomfort 不舒服。 Ⅰ . 单句填空 ( 用所给单词的正确形式填空 ) 1. I was supposed to arrive at the airport on time.______________ (fortunate), I was held up by the heavy traffic jam. 2. Therefore, when they become older they are ________(able) to do any other kind of work. 3. Very early the next morning, amazingly, we got completely satisfied in a totally ____________(expect) way. 4. I won ’ t do the purchase because the price of this dress is ______________(reason) ． Unfortunately unable unexpected unreasonable 5. Job __________(apply) need to show their ability to be both organized and flexible in taking on many tasks at the same time. 6 ． All facts are the source of ___________(conclude) ． 7 ． However, most _________(science) agree that EQ has a lot to do with ________(educate) ． 8 ． Excellent oral and written ______________(communicate) skills in Chinese and English are of ____________(important) ． 9. Fresh fruits and vegetables can provide much of our daily ___________(require) ． 10. It is your ________(free) to do what you want after class. applicants conclusions scientists education communication importance requirement freedom 11. As is known to us all, the Entrance Exam is a great __________ ， and the students are __________ ． (compete) 12. I am so ________(thank) to you for your help. 13. He gave me some ____________(construct) suggestions. 14. A jury ’ s decision in a court case must be absolutely ________(object) ． 15. He devoted much money to building schools in ____________ (mountain) areas. 16. Unfortunately, my car broke down on a ________(mud) road. 17. Everyone should play his part in building a __________(harmony) society. 18. The ___________(mystery) letter sent from Taiwan made the professor lost in thought. competition competitors thankful constructive objective mountainous muddy harmonious mysterious 19. To make myself ________ ， I would do some ________ exercise after work. (relax) 20. All the children felt __________ when they heard the ___________ news. (discourage) 21. We __________ (apology) for the late departure of this flight. 22 ． The article can ________ (long) out a little by adding some examples. 23 ． His illness ________ (worse) during the night. 24 ． Letting that animal escape was no accident; you did it ____________(intention) ． 25 ． The black people were against slavery and fought for their freedom ________(brave) ． relaxed relaxing discouraged discouraging apologized lengthen worsened intentionally bravely 26 ． Our products are sold __________ (world) ． 27 ． He went out of the office ________ (hurry) to run after her. 28 ． I lost my balance and fell __________ (back) ． 29 ． They live in the ________(west) part of the village. 30 ． It ’ s very important to eat ________(health) ． worldwide hurriedly backward western healthily Ⅱ . 单句改错 ( 下列每句中有一处错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改，请指出并改正。 ) 1 ． A difficult person will be easier to cooperate if understand is achieved. ________________________ 2 ． The actually reasons for this phenomenon are the subject of a very heated discussion. ______________ 3 ． It ’ s surprised what people will do for money.____________________ 4 ． When facing danger, one should keep calmly.____________ 5 ． Are you being completely honesty about your feelings ？ ______________ understand → understanding actually → actual surprised → surprising calmly → calm honesty → honest 6 ． I was thrilling to be invited.________________ 7 ． Hopeful, we ’ ll arrive before dark.__________________ 8 ． I felt extreme upset, and I couldn ’ t believe my mother refused to help the animal. __________________ 9 ． Was she telling me the true or trying to cheat me ？ ________________ 10 ． In this increasingly competitive world, we are supposed to enrich ourselves constant to keep in pace with the modern society.__________________ thrilling → thrilled Hopeful → Hopefully extreme → extremely true → truth constant → constantly Ⅲ . 语篇填空 ( 阅读下列短文，用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空 ) A father sat at his desk looking at and carefully studying his 1.________ (month) bills when his young son rushed in and announced, “ Dad, because this is your birthday and you ’ re 55 years old, I ’ m going to give you 55 kisses, one for each year ！ ” But the father exclaimed, “ Oh, Andrew, don ’ t do it now; I ’ m too busy ！ ” The youngster immediately fell 2.________ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.3.________ ( apologetical ) the father said, “You can finish later.” The boy said nothing but 4.________ (quiet) walked away ， 5.________ (disappoint) written over his face. That evening the father said, “ Come and finish the kisses now, Andrew ！ ” But the boy didn ’ t respond. 6 ． ________ (fortunate), the boy had an accident and was drowned. His heartbroken father wrote ， “If only I could tell him how much I regret my 7.________ (thought) words, and could be assured that he knows how much my heart is aching. ” Love is a two-way street. Any loving act must be 8.________ (warm) accepted or it will be taken as 9.________ (reject) and can leave a scar. Nothing is more 10.________ (importance) than responding with love to the cry for love from those who are near and precious to us. 【语篇导读】 　一个小孩在父亲 55 岁生日时想给父亲 55 个吻，但这位父亲因太忙叫儿子等以后有空再吻，几天后这个小男孩不幸溺水身亡，父亲伤心欲绝。故事告诫我们，对于那些在我们身边对我们弥足珍贵的人来说，用爱去回应他们爱的渴望，这是最重要的。 1 ． monthly 　 [ 在名词前作定语用形容词，表示 “ 每月的 ” 填 monthly 。 ] 2 ． silent 　 [ 在系动词 fell 后作表语用形容词。 ] 3 ． Apologetically 　 [ 修饰谓语动词作状语用副词。 ] 4 ． quietly 　 [ 修饰谓语动词作状语用副词。 ] 5 ． disappointment 　 [ 后面有过去分词短语，应是名词与过去分词短语构成独立主格结构。 ] 6 ． Unfortunately 　 [ 修饰全句作状语用副词，溺水身亡是 “ 不幸地 ” 。 ] 7 ． thoughtless 　 [ 在名词前作定语用形容词，根据文意，加表示否定意义的后缀 -less 。 ] 8 ． warmly 　 [ 修饰谓语动词作状语用副词。 ] 9 ． rejection 　 [ 在介词后作宾语用名词。 ] 10 ． important 　 [ 在系动词 is 后作表语用形容词。 ]